Iligan Capitol College

Mahayahay, Iligan City

College Of Criminology

Drug Education and Vice

Control

➢ Different Forms of Vices

➢ Vice Control Laws

Prepared by: Kiven M. Geonzon

 Definition of Vice

 The word "vice" is derived from the Latin word “vitium”, which
means "failure" or "defect. A vice is a habitual practice that is
considered sinful or degrading within a society. It can also
refer to a negative character trait or an unhealthy habit like
excessive smoking drinking of alcohol, and gambling
 Law enforcement, it refers to criminal activities related to
gambling, alcohol, illegal drugs, prostitution, pornography,
and the like, and crimes related to.
 Seven deadly vices or sins identified by Dante Aligheri in the
classical work, "Divine Comedy:"1. Pride - This refers to an
excessive love of one's self.2. Envy - This refers to the
resentment of others for their worldly possessions,3. Wrath - This
refers to one's feelings of hatred, revenge, or anger towards
another person
Seven (7) Deadly Vices or Sins identified by Dante
Aligheri in the Classical Work, "Divine Comedy:"

 1. Pride - This refers to an excessive love of one's self.

 2. Envy - This refers to the resentment of others for their worldly
possessions.
 3. Wrath - This refers to one's feelings of hatred, revenge, or anger
towards another person.
 4. Sloth - Also refers to laziness, this is similar to idleness or wasting one’s
time doing unproductive things.
 5. Avarice- This refers to the desire to possess more than what is needed.
This is also a desire to own excessive amounts of material thing
 6. Gluttony- This refers to the desire to engage in overindulgence in
drinks, intoxicants, and food.
 7. Lust - This refers to one's excessive sexual desires.
 The Most Common Vices

 Smoking
 Alcohol
 Gambling
SMOKING
 Tobacco Smoking

 This refers to the act of burning the tobacco leaves and inhaling the
smoke. The Frenchman Jean Nicot, from whose name the word
"nicotine" was based, first introduced tobacco to France in 1560. It
then spread to England and to other parts of the world. Similar to
other intoxicating substances like coffee, tea and even opium,
tobacco was initially used as a kind of medicine (Gately, 2004).
 Methods of Tobacco Smoking
 Cigarettes
- The word "cigarette" means "small cigar" in French, Perhaps
these are the most commonly used type of tobacco product because
they are convenient and relatively cheaper. These are manufactured
from finely cut and cured tobacco leaves, sometimes combined with
additives, which are rolled into slim, cylinder-shaped paper tubes
(Tobacco Smoking, n.d.).

 Pipe Smoking
- In the old times, pipe smoking used to be more popular.
Here, shredded pieces of tobacco are placed into the pipe's chamber
and then ignited. The smoke is inhaled through a pipe that is
connected to the chamber. Tobaccos used for pipe smoking are
carefully cured and blended to infuse flavor.
 Cigars
- Larger than cigarettes, cigars are tightly rolled bundles of
fermented and dried that are ignited in one tip so that the smoker can
draw out the smoke from the other tip using one's mouth. Smoke from
cigars are typically not inhaled because of the high alkalinity of the
smoke, which can irritate the trachea and the lungs.

 Hookah
- These are common in Mediterranean countries. A hookah is
a single or multi-stermed glass water pipe used for smoking. Originally
from India, the hookah used to be a symbol of pride for wealthy and
high-class people. A hookah runs via water filtration and indirect heat
and can be used for smoking tobacco, herbal fruits, or even cannabis
(Tobacco Smoking, n.d.).
Electronic Cigarette (E-Cigarette)

 This is a battery-powered vaporizer that has recently gained

popularity among smokers. This gadget simulates tobacco smoking
by generating an aerosol that resembles smoke via a heating
element (atomizer). The atomizer vaporizes a liquid solution known
as e-liquid. thus producing tobacco-free smoke. E-liquids usually
contain propylene glycol, trace amounts of nicotine, flavorings and
vegetable glycerin.
 Passive Smoking

