Table of Contents

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1 –INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................3
1.1 Objectives....................................................................................................................................3
1.2 System Specifications..................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................4
EXISTING SYSTEM:.............................................................................................................................4
PROPOSED SYSTEM:...........................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 3 OVERALL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM..............................................8
3.1 Module Description...........................................................................................................................8
AngularJS | filter Filter..............................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 4 – DESIGN...........................................................................................................................14
4.1UML Diagrams:................................................................................................................................15
4.1.1Usecase Diagrams:........................................................................................................................15
4.1.2 Sequence Diagram:......................................................................................................................17
4.1.3 Collaborate Diagram:...................................................................................................................19
4.1.4 System Architecture Diagram:.....................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 5 - OUTPUT SCREENSHOTS..............................................................................................21
CHAPTER 6 – IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS.....................................................................................22
CHAPTER 7- SYSTEM STUDY..............................................................................................................28
CHAPTER 8-TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY.............................................................................................29
CHAPTER 9-SYSTEM TESTING...........................................................................................................32
CHAPTER 10– CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................37
CHAPTER 11- REFERENCES.................................................................................................................38
 Bus Pass Management System Using Android Applications

ABSTRACT

The project entitled “Online Bus Pass Registration / Renewal” is developed using
android. Mobile app provide the solution for student bus pass, route pass and bus
ticket, route information and search pass id for verification of bus pass. Bus pass
registration is useful for students and all passengers to get the bus pass ID, who is
facing problems with the current manual work of bus pass registration and renewal.
His/her renewal or registration can be done through mobile app. In the manual
system the user has to go on particular date and time if they fail then the renewal
cannot be done. This online bus pass registration application will help candidates
to save their time and renewal bus pass without standing in a line for hours near
counters. Initially uses need to register with the application by submitting their
details through online. The administrator will verify the candidate details and if
they are satisfied they will approve bus pass. The candidate can login with their
username and password and renewal is performed
CHAPTER 1 –INTRODUCTION

The rapidly aging population causes long waiting times for taking bus pass.
Diagnosing record of real-time data of each who are all using bus passes, Bus pass
automation would be beneficial for government to implement proper and better
rates for passes and also it would be useful for people who forget to renew their
bus passes. Also taking tickets in an MTC bus is a tedious process now-a-days.
Giving exact change for tickets to a large crowd is also a tedious process for
conductors in the buses. In this paper, we propose a facility to take bus tickets and
bus passes using android mobile application. This system provides a facility for
taking tickets on the go, by just search the Pass ID user can book a ticket and pay
online. This system also provides a facility to remind when the bus pass is about to
expire. The app is also used to take print out of the pass, so that it can be shown to
the conductors who are unfamiliar with android phones. The system is also
provided with digital wallet where the user can load money as a whole and use it in
each buses the user travels.

As technology starts growing we need to update ourselves to current trends and our
upcoming generations looking forward for necessary services in one touch. The
current system of taking tickets in the buses and applying or renewing for bus pass
is a tedious process. It takes long time for taking bus tickets and for bus passes it
involves a long queue in Depo and it is a time consuming process [1]. The current
system of taking tickets for larger crowd leads to stop the bus for long time before
the stage closing for a long time. This increases increase in time delay for
passengers and it hurts more for employees due to time delay in peak hours. Bus
Pass and Ticket Automation System (BPTAS) can be used to book tickets on the
go and can be used to apply/renew the bus pass through smart phone, which helps
all generation people. This system provides connection between government
server, where data is managed and android app, which provides a GUI for the
user[15]. This helps in avoiding bus delay due to ticketing and queues in bus stands
and helps in reminding user about bus pass expiry. In addition, providing a user
tracking facility, this helps to determine how efficiently users use their bus passes
and helps in planning new rates for bus passes.

Today’s world switching to technical world and every system of the technical
world are based on digitalized system. For digitalization and rapid process online
system is required. Now a day’s bus pass generation is done by manually. Todo
rapid work and reduce manual work this online bus pass system is useful. This
system allows getting online information about roots and it also gives current
location facility.For the verification, security and proper authentication it use the
Aadhaar card Number. These systems use the hadoop for analysis and processing
the huge amount of data. In future we can link smart card for the online payment.

