HK-1913G

CESSNA 172

BEFORE STARTING ENGINE

1. LOG BOOK……………....…………..……………….SIGNED ON BOARD
2. AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTS………...……………...VERIFIED ON BOARD
3. FUEL………………………………………….….VERIFY AND REQUIRED
4. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION.……………………………...…....COMPLETE
5. SEATS, BELTS, HARNESSES.…………………………....…..ADJUSTED
6. CABIN DOORS………………………………………………....…..CLOSED
7. BRAKES…………………………………………...……….....................SET
8. FUEL SELECTOR VALVE…………………………..........................BOTH
9. AVIONICS MASTER………………….………………....……………….OFF
10. CARBURETOR HEAT........................................................................OFF
11. RADIOS…………………….……………………………….…...………..OFF
12. LIGHTING SYSTEM…….……………….…...………………………….OFF
13. CIRCUIT BREAKERS……………….…………..……………...….....ALL IN
14. NAV AND ANTI COLLISION LIGHTS……………….…………....……..ON
15. END OF CHECKLIST

ENGINE START

1. START UP CLEARANCE.…………………………………….…….OBTAIN
2. MIXTURE...............................................................................FULL RICH
3. CARBURETOR HEAT…………………………………………...OFF/COLD
4. MASTER SWITCH………………………………………………………...ON
5. PRIME ……… AS REQUIERED (2 to 6 strokes, none if engine is warm)
5. THROTTLE...............................................................................1/4 OPEN
6. PROPELLER AREA………………………………….………………CLEAR
7. IGNITION SWITCH ......................................................................START
8. THROTTLE...............................................................ADJUST 1000 RPM
9. OIL PRESSURE...........................................................................CHECK
10. RADIOS …………………………………….…………………….……....ON
12. SQUAK……….………………………………………….. CODE AND STBY
13. END OF CHECKLIST

PRE-TAXI
1. MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT …………………………….……….CLEAR
2. MAIN GEAR CHOCKS……………………………..……………REMOVED
3. DOORS…………………..……………………………………………CLOSE
4. TAXI CLEARANCE……………………………………………….....OBTAIN
5. AREA………………………………………………………………..…CLEAR
6. END OF CHECKLIST

TAXIING
1. TAXI LIGHT……………………..………....……………………………....ON
2. BRAKES………………………………………………..CHECK IN MOTION
3. OIL TEMPERATURE………………………………..RISING GREEN ARC
4. TURN AND BANK GYROS…………………………………...….…CHECK
5. COMPASS AND DIRECTIONAL GYRO…………………………....ALIGN
6. END OF CHECKLIST

BEFORE TAKE OFF

1. BRAKE……...…………...…………………………………………..……SET
2. TAXI LIGHT…………………………………………………………….....OFF
3. FLIGHT CONTROLS...........................................FREE AND CORRECT
4. FLAPS.........................................................................CHECK THEN UP
5. TRIM…………………………………………………...SET FOR TAKE OFF
6. FUEL SELECTOR VALVE…………………………………………….BOTH
7. WINDOWS…………………………………………………………….CLOSE
8. THROTTLE..............................................................................1700 RPM
9. MIXTURE…………………………………..…………………….ADJUSTED
10. MAGNETOS………………………………..……….MAX. DROP 125 RPM
50 RPM DFF
11. CARBURETOR HEAT………………………..ON TO CHECK DROP/OFF
12. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS……………….CHECK NORMAL OPERATION
13. VACUUM INDICATOR……………………………..CHECK (4,5 - 5,5)” HG
14. THROTTLE………………………………………………………...1000 RPM
15. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS…………………………………………….CHECK
16. MIXTURE…………………………………………...RICH BELOW 3000 FT
17. NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS……………………….…………………SET
18. TAKE OFF/SAFETY BRIEFING………………………….……COMPLETE
19. TRAFFIC AND CLEARANCE……………………………….………OBTAIN
20. TAXI LIGHT…………………………………………………………………ON
21. END OF CHECKLIST

