Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick “ting-ting” Tiles as Wood

Tiles

A Feasibility Study
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Engineering
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Main Campus
Santa Cruz, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

ALARVA, NELSON J.

FERNANDEZ, PATRIC JAMES C.

TAMBAN, JULIUS E.

March 2014
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Main Campus
Santa Cruz, Laguna
Tel.No.810-4410
APPROVAL SHEET

The research study entitled “Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick

“ting-ting” Tiles as Wood Tiles” prepared and submitted by Nelson J. Alarva, Patric
James C. Fernandez, Julius E. Tamban in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering is hereby recommended for approval
and acceptance.

Date MICHAEL M. CRUZ, RCE

Thesis Adviser

Approved and accepted by the committees on oral examination with the grade of

MALVIN JAMES A. CHING, RCE MA. ERLYN L. EROLES, PECE

Subject Specialist Technical Editor

ROMMEL M. TABIGAY M.A.T. JOSEPHINE VILLAMIN M.A.

Language Critic Statistician

REVELINA C. ANSAY, RCE, RSE

Chairman

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of

Science in Civil Engineering.

Date REVELINA C. ANSAY, RCE, RSE

Dean, College of Engineering

EVELYN B. NAPIZA ROBERT C. AGATEP, PH. D.

Registrar Director for Research and Development

Research Contribution No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 We would like to make this opportunity to acknowledge the following

persons whom in different special ways, largely contributed for the development

of this research study.

Our deep appreciation to our respective parents that never failed to

support us during the development of the research.

To President Nestor M. De Vera Ph. D., for fulfilling the jobs and actions

to make the students of Laguna State Polytechnic University satisfied in the

University.

The advisers, Engr. Malvin James Ching and Engr. Jose Ben Pujol Jr.,

for the support, Ideas and knowledge shared to us throughout the process.

Mr. Rommel M. Tabigay our Language critic for patiently correcting the

standard of writing and for the improvement of our manuscript.

Ms. Josephine Villamin for our statistician who intelligently interpreted

the data’s and results of our findings.

Engr. Michael M. Cruz, as our thesis adviser for giving us some

guidelines and tips in making this research study.

Assistant Dean Erlyn Eroles for the advices, and help of improving our

research study.

Of course to Dean Revelina C. Ansay for the considerations, and helping

us in arranging the research study.

 To our family, relatives, advisers, friends, and close friends, who inspired

us to finish and gave us the perseverance and determination in order to finish

this work, thank you.

Above all, this would never be made possible without the guidance and

blessings of our Almighty GOD.

Thank You So Much!

N.J.A.

P.J.C.F.

J.E.T.
 DEDICATION

This research study is dedicated to Almighty God, who’s the source of

inspiration, strength and encouragement to make the study possible.

To my parents, Mr. Florencio V. Alarva and Mrs. Alejandrina J. Alarva, who

gave me the determination to fulfill my ideas and thoughts that help me succeed

this study, also to their financial and moral support.

To my brothers Aldrin J. Alarva, Lorenzo J. Alarva, Adriano J. Alarva, for the

love and support

To my closes friends who’s also my co – member, Mr. Patric James C.

Fernandez and Mr. Julius E. Tamban for their perseverance and determination

that gives immeasurable effort and understanding.

To Ms. Ruby Hana C. Berano, for giving me immeasurable support and for

giving me inspiration.

To BSCE – 5B, and Masa Boys most especially to Mr. Aaron N. Silvania for

giving me confidence and ideas to make this study possible.

And to all the person’s around us who gave courage and inspired me to finish

this study

N. J. A.
 DEDICATION

The completion of this developmental study is dedicated to the following persons

who gave their support to me:

To God who gave me the wisdom and knowledge to finish this study.

To my parents: Mr. Ramil P. Fernandez and Mrs. Zenaida C. Fernandez

for love, financial, and moral support to me.

To my brother: Russell C. Fernandez, who is patiently waiting me before

going to bed.

To my girlfriend: Ms. Wyeth N. Lumidao, for the moral support,

motivation and also served as inspiration to me to make this study a reality.

To my thesis adviser: Engr. Michael M. Cruz for his, suggestions,

knowledge, and guidance.

To my group mates: Mr. Nelson J. Alarva, and Mr. Julius E. Tamban for

having a great teamwork to finish this study.

To BSCE 5-B Family for sharing the fun and enjoyment while making the

study.

And to all my friends who gave me moral support to finish this study.

P.J.C.F
 DEDICATION

This whole research study is dedicated to our one and only God, who

provided all the needs of the researcher in this study.

To my parents: Mr. Santiago and Mrs. Victoria Tamban, for support,

guidance and love to me.

To my sisters: Jenedee, Senaida, Seny Joy, Jasmin Tamban and also

to his brother Jonathan Tamban, for love and making me happy when he’s at

home.

To my group mates: Mr. Nelson J. Alarva and Mr. Patric James C.

Fernandez for their great efforts to make this study possible.

To BSCE-5B Family, who helped and inspired me to accomplish this

study.

And to all the people around us for their support in this study that made it

possible.

J.E.T
 ABSTRACT

The study is entitled “Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick “ting-

ting” Tiles as Wood Tiles”. A developmental material for wood tile. It aims to

develop the study of “ting – ting” as a new material for universal indoor tiles.

Universal indoor tile as for wall, floor, ceiling, and could be used as material or

decoration for furniture. Because our country is one of the largest producer of

coconuts in the world and the uses of coconut tree from the leaves down to roots

became popular. Lots of products are made from its various parts such as the

use of Coconut Tree products for building houses, decors, and even medicine

that can be produced from its roots or Coconut Water.

The researchers were triggered to come up with a developmental method

for the said product, to prove its potential to become more usable as other

construction materials.

Several manual tests were conducted by the researchers to acquire

information about the product. Through the test results, they come up with one

conclusion that Coconut leaf stick was durable and unique enough, and therefore

suitable in making a decorative wall tile, because of its durability as a

construction material and its unique design. The design of the top and bottom

layer of the coconut leaf stick tile gives more strength to the product.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES PAGE

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………….i

APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………...ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………..……………..iii

DEDICATION……………………………….………………………..……..…v

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………...viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………..…..ix

LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………...........xii

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………….............xiii

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND………………………….…..1

Introduction…………………………………………….…………….…1

Background of the Study………………………………… …………...2

Literature Review ………………………….………….…..…………..3

Related Study ………………………………………………………….8

Conceptual Framework………………………………….. ………….12

Objective of the Study ……………………………………….………13

Assumptions .…………………………………………………...…….13

Significance of the Study…………………………………………….14

Scope and Limitations……………………………………………......14

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………..15

II PROJECT DESIGN ……………………………………………………,………….17

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………….………….17

Research Design …………………………………………………….17

Subject of the Study ………………………………………….……...17

Population and Sampling ………………………………….…….…..18

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE……………………………….…….….19

Supplies and Materials ……………………………………………...19

Tools and Equipment’s.……………………………………….……..19

Construction Procedures ……………………………………….…..20

Try-out and Revisions …………………………………………..…..21

Manual Test …………………………………………………...……..22

Evaluation of Results …………………………………………….….27

Construction Time Frame.……………………………………..…....30

Research Instrument …………………………………………..…....31

Statistical Treatment ……………………………………………......32

III DISCUSSION ……………………………………………...................................33

Product Description …………………………………………………………33

Production Schedule ………………………………………………………..33

Product Design ………………………………………………………..…….34

Production Development …………………………………………………..36

Marketing Strategies ………………………………………………….…….37

Resource Management ………………………………………………….…39

Cost and Return Analysis ………………………………….………………40

 Cost of Operation ……………………………………………………...……41

Analysis and Interpretation of Data ……………………………………….44

IV SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.......48

Summary……………………………………………………………………...48

Findings……………………………………………………………………….48

Conclusions.………………………………………………………………….50

Recommendations ……………………………………………………….....51

APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………...52

Appendix A……………………………………………………………….…...53

Appendix B…………………………………………………………….……...55

Appendix C……………………………………………………………………56

Appendix D……………………………………………………………………57

Appendix E……………………………………………………………………58

Appendix F……………………………………………………………………59

Appendix G………………………………………………………………...…61

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………. …………………………62

A. Websites ……………………………………… …………………………63

B. Books ……………………………………………………………….…….64

C. Unpublished Materials ………………………….………………………65

CURRICULUM VITAE………………………………………………………………66
WAIVER ……………………………………………………………………………...76
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Try-out and Revisions …………………….………………………………21

Table 2: Swelling Test Results …………………………………………….……….22

Table 3: Absorption Test Results ………………….……………………….….…..23

Table 4: Fire-resistance Test Results ………………….…………………….…...24

Table 5: Breaking Test Results ………………………………………………..…..26

Table 6: Gantt Chart ………………………………...………………………………30

Table 7: Five – Point Rating Scale..………………………………………………..31

Table 8: Production Schedule …………………………………………….…….….33

Table 9: Cost of Production ………………………………………………………...40

Table 10: Value of Computation of Cost and Return Analysis …………………41

Table 11: Cost and Return of Coconut Leaf Stick Tile …………………….…....43

Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Coconut Ting-Ting Wood Tile and other

Commercial Tiles …………………………………………………..………………..43

Table 13: Data Results for Marketability ………….……………………………...44

Table 14: Data Results for Quality ……………….……………..…………….…..45

Table 15: Data Results for Strength ……………….……………………………..46

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study ………………………………………….…….....12

Figure 2: Photos of Swelling Test………………………………………………….23

Figure 3: Photos of Swelling Test……………………………………………….....23

Figure 4: Photos of Absorption Test……………………………………………….24

Figure 5: Photos of Absorption Test…………………………………………….…24

Figure 6: Photos of Fire-resistance Test ……………………………………….…25

Figure 7: Photos of Fire-resistance Test ……………………………………..…..25

Figure 8: Photos of Breaking Test……………………………………….………...27

Figure 9: Photos of Breaking Test………………………………………………….27

Figure 10: Isometric View of the Tile……………………………………….……....34

Figure 11: Top View of the Tile………………………………………..…….…...…35

Figure 12: Production Schedule..…………………………………………..……....36

 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter contains the Introduction, Background of the study,

Conceptual framework, Significance of the study, Statement of the Problem,

Scope and Limitations of the study, as well as the Definition of Terms.

Introduction

Philippines is one of the largest producer of coconuts in the world.

The uses of coconut tree from the leaves down to roots are its main benefits for

many ages on tropical countries and slowly got introduce to other civilization.

Wide variety of products can be derived from its various parts such as the use of

Coconut Tree products for building houses, decors, and even medicine that can

be produced from its roots or Coconut Water.

One of the materials that came from the coconut tree is the coconut broom

stick, this is made from leaf stick of the coconut. This is used by most Filipinos as

one of the equipment used in the backyard. These coconut sticks are weak but

when bonded together it is very hard to bend and to break. This fact gave the

idea to the researchers to develop this study to bind the coconut sticks together

using a wood adhesive to form a tile. Because of its essentiality and availability in

the Philippines, it gives the researchers an initiative to broaden the use of

coconut leaf stick from a simple stick to other forms of wall tile, wood parquet,

and home furniture.

Background of the Study

For these past few years many researcher have tried to use many part of

the coconut as a new product. They produced lumbers out of the trunk of the

coconut tree, oils and medicine from its roots and fruits, and coconut husk used

in tree planting.

One of the popular contributions of the coconut tree is the coconut lumber

also called coco-lumber. The lumber is made from the finest trunk of the coconut

tree. Coconut wood can be a promising material for the manufacture of furniture,

novelties and other handicrafts due to its beautiful grain and attractive natural

appearance. Coconut wood products which include furniture, decorative interior

walls, parquet floors can have a potential share not only in the domestic but also

in the world markets.

One of the reason why people nowadays do not prefer to use wood tiles is

because of its expensive price and maintenance. Developing a new alternative

material for wood tiles with a cheaper price will surely become competitive in the

market. This time the researcher used the coconut leaf stick as an alternative to

wood tiles. Coconut “ting-ting” may be weak in one piece but when bonded

together it will very hard to break. These coconut leaf sticks were bonded

together using a wood adhesive (stikwel wood glue).

Literature Review

Developmental Study

Development study is offered as a specialized Master's degree in a

number of universities, and, less commonly, as an undergraduate degree. It has

grown in popularity as a subject of study since the early 1990s, and has been

most widely taught and researched in the third world and in countries with a

colonial history, such as the UK, where development studies originated.

Students of development studies often choose careers in international

organizations such as the United Nations or the World Bank, non-governmental

organizations, private sector development consultancy firms, and research

centers. (A – 10)

Coconut

The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera, L.) has multifarious uses. It is

often described as a tree of life and is one of the most important crops in the

tropics. It is also considered as one of the world's most beautiful trees. Practically

all parts of the coconut can be manufactured into commercial products. The

coconut provides food, shelter and fuel especially in countries in Asia and the

Pacific where it is abundantly grown. Unlike the many uses of the coconut fruits

and the leaves, it is perhaps not very well known that the coconut stem is equally

useful. It gives some characteristics of the tree and its wood relevant to

utilization. The possibility of utilizing the coconut palm wood on a commercial

scale has been recognized only in the last decade or so, although usage of wood

from palm species has been known by people in the villages since time

immemorial. In more recent times, coconut palm wood has been successfully

utilized in a number of coconut growing countries such as the Philippines,

Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Tonga Islands and many others. (A – 1)

Leaf Stick “ting – ting”

A number of recyclable bio materials are available which can be used as

a raw material base for production of alternate products to wood and wood

composites. A number of useful products have been developed rice husk,

coconut husk, cotton stalk, bagasse and pined needle. (Journal of Indian

academy of wood science December 2011)

Likewise, with the availability of materials and large area of Coconut

plantation, the researchers arise to develop the study and improve the uses of

Coconut Leaf Stick “ting – ting”.

Wood Tile

A tile is a manufactured piece of hardwearing material such as ceramic,

stone, wood, metal, or even glass. Tiles are generally used for

covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops.

Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight

materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and

ceiling applications.
 With hardwood flooring you are not stuck with a certain color or shade

because they have different natural patterns, with no two hardwood floors being

exactly alike. This type of flooring is tough, strong, and even if you put or drop

something heavy on the floor, you do not have to worry about it getting dented or

scratched.