 It may be surprising for some but passive smoking in also a form of

tobacco smoking. This refers to the involuntary consumption of
smoked tobacco generated by those around the passive smoker
Owing to its perceived negative implications, especially for the
children, this kind of consumption has led to the regulation of
tobacco products (Vainio, 1987).
 Effects of Tobacco Smoking
 Cancer
- One of the most damaging effects of tobacco smoking has to
do with many forms of cancer in major body organs, such as the kidneys,
lungs, bladder, pancreas and stomach, as well as cancer in other parts of
the body like the larynx, neck, head breast, and no on. Recent studies
have established a stronger relationship between tobacco smoke,
including second-hand smoke (SHS), and cervical cancer in women.

 Oral Cancer and Diseases

- Apart from oral cancer, other serious oral conditions produced
by tobacco smoking include a wide range of oral diseases. In 1998. the
National Institutes of Health, through the National Cancer Institute in the
US, found that cigar smoking leads to various cancers, including cancers of
the oral cavity le tongue, lip, mouth, throat), larynx, esophagus. and the
lungs. In addition, pipe smoking also leads to significant health risks, in fact,
almost half of reported cases al periodontitis or inflammation around the
teeth can be attributed to current or former smoking Meanwhile.
smokeless tobacco can actually cause white mucosal lesions and gingival
recession (Health Effects of Tobacco, n.d.).
 Pulmonary Diseases
- One's tong term exposure to compounds present in tobacco smoke je
cyanide and carbon monoxide can lead to pulmonary damage and loss of
elasticity in the alveoli, thereby resulting in emphysema and the dreaded chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease COPD). This is a permanent, incurable, often
terminal reduction of the body's pulmonary capacity, which is characterized
wheezing, shortness of breath, persistent coughing with sputum, and Irreversible
damage to the lungs, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

 Cardiovascular Diseases
- Long term smoking can increase the likelihood of a wide range of
poor cardiovascular conditions, such as heart disease, and peripheral vascular
disease, and atherosclerosis. Some tobacco ingredients can constrict the blood
vessels and can lead to a heart attack or stroke. According to a recent study,
people under 40 years are five times more likely to have a heart attack if they
smoke. Moreover, the usage of tobacco has been linked to Buerger's disease,
which is the acute inflammation and clotting of arteries and veins of the hands and
feet (Health Effects of Tobacco, n.d.).
 Renal Failure
- Smoking can contribute to renal damage. Smokers are at
significant risk for chronic kidney diseases than non-smokers. In fact, a
history of smoking encourages the development of diabetic nephropathy.

 Infection
- Tobacco has been linked to increased susceptibility to
infectious diseases, particularly in the lungs. Smoking over 20 cigarettes a
day can increase one's risk of tuberculosis up to four times, while being a
current smoker can lead to a four-fold increase in one's risk of
pneumococcal disease. Smoking also increases the risk of other pulmonary
and respiratory tract infections through damages on the immune system
and structural damage. The usage of tobacco can also increase rates of
infection in the lungs, which can lead to a wide range of afflictions ranging
from common cold and bronchitis to COPD to emphysema.
 Impotence
- Male smokers are 85% more likely to experience impotence compared
with male non-smokers; smoking can also lead to erectile dysfunction. Smoking
causes impotence as it promotes constrictions in the arteries. For women, smoking is
harmful to the ovaries and can potentially cause female infertility, Nicotine and
many other dangerous chemicals in cigarettes reduce the body's ability to create
estrogen, a hormone regulating folliculogenesis and ovulation: For both males and
females, the degree of damage is dependent upon the amount and length of time
they have been Smoking Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001).

