Critical Reasoning

01. Even though most universities retain the royalties from faculty members' inventions, the
faculty members retain the royalties from books and articles they write. Therefore, faculty
members should retain the royalties from the educational computer software they develop. The
conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the following were inserted into
the argument as an additional premise?
(A) Royalties from inventions are higher than royalties from educational software programs.
(B) Faculty members are more likely to produce educational software programs than inventions.
(C) Inventions bring more prestige to universities than do books and articles.
(D) In the experience of most universities, educational software programs are more marketable
than are books and articles.

(E) In terms of the criteria used to award royalties, educational software programs are more
nearly comparable to books and articles than to inventions.

Read the following statements and answer questions 02 and 03:

"If there is an oil-supply disruption resulting in higher international oil prices, domestic oil prices
in open-market countries will rise as well, whether such countries import all or none of their oil."
02. If the statement above concerning oil-supply disruptions is true, which of the following
policies in an open-market nation is most likely to reduce the long-term economic impact on that
nation of sharp and unexpected increases in international oil prices?
(A) Maintaining the quantity of oil imported at constant yearly levels
(B) Increasing the number of oil tankers in its fleet
(C) Suspending diplomatic relations with major oil-producing nations

(D) Decreasing oil consumption through conservation

(E) Decreasing domestic production of oil

03. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the statement above?
(A) Domestic producers of oil in open-market countries are excluded from the international oil
market when there is a disruption in the international oil supply.
(B) International oil-supply disruptions have little. If any, effect on the price of domestic oil as
long as an open-market country has domestic supplies capable of meeting domestic demand.
(C) The oil market in an open-market country is actually part of the international oil market. even
if most of that country's domestic oil is usually sold to consumers within its borders.
(D) Open-market countries that export little or none of their oil can maintain stable domestic oil
prices even when international oil prices rise sharply.
(E) If international oil prices rise, domestic distributors of oil in open-market countries will begin
to import more oil than they export

04. In a study of job applicants, two-fifths admitted to being at least a little dishonest. However,
the study may underestimate the proportion of job applicants who are dishonest, because -
A. some dishonest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be honest
B. some generally honest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be
dishonest
C. some people who claimed on the survey to be at least a little dishonest may be very
dishonest
D. some people who claimed on the survey to be dishonest may have been answering honestly

E. some people who are not job applicants are probably at least a little dishonest

05. People should be held accountable for their own behavior, and if holding people accountable
for their own behavior entails capital punishment, then so be it. However, no person should be
held accountable for behavior over which he or she had no control.
Which of the following is the most logical conclusion of the argument above?
A) People should not be held accountable for the behavior of other people.
B) People have control over their own behavior.
c) People cannot control the behavior of other people.

D) Behavior that cannot be controlled should not be punished.

E) People have control over behavior that is subject to capital punishment

06. 06. The income distribution of the richest and poorest 20% of the world shows that it was 32
to 1 in 1970, 45 to 1 in 1980, 61 to 1 in 1990 and 70 to 1 in 2000. This means that -
A. income of both rich and poor increases.
 B. population of poor section increases more than of the rich section.
C. rich people exploit poor people
D. inequality increases

E. global development takes place

07. The quantitative supply of labor (as well as its qualitative composition) depends on the
following variables: the size of the population, its age-sex composition, marital structure and
participation rates in the labor force in accordance with these factors.
Each of the following, if true, could affect the supply of labor EXCEPT:
A. Marital status of females
B. Birth and death rates

C. Number of employment agencies

D. Immigration and emigration
E. Educational level of population

08. It takes one girl 4 days to embroider one shirt and she is paid Tk. 50 per shirt. It takes two
girls to embroider one saree in 56 days and they are paid Tk. 1,000 per saree shared equally. We
can calculate that:
A. One girl can earn more embroidering one shirt after another than working on a saree
continuously.
B. One girl can earn more by embroidering a saree.

