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International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

Volume 2014, Article ID 548160, 9 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/548160

Research Article
Design of a Multiband Antenna for
LTE/GSM/UMTS Band Operation

Youngtaek Hong, Jinpil Tak, Jisoo Baek, Bongsik Myeong, and Jaehoon Choi
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro,
Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea

Correspondence should be addressed to Jaehoon Choi; [email protected]

Received 1 May 2014; Accepted 17 June 2014; Published 2 July 2014

Academic Editor: Yingsong Li

Copyright © 2014 Youngtaek Hong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.

This paper proposes a multiband antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS band operation. The proposed antenna consists of a meandered
planar inverted-F antenna with an additional branch line for wide bandwidth and a folded-loop antenna. The antenna provides
a wide bandwidth to cover the hepta-band LTE/GSM/UMTS operation. The measured 6 dB return loss bandwidth is 169 MHz
(793–962 MHz) at the low-frequency band and 1030 MHz (1700–2730 MHz) at the high-frequency band. The overall dimension of
the proposed antenna is 55 mm × 110 mm × 5 mm.

1. Introduction bandwidth in all operating frequency bands and exhibits

near-omnidirectional radiation patterns.
Nowadays, mobile equipment is required to cover vari-
ous communication services (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, and
LTE). In various mobile communication services, long-term 2. Antenna Design
evolution (LTE) is one of the widely used communication
systems as a fourth-generation wireless service. Because each Figure 1(a) shows the structure of the proposed multi-
nation or wireless carrier uses different frequency bands, band antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS operation. The proposed
a multiband antenna is desirable. Moreover, the role of antenna is designed on an FR-4 substrate (𝜀𝑟 = 4.4; tan𝛿 =
multiband antennas becomes more important because the 0.02). The FR-4 substrate dimension is 55 mm × 110 mm ×
carrier aggregation technique of LTE-Advanced communica- 1 mm, and that of the antenna is 55 mm × 12 mm × 4 mm.
tion system has been released [1]. Figure 1(b) shows the detailed configuration of the radiating
In this paper, we propose a multiband antenna that element. The left side structure operates as a folded loop for
operates over the hepta-band in LTE/GSM/UMTS servi- the high-frequency band. This folded-loop structure has a
ces. The proposed antenna consists of a folded-loop wide bandwidth characteristic owing to its large thickness
and a meandered planar inverted-F antenna (MPIFA) of 4 mm [7–9], whereas the right side structure that consists
with an additional branch line. The folded-loop antenna of an MPIFA and additional branch line covers the low-
operates at the high-frequency band covering GSM1800 frequency band. Because a conventional PIFA has an insuf-
(1710–1880 MHz), GSM1900 (1850–1990 MHz), UMTS ficient frequency bandwidth for wireless communication, the
(1920–2170 MHz), LTE2300 (2305–2400 MHz), and LTE2500 proposed MPIFA has an additional branch line to increase
(2500–2690 MHz), and the MPIFA with an additional the bandwidth. This structure generates additional resonance
branch line covers the low-frequency band, including owing to the shunt capacitance between the additional branch
GSM850 (824–894 MHz) and GSM900 (880–960 MHz) line and the ground [10]. We used the HFSS v.14.0.0 by ANSYS
[2–6]. The proposed antenna satisfies the 6 dB return loss for the simulation of the proposed antenna [11].
2 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

z
x y

Feeding
point
mm
12
Ground

mm
98
55
mm

(a)
23

h
2
W2

Folded loop
W2
W2
MPIFA
h
7.5 0.5 7.5
21.5
1.5
1 11 7.5 9.5
10
3 4.5
9 2
G
1.6
1.5
W1 29 Additional
branch

Folded line
Feeding point
(b)

Figure 1: Configuration of the proposed antenna. (a) Overview. (b) Radiator.

