STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN

REPORT OF
FOUR STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
(AS PER NBC 206:2015- RESSIDENTIAL BUILDING)
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN BY
Er. …..

Owner
Mr. kampal Poudel

1
Contents

BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................3

CODES AND METHOD FOLLOWED..............................................................................3

SALIENT FEATURES OF BUILDING.............................................................................4

APPLIED LOADS ON THE STRUCTURE.......................................................................5

LOAD PATTERN USED IN THE ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO MASS

SOURCE USED...................................................................................................................6

LOAD COMBINATION.....................................................................................................7

TORSION RATIO CALCULATION.................................................................................8

ANALYSIS RESULT USING ETABS 2016......................................................................9

ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS OUTPUT.................................................................................11

ANALYSIS RESULT CHECK.........................................................................................13

DESIGN OUTPUT FOR BEAM AND COLUMNS USING ETABS 2016 AND IS
456:2002 FOR ABOVE MENTION LOAD COMBINATION..........................................18

SUMMARY OF FINAL DESIGN OUTPUT...................................................................21

1. Column design summary........................................................................................21

2. Beam design summary............................................................................................22

3. Slab reinforcement..................................................................................................23

4. Stair case reinforcement..........................................................................................23

5. Shear wall rebar......................................................................................................23

RESTRAINED REACTION FOR ISOLATED FOUNDATION DESIGN.....................24

FOOTING F1 DESIGN SAMPLE....................................................................................25

References..........................................................................................................................29
 BACKGROUND

Earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the earth and it is one of the most disaster
causing and unpredictable phenomenon of the nature. Earthquake is cause by plate
tectonics movement, volcanic eruptions or manmade explosions, which last for a short
period, usually less than a minute. Larger earthquakes are followed by aftershocks, which
can be dangerous like Nepal 2015 earthquake. Earthquake themselves does not kill
people, but unsafe buildings constructed or build in seismic prone areas can cause loss of
human lives and properties due to destruction of such seismic vulnerable structures.
Nepal witness a massive earthquake of magnitude 7.6 that struck Nepal on 25 April 2015
around 11:50 local time with its epicenter in Gorkha District; it was followed by number
of aftershocks including 6.7 magnitude of earthquake on 26 April 2015 around 1pm. This
earthquake was the most powerful and devastating earthquake which killed many lives
and destroyed many valuable properties. It was a disaster causing earthquake in Nepal
since 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake.

To perform well in earthquake the building should possess qualities like simple and
regular configuration, adequate lateral strength, stiffness and ductility (1893 (Part 1):
2016). Building having regular geometrical configuration and uniformity in plan and
stiffness in plan and elevation perform well during seismic motion than the structural
configuration with irregular configuration in plan or elevation.

CODES AND METHOD FOLLOWED

In Nepal mostly used codes for seismic analysis of building is NBC 105: 1994 and IS
1893: 2016. IS 456: 2000 and IS 13920 (1993) are used for detail design and ductile
detailing of structures.

In order to perform seismic analysis of structure as per above mention codes; based on
building configuration and height two methods are applicable namely

1. Linear static method

In the present case Linear, static method is use using seismic coefficient of 0.09 as
calculated using IS 1893:2016, using formula
In addition, base shear is given by,𝐛 = 𝐀𝐡𝐱𝐖 (IS 1893:2016, clause: 7.2.1)Where,

Ah = design horizontal seismic coefficient.

Z = seismic zoning factor = 0.36 for zone V (IS 1893:2016, Table 3)

I = importance factor for the building =1, for residential building (IS 1893:2016, Table

8) R = Response reduction factor = 5 (IS 1893:2016, Table 9)

Sa
= design acceleration coefficient for different types of soil. ( IS 1893:2016, fig. 2(a))
g

Here, for medium type soil (Type B/ Type II as per Is 1893: 2016, Table 2 or Table 4)
and natural period T.