With hardwood floors, if you are tired of the color, you can sand and

refinish them several times. Another big advantage is that if you decide to sell

your home, hardwood floors will increase the value of your home and help the

home to sell faster. It is very versatile and can be used with any type of décor or

style. (A – 9)

Alternative Material

The biggest disadvantage of using a wood tile is the expense because

only natural materials are used and people with a limited budget may not be able

to afford hardwood flooring. Since it is a bit time-consuming to install since they

have to be laid in strips. Most people have it professionally installed, so there is

another added expense. Hardwood flooring can be swept and damp mopped or

cleaned with a wood floor cleaner but over time it will lose its shine so that means

that you have to wax it using a special machine. (A – 2)

The researchers observed that Coconut leaf stick is a cheap wood

material that can possibly create a tile with high durability and match the qualities

of expensive wood tiles in the market.

Manpower

Rapid population growth has also depressed development in the rural

areas. Agricultural land area per farmer has decreased. Also, the average wage

of farmers in the rural area has increased, even though agricultural production

increased. The marginal productivity of farm labor decrease as population

increased rapidly on a limited resource base. The coconut production decreased

to 2.5 million this 2012 compared to the highest rate of 2.8 million last 2001.

(A – 3)

It is related to the study because the construction procedure of the wood

tile was done manually with manpower.

Cost

Coconut wood has proven to be comparable to conventional wood in

terms of durability, sturdiness, and versatility often at a considerably lower cost.

The use of coconut wood as a substitute material for building construction could

bring down the cost of housing units. This is because its cost is half or a little

more than half the price of conventional wood.

The key to profitability in the utilization of coconut wood, given availability

of raw material supply and product demand, is the mechanical conversion of

coconut logs into lumber.

(A – 4)
Tools and Equipment’s

A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially

of the item is nit consume in the process. Informally the word is also used to

describe a procedure or process with a specific purpose.

The digital compression testing machine has been designed to meet the

need for a simple, economic and reliable means to test concrete for its

compressive strength. The digital indicator incorporates 4-Digits display

calibrated in kilo newton (KN) and preset to maximum load capacity fitted with

micro switches to switch off the motor when the load approaches the maximum

capacity of the gauge, avoiding any other loading. Relays are incorporated so

that the motor does not restart on its own power breakdown. The electrically

operated pumping units are provided with a control knob to adjust the pace rate

which can be effectively controlled by an experienced operator during the course

of testing, by observing the progress of the digital indicator readings. (A – 5)

Supplies and Materials

The Supplies and Materials budget category applies to consumable

supplies, regardless of cost, and equipment with a unit value of under $5,000 or

a useful life of under two years. Supplies should be listed by general type such

as wood or glassware.

General office supplies, such as paper, staples, pencils and pens and

non-capital equipment such as laptop computers, are generally not allowable on

federal grants unless they can be directly allocated to specific project and are
fully explained in the budget justification. This budget category can be supported

by general descriptions of the type of supplies included and a best estimate of

their cost. (A – 6)

Related Study

Developmental Study

This developmental study is focused to develop and study one of the parts

of the coconut tree. Because of its large plantation of coconut tree the

researchers come up with the conclusion that one of the parts of this tree can be

more useful if it can develop to an alternative wooden tile.

This developmental study focuses to have an alternative material as an

alternative to the wood that has the same properties, strength, and its more

available than the wood tile in the market.

Coconut

Coconut wood has been proven to be a good substitute for many

conventional woods. Like conventional wood, the coconut stem is durable, sturdy

and versatile and can often be used at a considerably lower cost. The cost of

coconut wood is only about half – or a little more than half – the price of

conventional wood traditionally used for structural purposes (APCC 2000).

This fact is especially attractive to countries with limited budgets for

housing for their growing populations. There is, therefore, a need to study the
situation and prospects for coconut wood utilization in a country, if it wishes to

develop that industry. A vast resource of coconut wood is available throughout

the tropical countries of the world. This resource could be derived from millions of

over-mature or senescent coconut palms.

Leaf Stick “ting – ting”

Coconut leaf stick most common known as walis ting – ting are used by

many Filipinos in housekeeping, this material has a widely variety and plantation.

With the quotations that the coconut tree is a tree of life because every

parts of this tree can be useful in everyday life, by that the researchers tried to

develop one of its parts so that it may be useful as construction materials.

Wood Tile

From the Ariana Ceramica Italiana collection, they explore a relatively new

but seemingly popular element in interior design: wood look tiling. Despite their

convincing hardwood aesthetic, these images actually feature ceramic floor and

wall tiles. Some of the obvious benefits relate to cleaning and maintenance, their

environmentally friendly appeal and their ability to accommodate under floor

heating. Being a more sustainable product than wood that is still illegally

harvested from forests in the developing world, it is conceivable that as the

popularity and subsequent production of the wood look tile increases, the cost

will decrease and even in their infancy, they are proving to be a generally less

expensive product than traditional hardwood floors. (A – 7)

Alternative Material

Coconut palm trees here in the Country has many population, thus

researchers came up with a conclusion to use one of this parts to use it more

reliable.

This alternative material can be a substitute to the wood so that it helps

the environment to lessen the use of wood materials in construction.

Manpower

Coconut production constitutes one of the four major sectors of

Philippine agriculture, the others being rice, corn and sugar. About 85% of

coconut production is exported in the form of copra, coconut oil and desiccated

coconut.

The coconut industry is a dominant sector of Philippine agriculture. The

country has the world’s widest geographical area planted to coconut. Of the 12

million hectares of farmlands, 3.1M hectare is devoted to coconut and 68 out of

79 provinces are coconut areas. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

(ARMM) has a land area of 284,223 hectares planted with coconuts with over

32M coconut bearing trees and 88,956 documented coco farmers.

Of the five (5) provinces of ARMM, the province of Basilan has the biggest

coconut areas with 67,763 hectares, followed by Sulu with 66,902 hectares, then

the province of Maguindanao with 63,122 hectares, Lanao Del Sur with 55,150

hectares and Tawi-Tawi with 40,056 hectares (PCA-BAS).

Cost

Coconut wood has proven to be comparable to conventional wood in

terms of durability, sturdiness, and versatility often at a considerably lower cost.

The use of coconut wood as a substitute material for building construction could

bring down the cost of housing units. This is because its cost is half or a little

more than half the price of conventional wood.

The key to profitability in the utilization of coconut wood, given availability

of raw material supply and product demand is the mechanical conversion of

coconut logs into lumber. (A – 8)

Tools and Equipment’s

The uses of the tools and equipment in our project is to measure, form,

press, flatten, and for the finishing of the Coconut leaf stick wood tiles. To sum it

up, the usage of it is to make the product possible and to produce a good quality

product.

Supplies and Materials

The uses of the supplies and materials in our project is to attain the

properties of the wood tile with the help of materials such as stikwel(wood glue)

to tightened the coconut leaf stick and hardened it like a wood, Sand paper to

smooth the surface of the product as smooth as wood tile, Varnish to give the

product glossy look, like the wood tile available in the market.
Conceptual Framework

In the light of foregoing study the conceptual framework was represented

in the form of paradigm.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Alternative Material

Coconut Leaf Stick

“ting-ting”

Manpower
Development of
Cost
Frame 1
Decorative Coconut
Tools and Leaf Stick “Ting-
Equipment’s Ting” Wood Tile

Supplies
Frame1 and Frame 2
Materials

Figure 1: Paradigm of the study

Frame 1 show the independent variables which consist of the alternative

material, tools and equipment’s.

