REWARD POINT

ACTIVITY
REPORT

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 Solar Panel Parameters Monitoring
Using Arduino

SLOT 3- FACULTY INITIATIVE –REWARD POINT

ACTIVITY REPORT

Submitted By
SRIDHARAN M
191EE228

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

SATHYAMANGALAM-638401

MAY 2020

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 DECLARATION

I affirm that the Faculty Initiative Reward Point task work “Solar Panel
Parameters Monitoring Using Arduino” being submitted as the record of
original work done by me under the guidance of Mrs. Mohanapriya V,
Assistant Professor Level II, Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering.

SRIDHARAN M
191EE228

I certify that declaration made above by the candidates is

true.

(Signature of Guide)

MOHANAPRIYA V

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SNO TITTLE PAGE NO

1 OBJECTIVE OF THE TASK 1

2 COMPONENTS REQUIRED 1

3 BLOCK DIAGRAM 2

4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 2

5 THEORY

5.1. Arduino Uno 3

5.2. Lcd display 3

6 SENSORS AND WORKING

6.1. Voltage sensor 4

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6.2 Current sensor

6.3. Temperature and Pressure Sensor 6

6.4. Light dependent resistor 7

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7 CIRCUIT OPERATION 8

8 SYSTEM SIMULATION 9

9 PROGRAM CODE 10

10 RESULT 13

11 CONCLUSION 13

12 REFERENCE 14

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 Solar Panel Parameters Monitoring system

1.OBJECTIVE OF THE TASK:

The main objective of this task is to design the solar panel
parameters monitoring system by using Arduino in proteus software.

2.COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
 Arduino Uno
 Bread board
 Solar panel (12v)
 16*2 LCD display
 LDR sensor
 Temperature sensor
 Voltage sensor
 Current sensor
 9v battery
 USB cable
 Capacitor
 Push button
 LEDs
 Jumper wires

SIMULATION:

 Proteus
 Arduino

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3.BLOCK DIAGRAM:

4.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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5.THEORY:
5.1. Arduino Uno:

Arduino Uno is an opensource microcontroller based on the

Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller developed by Arduino. The
board is equipped with digital-to-analog input / output pins that can be
connected to various expansion boards or other circuits. This board
has 14 pins digital I / O pins, 6 analog I / O pins Can be programmed
with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), a USB
Type B cable. USB or 9-volt battery, although it can also accept
between 7 and 20 volts.
5.2. Lcd display:

The 16x2 LCD screen is a very simple module that is often used in
various device circuits. 16x2 LCD means that it can display 16

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characters per line, there are 2 lines. Each character on this LCD is
displayed with a 5x7 pixel matrix.
6.SENSORS AND WORKING:

6.1. Voltage sensor:

The B25 voltage sensor module is used to measure the output voltage
of the photovoltaic panel. The voltage sensor B25 uses the principle
of voltage divider, in essence, a voltage divider of 30 kΩ resistance
and 7.5 kΩ resistance, as shown in the figure. This is used to reduce
the input voltage by up to 5 times the initial voltage, since the
maximum analog input voltage of the Arduino microcontroller is 5 V.
The voltage sensor module will be installed in parallel with the load
on the photovoltaic panel, as shown in the figure.

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The sensor reading is a digital value (Vout) between 0 and 1023.
Since the microcontroller ADC is encoded in 10 bits, the resolution of
the PV panel module voltage is 0.00489 V (5/1023) and the input
voltage must be greater than 0.02445V (0.00489V × 5) this module.
The output voltage of the PV panel can be:
V=5*Vout*(5/1023)

6.2 Current sensor:

The current sensor used to measure the output current of a

photovoltaic panel is the INA169 module, it can measure DC currents
up to 5 amperes. Figure shows a diagram of the INA 169 current
sensor. The INA169 is a high voltage lateral current sensor that
measures voltage drop across the measured resistance (Rs). A voltage
level (Vo) is then applied to the output resistor.
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As shown in Figure, the output current of the sensor module can be
obtained from the following equation:
Is = (Vo*1K) / (Rs*Rl)
Where:
- Vo: is the voltage, measured at the output of the INA169.
- 1kΩ is a constant resistance
- Rs: is the value of the shunt resistor, where it is set at 0.1 Ω.
- RL: is the value of the output resistor, where it is set at 10 KΩ.
The output current of the PV panel can be:
I =( Vo*5) / 1023

The output voltage (Vo) of the INA169 module is the input voltage of
the analog pins of the Arduino, between 0 and 1023. The current
sensor module must be daisy-chained to the positive side of the
photovoltaic panel as shown in Figure (c).

6.3. Temperature and Pressure Sensor:

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Temperature and barometric pressure were measured with a BMP180
temperature-pressure sensor. The BMP180 sensor is an environmental
sensor for a variety of meteorological sensors and can be used with
I2C (Inter-Integral Circuit) and SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
communication protocols.
This precision sensor from BOSCH company is a popular low-cost
precision sensing solution for measuring barometric pressure with
±1 hPa absolute accuracy, and at temperature ±1.0°C accuracy.
Figure 4 show the BMP180 sensor with the connection pins for
interface with the Arduino board.

