CITY COLLEGE

NAME: ABHISHEK VERMA

 Introduction
 Pollution
 Types Of Pollution
 Air pollution
 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Noise Pollution
 Conclusion
 Acknowledgement
 INTRODUCTION
Through the 19 century, water and air pollution and the accumulation of solid
wastes were largely problems of congested urban areas. But, with the rapid
spread of industrialization and the growth of the human population to
unprecedented levels, pollution became a universal problem.

Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into

POLLUTION
The act or process of polluting or the state of being polluted, especially the
contamination of soil, water or the atmosphere by the discharge of harmful
substance.
The contamination of air, water, or soil by the substance that are harmful to
living organisms. Pollution can occur naturally, for example through volcanic
eruptions, or as the result of human activities, such as the spilling of oil or
disposal of industrial waste.
Pollution is global problem. Although urban areas are usually more polluted
than the countryside, pollution can spread to remote places where no people
live. For example, pesticides and other have been found in the Antarctic ice
sheet. In the middle of northern Pacific ocean, a huge collection of microscopic
plastic particles forms what is known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. All
the livings_ from one-celled microbes to blue whales _depend on Earth’s supply
of air and water. When these resources are polluted, all the forms of life are
threatened.

TYPES OF POLLUTION
 Air pollution
 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Noise pollution
 AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions,
chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as
particles. Ozone, a gas is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone
forms air pollution, it’s also called smog.

Some air pollutants are poisonous. Inhaling them can increase the chance you
will have health problems. People with heart or lung disease, older adults and
children are at greater risk from air pollution. Air pollution is not just outside –
the air inside buildings can also be polluted and affect your health.
 WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution can occurs when harmful substances – often chemicals or
microorganisms – contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other
body of water, degrading water quantity and rendering it toxics to humans or the
environment.
Water is uniquely vulnerable to pollution. Known as a “universal solvent”,
water is able to dissolve more substances than any other liquid on earth. It’s the
reason we have Kool-Aid and brilliant waterfalls. It’s also why water is so
easily polluted. Toxic substances from farms, towns and factories readily
dissolve into and mix with it, causing water pollution.
 SOIL POLLUTION
Soil contamination or soil pollution as a part of land degradation is cause by the
presence of xenobiotics (human made) chemicals or other alternation in the
natural soil environment. It is typically by industrial activity, agriculture
chemicals or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved
are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as
naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy
metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and the
intensity of chemical substance. The concern over soil contaminations stems
primarily from health risks, from direct contact with contaminated soil, vapour
from the contaminants, or from secondary contamination of water supplies
within and underlying the soil.
 NOISE POLLUTION
Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the
propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal
life, most of them harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide
is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation system. Poor urban
planning may give rise to noise degradation or pollution, side – by – side
industrial or residential building can result in noise pollution in the residential
areas. Some of the main sources of noise in residential areas include loud music,
transportation (traffic, rail, airplanes, etc .,), lawn care maintenance,
construction, electrical generators, explosions, and people.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans and
increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In animals, noise can increase
the risk of death by altering predator of prey detection and avoidance, interfere
with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss. A
substantial amount of the noise that humans produce occurs int the ocean. Up
until recently, most research on noise impacts has been focused on marine
mammals, and to a lesser degree.
 CONCLUSION
An evolving understanding of the complexity, magnitude, and inter-relatedness
of environmental problems leads us to conclude that a new balance of research
programs may be helpful. This reports describes a framework for conducting
research in a way that will help alleviate the problems of the moment while
providing a basic of for solving tomorrow’s problems.
Human activity has been responsible for some extinctions and other deleterious
changes to habitats. These changes have not always been the results of
thoughtless or selfish behaviour; often intentions were worthy but outcomes
were not as predicted. The importance of genetic diversity is demonstrated here
in relation to Dutch Elm disease. The need to retain genetic diversity in plants,
used for food and medicine, is recognised in such initiatives as the Kew
Millennuim Seed Bank Appeal.
There are also difficulties in predicting the long-term effects on climates of
airborne pollutants such as CFCs and carbon dioxide. These scientific
uncertainties, together with the financial constraints, make it difficult to obtain
international cooperation to reduce emissions. Not all pollutants are by products
of industry; such as pesticides and certain plastics, were developed to improve
the quality of life
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Rajorshi
Sahu as well as our principal who game the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic Environmental pollution, which also helped me
in doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things I am
really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot
in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.