Frame 2 shows the dependent variable consists of the Coconut Leaf stick tile.
Objective of the study

This study aimed to attain the following objectives:

1. To determine the level of strength and durability of the Coconut leaf

stick “ting-ting” as main materials of a wood tile in terms the following

testing:

a) Swelling test

b) Absorption test

c) Fire-resistance test

d) Breaking test

2. To determine the acceptability of decorative wood tile in terms of the

following:

a) Marketability

b) Quality

c) Strength

Assumptions

1. The alternative material is economical.

2. The product can match the strength of other wood tiles.

3. The product can resist swelling, absorbs less water, and not easily

burned.
Significance of the study

The results of the study will be beneficial to the following:

University

This study will contribute to the university’s research and

development program

Students

The results of this developmental study may give the

students insights which would encourage them to improve and

enhance the study and development on producing quality

alternative materials and in making new products.

Future Researcher

This study will help the future researchers who would like to

use this as basis of their own study.

Scope and limitations

This is a developmental study and was limited only in terms of using

coconut leaf stick in making tile.

In this developmental study the researchers only focused on testing the

main material to prove if it is feasible in making a quality wood tile. The

researchers conducted swelling test, absorption test, fire-resistance test, and

Breaking test for the purpose of obtaining the data on the efficiency of the wood

tile. The product is an indoor tile. The tile size can be customized, but in this
developmental study the researchers only used 6x6 inch and 0.4inch thick tile

dimension with 0.175kg of weight for test purposes.

The researcher used weighted mean and standard deviation as statistical

tool for the acceptability of the wood tile. The survey was conducted at Santa,

Laguna. Evaluation was conducted through school, hardware, and construction

firms. During the survey, the respondents were given questionnaires to be

answered. Respondents with a total of 10 selected and random were involved in

the test.

Definition of Terms

The terms are defined comprehensively and operationally.

Absorption Test –Type of test where in the product is expose directly to

water for 24 hours, this test is made to know if the product absorb too

much water.

Breaking Test – This type of test is made to test the product strength and

durability by continuously subjecting rock and water loads until the product

fail and break.

Coconut Leaf Stick “Ting-Ting” – Used as the main material to the

wood tile.

Cost – This refers to the total cost of the product for the whole project.

Decorative Wood tile – This refers to construction material that the

researchers develop.
Fire – Resistance Test – Test where in the tile is subjected to a medium

fire, this type of test is made to test if the product has a capability to resist

fire.

Manpower – The labor constructs the Coconut Leaf stick wood tile.

Sanding Sealer- Used to seal the holes and uneven shape of the wood

tile.

Sand Paper- Used to even and remove roughness to the surface of the

wood tile.

Solignum- Used to prevent the product from decaying and parasites that

may damage the product.

Stikwel – Used as a wood adhesive to bind the coconut leaf sticks

together to produce a wood tile.

Supplies and Materials – This includes the Coconut walis “ting – Ting”,

wood glue, sanding sealer, solignum, polyurethane, and varnish that are

needed for the construction of the project.

Swelling Test – Type of test where in the product is exposed directly to

water for 24 hours, this test is made to know if the product has a high

resistivity to swelling.

Tools and Equipment’s – This includes meter, sandpaper, scissors, paint

brush, saw, bolo, and needed for this project in particular it comprises of

different elements having different purposes.

Varnish- Used to create a glossy and elegant look to the tile and also

serve as a protection for scratches.

 CHAPTER II

PROJECT DESIGN

This chapter explains the procedures that the researchers used to conduct

this study. This includes the research design, subject of the study, population and

sampling, supplies and materials, tools and equipment, construction procedures,

schedule of activities and computations, construction time frame (GANTT

CHART), research instrument and statistical treatment.

Research Methodology

Research Design

This is a developmental method study of decorative coconut leaf stick

“ting-ting” wood tile. The researchers developed this study in order to enhance

the use of coconut leaf stick as a new material for wood tiles, and to be engage

to wide range of Coconut tree with further use. With its essentiality, material

availability, and uniqueness, the researchers arised the idea to broaden the study

of coconut leaf stick from a simple stick to an indoor wood tile.

Subject of the study

Coconut leaf stick tile was the product of the study and as being

developed as a new material for wood tiles. The product is hard, compact and
has a natural brown color, it has six inches of width and length and 0.4inch thick,

and weighs 0.175kg. The product was tested up to its limit to gather information

about its strength, durability, and quality.

The tile was made of matured and dried coconut leaf stick that can be

obtained in the finest and strongest part of the leaf stick. And a wood adhesive

was used to make the pieces of the sticks to form a tile. The tile is suitable for

indoor decorations, walls, and floor parquet.

Population and Sampling

In encouragement for the consumers to engage in the product.

The researchers conducted several material tests, and gather all

necessary information for evaluation to prove that the coconut leaf stick to be

used for alternative material was qualified in terms of marketability, quality, and

strength. The researcher used weighted mean and standard deviation as

sampling method for the survey.

Survey was conducted at Santa, Laguna. Evaluation was

conducted through school, hardware, and construction firms. Respondents with a

total of 10 selected and random were involved in the test.

The survey results are referring to chapter IV.

Data Gathering Procedure

Supplies and Materials

In order to make the coconut leaf stick wood tile, the materials to be used

were enumerated as follows.

 Coconut leaf stick locally known as “ting-ting”.

 Wood glue / StikWel

 Sanding sealer

 Sand paper

 Solignum

Tools and Equipment’s

Tools:

 Tape measure

 Hammer

 Paint brush

 Bolo

 Pliers

 Scissors
Construction Procedures

For Raw Material:

1. Choose the finest and thickest leaf stick to use.

2. Shred the excess leaves of the leaf stick.

3. Cut every coconut leaf stick to 6inches long. Prepare the side

forms for tile dimension.

Procedure:

1. Use wood glue, then place the coconut leaf stick to the forms

and aligned it alternately for every layer.

2. Let the glue dry.

3. Use sand paper to make the surface of the product to have a

plane surface.

4. Use Solignum, spread it on the surface of the product to avoid

termite damage.

5. Use Sanding sealer to cover the uneven surface of the coconut

leaf stick tile.

6. Again use Sand paper to remove the excess sanding sealer on

surface of the tile.

7. In applying the top coat, use varnish and spread it all over the

surface of the tile. Apply it several times to have a thick and

glossy look.
Try-out and Revisions

Weight Thickness Cost Strength

Try-out 0.350kg 0.8in P24 Can carry maximum loads of

250kg

Revision 0.175kg 0.4in P12 Can carry maximum loads of 126

kg

Table 1: Try-out and Revisions

The researcher conducted one revision which consists of weight,

thickness, cost, and strength of the product. In terms of weight, the first trial has

the weight of 0.350kg which too heavy for a wall tile unlike the revision which has

the weight of 0.175kg. In terms of cost, the first trial has the cost of P24 while the

revision has a cost P12 only these will also affect the thickness reduction to 0.8in

to 0.4in. In terms of strength, the first trial can carry maximum load of 250kg

which is too strong for a wall tile while in the second trial the maximum loads can

carry is 126kg which is more suitable and effective as a wall tile.