This Application is mainly aims to give an effective facility of online bus pass
system. It also uses database to store information about passenger. Bus pass
generation as well as renewal system is provided. It is very useful as it reduces
paper work, time consuming and makes process in simple and faster way. In this
paper, we propose a facility to take bus tickets and bus passes using android mobile
application. This system provides a facility for taking tickets on the go, by just
search the Pass ID user can book a ticket and pay online. Students or Customers
can easily Apply and renew their existing pass by extending their validity of time
when pass expires. This system is intended to develop an application to do
functions like accessing information for authentication and offer pass to particular
person. So, users don’t need to stand in queue for long time. In this paper,
smartphone-based GPS tracking data are targeted. A group of attributes, such as
GPS mapping, are derived to characterize the smartphone holders’ travel status.
By using the advanced technologies it is much easier to bring the entire bus pass
generation to online. It is very easy and also efficient when compare to the old bus
pass generation method. Old method is took very long time and have to maintain
lot of details in physical form. It is very hard to transfer that much of data in
physical form , so it take lot of man power to get the job done. This process is
highly time consuming and more complex. Even though it is very difficult and
time consuming it has lot of drawbacks. The first and main disadvantage is it does
not provide any security options. This is mainly useful for school and college
students and old age peoples. The aim is develop this system for government. So
that it can used by many peoples. These pass are auto renewed or it can renewed in
the online application. Renewed Pass ID can be downloaded from the website.
Busconductor can verify or check the bus pass by just search it from their android
phone or Pass ID scanner. If the pass is valid the it will provide all the route and
basic information about the passenger. If the pass is not valid for duplicate it will
prompt as not valid. So it is easy to prevent fraudulent activities by using this
application.

1.1 Objectives

Bus Pass Management System aim is to provide the information about the services
or manage the bus pass cards and application for each services of user bus pass ID
and it also view and update by the admin of Bus pass management system

1.2 System Specifications

Hardware Requirements:-

 PROCESSOR : Intel Pentium IV 1.8 GHz

 MOTHERBOARD : Intel 915GVSR chipset board
 RAM : 1 GB DDR2 RAM
  HARD DISK DRIVE : 160 GB
 MONITOR : 17” Color TFT Monitor
 KEYBOARD : Multimedia Keyboard 108 Keys
 MOUSE : Logitech Optical Mouse
Software Requirements: -

Software Requirements: -
Front End: HTML5, CSS3, Bootstrap
Back End: PHP, MYSQL
Control End: Angular Java Script

Android Tools:
Android Emulator
xampp-win32-5.5.19-0-VC11
Android SDK - adt-bundle-windows-x86
IDE: Eclipse Mars
jdk-8u66-windows-i586
CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW

[1]Detailed Survey collection on online bus pass generation : In this paper, a

solution for current issue in the buspass generation is discussed. This system
intended to provide a solution for drawbacks in the current system and reduces
paper work and man power. Admin and user has their respective login pages. Then
the user can apply for pass by filling the details in online form and uploading the
proof. Then the proof and form are verified by the admin. If the proof and form
filled by user are valid then a notification is sent to the user. After the user receive
notification he/she can do the payment only authorized sources. Once the payment
is done by the user then pass is generated to the user in online as pass with Aztec
code, in which the information is encoded. The user can download it and use it. If
bus pass is damage, the user can download the temporary pass in online. This
makes user work easy and it takes less time. The conductor scans the code by using
the recommended device for search.

[2] Online Bus Pass Generation System using Web Application: In this paper, the
system has separate logins pagesfor user and the admin person. This system
concentrates on security and confidentiality of the user details, so once the user
register in the website, he /she receives a OTP code to his/her mail, by doing this
the admin can verify whether the user is valid one or not. Then the user enters the
OTP and he/she can login into the website. The user can apply for the pass and do
the online payment or net banking . Once the payment is done and verified by the
admin the pass is generated and sent to the students or users mail. Then the user
can have the softcopy of the pass and he/she can download it and make it as
hardcopy and use it. The user can also renew the bus pass by login into the
website. A notification has been sent to the users registered e-mailif the pass is
about to expire, so he /she can aware of it and renew it.