3. Design Procedure and Parametric Study determining the resonant frequency. Figure 3 shows the
simulated return loss characteristics of various shorted strip
To demonstrate the operating principle of the proposed widths 𝑊1 of the MPIFA. As 𝑊1 decreases, the second reso-
antenna, it is divided into a folded-loop and an MPIFA nant frequency at the low band shifts to the lower frequency
structure. Figure 2 shows the simulated return loss char- side, and impedance matching in the low-frequency band
acteristics of two reference antennas (Refs. 1 and 2) and improves. However, the high-frequency band is not affected.
the proposed antenna. The single element of the folded- For overall impedance matching at the high-frequency
loop antenna (Ref. 1) has a wide return loss bandwidth band, the effect of height ℎ of the folded-loop structure is
characteristic at the high-frequency band, whereas the single shown in Figure 4. The return loss characteristic at the high-
element of the MPIFA (Ref. 2) has narrow bandwidths at frequency band is improved by increasing ℎ, whereas the
both the low and high bands. The Ref. 2 antenna without an first and second resonances at the low band remain almost
additional branch line generates the first resonance at around stationary at around 800–1000 MHz. When ℎ = 4 mm,
850 MHz and the second resonance at 2.5 GHz. By combining the 6 dB return loss bandwidth at the high-frequency band
the folded-loop structure and the MPIFA with an additional simultaneously satisfies the GSM, UMTS, and LTE bands.
branch line, the proposed antenna enhances the resonance Figure 5 shows the simulated return loss characteristic for
characteristic at the high-frequency band and has a wide various widths of the folded loop 𝑊2 . As 𝑊2 is increased, the
bandwidth characteristic at both low and high bands. effective current path of the folded loop structure is shortened
Parametric studies and optimization are performed for so that the second resonance in the high-frequency band
impedance matching at each resonant frequency and for shifts toward the higher frequency side. Therefore the overall
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 3

0 0

5 5

Return loss (dB)

Return loss (dB)

10 10

15 15

20 20

25 25

30 30
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
Proposed h = 3 mm
Ref. 1 h = 4 mm
Ref. 2 h = 5 mm

(a)
Figure 4: Return loss characteristics for various heights of the
folded-loop structure.
Feeding point

5
Return loss (dB)

Ref. 1 10
Ref. 2
(folded loop only)
(MPIFA without 15
additional branch line)
20
(b)
Figure 2: Simulated return loss characteristics of the proposed 25
antenna for the folded-loop only case (Ref. 1) and for MPIFA without
30
an additional branch line (Ref. 2) case. The dimensions of these
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
reference antennas are shown in Figure 1.
Frequency (GHz)
0 W2 = 3 mm
W2 = 2 mm
5 W2 = 1 mm
Return loss (dB)

10 Figure 5: Return loss characteristics for various widths of the

15 folded-loop structure.

20

25 0

30 5
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Return loss (dB)

10
Frequency (GHz)
W1 = 0.4 mm 15
W1 = 0.9 mm
W1 = 1.4 mm 20

25
Figure 3: Return loss characteristics of the various shorted strip
widths of MPIFA. 30
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
bandwidth at the high-frequency band is widened. When 𝑊2 Frequency (GHz)
= 3 mm, the antenna satisfies the 6 dB return loss bandwidth G = 3.5 mm
at the desired frequency band. G = 2.0 mm
Figure 6 shows the simulated return loss characteristic G = 0.5 mm
for various gap distance 𝐺. As 𝐺 is decreased, the additional
branch line is coupled strongly with MPIFA. Hence, the Figure 6: Return loss characteristics for various gap distances.
4 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

Jsurf (A/m) Jsurf (A/m)

4.00e + 002 z 4.00e + 002 z
3.43e + 002 y 3.43e + 002 y
2.86e + 002 x 2.86e + 002 x
2.28e + 002 2.28e + 002
2.00e + 002 2.00e + 002
1.43e + 002 1.43e + 002
8.57e + 001 8.57e + 001
0.00e + 000 0.00e + 000
(a) (b)
Jsurf (A/m) Jsurf (A/m)
1.00e + 002 z 1.00e + 002 z