Manual Test

Swelling Test

Wood tile With Varnish Without Varnish

Thickness Before 24 0.4 inch 0.4 inch

Hours exposed to Water

Thickness After 24 0.4 inch 0.450 inch

Hours exposed to Water

Thickness Difference 0 inch 0.050 inch

Table 2: Swelling Test result

Test Procedure for Swelling Test

Using the weighing scale, measure the weight of the original product.

Then expose the wood tile directly to water for 24 hours. After 24 hours measure

again the weight of the product. To get the Absorption percentage a formula if

formed:

Swelling Percentage =

Legend:
- Final thickness of the product
- Initial thickness of the product
 Figure 2 Figure 3

Figure 2 and Figure 3: Shows the photos of Swelling test

Absorption Test

Wood tile With Varnish Without Varnish

Weight Before 24 Hours 0.175 kg 0.175 kg

exposed to Water

Weight After 24 Hours 0.180 kg 0.200 kg

exposed to Water

Weight Difference 0.005 kg 0.025 kg

Table 3: Absorption Test result

Test Procedure for Absorption Test

Using the weighing scale, measure the weight of the original

product. Then expose the wood tile directly to water for 24 hours. After 24 hours
measure again the weight of the product. To get the Absorption percentage a

formula if formed:

Absorption Percentage =
Legend:
- Final weight of the product
- Initial weight of the product

Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 4 and Figure 5: Shows the photos of Absorption test

Fire-resistance Test

Wood tile With Varnish Without Varnish

Appearance after 30 1 2
seconds exposed to fire

Appearance After 1 1 2
minute exposed to fire

Appearance After 2 3 4
minute exposed to fire

Table 4: Fire-resistance Test result

Scale

1- No damage
2- The surface appearance turned to black
3- The surface deformed
4- The surface is totally burned

Test Procedure for Fire-resistance Test

The researcher used a gas stove as an equipment to measure the fire

resistivity of the product. Two samples was tested: wood tile with varnish and

without varnish. The two samples were exposed directly to medium fire for 30

seconds to 2 minutes exposure and then the results were gathered.

Figure 6 Figure 7

Figure 6 and Figure 7: Shows the photos of Fire – resistance test

Breaking Test

Trial Weight Result

1 24 kg 2

2 72 kg 3

3 126 kg 4

Table 5: Breaking Test result

Scale:

1- No bend

2- Slight bend

3- Slight bend

4- Totally Breaked

Test Procedure for Breaking Test

Using rocks and water as the loads to test the strength of the

product, the researcher used a large pale as a container for the loads to be used.

The product is then subjected to an elevated position and the container was

hanged below it. The rock loads was first applied to the container and when a

slight bend occur the water loads was also used to attain the precise weight

needed until the product fail and break.

 Figure 8 Figure 9

Figure 8 and Figure 9: Shows the photos of Breaking test

Evaluation of Results

Swelling Test

For tile without varnish:

Swelling Percentage =

= 12.5 %

0.45- Final thickness of the product

0.40- Initial thickness of the product

 For tile with varnish:

There was no change in the thickness of the tile as the

result, the swelling percentage will be 0%.

Absorption test

For tile without varnish:

Absorption Percentage =

= 14.29 %

0.2- Final weight of the product

0.175- Initial weight of the product

For tile with varnish:

Absorption Percentage =

= 2.86%

0.18- Final weight of the product

0.175- Initial weight of the product

Fire-resistance test

The results for the fire-resistance test after exposure to medium fire within

2 minutes for tiles with and without varnish:

- The surface was totally burned as the result to the tile without

varnish.
 - The surface was deformed as the result to the tile with varnish.

Breaking test

The results for the maximum loads that the tile can carry for three trials

was 126 kg of load using rocks and water. The tile was totally breaked.
Construction Time Frame

The estimated time to build the design project was shown in table 5. This

includes the general tasks and activities of the group during the duration of the

study.

ACTIVITIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A. Preparing all the materials and equipment

B. Cutting of coconut leaf stick in to desired sizes

C. Shredding the excess leaves of the leaf stick

D. Preparing the side form

E. Aligning the coconut leaf stick

F. Let it dry

G. Sanding the surface with sand paper

H. Finishing the edges with sanding sealer

I. Applying the top coat with varnish

J. Drying of varnish

K. Material Testing

L. Results of testing

M. Try-out and Revisions

Table 6: GANTT CHART

Research Instrument

The researchers used questionnaires in gathering the primary data in the

study. The questionnaire has a total of twelve questions, four questions per

category of marketability, quality, and strength. The questions will be answered

by checking the rate from 5 to 1, 5 being the highest rate and 1 for the lowest

rate. The questionnaires were given to the respondents for their review and to

gather information and data from the respondents.

The survey was conducted at Santa, Laguna. Evaluation was conducted

through school, hardware, and construction firms. During the survey, the

respondents were given questionnaires to be answered. Respondents with a

total of 10 selected and random were involved in the test.

The survey was made to determine the acceptability of the product to the

community, particularly to the people who are knowledgeable of the study.

The researchers used a 5-point rating scale to indicate on how the

respondents will agree to the statements in terms of marketability, quality, and

strength.

INTERPRETATION RATING RANGE

Strongly Agree 5 4.5-5

Agree 4 4.5-4.49

Uncertain 3 3.5-3.49

Disagree 2 2.5-2.49

Strongly Disagree 1 1.00-1.49

Table 7: Five – Point Rating Scale

Statistical Treatment

The data gathered from the respondents were analyzed and interpreted.

Weighted mean and standard deviation was used for computation of the result

with the response of the respondents to the given questionnaires.

The purpose of the weighted mean was to determine the level of

acceptability of the coconut leaf stick in terms of its, marketability, quality, and

strength.

A five point scale was used to determine the level of acceptability of the

coconut leaf stick Tile. As for the scale of 5, the range was 4.5-5 and the

interpretation was Strongly Agree. As for the scale of 4, the range was 3.5-4.49

and the interpretation was Agree. As for the scale of 3, the range was 2.5-3.49

and the interpretation was Uncertain. As for the scale of 2, the range was 1.5-

2.49 and the interpretation was Disagree. As for the scale of 1, the range was

1.00-1.49 and the interpretation was Strongly Disagree.

 Chapter III

DISCUSSION

The table below shows the Product Description of the product

which consists of the following: physical properties, structure, characteristics,

uses, project design and packaging.

Product Description

-Solid
Physical Properties -Hard
-Natural Color(brown)

Structure of the Product -made from coconut ting-ting

-binded together wood adhesive(stickwel)
-Coated with Varnish

Characteristics -Durable -Water-resistant

-Fire-resistant -Unique Design

Uses -Indoor tiles -wall tile

Product Design -6x6x0.4 inch dimension 0.175kg of

Weight

Packaging -Can be made of different colors and

design

Table 8: Product Description

Table shows the product description including the Physical properties,

Structure of the product, Characteristics, Uses, Product design and Packaging.

Product Design

The following figures how the isometric view of the product, as

well as its top view and cross section. The Coconut leaf stick tile has a dimension

of 6inchX6inchX0.4inch. It is lightweight that’s why it is very easy to carry. It was

designed by evenly aligning Coconut leaf stick strips horizontally at the bottom

layer and then aligning vertically at the top layer, and bonded them using wood

glue.

Figure 10: Isometric view of the tile

Figure 10: Shows the cross section of the tile. The strips are

glued together using wood glue.

