Quiz 5: Chapter 4

1. The nucleus of eukaryotic cells:  

        a. contains the DNA of the cells. *

       b. contains the nucleoids.
       c. is where proteins that will be secreted from cells are synthesized.
  d. is where water is nucleated as it combines with carbon dioxide to make     glucose
using light energy.
   e. is where proteins that are denatured and no longer functional are broken down.

2. The inner membranes of mitochondria:

   a. are where photosynthesis takes place.

   b. are where glycolysis takes place.
   c. are where the proteins of the electron transport chain are located.*
   d. are unusual in that they are not lipid bilayers.
   e. are where glucose is converted directly to carbon dioxide.

3. Which of the following pairs correctly pairs the type of microscope you would use to the
biological question?
a. Scanning electron microscope – What is the shape of the bacteria in a sample? * 
b. Transmission electron microscope – How fast does a flagellum spin?
c. The unaided eye – What is the shape of cellular organelles?
d. A light microscope – What is the shape of the protein lactase?
e. A light microscope – Where are ribosomes located in plant cells?

4. Evidence in support of endosymbiosis for the evolutionary origin of chloroplasts and

mitochondria includes:

a. the lack of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

b. the fact that both mitochondria and chloroplasts process energy in cells.
c. in plants the chloroplasts make the glucose that provides the energy that
mitochondria help convert to ATP for cells.
d. the presence of circular, prokaryotic-like DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts. *
e. the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts in all three domains of life, archaea,
bacteria and eukarya.

5. The cell wall of plants are made of:

a. the protein desmosome.

b. the protein chitin.
c. the carbohydrate cellulose. * 
d. the carbohydrate collagen.
e. glycolipids.
6. Unlike a prokaryote, a eukaryote:

a. can convert the energy in NADH to ATP using the inner mitochondrial membrane. * 
b. can make proteins using ribosomes.
c. stores its genetic material using the order of the nucleotides A, T, G and C in its
nucleic acids.
d. is always unicellular.
e. stores its genetic material in a single circular chromosome.

7. Although the correct answer may have components left out, which of the following
correctly lists parts of a mitochondrion from outside to inside?

a. outer membrane, matrix, inner membrane, innermembrane space

b. matrix, outer membrane, cristae, inner membrane, intermembrane space
c. outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, matrix * 
d. outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, matrix
e. inner membrane, matrix, outer membrane, innermembrane space

8. The space deepest in the interior of a mitochondrion (farthest from the outside of the
mitochondrion) is called:

a. the inner membrane.

b. the outer membrane.
c. the intermembrane space.
d. the matrix. * 
e. the interior space.

9. Which of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic cells, but not prokaryotic cells?

a. They lack organelles that are surrounded by membranes.

b. They have ribosomes.
c. They have multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus. * 
d. They can generate ATP from glucose.
e. Their macromolecules include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.

10. Which of the following would have a cell wall that contains cellulose, but not chitin or
proteoglycans?

a. an animal cell
b. a prokaryote
c. a plant cell * 
d. the cells of fungi
e. a bacterial cell
11. Mitochondria:

a.  are where photosynthesis takes place. 

b.  are where glycolysis takes place. 
c.  have inner and outer membranes. *
d.  have grana. 
e.  are where the linear chromosomes are usually found.

12. What is the basic unit of all living organisms?

a. the cytoplasm 
b. the organs 
c. the nucleus 
d. the cell*
e. the flagella

13. Which of the following would you find in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

a. mitochondria 
b. nucleic acids *
c. endoplasmic reticulum 
d. circular chromosomes 
e. membrane-bound organelles

14. Evidence supports the theory of endosymbiosis, which is that:

a. proteins and phospholipids work symbiotically with proteins in a fluid mosaic. 

b. all current cells evolved from a common ancestor cell. 
c. chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved when one cell phagocytosed another. *
d. endogonic reactions work symbiotically with exergonic reactions. 
e. the DNA in the nucleus directs eukaryotic cells to make chloroplasts and
mitochondria from the plasma membrane as each cell develops.

15. Which of the following is the smallest?

a. a human 
b. an organelle 
c. a protein 
d. a macromolecule, like DNA 
e. an amino acid*
16. A cell has a flagellum with a rotor at its base that causes the flagellum to rotate instead
of whipping back and forth. This cell is most likely a:

a. eukaryote.
b. a plant cell.
c. a single-celled eukaryote.
d. a cell in a multicellular eukaryote.
e. a prokaryote. *

17. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes have:

a. membrane-bound organelles.
b. cell walls of peptidoglycans. *
c. ribosomes.
d. plasma membranes.
e. many linear chromosomes.

18. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have:

a. membrane-bound organelles. * 
b. cell walls of peptidoglycans.
c. ribosomes.
d. plasma membranes.
e. a single circular chromosome.

19. Which of the following pairs correctly matches the type of microscope you would use to
answer the biological question?

a. Scanning electron microscope – How fast does a flagellum spin? 

b. Transmission electron microscope – What is the shape of cellular organelles? *
c. The unaided eye – What is the shape of the membranes in a chloroplast? 
d. A light microscope – What is the shape of the protein lactase? 
e. A light microscope – Where are ribosomes located in plant cells?

20. Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells, but not eukaryotic cells?

a. They have ribosomes. 

b. Their macromolecules include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. 
c. They have organelles that are surrounded by membranes. 
d. They have chromatin in the nucleus. 
e. They lack membrane-bound organelles. *

21. Chloroplasts:
a. have different DNA from the DNA in the nucleus of a plant cell. *
 b. are where cellular respiration is completed to release the last carbon dioxide from
glucose.
c. contain chlorophyll for converting glucose to carbon dioxide. 
d. are big enough to see without a microscope. 
e. are surrounded by peptidoglycans.

22. Which of the following would require an electron microscope to see it in good detail with
good resolution?

a. egg cells 
b. eukaryotic cells 
c. prokaryotic cells 
d. the membranes in mitochondria *
e. plant cells

23. Ribosome’s:

a. are the ribs of the cytoskeleton, creating the shape of cells. 

b. fold proteins into their final tertiary structures. 
c. synthesize proteins. *
d. are the cell-to-cell junctions that hold cells together with great mechanical strength. 
e. are communicating junctions between plant cells that are continuous channels of
cytoplasm.

24. A single human red blood cell:

a. is about 1 mm in diameter and is easily visible without a microscope. 

b. is about 10 micrometers (m) in diameter, and requires a microscope to see well. *
c. is about 1 micrometer (m) in diameter, and requires a microscope to see well. 
d. is about 10 nanometers (nm) in diameter, and requires a microscope to see well. 
e. is about 1 micrometer (m) in diameter, and is easily visible without a microscope.

25. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both organelles that process chemicals involved in
energy for eukaryotic cells. Unlike mitochondria, chloroplasts:

a. have two membranes, an inner membrane and an outer membrane. 

b. have three membranes, an outer membrane, an inner membrane and thylakoid
membranes. *
c. have a matrix. 
d. evolved by endosymbiosis. 
e. have membranes with many folds that increase surface area

26. By size, a human is to a frog egg (largish cell) like a frog egg is to a(n):
 a. human, which can be seen with the unaided eye. 
b. organelle, which can be seen with a light or electron microscope. *
c. protein, which can be seen with an electron microscope. 
d. hydrogen atom, which is too small to be seen with an electron microscope. 
e. amino acid, which can be seen with an electron microscope.

27. The best way to see where DNA is in a tissue would be to:

a. slice the tissue and look at the tissue with a magnifying glass. 
b. slice the tissue, label with a fluorescent dye that binds DNA and look at the tissue
with a light microscope.*
c. slice the tissue, label it with heavy metals and look at the tissue with a light
microscope.
d. keep the cells intact, label with heavy metals, and look at the tissue with a scanning
electron microscope.
e. keep the cells intact, label with a fluorescent dye that binds DNA, and look at the
tissue with just your eyes, not any special lenses.

28. Chloroplasts: 

a. are found predominantly in cells from multicellular animals. 

b. contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. * 
c. lack DNA of their own because the DNA is in the plant cell nuclei. 
d. have thylakoids that surround the inner membrane. 
e. keep plants from wilting by filling with more water by osmosis to keep the cells
turgid.

29. Mitochondria:

a. evolved from chloroplasts. 

b. have three lipid bilayers. 
c. convert glucose to ATP. *
d. no longer have DNA or ribosomes of their own. 
e. generate ATP directly from light.

30. Plants and protists have cell walls made of:

a. phospholipid bilayers 
b. chitin 
c. proteoglycans 
d. cellulose *
e. plasma membranes
31. Chloroplasts:

a. have outer membranes, inner membranes and grana. * 

b. are where cellular respiration is completed to release the last carbon dioxide from
glucose.
c. contain chlorophyll for converting glucose to carbon dioxide. 
d. are big enough to see without a microscope. 
e. are surrounded by peptidoglycans.

32. Which of the following would you find in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

a. mitochondria 
b. ribosomes *
c. lysosomes 
d. circular chromosomes 
e. nucleoids