[3] Digital Bus Pass for Local Buses: In this system, the online bus pass generation
system is a cross platform, it is supported in kind of devices.So one can apply the
bus pass from anywhere easily without any difficulties. As like all other systems it
provides the same functionalities with one additional functionality. The additional
function is tracking, which is for women safety. This system ensures women safety
by keep tracking of women pass users and also the pass, whenever the pass is
scanned or used by women user a message is sent to the guardian of the women
through system with location. Tracking can also be done using this incase of pass
lost or theft.

This is one of the great way to provide security. The conductor who scans the Pass
ID using the search app should login into the website to ensure confidentiality,
whenever the pass is scanned the information are get stored in the database of the
system. The conductor uses the recommended android app for the Pass ID search
and whenever the pass is used or scanned a notification is sent through message for
the card user and for guardian of women users.

Title1: Online Bus pass Generation System using Web Application Author:
S.Famitha, G.Priyanka, M.Vasanthi Our project is created to provide time saving,
comfortable and safe services for students. Due to the drawbacks that are present in
the existing system, we got the idea of doing this project of generating the bus pass
through online which can help students in a better way.

In the existing system student had to do each and every process manually, but our
project helps student to make their work faster and easy. Students can buy the bus
pass through the internet. This system is also used to the save the students time.
The students can pay to buy bus pass through Credit Card and Net banking.

Title2: Development of an Effective Online Bus Pass Generation System for

Transportation Service in Karnataka State Author: Parashuram Baraki, Sandhya
Kulkarni, Spurthi Kulkarni, Arpita Goggi, Keertipriya I. This project was created
to provide "safe, reliable, timesaving, efficient, comfortable and affordable"
services for people is seen as having accomplished this objective, although the cost
for providing this service has been substantial. It is heavily subsidized by the
government and is reportedly in the red, like most of India's state run road transport
undertakings. Because of the drawbacks that are present in the existing system, we
got this idea that would help people in a better way. As per the previous system
people had to do each and every process manually, but this system helps people to
make the work a bit faster. [1] Customer can buy the bus ticket over the Internet,
24 hours a day throughout the week, this solves the issue of bus ticket being
misplaced or stolen. In addition, the online system lets the customers check the
availability of the bus ticket before they buy bus ticket. Furthermore, customers no
need to pay cash to buy bus ticket because they can pay the bus ticket by using
Credit Card. Hence, there is a need of reformation of the system with more
advantages and flexibility. The Bus Scheduling and Booking System eliminate
most of the limitations of the existing software.

Title3: Online Bus Pass System Author: S. Pradhiba, D. SathiyaPriya, P. Vasantha

Kumari and R. Rajkumar This project is created to provide “safe, reliable, saving,
efficient and affordable” services for user. This idea would help the user in a better
way. As per the previous system the user had to do each and every process
manually, but this system helps user to make the work bit faster. The user can then
take print out of this bus pass from their mail id and use them. The bus pass will be
differ for different types of users. In this bus pass, all the required details such as
candidate name, address, date of birth, mail id, name of the
school(government/private), validity period, amount paid (free for government
school students) and photo copy of the candidate are provided. Instead of school
details, working organization details will be provided in employees bus pass. The
renewal process can be done either monthly or yearly as per user wish. Based on
that renewal period amount will be deducted.