 Figure 11: Top view of the tile

Figure 11: Shows the top view of the Coconut leaf stick tile. It has

a dimension of 6inchX6inchX0.4inch. The tile has a light brown color and coated

in varnish.
Production Development

Production

3
Production Procedures

Input  Preparation of all the Output

materials and equipment
2  Preparation of the side 4
forms
Coconut Farm Market
 Aligning the coconut leaf
stick with wood glue
 Dry the wood glue
 Plane the surface with
1
sand paper
Cutting of  Finishing of the edges with 5
coconut ting- sanding sealer
ting to desired  Application of top coat with Consumers
lengths varnish
 Drying of varnish
 Packaging

Figure 12: Production Schedule

The figure consists of input, production, and output of the production

development. Number 1 shows, the cutting of coconut ting-ting to desired

lengths. Number 2 shows, the coconut farm. Number 3 shows, the production

procedures. Number 4 shows, market. And number 5 shows, consumers.

Marketing Strategies

1. After canvassing the price of commercial wood tiles from different

hardware surrounded by Santa Cruz Laguna, the researchers came up

with the price range of 15php to 30php. According to the hardware the

researchers have canvassed, wood tiles nowadays are commonly phase

out of the market because of its high price. Using our materials (coconut

ting-ting) we developed a new wood tile with price range that was cheaper

than the commercial tiles.

2. Price

The computation showed the total cost per wood tile.

 The cost of coconut ting-ting is P750.00 per 50 kilograms.

 In 15 minutes, a single person can make one tile.

 The working hours will be 8 hours per day.

 The tile will be sold at its lowest price of P10.00 per tile.

Let:

X = Cost per Tile

𝑃7 𝑋
𝐾𝑔 7 𝐾𝑔

𝑋 𝑃2 2

Salary of every worker per hour = P35.00

(4 tiles) (8hours) = 32 Tiles per 8 hours

 (P2.265)(32) + P35.00 (8) = P352.48 Total Cost

(P10) (32) – P352.48= P32.48 profit per worker

If you have a minimum of 10 workers, your profit will be:

P324.8 per day

P1,948.8 per week ( Sunday is not included )

P8,444.8 per one month ( 26days )

Let say there’s a customer that is willing to buy 500 tiles for their newly

built house. The quality is same and as good as the other.

 Case I. Competitor’s Price

 ₱30.00 per tile

 For every 500 pieces of tiles

- ₱30,000

 Case II. Our sales “ Coconut ting-ting wood tile”

 ₱12.50, free delivery for 500 tiles and above

- ₱11,875

 Case III.

 ₱15.00 per tile, 500 pieces tiles and above will get 5% off for

its total payment

- ₱14,250.00

3. Place

The target locations will be near market place, hardware and malls.
 4. Promotion

Leaflets and posters containing special offers will be given to the

customers. The consumers will be informed through social networks like

Facebook and other advertisements.

Resource Management

One of our main resources for tools and equipment came from the

researchers house and the coconut ting-ting came from the coconut farm. The

materials for our sideforms are woods used also as forms in other constructions

and some materials were bought from hardwares, as well as the other supplies

and equipment’s.

The investment will be borrowed from the parents of the researchers and

will be returned as soon as the researcher got our profit target.

Cost and Return Analysis

Cost of Production

Material Quantity Cost

Coconut ting-ting 100grams P1.5

Wood glue 50grams P4.00

Varnish 5grams P1.00

Sanding sealer 20grams P0.5

Material cost P7.00

Labor cost 20% of material cost P1.4

Total cost P8.40

Table 9: Cost of Production

The table represents the cost of the finished product per square inch. The

labor cost 20% of the sub total cost and result the total cost of ₱8.40 per six

square inch.
Cost of Operation

The cost of Coconut ting-ting wood tile was calculated based on the

values summarized below.

Particular Amount

Side forms ₱ 1,000.00

Taxes, Shelter and Insurance ₱ 1,500.00

Price of Tiles ₱ 12.50

Number of Operator 1

Operator wage (php) ₱ 1.4 per tile

Number of working hour 8 hours

Table 10: Value of the computation of Cost and Return Analysis

Annual Cost of Operation of Coconut ting-ting Wood tile

Annual Production (tile per year)

1month = 32tiles x 26days = 832 tiles per month

832 tiles x 12 months = ₱9,984 tiles per year

Fixed Cost

Sideforms = 100 pcs = ₱1,000.00

Taxes = ₱1,500.00

Variable Cost

Labor cost
₱1.4 per tile x 32 tiles per day x 26day per month x 12months per year =

₱13,977.6

Material Cost

₱8.4 per tile x 32 tiles per day x 26day per month x 12months per year =

₱83,865.6

Annual Cost of Production ₱97,843.2

Total Cost ₱100,343.2

Pricing of Coconut ting-ting Wood Tile was based on its quality and cost of

production as determine by this study. It could be sold at Php 12.50 per tile.

Cost and Return Analysis was based on this pricing scheme.

Annual Cost of Operation of Decorative Coconut “ting – ting” Tile shows

that this cost of operating the projected annual cost is Php 97,843.2 per tile.

Table 11 shows the annual production is 9,984 tiles per year then the

gross income would be Php 124,800 and the net income would be Php 24,456.8

per annum. The rate of investment is 24.4% Thus, the operation will be feasible

based on the Breakeven Point ( BEP ) and the Rate of Investment ( ROI ).
Annual Production 9,984 tiles per year

Variable Cost ₱97,843.2

Gross Income (php/yr) ₱124,800

Profit ₱24,456.8

Breakeven Point (UNITS) 926 tiles

Breakeven Point (TOTAL SALES) ₱11,754.07

Return of Investment ( ROI ) 24.4%

Table 11: Cost and Return of Decorative Coconut “ting – ting” Tile

Coconut ting-ting wood

Commercial Wood Tile
Properties tile

Texture Slightly Rough Smooth

Hardness Hard Hard

Uniqueness Unique ( Ting-Ting ) Ordinary ( Wood)

Strength Strong Strong

Cost P10-P15 P15-P30

Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Coconut Ting-Ting Wood Tile and other

Commercial Tiles.

The table 12: Shows the comparisons between the Coconut “ting-ting” tile

and other wood tiles by means of their properties. In this data, it showed that the

coconut ting-ting wood tile is much cheaper and has the same quality as the

commercial wood tiles.

Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Marketability

MARKETABILITY MEAN SD RANK VERBAL

INTERPRETATION

It is easy to install 4.4 0.42 2.5 Agree

The tile has a good texture 4.4 0.70 2.5 Agree

It is more affordable than 4.5 0.42 1.5 Strongly Agree

the tile available in the
market

It is very appealing to the 4.9 0.82 1.5 Strongly Agree

eye

AVERAGE 4.55 0.61 Strongly Agree

Table 13: Data Results for Marketability

Legend:

5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Uncertain
2- Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree

Table 13 showed the marketability of the product. It indicates that entry

number 1 was easy to install with mean of 4.4 and standard deviation of 0.42.

Number two tells it depicts good texture with mean of 4.5 and standard

deviation of 0.70 Item number 3 tells that the product was cheaper than

ordinary cement tiles with mean of 4.5 and standard deviation of 0.42. And
 number 4 shows that the product is appealing to the eye with mean of 4.9 and

standard deviation of 0.82 in addition, it gathered a strongly agree remarks.