For structure model as bare frame T = 0.075h0.75 IS 1893:2016, clause: 7.6.2)

Here h = 11.8m, therefor T = 0.4775 sec, thus corresponding to soil type and value of
T fromfigure 2(a) of IS 1893: 2016 (Page no. 13) or from clause 6.4.2 for both static
and
dynamic method Sa = 2.5.
g

The model has also been checked with Response spectrum method for both analysis
and design.

SALIENT FEATURES OF BUILDING

Building type RESIDENTIAL WITH LIMITED COMMERCIAL

USE
Structural system RCC Space frame, ductile moment resisting frame with
infill wall

Plinth area Total plinth area covered(GF) = 709.27 square feet

Size of column Square size as 300 mm x 300 mm (orientation 0°

horizontal)
Size of beam Rectangular size (Main beams): 225 X 425 mm including
slab depth of 125mm (T or L beam action)

Size of secondary beam 230 X 300 mm

Size and type of slab 125 mm thick two-way slab

Type of foundation Isolated footing of overall depth 6’, in absence of soil

report assumed SBC is 150 KN/M2, strap beam of 12”
X 20” in case of eccentric footing in property line

No. of storey Three Storey Building

Total height 38’-9”feet from ground level

Wall 250 mm & 125mm thick brick masonry (1:5 C/S ratio)

Probable partition Considered in this case as 225 x 300 mm

Type of sub-soil : In absence of soil report soil consider here for analysis and
design is Type II (Medium type as per NBC 105)

APPLIED LOADS ON THE STRUCTURE

Parameters Data Unit Remarks

Specific weight of infill wall, brick 18.85 KN/m3 Common burnt brick,
masonry IS 875 (Part 1): 1987

Compressive strength of brick, fb 35 MPa IS: 1077, 1992

(clause 4.1)
Compressive strength of mortar, fmo 10 MPa IS: 1905, 1989
(clause 3.2.1, for
mortar grade H1)
Masonry loads (brick wall load)
1. Without opening 12.72 Assuming 10” wall
2. With opening 9 including plaster.
 3. Inner partition wall(6” with 7.63 30% deduction for
plaster) no opening KN/m opening
4. Inner partition wall(6” with 6
plaster) with opening
Parapet wall load 2.54 KN/m Assuming for 3 feet
high brick masonry
wall of 6”
Floor finish 1.2 KN/m2

Live load on floor 2 KN/m2 IS 875 (Part 2): 1987

Live load on roof 1.5 KN/m2 IS 875 (Part 2): 1987

Live load in not accessible parts 0.75 KN/m2 IS 875 (Part 2): 1987

Live load on balcony 3 KN/m2 IS 875 (Part 2): 1987

Live load on stair case 3 KN/m2 IS 875 (Part 2): 1987

Partition load 1 KN/m2

Water tank load 21 KN Assuming 2000 lit

tank and 100kg for
stand

LOAD PATTERN USED IN THE ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO MASS

SOURCE USED

Self-weight Mass source

Load pattern name Type
multiplier
1
DEAD Dead 1
0.25
Live load on floor<=3 Live 0
0.5
Live load on floor >3 Live 0
0
Live load on roof Live 0
 1
Parapet wall load Super Dead 0
1
Stair case dead load Super Dead 0
1
Partition load Super Dead 0
0.25
Stair case live .load Live 0
1
Water tank load Super Dead 0

Earthquake load in x- N/A

Quake IS 1893:2016
direction
N/A
Earthquake load in y- Quake IS 1893:2016
direction
1
Brick masonary wall Super Dead 0
load (internal and
external)
1
Floor finish Super Dead 0
Soil pressure Below ground
Super Dead 0

LOAD COMBINATION

According to IS 1893:2016, the following Load Combinations are used for analysis of
critical conditions.