Title4: Online Facility of Ticket Booking and Generating Bus pass Using Pass ID
Author: Aakansha Gupta, Beenash Iram, Bharti Samrit, Monika Dhage, Prof.
Nazish Khan This online Bus Pass and Ticket Generation System is a web
application which is beneficial for the regular passenger of Nagpur city who are
facing problems because of the record or register facility in the bus depots.
Because of the increased growth in technology, peoples are changing them with
improved technology and contributing in the digital world. This system is
developed to facilitate to provide efficient, inexpensive, well grounded, well
planned and comfortable usage of this application for Nagpur city commuters. The
heavy rush in the bus depots causes lengthy waiting time for the registration of the
bus pass and also to get them. This application offers the facility to get bus tickets
and bus pass with the help of an android mobile application. In addition to this, this
project gives a provision by which the passenger is able to book their ticket
through online procedure. This application will also send a notification in user’s
email ID about the expiration period of bus pass. This application maintains a bond
between users and admin.
EXISTING SYSTEM:

In the existing system bus pass registration and renewal process are carried out
manually. The person has to visit the counter and have to submit the details and
then they have to wait for approval. For each and every process there is time limit
specifiedif the person fails to go on time then all the transactions will be cancelled.
In this existing system was used to bus details maintain through file. And after bus
information are stored to computerize. The Project Metrics has to enter all the
details of project, documents, and tasks. And, also the maintenance team
information and also efforts estimation. For this purpose the organization maintain
the size of the document, source code and update the information about team
member’s details manually. Whichis much of time consuming process and more
importantly it is error prone. At present system bus pass collect from depot very
rare one. User can facing lot of problems

Disadvantages

•It is time consuming

•It consumes lot of manpower to better results

•It lacks of data security

•Retrieval of data takes lot of time

•Percentage of accuracy is less

•Reports take time to produce

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The proposed system overcomes the drawbacks in the existing system. In the
proposed system user register their details through online and get their unique
username and password for further processing. The bus pass will be differ for
different types of users. In this bus pass, all the required details such as candidate
name, address, date of birth, mail id, name of the school, validity period, amount
paid (free for government school students) and photo copy of the candidate are
provided. Instead of school details, working organization details will be provided
in route bus pass. The renewal process canbe donemonthly as per user wish. Based
on that renewal period amount will be deducted.

Advantages

 To make accuracy and efficient calculations.To provide proper information

briefly
 To provide huge maintenance of records
 Flexibility of transactions can be completed in time
 Easily bus pass apply through online.
 You can find all the bus pass related information online without going to the
bus station.
 This online bus pass software system will help students and passengers get
bus passes online and eliminate the need of standing in queues for passes or
collecting a ticket for each journey.
 The payment can be done online via credit or master card.
Disadvantages

 Verification of the passengers cannot be done online. They have to first get
themselves verified by visiting before using the system.
 It requires a large database and memory.
CHAPTER 3 OVERALL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.1 Module Description

The system is proposed to have the following modules: This app enhanced
level of categories for Bus Pass App.

3.2 System Features

In the life of the software development, problem analysis provides a base for
design and development phase. The problem is analyzed so that sufficient matter is
provided to design a new system. Large problems are sub-divided into smaller
once to make them understandable and easy for finding solutions. Same in this
project all the task are sub-divided and categorized.

System Modules:

1. Admin:
 Login
 Manage student & route pass
 Manage condutor login
 Approve bus pass
 Generate Pass ID
 Create Bus details
 Create Route Information
o From to , Time , Route Stopping
2. User:
 Register
 Login
  Add Money - eWallet
 Buy Bus eTicket
 Apply New bus pass
 Renewal bus pass
 Apply Student & Route pass
 Get Pass ID for Bus pass
3. Conductor :
 Login
 Verify bus pass ID
 Verify Bus ticket
 Update bus location
Module Description

1. Admin:
 Update
Admin will update the loan details of the users in the database.
 Manage
Admin will maintain the loan detail records of every user on a
regular basis.
2. User:
4. Register
User will register with the system using their username and
password.
5. Login
After the registration process users can login to their account any
time using the login details.
6. View Details
Once they logged in they can view the details of the bus pass.
7. Search Records
User can search and fetch the records whenever they need.
Algorithm

Google released the first stable version of Angular by the end of 2016 and since
Angular has been completely rewritten and is not an upgrade of AngularJS, it is a
big break change for companies that already have quite robust system built in
AngularJS in their frontend.

Having said that, I decided to write and explain step by step how to utilize
UpgradeModule library from Angular and have an AngularJS application that
allows Angular components within in its application, and not only that but also by
utilizing it, it is also possible achieve communication between AngularJS
controllers and Angular services and vice versa.