LINE UP
1. FLAPS..……………………………………………………………………..10°
2. WINDOWS AND DOORS…………………………..……………….CLOSE
3. LANDING LIGHT……………………………………………………….....ON
4. SQUAK……….……………………………...………………………MODE C
5. TAKE OFF CLEARANCE………...………………………….……..OBTAIN
6. END OF CHECKLIST

TAKE OFF
1. GYROS……………………………………………………...RWY HEADING
2. THROTTLE…………………….…………...……………………..2000 RPM
3. ENGINE PARAMETERS….……………..…………………………..CHECK
4. BRAKES………………...………………….………………………RELEASE
5. THROTTLE………………………………..….………...…FULL FORWARD
6. POWER…………………………………………………………….2550 RPM
7. 40 KNOTS………………………………………………..…CROSS CHECK
8. ROTATE………………………………………………………...……..…65KT
9. POSITIVE CLIMB……….………….…………..…………BRAKES APPLY
10. 200FT AGL…………………………………....SPEED CHECK FLAPS UP
11. 500 FT AGL………………………………………………..SAFE ALTITUDE
12. END OF CHECKLIST
 ENROUTE CLIMB (1500FT AGL)
1. AIR SPEED……………………………………………………….70-85 KIAS
2. THROTTLE………………………………………………..FULL FORWARD
3. MIXTURE……………………………………...ADJUSTED AS REQUIRED
4. LANDING/ TAXI LIGHTS……………………..………………...……….OFF
5. END OF CHECKLIST

CRUISING
1. POWER 2100-2300 RPM (NO MORE THAN 75% RECOMMENDED)
2. MIXTURE……………..................................................................ADJUST
3. ALTITUDE……………………………………………….CHECK ALTITUDE
4. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS….……………..…………………………CHECK
5. HEADING INDICATOR……………………………..………………..RESET
6. END OF CHECKLIST

DESCENT
1. TRAFFIC/CLEARANCE…………………………………………….OBTAIN
2. FUEL SELECTOR VALVE…………………………………………….BOTH
3. THROTTLE…………………………………………………..AS REQUIRED
4. CARBURETOR HEAT….…………………………..………………….COLD
5. ALTIMETER SETTING…………………………………………………..SET
6. END OF CHECKLIST

BEFORE LANDING
1. FUEL SELECTOR VALVE……………………………………………..BOTH
2. BRAKES……………………………………………………………….CHECK
3. PILOT AND PASSENGER SEAT…………..MOST UPRIGHT POSITION
4. BELTS/HARNESS........................................................................CHECK
5. LANDING/ TAXI LIGHTS……………………..………………...………...ON
6. CARBURETOR HEAT….…………………………..………………….COLD
7. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS….……………..…………………………CHECK
8. AIR SPEED……………………………………………………….70-80 KIAS
9. WING FLAPS………………………………………………..AS REQUIRED
10. END OF CHECKLIST

AFTER LANDING
1. RUNWAY……….……………………...………………..CLEAR AND STOP
2. FLAPS………………………………….…………………………………...UP
3. LANDING LIGHTS……………………………..………………………...OFF
4. TRANSPONDER………………………...…………………….…STAND BY
5. TAXI LIGHT………………………………………………………………...ON
6. CLEARANCE…………………....………………….………………..OBTAIN
7. END OF CHECKLIST

STOPPING ENGINE
1. BRAKES.....………………….…………….……………………………...SET
2. COM……………………………...……………………..…………………SET
3. THROTTLE………………………………………………………..1000 RPM
4. RADIOS, GPS AND SQUAK.............................................................OFF
5. AVIONICS MASTER…………………………….……………………….OFF
6. MIXTURE ........................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF
7. MAGNETOS......................................................................................OFF
8. LIGHTING SYSTEM…………….………………………………...…….OFF
9. MASTER SWITCH............................................................................OFF
10. END OF CHECKLIST

EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF RUN

1. THROTTLE….....................................................................................IDLE
2. BRAKES..........................................................................................APPLY
3. WING FLAPS……………………………………………………....RETRACT
4. MIXTURE...........................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF
5. IGNITION SWITCH.............................................................................OFF
6. MASTER SWITCH..............................................................................OFF

ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKE OFF

1. AIR SPEED..................................................................65 KIAS FLAPS UP
60 KIAS FLAPS DOWN
2. MIXTURE............................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF
3. FUEL SELECTOR................................................................................OFF
4. IGNITION.............................................................................................OFF
5. WING FLAPS……………….…………………………………AS REQUIRED
6. MASTER SWITCH...............................................................................OFF
7. CABIN DOORS...........................................................................UNLATCH
8. LAND…………...……………………………………………STRAIGHT HEAD

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (RESTART PROCEDURES)

1. AIR SPEED..................................................................65 KIAS FLAPS UP
60 KIAS FLAPS DOWN
2. CARBURETOR HEAT.............................................................................ON
3. FUEL SELECTOR VALVE……………………………………………….BOTH
4. MIXTURE............................................................................................RICH
5. IGNITION SWITCH ...................................................BOTH( OR START IF
PROPELLER STOPPED)
6. FUEL PUMP............................................................................................ON

EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER

1. PASSENGER SEAT BACKS........................MOST UPRIGHT POSITION
2. SEATS AND SEAT BELTS..…………..........................................SECURE
3. AIRSPEED ..............................................................65 KIAS ( FLAPS UP)
60 KIA ( FLAPS DOWN)
4. MIXTURE….........................................................................IDLE CUT OFF
5. FUEL SELECTOR VALVE...................................................................OFF
6. IGNITION SWITCH..............................................................................OFF
7. WING FLAPS...............................AS REQUIRED (30°RECOMMENDED)
8. MASTER SWITCH.........................OFF (WHEN LANDING IS ASSURED)
9. DOORS………………....................UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCH DOWN
10. TOUCHDOWN…………….....................................SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
11 BRAKES……………….................................................APPLY HEAVILY
12. END OF PROCEDURE

PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER

1. PASSENGER SEAT BACKS….....................MOST UPRIGHT POSITION
2. SEATS AND SEAT BELTS..........................................................SECURE
3.AIRSPEED......................................................................................70 KIAS
4.WING FLAPS.........................................................................................20°
5. SELECTED FIELD.......................... FLY OVER, NOTING TERRAIN AND
OBSTRUCTIONS, THEN RETRACT FLAPS UPON REACHING A SAFE ALTITUDE
AND AIRSPEED.
6. ELECTRICAL SWITCHES……............................................................ OFF
7. WING FLAPS................................................30°(ON FINAL APPROACH)
8. AIRSPEED.....................................................................................65 KIAS
9. AVIONICS MASTER……….................................................................OFF
10. MASTER SWITCH.............................................................................OFF
11. DOORS………………………........UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
12. TOUCHDOWN.......................................................SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
13. IGNITION SWITCH........................................................................... OFF
14. MIXTURE...........................................................................IDLE CUTOFF
15. BRAKES........................................................................APPLY HEAVILY
16. END OF PROCEDURE

FIRES
DURING START ON GROUND
1.IGNITION SWITCH............................START, CONTINUE CRANKING TO GET A
STAR WHICH WOULD SUCK THE FLAMES AND ACCUMULATED FUEL INTO
THE ENGINE

IF ENGINE STARTS:
2. THROTTLE...........................................1700 RPM FOR A FEW MINUTES
3. ENGINE............................................... SHUTDOWN AND INSPECT FOR
DAMAGE.