Load combination and load factors used as per the IS code 1893: 2016 (Cl 6.3.2.1):

1. 1.5 (DL + LL)

2. 1.2 (DL + LL ± Eqx)
3. 1.2 (DL + LL ±
Eqy) 4. 1.5 (DL ± Eqx)
5. 1.5 (DL ± Eqy)
6. 0.9 DL ± 1.5 Eqx
7. 0.9 DL ± 1.5 Eqy
Where, DL represents dead load. LL represents live load and Eq represents earthquake
load in both x and y direction. Thus in all 13 load combinations are used for analysis.
Along with it, combination with Response Spectrum case is also used in model for
analysis.

TORSION RATIO CALCULATION

Irregular buildings are subjected to torsion during earthquakes due to their irregular mass
distribution stiffness in horizontal or vertical plane. This torsion cause excessive shears in
members that cause damage to the member, therefore study of torsion for irregular
buildings is very important. According to IS 1893:2016, Table 5 (clause 7.1), torsion ratio
should be limited to 1.5 and torsion is said to be excessive if it is greater than 2. Torsion
irregularity ratio can be calculated as with reference to figure as;

Torsion factor in x and y direction = 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 (𝑅1 𝑜𝑟 𝑅2)

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑜 (𝑅1 𝑜𝑟 𝑅2)

R1 R1 R2

R2

Figure1: Displacement due to seismic force in x and y- direction

 ANALYSIS RESULT USING ETABS 2016

Input data for Uni IS 1893:2016

earthquake t
load
calculation
Seismic zone factor Z 0.36 Table 3
Importance factor I 1.0 Table 8
Three STOREY
Height of the Building h 11.68 m
BUILDING
Dimension of Building
Dx 9.76 m
along X -direction
Dimension of Building
Dy 8.21 m
along Y -direction
Time Period of Building
Tx 0.474 Sec. For modeling as bare
along X -direction
frame T= 0.075*h0.75
Time Period of Building
Ty 0.474 Sec. (clause: 7.6.2)
along Y -direction
Time period for mode 1 0.61 Sec. From ETABS
Medium
Soil type Type II Table 2 or Table 4
Type
Design horizontal
Seismic Coefficient Ah 0.09 Clause 6.4.2
along X-direction
Design horizontal
Seismic Coefficient Cy 0.09 Clause 6.4.2
along X-direction
Total Seismic Weight of
the W 2750 KN Clause 7.4.1
Building(DL+0.25LL)
Total Base Shear(Vb)
Vbx 296.9 KN Clause 7.2.1
along X-direction
Total Base Shear(Vb)
Vby 296.9 KN Clause 7.2.1
along Y-direction
Drift max as per IS 1893
at any storey = 0.004
Hence the respective
Maximum drift ratio 0.001834
values in all storey level
are within permissible
limits, hence OK
Maximum top storey
displacement (Max of 20.13 mm
Ex or Ey)
 1.161 According to IS
(in 1893:2016, Table 4,
Maximum torsion ratio
3rdfloor torsion ratio should be
level) limited to 1.5 and torsion
is said to be excessive if it
is greater than 2. Hence
OK

Sum UX and UY - 99.97% Mode 12

-
99.98% Mode 12
ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS OUTPUT

1. 3d
2. Bending Moments, Shear Force and Axial Force
 ANALYSIS RESULT CHECK

1. Input frames
 2. Drift check diagram

Drift ration in x direction = 0.001479 (< 0.004

ok) Drift ration in y direction = 0.001834(< 0.004

ok)

3. Mass irregularity = not present (Regular)

Mass irregularity shall be consider to exist, when the seismic weight of any floor is more
than 150 percent of that of the floor below (IS 1893: 2016, Table 6, clause 7.1).
 4. Stiffness regularity = not present (regular)

A soft storey is a storey whose lateral stiffness is less than that of the above storey (IS
1893: 2016, Table 6, clause 7.1).