8.57e + 001 x y 8.57e + 001 x y

7.14e + 001 7.14e + 001
5.71e + 001 5.71e + 001
4.28e + 001 4.28e + 001
2.86e + 001 2.86e + 001
1.43e + 001 1.43e + 001
0.00e + 000 0.00e + 000
(c) (d)
Figure 7: Simulated surface current distributions of the proposed antenna. (a) First resonance at low band (850 MHz). (b) Second resonance
at low band (930 MHz). (c) First resonance at high band (1810 MHz). (d) Second resonance at high band (2640 MHz).

5
Return loss (dB)

10

15

20

25

30
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Frequency (GHz)
Simulated
Measured
Figure 8: Photographs of the manufactured antenna.
Figure 9: Simulated and measured return loss characteristics of the
proposed antenna.

effective length of additional branch line becomes larger and

the second resonance in the low-frequency band shifts toward between the branch line and ground. At the resonance
the low-frequency side. When 𝐺 = 0.5 mm, the antenna has generated by the branch line, the radiation efficiency is bad
a dual resonance characteristic in the low-frequency band because of the strong coupling. To improve the radiation
and the antenna satisfies 6 dB return loss bandwidth over the characteristic in this case, a parasitic stub is added at the
GSM 850 and GSM 900 bands. As a result, the simulated 6 dB end of the additional branch line. Figures 7(a)–7(c) show
return loss bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 166 MHz that each structure, respectively, operates independently at its
(809–975 MHz) at the low-frequency band and 1028 MHz own resonance frequency. However, at the highest operating
(1675–2703 MHz) at the high-frequency band. frequency, the current is strongly distributed in both the
folded loop and MPIFA, as shown in Figure 7(d).
4. Results and Discussion Figure 8 shows the photographs of the fabricated antenna.
In the experiment, a 50-Ω coaxial line is used to feed the
Figures 7(a) and 7(b) show the simulated surface current antenna.
distributions of the MPIFA with a branch line at each Figure 9 shows the simulated and measured return loss
resonant frequency at the low band (850 and 930 MHz). characteristics of the proposed antenna. The measured results
Two different current paths exist in this structure: one flows agree well with the simulated results. The measured 6 dB
through the MPIFA; the other is formed by the coupling return loss bandwidths are 169 MHz (793–962 MHz) at the
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 5

x
x
5.00
5.00 Max
Max 0.63
0.63 0.25
0.23
−8.13
−8.13
−12.58

(dBi)
(dBi)
−12.58 −16.69
−15.89 −16.88
−16.88 Min
Min
y y

−25.63 −25.63
z z
−30.00 −30.00

(a) (b)

x Max x
5.48 5.00 Max 5.00
0.63 3.88
0.63

−8.13 −8.13
−12.58
(dBi)

−12.58

(dBi)
Min
−16.88 −11.65 −16.88
y Min y
−16.69
z −25.63 z −25.63
−30.00 −30.00
Max Max
(c) (d)
Figure 10: Measured 3D radiation patterns of the fabricated antenna at (a) 828 MHz, (b) 902 MHz, (c) 1850 MHz, and (d) 2680 MHz.

2 100 8 100
GSM 850/900 band GSM 1800/1900/UMTS/LTE 2300/2500
80 80
1 6
Efficiency (%)

Efficiency (%)
Gain (dBi)

Gain (dBi)

Gain 60 Efficiency 60
0 4
40 40
−1 2 Gain
Efficiency 20 20

−2 0 0 0
800 850 900 950 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600
Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz)
Gain Gain
Efficiency Efficiency
(a) (b)
Figure 11: Measured antenna gain and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna. (a) Low-frequency band. (b) High-frequency band.