AngularJS apps are great. Always consider the business case before moving to
Angular. An important part of that case is the time and effort to get there. This
guide describes the built-in tools for efficiently migrating AngularJS projects over
to the Angular platform, a piece at a time.

Some applications will be easier to upgrade than others, and there are many ways
to make it easier for yourself. It is possible to prepare and align AngularJS
applications with Angular even before beginning the upgrade process. These
preparation steps are all about making the code more decoupled, more
maintainable, and better aligned with modern development tools. That means in
addition to making the upgrade easier, you will also improve the existing
AngularJS applications.
One of the keys to a successful upgrade is to do it incrementally, by running the
two frameworks side by side in the same application, and porting AngularJS
components to Angular one by one. This makes it possible to upgrade even large
and complex applications without disrupting other business, because the work can
be done collaboratively and spread over a period of time. The upgrade module in
Angular has been designed to make incremental upgrading seamless.

AngularJS | filter Filter

The “filter” Filter in AngularJS is used to filter the array and object elements and
return the filtered items. In other words, this filter selects a subset (a smaller array
containing elements that meet the filter criteria) of an array from the original array.

Syntax:

{{ arrayexpression | filter : expression : comparator : anyPropertyKey }}

Parameter:

 arrayexpression: The source array on which the filter will be applied.

 expression: It is used to select the items from the array, after the filter
conditions are met.
 comparator: It is used to determining the value by comparing the expected
value from the filter expression, and the actual value from the object array.
 anyPropertyKey: It is a special property that is used to match the value
against given property. Its default value is $.
CHAPTER 4 – DESIGN

Design is the first step in the development phase for any techniques and principles
for the purpose of defining a device, a process or system in sufficient detail to
permit its physical realization.

Once the software requirements have been analyzed and specified the software
design involves three technical activities - design, coding, implementation and
testing that are required to build and verify the software.

The design activities are of main importance in this phase, because in this activity,
decisions ultimately affecting the success of the software implementation and its
ease of maintenance are made. These decisions have the final bearing upon
reliability and maintainability of the system. Design is the only way to accurately
translate the customer’s requirements into finished software or a system.

Design is the place where quality is fostered in development. Software design is a

process through which requirements are translated into a representation of
software. Software design is conducted in two steps. Preliminary design is
concerned with the transformation of requirements into data.
4.1UML Diagrams:

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a language for specifying,
visualizing and documenting the system. This is the step while developing any
product after analysis. The goal from this is to produce a model of the entities
involved in the project which later need to be built. The representation of the
entities that are to be used in the product being developed need to be designed.

There are various kinds of methods in software design:

 Use case Diagram

 Sequence Diagram
 Collaboration Diagram
4.1.1Usecase Diagrams:
Use case diagrams model behavior within a system and helps the developers
understand of what the user require. The stick man represents what’s called an
actor. Use case diagram can be useful for getting an overall view of the system and
clarifying that can do and more importantly what they can’t do.
 Register and login

Apply Student & rout e pa ss Approve

Administrator
View Bus Pass Stat us

Create conductor Login

User

Book Bus eTicket

Manage all Bus pass

Renewal

Create Bus Route details

Profile

conduct or Login

Scan QR
Conductor

Verify bus pass ID

Verify Bus ticket

Update bus locat ion

conductor Login

Search Bus Pass

Conductor

Verify bus pass ID

Verify Bus ticket

Update bus location

Use case diagram consists of use cases and actors and shows the interaction
between the use case and actors.
 The purpose is to show the interactions between the use case and
actor.
 To represent the system requirements from user’s perspective.
 An actor could be the end-user of the system or an external system

4.1.2 Sequence Diagram:

Sequence diagram and collaboration diagram are called INTERACTION
DIAGRAMS. An interaction diagram shows an interaction, consisting of set of
objects and their relationship including the messages that may be dispatched
among them.
 Admin Conductor User Database

1 : Register and Login()

2 : Apply bus pass()

3 : Approve()

4 : Create bus route details()

5 : Create coundutor login()