5. Crack Section Analysis

As per IS 1893 (part 1): 2016 code covered the cracked section analysis, so the stiffness
modifier and permissible drift limit are calculated using IS 1893 (part 1):2016 documents.
When analyzing a special moment frame, it is important to appropriately model the
cracked stiffness of the beams, columns, and joints, as this stiffness determines the
resulting building periods, base shear, story drifts, and internal force distributions. Table
2 shows the values for the effective, cracked stiffness for each element based on the
requirements of IS 1893 (part 1): 2016, Cl 6.4.3.1.
Table 2: Cracked stiffness modifiers
Element 𝐈𝐞
⁄𝐈𝐠
Beam 0.35
Column 0.7
For our case stiffness modifier for beam and columns are taken 0.35 and 0.7 respectively.

The stiffness of the frame must be sufficient to control the drift of the building at each
story within the limits specified by the building code. The storey drifts are permissible up
to 0.004.

6. Eccentricity

Eccentricity ratio in all diaphragms is considered for 5% during analysis. Eccentricity

percentage is increased if necessary as per required in relation with center of mass and
center of rigidity.
7. Beam/ Column capacity ratio check (all < 1, OK)
8. Interaction diagram (column P-M-M interaction ratio, all below 1, okay)
9. DESIGN OUTPUT FOR BEAM AND COLUMNS USING ETABS 2016
AND IS456:2002 FOR ABOVE MENTION LOAD COMBINATION
 SUMMARY OF FINAL DESIGN OUTPUT

1. Column design summary

Column size
Re-bars detail for ground Re-bars detail for First Re-bars detail for Second
and
floor Floor Floor
designations

Column C1
4-16 Dia Bar 8-12 Dia,
(300 X 300 8-16 Dia Bar
4-12 Dia Bar 8-12 Dia Bar
mm)

Column C2
4-20 Dia Bar 4-20 Dia Bar
(300 X 300 8-16 Dia Bar
4-16 Dia Bar 4-16 Dia Bar
mm)

Column C3
2-20 Dia Bar 4-16 Dia,
(300 X 300 8-16 Dia Bar
8-16 Dia Bar 4-12 Dia Bar
mm)

8 mm dia.
Lateral ties
4- legged lateral ties @100 mm & 150mm c/c at ends & mid height
 2. Beam design summary

FOR GROUND FLOOR LEVEL TO SECOND FLOOR LEVEL

Re-Bars at Support Re-Bars at Mid Span

Floor Beams Top Bottom Top Bottom

Beam (B1) 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars
2-16 dia. Bars
225 x 425 1-16 dia. Bars 1-12 dia. Bars 1-16 dia. Bars 1-12 dia. Bars
mm
Vertical 8 mm dia. vertical 8 mm dia. vertical stirrups@150mm
stirrups stirrups@100mm c/c up to L/4 c/c at mid span
from end of support
FOR THIRD FLOOR LEVEL

Re-Bars at Support Re-Bars at Mid Span

Floor Beams Top Bottom Top Bottom

Beam (all) 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars
2-16 dia. Bars 1-12 dia. Bar
225 x 425 1-12 dia. Bars
mm
3. Slab reinforcement:

Thickness of slab = 125mm

Along Short Span: 10 mm dia. bars@ 175 mm c/c with extra cut pieces up to L/3 from
supports.
Along Long Span: 8 mm dia. bars@ 150 mm c/c with extra cut pieces up to L/3 from
supports.
For all other details, Refer submitted Structural Drawing
It is recommended that the mix design of concrete should be carried out to conform the
desired strength as per IS 456-2000.
 RESTRAINED REACTION FOR ISOLATED FOUNDATION DESIGN

Reaction at base obtain in ETABS 2018, which is use to design foundation.