IF ENGINE FAILS TO STARTS:

4. THROTTLE......................................................................FULL FORWARD
5. MIXTURE............................................................................IDLE CUT OFF
6. CRANKING...............................................................................CONTINUE
7. FUEL SHUTOFF VALVE.......................................OFF (PULL FULL OUT)
8.FIRE EXTINGUISHER.........................................OBTAIN(HAVE GROUND
ATTENDANTS OBTAIN IF NOT INSTALLED)
9. ENGINE…………..........................................................................SECURE
A. MASTER SWITCH…………....................................................OFF
B. IGNITION SWITCH…………...................................................OFF
10. PARKING BRAKE...............................................................................SET
11. AIRPLANE..............................................................................EVACUATE
12. FIRE...............................................................EXTINGUISH USING FIRE
EXTINGUISHER, WOOL BLANKET, OR DIRT
13. FIRE DAMAGE....................................INSPECT, REPAIR DAMAGE OR
REPLACE DAMAGED COMPONENTS OR WIRING BEFORE CONDUCTING
ANOTHER FLIGHT.
14. END OF PROCEDURE

ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT

1. MIXTURE............................................................................IDLE CUT OFF
2. FUEL SHUTOFF VALVE........................................OFF(PULL FULL OUT)
3. MASTER SWITCH ..............................................................................OFF
4. CABIN HEAT AND AIR......................OFF(EXCEPT OVERHEAD VENTS)
5. AIRSPEED........................................................100 KIAS(IF FIRE IS NOT
EXTINGUISHED, INCREASE
GLIDE SPEED TO FIND AN
AIRSPEED - WITHIN AIRSPEED
LIMITATIONS – WHICH WILL
PROVIDE AN INCOMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE)
6.FORCED LANDING..................................EXECUTE ( AS DESCRIBED IN
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER)
7.END OF PROCEDURE

ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT

1. MASTER SWITCH................................................................................OFF
2. VENTS,CABIN AIR , HEAT...........................................................CLOSED
3. FIRE EXTINGUISHER.....................................ACTIVATE(IF AVAILABLE)
4. AVIONICS MASTER SWITCH..............................................................OFF
5. ALT OTHER SWITCHES ( EXCEPT IGNITION SWITCH)...................OFF
WARNING
AFTER DISCHARGING FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND ASCERTAINING
THAT FIRE HAS BEEN EXTINGUISHED, VENTILATE THE CABIN.
6. VENTS/CABIN AIR/HEAT..................OPEN WHEN IT IS ASCERTAINED
THAT FIRE IS COMPLETELY EXTINGUISHED

IF FIRE HAS BEEN EXTINGUISHED AND ELECTRICAL POWER IS NECESSARY

FOR CONTINUANCE OF FLIGHT TO NEAREST SUITABLE AIRPORT OR
LANDING AREA:
7. MASTER SWITCH……….......................................................................ON
8. CIRCUIT BREAKER……………….……..CHECK FOR FAULTY CIRCUIT,
DO HOT REST.
9. RADIO SWITCHES...............................................................................OFF
10. AVIONICS MASTER SWITCH……......................................................ON
11.RADIO/ELECTRICAL SWITCHES…..................ON ONE AT TIME WITH
DELAY AFTER EACH, UNTIL
SHORT CIRCUIT IS LOCALIZED
12. END OF PROCEDURE

CABIN FIRE
1. MASTER SWITCH……….....................................................................OFF
2. VENTS,CABIN AIR, HEAT...................... CLOSED ( TO AVOID DRAFTS)
3. FIRE EXTINGUISHER….................................ACTIVATE (IF AVAILABLE)
WARNING
AFTER DISCHARGING FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND ASCERTAINING
THAT FIRE HAS BEEN EXTINGUISHED, VENTILATE THE CABIN.
4. VENTS/CABIN AIR/HEAT .................OPEN WHEN IT IS ASCERTAINED
THAT FIRE IS COMPLETELY EXTINGUISHED
5. LAND THE AIRPLANE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE TO INSPECT FOR DAMAGE.
6. END OF PROCEDURE