6.4. Light dependent resistor (LDR):

The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is also called as a light-

controlled variable resistor. Its resistance depends on the light
impinging on it. The resistance offered by the LDR is inversely
proportional to light strength. Light dependent resistors are useful
especially in light/dark sensor circuits application. The symbol is
in diagram, they have high resistance up to 1MΩ, but when they
are illuminated with light, the resistance drops drastically. the LDR
sensor is used to monitor the light intensity incidence on the
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photovoltaic panel. The change in resistance can easily be
measured by converting the resistance into voltage equivalent. 5V
supply is connected to input of the LDR and in series with a 10KΩ
resistor. The middle point is used as output connected to the
Arduino board. When light falls on the LDR, the resistance of
LDR decreases and the analog voltage changes. This voltage is
applied to the analog input of the Arduino which is converted to
digital equivalent corresponding to light intensity.
For measuring the light intensity in degree, the LDR voltage is
converted using equation
Light intensity = LDR *1023/5

7.CIRCUIT OPERATION:

The designed circuit parameters were first simulated on

PROTEUS ISIS software which was in turn was used to select
components for the construction of the Arduino-based solar PV
parameter-measuring system. The system construction
encompasses mounting and soldering of the circuit elements on the
breadboard. The hardware construction involves the coupling of
physical part of the system which is made up of circuit units and
interface between the voltage sensor unit, current sensor unit,
temperature and pressure sensor unit, light intensity sensor unit
and the Arduino microcontroller unit. The constructional stage of
the system is presented in Fig, showing the assemblage of the
components parts on the breadboard. The second stage involves

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 programming of the Arduino in C-language which provides
central control for the system operation. The program used for the
system testing on the PROTEUS ISIS software was downloaded to
the board to complete the circuit construction.

8.SYSTEM SIMULATION:

After designing the sensor interface circuit for the solar PV

parameter measuring system, a simulation was carried out in
PROTEUS ISIS to optimize the circuit parameters prior to
practical construction of the designed system. Each component
was picked by selecting the PROTEUS schematic capture and
component mode from the library’s toolbar. The complete circuit
schematic is presented in Figure 9 showing all essential
components placed in the workspace before the circuit was wired
up. The voltage sensor measures the voltage generated by the solar
panel in volts and sends the analog input to the microcontroller.
The current sensor measures the current drawn by the load in
ampere and sends the analog input to the microcontroller. Also,
the BMP180 sensor senses the pressure (Pa) and air temperature
(°C) but provides the values directly in digital output. This is done
by interfacing the output of the BMP180 to the analog input of the
microcontroller. The LDR sensor was used to measure the light
intensity in lux. These sensors output parameters provide the input
value to the Arduino and the output is displayed on the LCD
screen. The Arduino Uno ADC module was programmed to
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 convert the analog input from the sensors to digital output
equivalent for display via LCD screen and logged in the PLX-
DAQ data acquisition. The LCD screen displays output of the
voltage, current, temperature, pressure, and light intensity values.
9.PROGRAM CODE:

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

#define sensor A0

#define VOLT A1

#define LUX A3

LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7);

float Temperature, temp, volt, volts,lux,Temp;

int temp1, value;

byte degree[8] =

0b00011,

0b00011,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000

};

void setup()

lcd.begin(16,2);

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 lcd.createChar(1, degree);

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print(" Soler Energy ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(" Measurement ");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print(" By Saddam Khan ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("ENGINEERS GARAGE");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

void loop()

/*---------Temperature-------*/

float reading=analogRead(sensor);

Temperature=reading*(5.0/1023.0)*100;

delay(10);

/*---------Voltage----------*/

temp1=analogRead(VOLT);

volts= (temp1/511.5)*5;

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delay(10);

/*-----Light Intensity------*/

value=analogRead(LUX);

volt=(value/1023.0)*5;

lux=((2500/volt)-500)/3.3;

delay(10);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("T:");

lcd.print((int)analog_value);

lcd.write(1);

lcd.print("C");

lcd.setCursor(8,0);

lcd.print("V:");

lcd.print(volts);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Intens: ");

lcd.print((int)lux);

lcd.print(" Lux");

Serial.println((int)Temp);

Serial.println(volts);

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 Serial.println((int)lux);

delay(500);

10.RESULT:

The result of the power generated by the solar panel is shown in

Fig. The result pattern shows that the output power depends
directly on the solar panel voltage, light intensity and the
temperature. The solar panel highest power of 7.5W was
recorded on the 21st of June when the day was brightest with
moderately low temperature of 33.31°C at 11.00pm while the
lowest power was 0.48W at 7.00am on the 19th of day.

11.CONCLUSION:

An Arduino based solar power parameter-measuring system has

been designed and constructed using the optimized simulated
parameter from Proteus ISIS. This device was then used to acquire
solar PV current, voltage, power, temperature, pressure and light
intensity. The system can measure data from solar panel that can
be used to evaluate the performance of solar energy generated
for future energy generation prediction. Based on the
measurement data, it was observed that the solar PV energy
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 generation directly depends on the solar irradiance, temperature
and air pressure.

12.REFERENCE:

https://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-projects/solar-panel-
parameters-monitoring-using-arduino/

Adib, R., Murdock, H., Appavou, F., Brown, A., Epp, B., Leidreiter,
A., Lins, C., Murdock, H., Musolino, E. and Petrichenko, K. 2015.
Renewables 2015 global status report. REN21 Secretariat, Paris, France:
162.

Ashish A, 2018. Using an LDR Sensor with Arduino. Available online at

https://maker.pro/arduino/projects/using-an-ldr-sensor-with-arduino.

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