 Psychological Effects
- Smokers often report that they use cigarettes to relieve stress.
However, the stress levels of adult smokers are actually higher than those of
nonsmokers. Far from being a stress reliever, nicotine dependency may actually
exacerbate stress, especially for adolescent users. This has been confirmed in the
daily mood patterns described by smokers, such that they report normal moods
while smoking and worsening moods in between cigarettes. In other words,
dependent smokers actually need nicotine to feel normal, thus setting the stage for
addiction (World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2002).
 Alcohol
 The second type of vice to be discussed in this book has to do with
alcohol. An alcoholic drink often contains anywhere from 396 to 40%
alcohol. Such drinks are legally sold and consumed in many countries
around the world

 The term "alcoholism" refers to problems related to alcohol consumption

Generally, it is used to refer to the uncontrolled and compulsive
consumption of alcoholic drinks in a way that in detrimental to the well-
being of the drinker as it affects one's health, social standing. work, and
personal relationships

 Medically speaking, alcoholism in considered a disease and an

addictive illness: The misuse of alcohol can potentially damage major
organs in the body, including the brain. Moreover, the cumulative toxic
effects of chronic alcohol abuse can cause medical and psychiatric
problems, and in most cases, can lead to various criminal activities.
Thus, the production and selling of alcohol is a widely regulated Industry
(Alcoholism, n.d.).
 Types of Alcoholic Drinks
 Wine
- Wine in a kind of ferments beverage commonly produced from
grapes. The process of making wine involves longer fermentation and
aging process compared with beer, as it can take months and years.
Thus, the alcohol content of wine is usually 9% to 16 ABV. Its less
intoxicating form, sparkling wine, is produced via secondary
fermentation Thus, its alcohol content is even lower.

 Beer
- This is a kind of fermented beverage made from mashed barley
or a combination of several types of grains, Beer is the most consumed
alcoholic beverage in the world because it is relatively cheaper
compared with its other counterparts.
 Distilled Spirits
- A distilled spirit or liquor is another kind of alcoholic beverage
produced by extracting or distilling ethanol, which is produced by
fermenting fruit, grain, or vegetables. Distilled, alcoholic beverages
that are unsweetened and have an alcohol content of 20% ABV are
called spirits. For its stronger forms, such as whiskey and vodka, the
alcohol content is around 40%.
- In North America, the term hard liquor" is used to distinguish
distilled beverages (vodka, tequila, gin, whiskey, soju, brandy from
undistilled beverages (implicitly weaker).
Effects of Excessive Alcohol Intake
 Brain Damage and Dementia
- Alcohol-related brain damage has been attributed to the direct and
toxic effects of alcohol. Moreover, nutritional deficiency: liver damage, alcohol
withdrawal, and electrolyte disturbances contribute to brain damage related to
the excessive consumption of alcohol.
- Meanwhile, chronic and excessive alcohol intake has also been linked
to severe cognitive decline along with a range of complications to the body's
neuropsychiatric system Elderly drinkers are known to be the most sensitive
population group as regards the taxic effects on the brain of alcohol consumption
(Long-term Effects of Alcohol Consumption, n.d.).

 Mental Health Effects

- Heavy drinkers and abusers of alcohol suffer from high rates of major
depressive disorders. Drinking may lead to a major depressive disorder that, in turn,
paves the way for self-medicating alcohol abuse, thus trapping the drinker in a
vicious cycle.
- As for the general alcoholic population, the increased risk for suicide is
up to 20 times greater compared with the general public In fact, about 15% of
alcoholics commit suicide. In addition, those who abuse alcohol combined with
drugs are at a greater risk for suicide: approximately 339 percent of suicide cases
for those under 35 years are directly linked to alcohol and/or other substance
abuse.
 Sleep Deprivation
- Ironically, chronic and long-term abuse of alcohol to induce sleep can
actually lead to insomnia: Frequent movements between sleep stages occur due
to sudden awakenings caused by headaches and diaphoresis. Unfortunately,
suddenly stopping chronic abuse of alcohol can lead to profound disturbances of
sleep with vivid dreams. In fact, chronic abuse of alcohol has been linked to Non-
Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Stages 3 and 4 sleep, the suppression of Rapid Eye
Movement (REM) sleep, and even REM sleep fragmentation.