C. Two girls work better together.

D. Work is quicker when they work collectively
E. Work is quicker when they work collectively

09. In 1980, global service exports totaled about $370 billion, approximately 20 percent of world
trade. Still, no coherent system of rules, principles, and procedures exists to govern trade in
services. Which of the following best summarizes the argument?
A. Regulatory systems lag behind reality.
B. A regulatory system ought to reflect the importance of service exports.
C. World trade totaled $1850 billion in 1980
D. Service trade legislation is a veritable wasteland.

E. While trade legislation exists, it is uncoordinated.

10. A larger number of newspapers are purchased by the citizens of Dhaka city than those of
Chittagong city. Therefore, the citizens of Dhaka city are better informed about major world
events than those of Chittagong city. Each of the following, it true, weakens the conclusion above
except:
A. Dhaka city has a larger population than Chittagong city.
B. Most citizens of Chittagong city work in Dhaka city and buy newspapers there.
C. The average citizen of Dhaka city spends less time in reading newspapers than does the
average citizen of Chittagong city.
D. A weekly newspaper restricted to the coverage of local events is published in the Dhaka city.
E. The average newsstand price of newspapers sold in Dhaka city is lower than the average
price on newspapers sold in Chittagong city.

11. It is difficult to measure the productivity of service workers. For example, postal workers are
often said to be more productive if they can deliver more letters. What it delivered? The objection
implied above to the productivity measure described is based on doubts about the truth of which
of the following statements?

a) Postal workers are representatives of service workers in general.

b) The delivery of letters is the primary activity of the postal service.
c) The quality of services rendered can appropriately be ignored in computing productivity.
d) Productivity should be ascribed to categories of workers, not to individuals.
e) The number of letters delivered is relevant to measuring the productivity of postal workers.

12. A and B walk at five kilometers speed. C walks at five and a half kilometers speed. D walks at
four and a half kilometers speed. E is slower than B. Which of the following is true?
a) A is the slowest of all
b) B is the speediest of all
c) E is the slowest of all
d) E and A have equal speed.

e) C is the speediest of all.

13. A survey was recently conducted among the high school students of a certain town to
measure the effect of environmental factors on attitudes and behavior, and the results indicated
that students who play a ;minimum of two hours per day of violent video games are more likely
to engage in violent behavior in school and at home. Therefore, playing violent video games
encourages violence among teens. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the
argument above?

a) The same survey was conducted in a neighboring town with similar results.
b) Playing violent video games keeps violent teenagers at home and prevents them from
engaging in publicly aggressive behavior.
c) The survey used a standard question format that did not allow students to produce
responses that could not be interpreted incorrectly.
d) Students who play violent video games often have a history of behavioral issues leading back
to early childhood.
e) The survey was given over a period of days to ensure that all students attending the high
school would participate.

14. World War if had a profound effect on the growth of nascent businesses. The Acme Packaging
Company netted only $10,000 in the year before the War. By 1984 it was earning almost ten
times that figure. Which of the following assumptions applies as the basis for the argument?
A. Acme’s growth rate is representative of other nascent businesses.
B. An annual profit of $10,000 is not especially high.

C. Wars inevitably stimulate a nation’s growth.

D. Rapid growth for nascent businesses is especially desirable.
E. Acme is not characterized by responsible, farsighted managers.
15. Recently in city X, residential developers have stopped buying land, contractors are going
without work or longer periods, and specialty workers such as, electricians are relying more or
less lucrative, existing-home remodeling jobs. There must be fewer new residents moving to City
X than there were previously.
Which of the following, if true, indicates a flaw in the reasoning above?
A. This year several housing developments have gone on the market after being held up for
months by legal red tape.
B. The average size of new home has increases significantly over the past years.
C. The populations of the City X is projected to grow by 4% this year, compared with only 3% for
last year.
D. The cost of materials such as lumber and cement has decreased over the past year.

E. Sales of other big-tickets, such as automobiles and boats, have remained steady over the past
year.