WING FIRE
1. LANDING/TAXI LIGHT SWITCHES…..................................................OFF
2. NAVIGATION LIGHT SWITCH….........................................................OFF
3. STROBE LIGHT SWITCH…….............................................................OFF
4. PITOT HEAT SWITCH.........................................................................OFF
NOTE
PERFORM A SIDESLIP TO KEEP THE FLAMES AWAY FROM THE FUEL TANK
AND CABIN. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE USING FLAPS ONLY AS REQUIRED
FOR FINAL AND TOUCHDOWN
5. END OF PROCEDURE.
STATIC SOURCE BLOCKAGE
(ERRONEOUS INSTRUMENT READING SUSPECTED)
1. STATIC PRESSURE ALTERNATE…………….........................PULL ON
2. AIRSPEED ...................................................CONSULT APPROPRIATE
CALIBRATION TABLES IN SECTION 5.
3. END OF PROCEDURE

LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE

1. APPROACH.................................................................................NORMAL
2. WING FLAPS.........................................................................................30°
3. TOUCHDOWN.............................GOOD MAIN FIRST, HOLD AIRPLANE
OFF FLAT TIRE AS LONG AS POSSIBLE
WITH AILERON CONTROL.
4. DIRECTIONAL CONTROL.........................MAINTAIN USING BRAKE ON
GOOD WHEEL AS REQUIRED.
5. END OF PROCEDURE

LANDING WITH A FLAT NOSE TIRE

1. APPROACH……….......................................................................NORMAL
2. FLAPS…………..................................................................AS REQUIRED
3. TOUCHDOWN..............................ON MAINS, HOLD NOSE WHEEL OFF
THE GROUND AS LONG AS POSSIBLE.
4. WHEN NOSE WHEEL TOUCHES DOWN, MAINTAIN FULL UP ELEVATOR AS
AIRPLANE SLOWS TO STOP.
5. END OF PROCEDURE

OTHER EMERGENCIES
WINDSHIELD DAMAGE
IF A BIRD STRIKE OR OTHER INCIDENT SHOULD DAMAGE THE WINDSHIELD
IN FLIGHT TO THE POINT OF CREATING AN OPENING, A SIGNIFICANT LOSS
IN PERFORMANCE MAY BE EXPECTED. THIS LOSS MAY BE MINIMIZED SOME
CASES (DEPENDING ON AMOUNT OF DAMAGE, ALTITUDE, ETC.) BY
OPENING THE SIDE WINDOWS WHILE THE AIRPLANE IS MANEUVERED FOR
A LANDING AT THE NEAREST AIRPORT. IF AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE OR
OTHER ADVERSE CONDITIONS PRECLUDE LANDING AT AN AIRPORT,
PREPARE FOR AN "OFF AIRPORT" LANDING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER OR DITCHING
CHECKLISTS.
END OF PROCEDURE.

ABNORMAL PROCEDURES

LANDING WITHOUT ELEVATOR CONTROL

TRIM FAR HORIZONTAL FLIGHT (WITH AN AIRSPEED OF APPROXIMATELY 65
KL AS AND FLAPS SET TO 20º BY USING THROTTLE AND ELEVATOR TURN
CONTROLS. THEN DO NOT CHANGE THE ELEVATOR TRIM CONTROL
SETTING; CONTROL THE GLIDE ANGLE BY ADJUSTING POWER
EXCLUSIVELY.
END OF PROCEDURE.

EMERGENCY OPERATION IN CLOUDS TOTAL VACUUM SYSTEM FAILURE

IF BOTH THE VACUUM PUMPS FAIL IN FLIGHT, THE DIRECTIONAL INDICATOR
AND ATTITUDE INDICATOR WILL BE DISABLED, AND THE PILOT WILL HAVE
TO RELY ON THE TURN COORDINATOR IF THE INADVERTENTLY FLIES INTO
CLOUDS. LF AN AUTOPILOT INSTALLED, IT TOO MAY BE AFFECTED. REFER
TO SECTION 9, SUPPLEMENTS, FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS CONCERNING
AUTOPILOT OPERATION. THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS ASSUME THAT
ONLY THE ELECTRICALLY POWERED TURN COORDINATOR IS OPERATIVA,
AND THAT THE PILOT IS NOT COMPLETELY PROFICIENT IN INSTRUMENT
FLYING. END OF PROCEDURE.