6 : Login()

7 : Renewal()

8 : View bus & time details()

9 : Verify Bus Pass()

10 : Manage All Details()

11 : update geo location()

A sequence diagram is an introduction that empathizes the time ordering of

messages. Graphically a sequence diagram is a table that shows objects arranged
along the X-axis and messages ordered in increasing time along the Y-axis.
4.1.3 Collaborate Diagram:
A collaboration diagram, also called a communication diagram or interaction
diagram, is an illustration of the relationships and interactions among software
objects in the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
4.1.4 System Architecture Diagram:
4.1.5 Table Design
User / Conductor Register & Login

User ID Name Email Id Password Mobile Address City Pincode Type

Int Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Primary
key

Bus Pass Details

User ID Email Pass Period Bus No From To Mobile Name Address

Type
Int Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Primary
key

Bus Details

User ID Bus No From To Route Cost

Int Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar
100 100 100 100 100
Primary
key

Bus Speed Details

User ID Bus No From To Time Speed

Around
Int Varchar Varchar Varchar Varchar
100 100 100 100 100
Primary
key

Admin Login

User ID Username Password

100 100 100
Primary
key
4.1.5. Work Flow Diagram
 Start
4.1.6. Data Flow Diagram

User
Registration

User Login

Apply Bus
Pass /
Status/Get QR
Code

Book Bus Ticket

View Details

My profile
 Admin
Start

Login

Approve
Buspass

View Pass
Details

Manage
Conductor

Manage Bus
Details

Logout
 Conducator
Start

Login

View Bus Pass

Id

View Bus Ticket

Logout
CHAPTER 5 - OUTPUT SCREENSHOTS
CHAPTER 6 – IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

6.1 Introduction to Html Framework

HyperText Markup Language, commonly referred to as HTML, is the

standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS,
and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology used to create web pages, as
well as to create user interfaces for mobile and web applications. Web
browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages.
HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for
presentation, making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.

HTML elements form the building blocks of HTML pages. HTML

allows images and other objects to be embedded and it can be used to
create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by
denoting structuralsemantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links,
quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated bytags, written using angle
brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> introduce content into the page
directly. Others such as <p>...</p> surround and provide information about
document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not
display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

HTML can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the

behavior of HTML web pages. HTML markup can also refer the browser
to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the look and layout of text and other
material
6.2 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

CSS is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document

written in a markup language. Although most often used to set the visual style
of web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can
be applied to any XML document, including plain XML, SVG andXUL, and is
applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media. Along with HTML
and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create
visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user
interfaces for many mobile applications.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from

document presentation, including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This
separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control
in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to
share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce
complexity and repetition in the structural content, such as semantically
insignificant tables that were widely used to format pages before consistent CSS
rendering was available in all major browsers. CSS makes it possible to separate
presentation instructions from the HTML content in a separate file or style section
of the HTML file. For each matching HTML element, it provides a list of
formatting instructions. For example, a CSS rule might specify that "all heading 1
elements should be bold", leaving pure semantic HTML markup that asserts "this
text is a level 1 heading" without formatting code such as a<bold> tag indicating
how such text should be displaye

This separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same
markup page in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen,
in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and
on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to display the web page
differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed.
Although the author of a web page typically links to a CSS file within the markup
file, readers can specify a different style sheet, such as a CSS file stored on their
own computer, to override the one the author has specified. If the author or the
reader did not link the document to a style sheet, the default style of the browser
will be applied. Another advantage of CSS is that aesthetic changes to the graphic
design of a document (or hundreds of documents) can be applied quickly and
easily, by editing a few lines in one file, rather than by a laborious (and thus
expensive) process of crawling over every document line by line, changing
markup.

The CSS specification describes a priority scheme to determine which style rules
apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-
called cascade, priorities (or weights) are calculated and assigned to rules, so that
the results are predictable.

6.3 MYSQL Server

 MySQL  is an open-source relational database management
system (RDBMS);[6] in July 2013, it was the world's second most widely used
RDBMS, and the most widely used open-source client–server model RDBMS. It is
named after co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, My. The SQL acronym
stands for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has made
its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as
well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and
sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedishcompany MySQL AB, now
owned by Oracle Corporation. For proprietary use, several paid editions are
available, and offer additional functionality.