The standard deviation of 0.61 revealed that the rating given by the

respondents in terms of its marketability was on the same range.

Quality

QUALITY MEAN SD RANK VERBAL

INTERPRETATION

It is environment friendly 4.9 0.32 1.25 Strongly Agree

The product is low in cost 4.9 0.85 1.25 Strongly Agree

The product is unique 4.7 0.42 1.25 Strongly Agree

It helps the environment by 4.7 0 1.25 Strongly Agree

reducing waste

AVERAGE 4.8 0.4 Strongly Agree

Table 14: Data Results for Quality

Legend:

5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Uncertain
2- Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree

Table 14 showed the quality of the product. It indicates that entry number

1 it is environmentally friendly with mean of 4.9 and standard deviation of

0.32. Number two tells the product is very low in cost but with high quality with

mean of 4.9 and standard deviation of 0.85. Item number 3 tells that the
 material content is unique with mean of 4.7 and standard deviation of 0.42.

And number 4 showed that It helps the environment by reducing waste with

mean of 4.7 and standard deviation of 0. In addition, it gathered a strongly

agree remark.

The standard deviation of 0.40 revealed that the rating given by the

respondents in terms of its marketability was on the same range.

Strength

STRENGTH MEAN SD RANK VERBAL

INTERPRETATION

Can withstand high 4.3 0.32 2 Agree

compressive strength

It has the ability to last 4.7 0.85 1.33 Strongly Agree

long without deterioration

The product is unique 4.4 0.42 1.33 Agree

It helps the environment 4.8 0 1.33 Strongly Agree

by reducing waste

AVERAGE 4.8 0.4 Strongly Agree

Table 15: Data Results for Strength

Legend:

5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Uncertain
2- Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree
 Table 15 shows the strength of Decorative Coconut “ting- ting” Tiles. It

indicates that entry number 1 that it can withstand high compressive strength

with mean of 4.9 and standard deviation of 0.32. Number 2 tells the product

has the ability to last long time without significant deterioration with mean of

4.9 and standard deviation of 0.85. Item number 3 tells that it can resist

abrasion with mean of 4.7 and standard deviation of 0.42. And number 4

shows that it has greater shatter resistance with mean of 4.7 and standard

deviation of 0. In addition, it gathered a strongly agree remark.

The standard deviation of 0.40 reveals that the rating given by the

respondents in terms of its marketability was on the same range.

 CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter includes the summary, findings, conclusion, and

recommendation of the study.

Summary

This chapter was conducted in order to summarize the findings

and results for the creation of the product.

The researchers used Coconut leaf stick as their main material in

the product. Different tests were used to obtain the strength and weakness of the

tile. The tests conducted in this developmental study are swelling test, Absorption

test, Fire-resistance Test and Breaking test.

Findings

In this section the researcher sought the findings the

acceptability of the product in terms of marketability, quality, and strength. Also,

the results of manual tests conducted.

1. The results of the level of strength and durability of the Coconut leaf

stick “ting-ting” as main materials of a wood tile in terms the

following testing: Swelling test, Absorption test, Fire-resistance test,

and Breaking test.

 Swelling test results for tiles without varnish caused the tile

to swell 12.5% of its original thickness. While tiles with varnish

caused 0% of swelling.

Absorption test results for tiles without varnish caused the

tile to absorb water up to 14.29% of its original weight. While tiles

with varnish caused the tile to absorb water up to 2.86% of its

original weight.

The findings for the fire-resistance test after exposure to

medium fire within 2 minutes for tiles with and without varnish: The

surface is totally burned as the result to the tile without varnish. The

surface has deformed as the result to the tile with varnish.

The breaking test findings for the maximum loads that the

tile can carry for three trials is 126 kg of load using rocks and water.

The tile was totally breaked.

2. The results of the acceptability of the product in terms of

marketability, quality, and strength with the weighted mean and

standard deviation are as follows:

The survey results for marketability, the mean is 4.55 and it

is interpreted as strongly agree The SD which is less than 1.00

(0.61) indicates that the responses of the evaluators are

homogenous, or having values near each other.

The survey results for quality, the mean is 4.8 and it is

interpreted as strongly agree. The SD which is less than 1.00 (0.4)

 indicates that the responses of the evaluators are homogenous, or

having values near each other.

The survey results for strength, the mean is 4.8 and it is

interpreted as strongly agree. The SD which is less than 1.00 (0.4)

indicates that the responses of the evaluators are homogenous, or

having values near each other.

Conclusions

The findings of the study yielded the conclusions as follows:

1. The conclusion for the level of strength and durability of the Coconut

leaf stick “ting-ting” as main materials of a wood tile in terms the

following testing: Swelling test, Absorption test, Fire-resistance test,

and Breaking test.

The researchers concluded that therefore applying varnish to the

wood tile is necessary to make the tile swell-proof, absorbs less water,

and protects the tile from burning its surface.

The researchers also concluded that the tile is strong and

durable enough to match other wood tiles.

2. The conclusions on the acceptability of the product in terms of

marketability, quality, and strength with the weighted mean and

standard deviation are as follows:

 The researchers came up with the interpretation results of

marketability, quality, and strength to strongly agree. Therefore the

acceptability of the product to the public is high.

Recommendations

After the data and findings were analyzed, the researchers

recommend the following:

1. The researchers recommend for taking further study of this product

production process when it comes to mass production of this

product.

2. Try or make other sizes and dimensions of tiles which can be used

for the different purpose in terms of designing.

3. Try to use coloring agent that can give better appearance for the

product.
APPENDICES
Appendix A – Photos of Equipment’s and Materials

Photo A

Photo B

Photo C Photo D
Photo E Photo F
Appendix B – Photos of making the product

Photo A Photo B

Photo C Photo D
Appendix C – Photos of Swelling Test and Absorption Test

Photo A Photo B

Photo C Photo D
Appendix D – Photos of Fire Resistance Test

Photo A Photo B

Photo C Photo D
Appendix E – Photos of Breaking test

Photo A Photo B

Photo C Photo D
Appendix F – Survey Sheet

SURVEY SHEET

Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick “ting-ting” Tiles as Alternative for

Wood Tiles

Direction: Put a check ( ) mark to indicate your answer

1. To determine the level of acceptability of the Coconut leaf stick tile in

terms of marketability.

Marketability 1 2 3 4 5
It is easy to install

The tile has a good texture

It is more affordable than the tile available in the

market
It is very appealing to eye

Quality 1 2 3 4 5
It is environmentally friendly

The product is very low in cost but with high

quality
The material content is unique

It helps the environment by reducing waste

 Strength 1 2 3 4 5
Can withstand high compressive strength

It has the ability to last long time without

significant deterioration
Can resist abrasion

Have greater shatter resistance

Legend:

5 – Strongly Agree

4 – Agree

3 – Uncertain

2 – Disagree

1 – Strongly Disagree

Signed by:
Appendix G – Data Matrix

RESPONDENTS MARKETABILITY QUALITY STRENGTH

1 5 5 5
2 5 5 5
3 5 5 5
4 5 5 5
5 4.75 5 4.75
6 4.5 5 4.75
7 4.25 5 4.5
8 4.25 5 4.25
9 4.25 4.75 3.75
10 3.5 3.5 3.5
AVERAGE 4.55 4.8 4.55
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wood.html

(A - 7) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpaper

(A - 8) http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-sanding-sealer-used-for

(A – 9) http://www.hardwoodfloortips.net/what-are-the-advantages-

disadvantages-of-hardwood-flooring.php

(A – 10) http://www.wikipedia.com
 B. Books

The Situation and Prospects for the Utilization of Coconut Wood in Asia and the

Pacific by: Romulo N. Arancon, Jr.

