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Equivalent Force-Couple Systems: Objectives

1) This document discusses equivalent force-couple systems, which replace multiple forces and couples acting on a body with a single equivalent force and couple at a point. 2) Finding an equivalent system allows the overall effect of several loads to be understood more easily. Forces can be moved along their lines of action without changing effect, but moving a force off its line requires adding a couple. 3) Examples show calculating the equivalent force and couple at a point by summing forces and moments, and finding the location of a single equivalent force. Equivalent systems have the same external effect on the body.

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87 views

Equivalent Force-Couple Systems: Objectives

1) This document discusses equivalent force-couple systems, which replace multiple forces and couples acting on a body with a single equivalent force and couple at a point. 2) Finding an equivalent system allows the overall effect of several loads to be understood more easily. Forces can be moved along their lines of action without changing effect, but moving a force off its line requires adding a couple. 3) Examples show calculating the equivalent force and couple at a point by summing forces and moments, and finding the location of a single equivalent force. Equivalent systems have the same external effect on the body.

Uploaded by

Mohamaad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EQUIVALENT FORCE-COUPLE SYSTEMS

Objectives:
Students will be able to:
1) Determine the effect of moving a force.
2) Find an equivalent force-couple system for a system of
forces and couples.

Mechanical Engineering 2012 1


APPLICATIONS

What is the resultant effect on the person’s hand


when the force is applied in four different ways ?
2
APPLICATIONS (continued)

||
We can replace them with just one
Several forces and a
force and one couple moment at
couple moment are
point O that will have the same
acting on this vertical
external effect? How should we
section of an I-beam. 3
do that?
AN EQUIVALENT SYSTEM

When a number of forces and couple moments are acting on a body,


it is easier to understand their overall effect on the body if they are
combined into a single force and couple moment having the same
external effect. The two force and couple systems are called equi-
valent systems since they have the same external effect on the body.
4
MOVING A FORCE ON ITS LINE OF ACTION

Moving a force from A to O, when both points are on the vectors’


line of action, does not change the external effect. Hence, a force
vector is called a sliding vector. (But the internal effect of the
force on the body does depend on where the force is applied).

5
MOVING A FORCE OFF OF ITS LINE OF ACTION

Moving a force from point A to O (as shown above) requires


creating an additional couple moment. Since this new couple
moment is a “free” vector, it can be applied at any point P on the
body.

6
FINDING THE RESULTANT OF A
FORCE AND COUPLE SYSTEM

When several forces and couple moments


act on a body, we can move each force and
its associated couple moment to a common
point O.
Now we can add all the forces and couple
moments together and find one resultant
force-couple moment pair.

7
RESULTANT OF A FORCE AND COUPLE SYSTEM

If the force system lies in the x-y plane (the 2-D case),
then the reduced equivalent system can be obtained
using the following three scalar equations.

8
EXAMPLE

9
10
EXAMPLE

11
12
REDUCING A FORCE-MOMENT TO A
SINGLE FORCE

= =

If FR and MRO are perpendicular to each other, then the system


can be further reduced to a single force, FR , by simply moving
FR from O to P.
In three special cases, concurrent, coplanar, and parallel systems
of forces, the system can always be reduced to a single force.

13
EXAMPLE

Given: A 2-D force and couple


system as shown.
Find: The equivalent resultant force
and couple moment acting at
A and then the equivalent
single force location along
the beam AB.
Plan:
1) Sum all the x and y components of the forces to find FRA.
2) Find and sum all the moments resulting from moving
each force to A.
3) Shift the FRA to a distance d such that d = MRA/FRy
14
EXAMPLE

+  FRx = 25 + 35 sin 30° = 42.5 kN


+  FRy = 20 + 35 cos 30° = 50.31 kN
FR
+ MRA = 2(35 cos30°) + 6(2) – 3(25)
= 105.6 kN.m

FR = ( 42.52 + 50.312 )1/2 = 65.9 kN


 = tan-1 ( 50.31/42.5) = 49.8 °

The equivalent single force FR can be located on the


beam AB at a distance d measured from A.
d = MRA/FRy = 105.6/50.31 = 2.10 m.
15
EXAMPLE
Given: The building slab has four
columns. F1 and F2 = 0.
Find: The equivalent resultant
o force and couple moment
at the origin O. Also find
the location (x,y) of the
single equivalent resultant
force.
Plan:
1) Find FRO = Fi = FRzo k
2) Find MRO =  (ri  Fi) = MRxO i + MRyO j
3) The location of the single equivalent resultant force is given
as x = -MRyO/FRzO and y = MRxO/FRzO
16
EXAMPLE

FRO = {-50 k – 20 k} = {-70 k} kN


o
MRO = (10 i)  (-20 k) + (4 i + 3 j)x(-50 k)
= {200 j + 200 j – 150 i} kN·m
= {-150 i + 400 j } kN·m

The location of the single equivalent resultant force is given as,


x = -MRyo/FRzo = -400/(-70) = 5.71 m
y = MRxo/FRzo = (-150)/(-70) = 2.14 m

17
EXAMPLE

Given: Handle forces F1 and F2 are


applied to the electric drill.
Find: An equivalent resultant
force and couple moment at
point O.
Plan:
a) Find FRO =  Fi

Where, b) Find MRO =  MC +  ( ri  Fi )


Fi are the individual forces in Cartesian vector notation (CVN).
MC are any free couple moments in CVN (none in this example).
Ri are the position vectors from the point O to any point on the line
of action of Fi . 18
SOLUTION

F1 = {6 i – 3 j – 10 k} N
F2 = {0 i + 2 j – 4 k} N
FRO = {6 i – 1 j – 14 k} N
r1 = {0.15 i + 0.3 k} m
r2 = {-0.25 j + 0.3 k} m

MRO = r1  F1 + r2  F2

i j k i j k
MRO = { 0.15 0 0.3 + 0 - 0.25 0.3 } N·m
6 -3 -10 0 2 -4
= {0.9 i + 3.3 j – 0.45 k + 0.4 i + 0 j + 0 k} N·m
= {1.3 i + 3.3 j – 0.45 k} N·m
19

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