low-frequency band and 1030 MHz (1700–2730 MHz) at the 2680 MHz, the proposed antenna shows directional patterns.
high-frequency band. This proposed antenna bandwidth is The measured radiation patterns are suitable for practical
wide enough to cover the desired hepta-band. mobile communication systems.
Figure 10 shows the measured radiation patterns of the Figure 11 shows the measured radiation efficiency and
proposed antenna at each resonant frequency. At low fre- measured gains of the proposed antenna. The measured
quencies of 828 and 902 MHz, the proposed antenna shows radiation efficiency is approximately 24%–44% and 40%–
omnidirectional patterns. At high frequencies of 1850 and 78% at the low and high band, respectively. The radiation
6 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

60∘ Distance between center

of antenna case and hand
phantom = 28 mm

Antenna
case

Spacer

Distance between center of antenna

case and head phantom = 7 mm

(a)

5.05 4.37

4.04 3.50
Scaling (W/kg)

Scaling (W/kg)
3.03 2.62

2.02 1.75

Proposed antenna Proposed antenna

1.01 0.87

0.00 0.00

(b) (c)

Figure 12: SAR simulation models. (a) Simulation setup. (b) SAR distribution in the head phantom at 1795 MHz. (c) SAR distribution in the
head and hand phantoms at 1795 MHz.

efficiency at the low band is lower than that at the high The simulated results for the return loss, SAR values,
band owing to the coupling between the ground plane and desired input power, which do not exceed the SAR
and branch line. The measured gain varies from −0.91 to limit (1.6 W/kg), are listed in Table 2. Because the proposed
0.25 dBi at the low band and from 1.4 to 5.48 dBi at the high antenna covers the hepta-band, the simulated frequencies
band. are chosen to be the center frequency of each desired
To evaluate the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the band. When the input power is 1 W, the maximum SAR
proposed antenna, a SAR simulation model that includes values are 5.05 W/kg for the head only and 4.37 W/kg for
head and hand phantoms supported by SEMCAD is used [12]. the head and hand at 1795 MHz. The American National
The relative permittivity and conductivity of the phantom Standards Institute requires that the SAR value should be
used in the simulation are listed in Table 1. below 1.6 W/kg over a volume of 1 g of tissue [14]. To
Figure 12(a) shows the simulation setup for the antenna satisfy the SAR limitation, the input power should be below
with phantoms. The antenna, including the casing, is held 0.31 W.
by the hand phantom and attached to the head phantom. The simulated antenna gain and efficiency with the
The distance between the center of the antenna case and head and hand phantoms are listed in Table 3. The antenna
hand phantom is 28 mm, and that between the center of the efficiency and gain with head and hand phantoms are reduced
antenna case and head phantom is 7 mm. These simulation substantially since the antenna placed at the bottom side of a
setups are based on the method used in [13]. Figures 12(b) terminal is wrapped around by the hand.
and 12(c) show the SAR distributions at 1795 MHz where Figure 13 shows the measured SAR distribution for the
the SAR value is maximum. These distributions indicate that fabricated antenna on the head phantom. The SPEAG dosi-
the maximum points of the SAR are located beneath the ear metric assessment system (DASY-4) was used to perform
position. SAR measurements [15]. The 1 g and 10 g SAR values when the
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 7

0.000 0.000

−5.82 −6.30

−11.6 −12.6
(dB)

(dB)
−17.5 −18.9

−23.3 −25.2

−29.1 −31.5
0 dB = 0.86 W/kg 0 dB = 3.09 W/kg
(a) (b)
Figure 13: Measured SAR distributions in the head phantom (a) at 840 MHz and (b) at 1850 MHz (input power: 0.1 W).

Table 1: Relative permittivity and conductivity in the simulation.

Head Hand
Frequency (MHz)
Relative permittivity Conductivity Relative permittivity Conductivity
859 41.5 0.9 30.3 0.59
920 41.5 0.97 30 0.62
1795 40 1.4 27 0.99
1920 40 1.4 26.7 1.04
2045 40 1.4 26.5 1.09
2352.5 39.2 1.8 25.7 1.32
2595 39.2 1.8 25.7 1.32

Table 2: Simulated results of the return loss and SAR for the proposed antenna with the head and hand models.