6.4 PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also

used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created
by RasmusLerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by
The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands
for therecursive backronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.

PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination

with various web template systems, web content management system and web
frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHPinterpreter implemented as
a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable.
The web server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code,
which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page.
PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface(CLI) and can be
used to implement standalone graphical applications.

The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free

software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be
deployed on most web servers on almost every operating system andplatform, free
of charge.

The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until

2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014
work has gone on to create a formal PHP specification.

6.5 ANGULAR JAVA SCRIPT

AngularJS (commonly referred to as "Angular" or "Angular.js") is an open-

source web application framework mainly maintained by Google and by a
community of individuals and corporations to address many of the challenges
encountered in developing single-page applications. It aims to simplify both the
development and the testing of such applications by providing a framework for
client-side model–view–controller (MVC) and model–view–viewmodel(MVVM)
architectures, along with components commonly used in rich Internet applications.

The AngularJS framework works by first reading the HTML page, which has

embedded into it additional custom tag attributes. Angular interprets those
attributes as directives to bind input or output parts of the page to a model that is
represented by standard JavaScript variables. The values of those JavaScript
variables can be manually set within the code, or retrieved from static or
dynamic JSON resources.
According to JavaScript analytics service Libscore, AngularJS is used on the
websites of Wolfram Alpha, NBC,Walgreens, Intel, Sprint, ABC News, and
approximately 8,400 other sites out of 1 million tested in July 2015.

AngularJS is the frontend part of the MEAN stack, consisting

of MongoDB database, Express.js web application server framework, Angular.js
itself, and Node.js runtime environment.
CHAPTER 7- SYSTEM STUDY

7.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is
put forth with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates.
During system analysis the feasibility study of the proposed system is to be
carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden to the
company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the major
requirements for the system is essential.

Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are

 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will
have on the organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the
research and development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be
justified. Thus the developed system as well within the budget and this was
achieved because most of the technologies used are freely available. Only the
customized products had to be purchased.
CHAPTER 8-TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the
technical requirements of the system. Any system developed must not have a high
demand on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands on the
available technical resources. This will lead to high demands being placed on the
client. The developed system must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or
null changes are required for implementing this system.

SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user.
This includes the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user
must not feel threatened by the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The
level of acceptance by the users solely depends on the methods that are employed
to educate the user about the system and to make him familiar with it. His level of
confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make some constructive
criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.

8.1Non Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements are the quality requirements that stipulate how

well software does what it has to do. These are Quality attributes of any system;
these can be seen at the execution of the system and they can also be the part of the
system architecture.
8.2 Accuracy:

The system will be accurate and reliable based on the design architecture. If there
is any problem in the accuracy then the system will provide alternative ways to
solve the problem.

8.3 Usability:

The proposed system will be simple and easy to use by the users. The users will
comfort in order to communicate with the system. The user will be provided with
an easy interface of the system.

8.4 Accessibility:
The system will be accessible through internet and there should be no any known
problem.

8.5Performance:
The system performance will be at its best when performing the functionality of
the system.

8.6Reliability:
The proposed system will be reliable in all circumstances and if there is any
problem that will be affectively handle in the design.

8.7Security:
The proposed system will be highly secured; every user will be required
registration and username/password to use the system. The system will do the
proper authorization and authentication of the users based on their types and their
requirements. The proposed system will be designed persistently to avoid any
misuse of the application.
CHAPTER 9-SYSTEM TESTING

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying

to discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a
way to check the functionality of components, sub-assemblies, assemblies and/or a
finished product It is the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring
that the

Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in
an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a
specific testing requirement.

TYPES OF TESTS

Unit testing
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal
program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid
outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the
testing of individual software units of the application .it is done after the
completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that
relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic
tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or
system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process
performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined
inputs and expected results.
Integration testing
Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to
determine if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more
concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests
demonstrate that although the components were individually satisfaction, as shown
by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct and
consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that
arise from the combination of components.