TURN IN CLOUDS A 180º TURN IN CLOUDS

UPON INADVERTENTLY ENTERING THE CLOUDS. AN 1MMEDIATE PLAN
SHOULD BE MADE TO TUM BACK AS FOLLOWS:
1. NOTE LHE COMPASS HEADING.
2. USING THE CLOCK INITIATES A STANDARD RATE LEFT TURN,
HOLDING
THE TURN COORDINATOR SYMBOLIC AIRPLANE WING OPPOSITE THE
LOWER LEFT INDEX MARK FOR 60 SECONDS. THEN ROLL BACK TO
LEVEL FLIGHT BY LEVELING THE MINIATURE AIRPLANE.
3. CHECK ACCURACY OF LHE TUM BY OBSERVING THE COMPASS
HEADING WHICH SHOULD BE THE RECIPROCAL OF THE ORIGINAL
HEADING
4. IF NECESSARY ADJUST HEADING PRÍMARITY WITH SKIDDING
MOTIONS RATHER THAN ROLFING MOTIONS SO THAT THE COMPASS
WILL READ MORE ACCURATELY.
5. MAINTAIN ALTITUDE AND AIRSPEED BY CAUTIOUS APPLICATION OF
ELEVATOR CONTROL. AVOID OVER, CONTROLLING BY KEEPING THE
HANDS OFF THE CONTROL WHEEL AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE AND
STEERING ONLY WITH RUDDER.
6. END OF PROCEDURE.

EMERGENCY DESCENT THROUGH CLOUDS

IF CONDITIONS PREVENT RETURN TO VFR FLIGHT USING A 180º TURN, A
DESCENT THROUGH A CLOUD DECK TO VFR CONDITIONS MAY BE
APPROPRIATE. IF POSSIBLE, OBTAIN RADIO CLEARANCE FOR AN
EMERGENCY DESCENT THROUGH CLOUDS. TO GUARD AGAINST A SPIRAL
DIVE, CHOOSE AN EASTERLY OR WESTERLY HEADING TO MINIMIZE
COMPASS CARD SWINGS DUE TO CHANGING BANK ANGLES. IN ADDITION,
KEEP HANDS OFF THE CONTROL WHEEL AND STEER A STRAIGHT COURSE
WITH RUDDER CONTROL BY MONITORING THE TUM COORDINATOR.
OCCASIONALLY CHECK THE COMPASS HEADING AND MAKE MINOR
CORRECTIONS TO HOLD AN APPROXIMATE COURSE. BEFORE DESCENDING
INTO THE CLOUDS, SET UP A STABILIZED LETDOWN CONDITION AS
FOLLOWS:
1. APPLY A FULL RICH MIXTURE.
2. REDUCE POWER TO SET UP A 500 TO 800 FT/MIN RATE OF DESCENT.
3. ADJUST THE ELEVATOR TRIM FOR A STABILIZED DESCENT AT 70-80
KIAS.
4. KEEP HANDS OFF THE CONTROL WHEEL
5. MONITOR TUM COORDINATOR AND MAKE CORRECTIONS BY RUDDER
ALONE.
6. CHECK THE TREND OF COMPASS CARD MOVEMENT AND MAKE
CAUTIONS CORRECTIONS WITH RUDDER TO STOP THE TUM.
7. UPON BREAKING OUT OF CLOUDS, RESUME NORMAL CRUISING
FLIGHT.
8. END OF PROCEDURE.

