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1.1) NAND Gates As OR Gate: Virtual Labs (Vlabs - Ac.in)

1) The NAND gate can realize all basic logic functions on its own since it is a combination of an AND gate and NOT gate. 2) Similarly, the NOR gate can realize all basic logic functions as it is a combination of an OR gate and NOT gate. 3) Both NAND and NOR gates can be used to build circuits that implement AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR functions through appropriate wiring configurations and by inverting inputs or outputs.

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Dilip Gangopadhyay
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136 views

1.1) NAND Gates As OR Gate: Virtual Labs (Vlabs - Ac.in)

1) The NAND gate can realize all basic logic functions on its own since it is a combination of an AND gate and NOT gate. 2) Similarly, the NOR gate can realize all basic logic functions as it is a combination of an OR gate and NOT gate. 3) Both NAND and NOR gates can be used to build circuits that implement AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR functions through appropriate wiring configurations and by inverting inputs or outputs.

Uploaded by

Dilip Gangopadhyay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Virtual Labs (vlabs.ac.

in)

Introduction
Logic gates are electronic circuits which perform logical functions on
one or more inputs to produce one output. There are seven logic
gates. When all the input combinations of a logic gate are written in a
series and their corrresponding outputs written along them, then this
input/ output combination is called Truth Table.

1)Nand gate as Universal gate

NAND gate is actually a combination of two logic gates i.e. AND gate
followed by NOT gate. So its output is complement of the output of an
AND gate.This gate can have minimum two inputs. By using only
NAND gates, we can realize all logic functions: AND, OR, NOT, Ex-
OR, Ex-NOR, NOR. So this gate is also called as universal gate.

1.1)NAND gates as OR gate


From DeMorgan’s theorems:
(A.B)’ = A’ + B’
(A’.B’)’ = A’’ + B’’ = A + B
So, give the inverted inputs to a NAND gate, obtain OR operation at
output.

Figure-1:NAND gates as OR gate


Figure-2:Truth table of OR

1.2)NAND gates as AND gate


A NAND produces complement of AND gate. So, if the output of a
NAND gate is inverted, overall output will be that of an AND gate.
Y = ((A.B)’)’
Y = (A.B)

Figure-3:NAND gates as AND gate

Figure-4:Truth table of AND


1.3)NAND gates as Ex-OR gate
The output of a two input Ex-OR gate is shown by: Y = A’B + AB’. This
can be achieved with the logic diagram shown in the left side.

Figure-5:NAND gate as Ex-OR gate

Figure-6:Truth table of Ex-OR

1.4)NAND gates as Ex-NOR gate


Ex-NOR gate is actually Ex-OR gate followed by NOT gate. So give
the output of Ex-OR gate to a NOT gate, overall output is that of an
Ex-NOR gate.
Y = AB+ A’B’

Figure-7:NAND gates as Ex-NOR gate

Figure-8:Truth table of Ex-NOR

1.5) Implementing the simplified function with NAND gates only


We can now start constructing the circuit. First note that the entire
expression is inverted and we have three terms ANDed. This means
that we must use a 3-input NAND gate. Each of the three terms is,
itself, a NAND expression. Finally, negated single terms can be
generates with a 2-input NAND gate acting as an inverted. Figure 8
illustrates a circuit using NAND gates only.

F=((C'.B.A)'(D'.C.A)'(C.B'.A)')'
Figure-9:Implementing the simplified function with NAND gates
only

2)Nor gate as Universal Gate


NOR gate is actually a combination of two logic gates: OR gate
followed by NOT gate. So its output is complement of the output of an
OR gate.This gate can have minimum two inputs, output is always
one. By using only NOR gates, we can realize all logic functions:
AND, OR, NOT, Ex-OR, Ex-NOR, NAND. So this gate is also called
universal gate.

2.1)NOR gates as OR gate


A NOR produces complement of OR gate. So, if the output of a NOR
gate is inverted, overall output will be that of an OR gate.
Y = ((A+B)’)’
Y = (A+B)

Figure-10:NOR gates as OR gate


Figure-11:Truth table of OR

2.2)NOR gates as AND gate


From DeMorgan’s theorems:
(A+B)’ = A’B’
(A’+B’)’ = A’’B’’ = AB
So, give the inverted inputs to a NOR gate, obtain AND operation at
output.

Figure-12:NOR gates as AND gate

Figure-13:Truth table of AND

2.4)NOR gates as Ex-OR gate


Ex-OR gate is actually Ex-NOR gate followed by NOT gate. So give
the output of Ex-NOR gate to a NOT gate, overall output is that of an
Ex-OR gate.
Y = A’B+ AB’

Figure-14:NOR gates as Ex-OR gate

Figure-15:Truth table of Ex-OR

2.3)NOR gates as Ex-NOR gate


The output of a two input Ex-NOR gate is shown by: Y = AB + A’B’.
This can be achieved with the logic diagram shown in the left side.
Figure-16:NOR gates as Ex-NOR gate

Figure-17:Truth table of Ex-NOR


2.5)Constructing a circuit with NOR gates only
Designing a circuit with NOR gates only uses the same basic
techniques as designing a circuit with NAND gates; that is, the
application of deMorgan’s theorem. The only difference between NOR
gate design and NAND gate design is that the former must eliminate
product terms and the later must eliminate sum terms.
F=(((C.B'.A)+(D.C'.A)+(C.B'.A))')'

Figure-18:Implementing the simplified function with NOR gates


only

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