 Liver Disease
- Alcoholic liver disease is another mounting public health problem. The
chronic abuse of alcohol can lead to cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, and a fatty liver.
In fact, in the Western world alcohol is a leading cause of liver cancer, accounting
for as much as 45% of all hepatic cancers reported. Today, treatment options for
liver diseases are limited, and the most recommended treatment is to discontinue
alcohol consumption. In other severe cases, the only treatment option available is
via liver transplant from donors classified as alcohol abstinent (Long-term Effects of
Alcohol Consumption, n.d.).
 Pancreatitis
- The majority of reported cases of chronic and acute
pancreatitis have been attributed to alcohol abuse. Chronic
pancreatitis can lead to intestinal malabsorption, that can result in
diabetes. Meanwhile alcoholic pancreatitis results in severe abdominal
pain and an even lead to pancreatic cancer.

 Hormonal Imbalance
- Excessive alcohol intake can lead to hyperestrogenism.
Scientists believe that alcohol beverages contain estrogen like
compounds. In males, high estrogen levels can lead to the
development of gynecomastia for the development of male breasts).
along with testicular failure. Meanwhile, in women increased estrogen
levels due to excessive alcohol intake has been linked to breast
cancer.
 Sexual Dysfunction
- Excessive and long-term intake of alcohol can damage the
central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, thus resulting in
the loss of sexual desire and even impotence in men This can be attributed
to the reduced amount of testosterone from ethanol-induced testicular
atrophy, which in turn, results in an increased feminization among males.
This is a clinical feature of alcohol abusing male diagnosed with cirrhosis of
the liver.

 Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Compared with others wherein mostly negative effects re
reported, the frequent and regular consumption of alcohol has been
linked to a decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Two recent studies have
reported that the reduced risk of developing theumatoid arthritis can be
linked to increasing alcohol consumption. In fact, among those who
consumed alcohol regularly, the one quarter who drank the most 50% less
likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis compared with the other half who
consumed the least amount (Long-term Effects of Alcohol Consumption,
n.d.).
 Gambling
 The term "gambling" refers to the act of betting of money on an event with an
uncertain outcome, guided by the intent of winning additional money from
what has been initially staked. People take to Gambling as a way to escape
their stress, problems, and loneliness. Por others, gambling is a means of
recreation. However. it has been proven to be an addictive activity, leading
gamblers to continue with Rambling activities regardless of whether or not they
are still earning (Gambling, n.d.).
 Moreover, when gamblers engage in excessive gaMbling, they are y to spend
money and time at the expense of their jobs, families, and friends in the family,
gambling lead to distrust among loved ones, while in the workplace, gambling
can lead to a decline in the quality of one's professional output. Gamblers
exhibit mood swing and secretive behavior, they then start borrowing money
and taking loans spend more, ultimately leading to bankruptcy.
 In the area of law and enforcement, it is widely acknowledged thue gambling
can lead gamblers towards crime. The addiction can lead to such an extreme
where they have to resort to bad practices to recoup their initial investments. On
the other end of the spectrum, lenders exploit these gamblers by hooking them
into a trap where endless debt in sure to follow.
 Forms of Gambling

 Casino Games
- In Western countries, the most popular form of gambling is
the casino game. At the casino, any game can be played for money,
and most casinos are designed to entice gamblers to stay for long
periods of time and spend money on seemingly "harmless" games
(Gambling, n.d.).
- The three types of game found in a casino include table
games mahjong, card games), electronie gaming (pachinko, video
poker, slot machines, and other games (bingo, lottery).
 Sports Betting
- Another popular form of betting is sports betting, or the act of
betting on team and even individual sports. In fact, it has become an
important service industry in most countries. There are millions of people
who play the football pools weekly in the UK alone. Aside from organized
sports betting (legal and illegal), many side betting games, such as the
Super Bowl Squares, the Fantasy Sports Leagues with monetary entry fees
and winnings, the NCAA Basketball Tournament Bracket Pools, and other
in-person spectator games such as Moundball, are also played by casual
spectators (Gambling, n.d.).