Studies of the degradation and protection of wood surfaces P. D. Evans, A. J.

Michell, K. J. Schmalzl

The Preservation of Wood against Termites. Authors FLETCHER, T. B. and

GHOSsH, C. C.

Report of Proceedings. 3rd Ent. Meeting, Pusa, February 1919 1920 Vol. 2 pp.

705-712 pp

Topography & Roughness Testing of Sandpaper Surface by Benjamin Mell

Development and optimization of a new formaldehyde-free cornstarch and tannin

wood adhesive by A. Moubarik, B. Charrier, A. Allal, F. Charrier, and A. Pizzi

 C. Unpublished Materials

Laguna State Polytechnic University entitled Coconut Palapa: An Alternative

material for wood tile by Dela Cruz, Aiko C., Gabatin, Arnie D., and Jaranilla,

Ryan B.

Laguna State Polytechnic University entitled Low – cos Fiber board made out

of cornhusks by Guerrero, Franz Mathews A., Justo, Neil Paolo J.,

Magbayad, Eugene C.
CURRICULUM VITAE
NELSON JELIANG ALARVA

Brgy. Calumpang Liliw, Laguna

09358430335
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES

 To obtain a position that will enable the use of my strong organizational

skills, educational background, and ability to work well with people.
 To enhance my knowledge and to obtain a meaningful working experience.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Primary
Calumpang Elementary School
Brgy. Calumpang Liliw, Laguna
1998 - 2004

Secondary
Liceo de Pila
Pila, Laguna
2004 - 2008

Tertiary
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Sta. Cruz, Laguna
2008 - 2014

SEMINARS ATTENDED

September 14, 2013 COLLOQUIA 2013

University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna

September 7, 2012 2012 NATIONAL CE SYMPOSIUM

University of the Philippines
Diliman, Manila
 September 9, 2011 2011 NATIONAL CE SYMPOSIUM
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Manila

November 18, 2011 IMPORTANCE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROFESSION IN NATION BUILDING
Association of Civil Engineering Students
LSPU-SCC All-Purposed Gymnasium

August 20, 2011 COLLOQUIA 2011

University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna

AFFILIATION

 Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)

Member
2010 – Present
 Association of Civil Engineering Students (ACES)
Member
2008 – Present

SPECIAL SKILLS

 Computer literate
 Knowledge in Basic Auto-CAD and Microsoft programs
 A confident decision-making ability
 Knowledge in STAAD
 Good teamwork skills

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age: 22
Birthdate: December 26, 1991
Birth Place: Ilagan City, Isabela
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: 5’7
Weight: 57 kg
Sex: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
CHARACTER REFERENCE

Engr. Michael M. Cruz

Civil Engineer
+639179325314

Engr. Malvin James A. Ching

Civil Engineer
+639175370644

Engr. Revelina C. Ansay

Dean, College of Engineering
Laguna State Polytechnic University, Sta. Cruz, Laguna
Cell/Telephone No. 09183310575

This is to certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
ability and belief.

ALARVA, NELSON J.

Applicant
PATRIC JAMES CALDERON FERNANDEZ

1163. A. Mabini St. Santa Cruz, Laguna

09354097466
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES

 To obtain a position that will enable the use of my strong organizational

skills, educational background, and ability to work well with people.
 To enhance my knowledge and to obtain a meaningful working experience.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Primary
Villa Silangan Elementary School
1998 - 2004

Secondary
Union College School of Integrated and Preparatory Studies
2004 - 2008

Tertiary
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Sta. Cruz, Laguna
2008 - 2014

SEMINARS ATTENDED

September 14, 2013 COLLOQUIA 2013

University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna

September 7, 2012 2012 NATIONAL CE SYMPOSIUM

University of the Philippines
Diliman, Manila

September 9, 2011 2011 NATIONAL CE SYMPOSIUM

University of the Philippines
 Diliman, Manila

November 18, 2011 IMPORTANCE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROFESSION IN NATION BUILDING
Association of Civil Engineering Students
LSPU-SCC All-Purposed Gymnasium

August 20, 2011 COLLOQUIA 2011

University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna

AFFILIATION

 Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)

Member
2010 – Present
 Association of Civil Engineering Students (ACES)
Member
2008 – Present

SPECIAL SKILLS

 Computer literate
 Knowledge in Basic Auto-CAD and Microsoft programs
 A confident decision-making ability
 Knowledge in STAAD
 Good teamwork skills

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age: 22
Birthdate: November 10, 1991
Birth Place: Santa Cruz, Laguna
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: 5’4
Weight: 51 kg
Sex: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
CHARACTER REFERENCE

Engr. Michael M. Cruz

Civil Engineer
+639179325314

Engr. Malvin James A. Ching

Civil Engineer
+639175370644

Engr. Revelina C. Ansay

Dean, College of Engineering
Laguna State Polytechnic University, Sta. Cruz, Laguna
Cell/Telephone No. 09183310575

This is to certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
ability and belief.

FERNANDEZ, PATRIC JAMES C.

Applicant
JULIUS ELIP TAMBAN

Brgy. Mayondon Los baños, Laguna

09154099828
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES

 To obtain a position that will enable the use of my strong organizational

skills, educational background, and ability to work well with people.
 To enhance my knowledge and to obtain a meaningful working experience.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Primary
Mayondon Elementary School
Brgy. Mayondon Los Baños, Laguna
1999 - 2005

Secondary
Los Baños National High School
Los Baños, Laguna
2005 - 2009

Tertiary
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Sta. Cruz, Laguna
2009 - 2014

SEMINARS ATTENDED

September 14, 2013 COLLOQUIA 2013

University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna

September 7, 2012 2012 NATIONAL CE SYMPOSIUM

University of the Philippines
Diliman, Manila
 September 9, 2011 2011 NATIONAL CE SYMPOSIUM
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Manila

November 18, 2011 IMPORTANCE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROFESSION IN NATION BUILDING
Association of Civil Engineering Students
LSPU-SCC All-Purposed Gymnasium

August 20, 2011 COLLOQUIA 2011

University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna

AFFILIATION

 Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)

Member
2010 – Present
 Association of Civil Engineering Students (ACES)
Member
2009 – Present

SPECIAL SKILLS

 Computer literate
 Knowledge in Basic Auto-CAD and Microsoft programs
 A confident decision-making ability
 Knowledge in STAAD
 Good teamwork skills

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 21
Birthdate: January 10, 1993
Birth Place: Santa Cruz, Laguna
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: 5’2
Weight: 50 kg
Sex: Male
Religion: Lift Jesus Cell Church
CHARACTER REFERENCE

Engr. Michael M. Cruz

Civil Engineer
+639179325314

Engr. Malvin James A. Ching

Civil Engineer
+639175370644

Engr. Revelina C. Ansay

Dean, College of Engineering
Laguna State Polytechnic University, Sta. Cruz, Laguna
Cell/Telephone No. 09183310575

This is to certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
ability and belief.

TAMBAN, JULIUS E

Applicant