Frequency Head only Head and hand

(MHz) Return Loss Input power for Return Loss Input power for
1-g SAR (W/kg) 1-g SAR (W/kg)
(dB) limit [14] (W) (dB) limit [14] (W)
859 14.94 3.84 0.41 6.43 2.27 0.70
920 6.78 4.59 0.34 6.74 3.06 0.52
1795 13.8 5.05 0.31 9.55 4.37 0.36
1920 8.75 4.34 0.36 7.19 3.74 0.42
2045 6.63 4.26 0.37 6.36 3.32 0.48
2352.5 4.36 3.74 0.42 4.49 2.17 0.73
2595 12.24 2.97 0.53 8.13 1.11 1.44

input power is 0.1 W and input powers that should not exceed 5. Conclusion
the SAR limit [14] are listed in Table 4. The measured SAR
values are greater than simulated ones, because the antenna A multiband antenna for the LTE/GSM/UMTS band opera-
is attached to the phantom without a case in the measurement tion has been proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna,
setup. which consists of the MPIFA and folded-loop antenna, has
8 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

Table 3: Simulated gain and efficiency for the proposed antenna with the head and hand phantoms.

Head only Head and hand

Frequency (MHz)
Gain (dBi) Efficiency (%) Gain (dBi) Efficiency (%)
859 −3.34 17.03 −8.06 7.02
920 −3.10 12.72 −7.06 7.49
1795 3.81 49.14 0.98 21.52
1920 3.96 46.14 1.62 21.13
2045 4.06 42.60 1.77 20.09
2352.5 4.19 35.58 0.58 14.20
2595 2.33 50.17 0.97 22.33

Table 4: Measured 1-g and 10-g SAR values for the fabricated antenna with head phantom (input power: 0.1 W).

Head phantom
Frequency (MHz)
1-g SAR 10-g SAR Input power for limit [14] (W)
(W/kg) (W/kg)
840 0.79 0.44 0.202
935 1.00 0.64 0.160
1850 2.79 1.51 0.057
2450 2.03 0.99 0.078

four resonant frequencies. The antenna provides wide 6 dB mobile phone applications,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
return loss bandwidth at both the low and high bands. The Propagation, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 488–491, 2013.
measured results of the fabricated antenna agree well with the [4] J. Anguera, A. Andujar, and C. Garcia, “Multiband and small
simulated results. The measured radiation patterns are almost coplanar antenna system for wireless handheld devices,” IEEE
omnidirectional, and the measured efficiency is suitable for Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 7, pp.
the desired LTE/GSM/UMTS band. 3782–3789, 2013.
[5] K. L. Wong, W. Y. Chen, and T. W. Kang, “On-board printed
coupled-fed loop antenna in close proximity to the surrounding
Conflict of Interests ground plane for penta-band WWAN mobile phone,” IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 3, pp.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests 751–757, 2011.
regarding the publication of this paper.
[6] X. Zhao, K. Kwon, and J. Choi, “MIMO antenna using resonance
of ground planes for 4G mobile application,” The Journal of
Acknowledgments Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 51–
53, 2013.
This research was supported in part by the MSIP (Ministry
[7] Y. L. Ban, J. H. Chen, J. L. W. Li, and Y. Wu, “Small-size printed
of Science, ICT & Future Planning), Korea, under the coupled-fed antenna for eight-band LTE/GSM/UMTS wireless
ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support wide area network operation in an internal mobile handset,” IET
program (NIPA-2014-H0301-14-1017) supervised by the NIPA Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 399–407,
(National IT Industry Promotion Agency), and in part by the 2013.
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded [8] K. L. Wong, M. F. Tu, C. Y. Wu, and W. Y. Li, “On-board 7-band
by the Korean government (MSIP) (no. 2010-0017934). WWAN/LTE antenna with small size and compact integration
with nearby ground plane in the mobile phone,” Microwave and
Optical Technology Letters, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2847–2853, 2010.
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