 Fixed-odds Betting
- Fixed-odds betting are done in many sporting event and even
in political elections. Here, bookies offer fixed odds on a number of non
ports related outcomes (e g the winner of television competitions has
American Idol, the direction of movement of financial indices, and
election results. Interactive prediction markets likewise offer trading on
such outcomes, in which share of results are traded on an open market
(Gambling, n.d.).
 Arbitrage Betting
- Theoretically, arbitrage betting is a risk-free betting system
wherein every outcome of an event is bet upon so that a fixed profit can
be made by the bettor upon an event's completion, regardless of the final
outcome. Arbitrage betting combines gambling and the ancient art of
arbitrage trading, and has been made possible by the increasing number
of bookies in the marketplace (Gambling, n.d.).

 Jueteng
- This is the most controversial form of illegal gambling in the
Philippines. It is also known as "small town lottery where there are "kabo's"
who collect the bets and numbers, and the numbers are drawn through
draw slots. Several government officials and local government units have
been involved in this kind of illegal gambling the most famous of which is
former President Joseph "ERAP Ejercito Estrada. His involvement in the so-
called "Jueteng Payola has resulted in political chaos and his subsequent
impeachment.
 Vice Control Laws
 Republic Act No. 9211
- Also known as the Tobacco Law," Republic Act No. 9211 is
an act that regulates the packaging, use, sale, distribution and
advertisements of tobacco products. Especially, in the Philippines
where cigarettes de ubiquitously sold, this law is an important one as it
curbs the illegal sale and use of cigarettes among minors.

 Republic Act No. 6956

- Republic Act No. 6956 is an act modifying the excise taxes o
distilled spirits, wines, fermented liquor and cigarettes, amending for
this purpose Sections 138(a) and (b), 139, and 140 and 142(c) and
(d)of the national Internal Revenue Code.
 Presidential Decree No. 1602
- Presidential Decree No 1602, also known as the Philippine Gambling
Law, amends all the provisions about gambling found to be confusing
inappropriate, and ineffective from the national to the municipal level.
- This particularly summarizes the contents of Articles 195-199, the
Revised Penal Code, Republic Act No. 3063 Horse Racing Bookies. Presidential
Decree No. 499 (Cockfighting), Presidential Decree No 483 Game Fixing,
Presidential Decree No. 519 (Slot Machines), and Presidential Decree No. 1036 (Jai-
alai Bookies), This law was signed in Manila on June 11, 1978.

 Republic Act No. 3063

- This law authorised licensed race tracks and racing clubs, along with
their authorised agents to offer, take, or arrange bets outside the place. endorse or
track where legal races are held, provided that ach beta are offered, taken, or
arranged only in Rizal Province and chartered cities. This law provides proper
penalties for violations, thus amending for the purpose Section 2 and 7 Republic Act
No 954. This law wen signed on June 17, 1961.
 Presidential Decree No. 449
- Also known as the Cockfighting Law of 1974, Presidential
Decree No. 449 elaborates the elements involved in the legalized betting
related to derby and cockfghting throughout the country This was
approved and signed in the City of Manila on May 9, 1974.

 Presidential Decree No. 483

- This law penalizes betting, game-fixing, or point-shaving and
rigged machinations in sports contests. This law was signed in City of
Manila On June 13, 1974.

 Presidential Decree No. 1306

- This law, also known as the "Jai Alai law, amends Section 2 of
Presidential Decree No. 810, and is an "act granting the Philippine Jai Alai
And Amusement Corporation a franchise to operate, construct, and
maintain a front on for basque pelota and similar games of skill in the
greater manila area." This law was signed in the City of Manila on March 1,
1978.