Summary:

Designation Plan Size Foundation Rebar Remark

Depth
F1 6’-9” X 6’-9” 6’ 12mm both ways Footing depth at
@ 120mmc/c least 1’
F2 5’-9” X 5’-9” 6’ 12mm both ways @ Footing depth at
120mmc/c least 1’
F3 5’-0” X 5’-0” 6’ 12mm both ways Footing depth
@ 120mmc/c at least 1’
For more detail refer structure drawings

22
 FOOTING F1 DESIGN SAMPLE

DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING - SPREADSHEET

AS PER IS 456: 2000

Data: Column no. 1&3

load case 1.5DL+1.5LL
Concrete grade, M 20
Steel grade, Fe 500
Axial load, kN 536.1
kN
My, kNm 3.227
kNm
Mz, kNm 3.69
kNm
Column size, b 300
mm
Column size, d 300
150 mm
SBC of soil, kN/m2
1.5 kN/m2
Design factor

Pressure: Axial load 536.1 kN

App. Self weight 53.61 kN
Total weight 589.71 kN

Area of footing 3.93 m2

size of footing, Bf 1.982776 mt
size of footing, Df 1.99 mt
Projection, b1 0.841 mt
Projection, d1 0.845 mt

Footing Pressure,
Pmax = P/A + My/Zy + Mz/Zz
Pmax 141.16 kN/m2
Pmin = P/A - My/Zy - Mz/Zz
Pmin 130.57 kN/m2

Eccentricity:
Y 1.03 mt
X 0.95 mt
 L 1.982776 mt
2/3 L 1.32 mt

b 1.982776 mt
qu 203.8029 kN/m2
Eff. qu 203.8029 kN/m2
Shear Chk.
One way Shear : At distance d from face of column.
pt assumed 0.25 %
Designed shear
0.36 N/mm2
stress
vu 212.1501
d= 305.45 mm
d provided 320.00 mm

Two way Shear : At distance d/2 from face of column.

Perimeter 2480 mm
S.F. at this section 725.81 kN
Ks 1.00
tc 1.12 N/mm2
tv 0.91 N/mm2
Resistance 887.27 N/mm2 Safe

Flexure design:

For section efbg

pressure@f 135.52 kN/m2
pressure@b 141.16 kN/m2
Moment@eg. Meg 72.14 kNm
Mu 108.21 kNm
d provided 320.00 mm
Mu/bd2 1.06 N/mm2
pt 0.260 %
pt provided 0.260
Ast 831.7 mm2/m width
provide 12# @120c/c
Ast Provided 848 mm2/m width

Check in other direction :

For section abcd
pressure@b 141.16 kN/m2
pressure@c 136.21 kN/m2
Moment@ad, Mad 72.76 kNm
Mu 109.14 kNm
d req 202.54 mm
M/bd2 1.07
pt 0.262 %
Ast 839 mm2/m width
provide 12# @120c/c
Ast provided 848 mm2
For cantilever and secondary beam connection sample

Cantilever beam
The site supervisions & quality test of the different constructions
materials of the proposed building do not undertaken by the structural
engineer (herein the Designer). Hence any failure or error occurred
with the building due to the non – implementation of the
recommendations made in this report and structural drwg. Or due to
improper construction will not be the responsibility of the Structural
Engineer.

The structural analysis has been completed on the assumptions that the
proposed building shall be constructed under the proper supervisions of
skilled technical person.

In addition, the structural engineer will not responsible for sub soil
explorations at the site. The foundation design has been completed only
based on the condition of soil strata up to one meter depth at the site of
the concerned building.
 References

1) Jain, A.K- R.C.CLimitState Design, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
2) Shah & Kale- R.C.C Design, Macmillan India Limited

3) Ashok k. Jain- Advanced Structural Analysis, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990

4) S.S. Bhavikati-Structural Analysis- II, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

5) V.N. Vazirani- Analysis of Structures-II, Khanna Publishers

6) S. Ramamrutham-Theory of Structures, DhanpatRai Publishing Company

Codes
1) I.S. 456-2000 -Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
2) I S. 456-1978 -Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete ( S.P.-16 )
3) S.P.34-1987 - Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
4) I S 1893-2003 -Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structure
5) NBC 105:1994, Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
6) NBC 1994 FOR Ductile Detailing for RCC Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
7) I S 13920-1993 -Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected
to Seismic forces

8) I S 875-1987 -Code of practice for Design Loads for Buildings and

Structures Part 1- Dead Loads

Part 2- Imposed Loads

Er. ……………….