Functional test
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are
available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system
documentation, and user manuals.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions : identified functions must be exercised.

Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.

Systems/Procedures: interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key

functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to
identify Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive
processes must be considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete,
additional tests are identified and the effective value of current tests is determined.

System Test
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets
requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An
example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration test.
System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven
process links and integration points.

White Box Testing

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has
knowledge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least
its purpose. It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black
box level.

Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner
workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as
most other kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document, such
as specification or requirements document, such as specification or requirements
document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated, as a black
box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and responds to outputs
without considering how the software works.
9.1 Unit Testing:

Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test
phase of the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit
testing to be conducted as two distinct phases.

Test strategy and approach

Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written
in detail.

Test objectives
 All field entries must work properly.
 Pages must be activated from the identified link.
 The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.

Features to be tested
 Verify that the entries are of the correct format
 No duplicate entries should be allowed
 All links should take the user to the correct page

9.2 Integration Testing

Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or

more integrated software components on a single platform to produce failures
caused by interface defects.
 The task of the integration test is to check that components or software
applications, e.g. components in a software system or – one step up – software
applications at the company level – interact without error.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects
encountered.

9.3 Acceptance Testing

User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires
significant participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the
functional requirements.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects
encountered.
CHAPTER 10– CONCLUSIONS

The Smart pass system is a real time project which will prove to be very much
useful and handy for the public who are having issues with the current
manual work of bus pass registration and renewal. It also frequently warns
the users about their validity or ending period by sending them
notification. The proposed project might also get some extra features when
it comes to location tracking, the GPS facility can be attached, to each and
every MTC bus from which the application users can gain access to the bus.
CHAPTER 11- REFERENCES

[1] Development of an Effective Online Bus Pass Generation System for

Transportation System for Transportation Service in Karnataka State.
[2] Caulfield and M. O’Mahony, “An examination of the public transport
information requirements of users”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems, vol. 8, no. 1, (2007).
[3] J. Lee, K. Hong, H. Lee, J. Lim and S. Kim, “Bus information system based
on smart-phone Apps”, in Proc. of KSCI Winter Conference (2012)
[4] S. Chandurkar, S. Mugade, S. Sinha, M. Misal and P. Borekar,
“Implementation of Real Time Bus Monitoring and Passenger
Information System”, International Journal of Scientific and
Research Publications, vol. 3, no. 5, (2013).
[5] K. G. Zografos, K. N. Androutsopoulos and V. Spitadakis,
“Design and assessment of an online passenger information system for
integrated multimodal trip planning”, Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.vol.
10, (2009).
[6] K. Ganesh, M. Thrivikraman, J. Kuri, H. Dagale, G. Sudhakar and S.Sanyal,
“Implementation of a Real Time Passenger Information System”.
[7] Parashuram Baraki, Sandhya Kulkarni, Spurthi Kulkarni, Arpita
Goggi,Keertipriya. (Development of an Effective Online Bus Pass
Generation System for Transportation Service in Karnataka State)
[8] N.Nandhini,S.Pavithra, E.Sangavi, K.Aravindhan (online bus pass renewal
system using web application)
[9] Melisa Kaur A/P Narjan Singh (Study And Development Of An
Online Bus Ticketing System).
[10] Akshay K, Abhishek Chowdhari, Keerthana D, Rajeshwari S(A
Survey on online Bus-Pass Generation System using Aztec code)
[11] K. Ganesh, M. Thrivikraman, J. Kuri, H. Dagale, G. Sudhakar and S.
Sanyal, (Implementation of a Real Time Passenger Information System)
[12] Wee kim li (Bus ticket reservation system) [13] Oloyede, M.O.,
Alaya S.M., Adewole, K.( Development of an Online Bus Ticket
Reservation System for a Transportation Service in Nigeria)
[13]D.M.Bae, “An analysis on the efficiency of bus information systems in
Bucheon city”, Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, vol. 20, (2002)
[15] S.Kim,”Security scheme for Bus Information on Smart phone”