RECOVERY FROM SPIRAL DIVE IN THE CLOUDS

IF A SPIRAL IS ENCOUNTERED IN THE CLOUDS, PROCEED AS FOLLOWS:
1. RETARD THROTTLE TO IDLE POSITION.
2. STOP THE TURN BY USING COORDINATED AILERON AND RUDDER
CONTROL TO ALIGN THE SYMBOLIC AIRPLANE IN THE TURN
COORDINATOR WITH THE HORIZON REFERENCE LINE.
3. CAUTIOUSLY APPLY ELEVATOR BACK PRESSURE TO SLOWLY
REDUCE
THE AIRSPEED TO 80 KIAS.
4. ADJUST THE ELEVATOR TRIM CONTROL TO MAINTAIN AN 80 KIAS
GLIDE.
5. KEEP HANDS OFF THE CONTROL WHEEL, USING RUDDER CONTROL
TO HOLD A STRAIGHT HEADING.
6. CLEAR ENGINE OCCASIONALLY, BUT AVOID USING ENOUGH POWER
TO DISTURB THE TRIMMED GLIDE
7. UPON BREAKING OUT OF CLOUDS, RESUME NORMAL CRUISING
FLIGHT.
8. END OF PROCEDURE.

INADVERTENT FLIGHT INTO ICING CONDITIONS

FLIGHT INTO ICING CONDITIONS IS PROHIBITED AND EXTREMELY
DANGEROUS. AN INADVERTENT ENCOUNTER WITH THESE CONDITIONS
CAN BEST BE HANDLED USING CHECK LIST PROCEDURES. THE BEST
PROCEDURE OF COURSE IS TO TUM BACK OR CHANGE ALTITUDE TO
ESCAPE ICING CONDITIONS.
DURING THESE ENCOUNTERS, AN UNEXPLAINED LOSS IN ENGINE SPEED
COULD BE CAUSED BY ICE BLOCKING THE AIR INTAKE FILTER, OR, IN
EXTREMELY RARE INSTANCES, ICE COMPLETELY BLOCKING THE FUEL
INJECTION AIR REFERENCE TUBES. IN EITHER CASE, THE THROTTLE
SHOULD BE POSITIONED TO OBTAIN MAXIMUM RPM (IN SORNE INSTANCES,
THE THROTTLE MAY NEDD TO BE RETARDED FOR MAXIMUM POWER). THE
MIXTURE SHOULD THEN BE ADJUSTED, AS REQUIRED, TO OBTAIN
MAXIMUM RPM.
END OF PROCEDURE.

STATIC SOURCE BLOCKED

IF ERRONEOUS READINGS OF THE STATIC SOURCE INSTRUMENTS
(AIRSPEED ALTIMETER AND VERTICAL SPEED) ARE SUSPECTED, THE
STATIC PRESSURE ALTERNATE SOURCE VALVE SHOULD BE PULLED ON,
THEREBY SUPPLYING STATIC PRESSURE TO THESE INSTRUMENTS FROM
THE CABIN. WHEN USING THE ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE, REFER TO THE
ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE AIRSPEED CALIBRATION TABLE IN SECTION 5,
PERFORMANCE, FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
MAXIMUM AIRSPEED AND ALTIMETER VARIATION FROM NORMAL IS 4
KNOTS AND 30 FEET OVER THE NORMAL OPERATING RANGE WITH THE
WINDOW(S) CIOSED. SEE SECTION 5, PERFORMANCE, FOR ADDITIONAL
AIRSPEED CALIBRATION DATA.
END OF PROCEDURE.

