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Lab 2 (Topic 9)

The document discusses the results of an experiment measuring strain on a beam under increasing bending moments. It finds that strain increases linearly with bending moment and is proportional to position on the beam. Readings on opposite sides of the beam section should be identical but were slightly different, possibly due to defects in the beam or non-uniform density affecting accuracy. In conclusion, the experiment validated that strain increases with bending moment and is proportional to position as predicted by theory.

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diva nathan
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© © All Rights Reserved
255 views

Lab 2 (Topic 9)

The document discusses the results of an experiment measuring strain on a beam under increasing bending moments. It finds that strain increases linearly with bending moment and is proportional to position on the beam. Readings on opposite sides of the beam section should be identical but were slightly different, possibly due to defects in the beam or non-uniform density affecting accuracy. In conclusion, the experiment validated that strain increases with bending moment and is proportional to position as predicted by theory.

Uploaded by

diva nathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Results

Graf for experiment 1


Discussions
a) What is the relationship between the bending moment and the strain at the various positions?
- From the graph of strain vs bending moment and the strain vs position, it can be noted that
when the bending moment increases, the strain at various positions will also increases. The
bending moment is directly proportional to the strain.

– eq2

Eq1 = Eq2,

M or ( )

For ( ) , which is describing the graph of the strain, vs bending moment, M where
y is the position of the gauge number on the beam, E is the young’s modulus and I is the
second moment of the area of the beam. For ( ) , which is describing the graph of
strain, vs various position, y where M is the bending moment, E is the young’s modulus
and I is the second moment of area of the beam. Since both the graphs have the linear
functions, both the graphs will have a line of best fit. For the gauge number from 1 to 5,
there are increasing of strain in term of negative values of they are compressed by
compressive stress whereas for gauge number from 6 to 9, there are increasing of strain in
term of positive values when bending moment is increasing as they are stretched by the
tensile stress. In short, the value of strain can be in positive and negative value which
depends on the direction of bending moment and in which region, either compressive or
tensile region they are located.
b) What do you notice about the strain gauge readings on opposite sides of the section? Should
they be identical? If the reading are not identical, give two reasons why.
- Based on the data recorded, the strain gauge readings on opposite sides of the section are
almost the same except for the value of strain for gauge number 2 and 3 which has by
difference as the bending moment increases. Theoretically, the strain gauge reading on the
opposite sides of the section should be the same as they are in the same level of position,
same section and experienced the same applied load and bending moment. The reasons of the
reading that are not identical especially for gauge number 2 and 3 may due to defection of
beam as it has been used for many times. Thus, the accuracy of the experiment might be
affected due to the particle in the beam which has undergoing same changes after so many
times of experiment. Besides, the density of the beam which is not of evenly distributed or
the beam is not homogeneous may affect the results between the theoretical strain and the
experimental strain as the theoretical strain assumed the beam to be homogeneous.

Conclusion
After conducting this experiment, it is found that the strain is directly proportional to the bending
moment. As the bending moment increases, the strain will also increase. Also, the strain will
give the same value for different position on the same level the same section of beam under same
applied load, stress and bending moments. Besides, the stress and the strain magnitude will be
increased when the applied load is increasing for various positions on the beam. The negative
values of strain show that the gauge number in that region is being compressed whereas a
positive value of strain shows that the gauge number in that region is being stretched. To
overcome the problems, the beam should be checked by lab assistant periodically to ensure that
the beam is function properly so that , more accurate experimental results can be obtained.

References
1. Hibbeler, R.C., 2011, “Mechanics of Materials”, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall.
2. https://ocw.nthu.edu.tw/ocw/upload/8/254/chapter_5_98
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_moment_of_area
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRhB0_npsOc

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