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Hubs1105 Abdominal Walls

1. The abdominal wall has three layers of muscles - external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis - that act to stabilize the spine and compress the abdominal cavity. It also contains the vertically oriented rectus abdominis muscles. 2. The main posterior wall muscles are the psoas major and iliacus which flex the hip, and the quadratus lumborum which stabilizes rib 12. 3. The abdominal muscles play an important role in core stability, supporting the spinal column, and forced expiration through actions like coughing or sneezing.

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Chloe Heuchan
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57 views3 pages

Hubs1105 Abdominal Walls

1. The abdominal wall has three layers of muscles - external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis - that act to stabilize the spine and compress the abdominal cavity. It also contains the vertically oriented rectus abdominis muscles. 2. The main posterior wall muscles are the psoas major and iliacus which flex the hip, and the quadratus lumborum which stabilizes rib 12. 3. The abdominal muscles play an important role in core stability, supporting the spinal column, and forced expiration through actions like coughing or sneezing.

Uploaded by

Chloe Heuchan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HUBS1105 ABDOMINAL WALLS 29/4/19

Learning Objectives

1. Identify and correctly name the muscles that make up the abdominal wall

Bony perimeter: Lumbar vertebrae , Iliac crests, Ribs 11 & 12, Costal cartilage, Xiphoid process

• Muscular elements held together with thick fascia and tendinous sheets – Mostly for posture and compression of
abdominal cavity
• Posterior wall: – Predominantly hip flexors
• Lateral walls: – Three layers of obliquely oriented mm
• Anterior wall: – Vertically arranged rectus abdominis extending from thorax to pelvis

Prevertebral: Posterior medial abdominal wall

Main Muscles of the


Posterior Abdominal
Wall

Psoas major & Iliacus:

- T12-L5
- Flex hip joint

Quadratus
lumborum:
- Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and iliac crest – RIB12
- Stabilises RIB12

Muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall

- External oblique: superficial layer


- Internal oblique: middle layer, fibres at 90 degrees to external oblique
- Transverse abdominis: deepest layer, corset like

Oblique muscles

External oblique – Most superficial –


Aponeurosis covers abdominal wall

Internal oblique – Intermediate mm –


Thinner & smaller
2. Describe the main origins, insertions and actions of these muscles

Transverse abdominis

- Origin: from iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and ribs 6-12,


Insertion: pubis symphysis and linea alba
- Deepest laye, acts like a corset, very important for stabilizing the
lumbar spine, preventing back pain
- Deepest flat muscle, transverse fibres

3. Describe the role the abdominal muscles play in core stability, support of the spinal column and forced
expiration

Anterior abdominal wall: Rectus abdominis = paired muscle, Flexes trunk, Surrounded by rectus sheath

Anterior Abdominal Muscle: Rectus abdominis – Extends length of abdomen – Superiorly oriented fibres –
Dissected by the linea alba & tendinous intersections
Tendinous intersections: Horizontal tendons in the vertical muscle, Result in “six-pack” appearance

4. Identify the:linea alba, tendinous intersections, umbilicus, costal margin, inguinal ligament

Linea Alba: aponeurotic insertions- transverse line, potential


weakness= umbilical region

UMBILICIUS: weakness, pregnancy stretches

Fibre arrangement of anterolateral abdominal wall

Rectus sheath Inguinal ligament

- forms inguinal canal


- Weakness in abdominal
wall- superior origin of
genitals which descend
through the canal (in a
male)
- Potential sites for herniation

Nerve and blood supply

Multisegmental innervation - Inferior thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12) and


nerves arising from L1 (ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric

Abdominal wall and respiration

- Assists in breathing
- intra-abdominal pressure change the volume of the thorax

Inspiration: Relaxation of abdominal wall to


accommodate depression of diaphragm

Expiration: Contracts to assist in elevation of


diaphragm, forceful contraction can expel material
from airways, e.g. coughing/sneezing

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