SPINS
SHOULD AN INADVERTENT SPIN OCCUR,THE FOLLOWING RECOVERY
PROCEDURE SHOULD BE USED:
1. RETARD THROTTLE TO IDLE POSITION.
2. PLACE AILERONS IN NEUTRAL POSITION.
3. APPLY ANO HOLD FULL RUDDER OPPOSITE TO THE DIRECTION OF
ROTATION.
4. JUST AFTER THE RUDDER REACHES THE STOP, MOVE THE CONTROL
WHEEL BRISKLY FORWARD FAR ENOUGH TO BREAK THE STALL.
FULL DOWN ELEVATOR MAY BE REQUIRED AFT CENTER OF GRAVITY
LOADINGS TO ASSURE OPTIMUM RECOVERIES.
5. HOLD THESE CONTROL INPUTS UNTIL ROTATION STOPS.
PREMATURA
RELAXATION OF THE CONTROL INPUTS MAY EXTEND THE
RECOVERY.
6. AS ROTATIONS STOPS, NEUTRALIZE RUDDER, ANO MAKE A SMOOTH
RECOVERY FROM THE RESULTING DIVE
7. END OF PROCEDURE.

NOTE
IF DISORIENTATION PRECLUDES A VISUAL DETERMINATION OF THE
DIRECTION OF ROTATION, THE SYMBOLIC AIRPLANE IN THE TURN
COORDINATOR MAY BE REFERRED TO FOR THIS INFORMATION.

ENGINE-DRIVEN FUEL PUMP FAILURE

FAILURE OF THE ENGINE-DRIVEN FUEL PUMP WILL RESULT IN AN
IMMEDIATE LOSS OF ENGINE POWER, SIMILAR TO FUEL EXHAUSTION OR
STARVATION, BUT WHILE OPERATING FROM A FUEL TANK CONTAINING
ADEQUATE FUEL. A SUDDEN REDUCTION IN INDICATED FUEL FLOW WILL
OCCUR JUST BEFORE LOSS OF ENGINE POWER.

IF THE ENGINE-DRIVEN FUEL PUMP FAILS, IMMEDIATELY SET THE

AUXILIARY FUEL PUMP SWITCH (FUEL PUMP) TO THE ON POSITION TO
RESTORE ENGINE POWER.THE FLIGHT SHOULD BE TERMINATED AS SOON
AS PRACTICAL AND THE ENGINE-DRIVEN FUEL PUMP REPAIRED.
END OF PROCEDURE.

EXCESSIVE FUEL VAPOR INDICATIONS

EXCESSIVE FUEL VAPOR IS MOST LIKELY TO BE GENERATED DURING
GROUND OPERATIONS WHEN OPERATING AT HIGHER ALTITUDES, IN
UNUSUALLY WARM TEMPERATURAS OR WITH MORE VOLATILE FUEL
BLENDS. OPERATION AT OR NEAR IDLE RPM (LOW FUEL FLOW) FOR
EXTENDED PERIODS WILL INCREASE THE CHANCES OF FUEL VAPOR
GENERATION. (SEE "LEANING FOR GROUND OPERATIONS· SECTION 4.)

INDICATED FUEL FLOW THAT IS NOT STABLE (SUDDEN CHANGES GREATER

THAN 1GAL/HR) IS A SIGN THAT FUEL VAPOR MAY BE PRESENT IN THE
SYSTEM. FUEL FLOW INDICATIONS THAT BECOME LESS STABLE
(INCREASING CHANGAS) MAY LEAD TO POWER SURGES AND POWER LOSS
IF NOT CORRECTED.

IF IN-FLIGHT VAPOR IS SUSPECTED, SMOOTHER ENGINE OPERATION MAY

RESULT FROM MAKÍNG THE FOLLOWING CHANGAS (SINGLY OR
TOGETHER): SET THE AUXILIARY FUEL PUMP TO THE ON POSITION, LEAN
THE MIXTURE FOR SMOOTH ENGINE OPERATION AND SELECT ANOTHER
FUEL TANK. INCREASING THE AIRSPEED TO PROVIDE MORE AIR FLOW
THROUGH THE COUNTING WILL AID IN COOLING THE ENGINE AND FUEL
SYSTEM COMPONENTS.
END OF PROCEDURE.