G1.1.

DC-DC converters is known as:

a. controlled rectifiers
b. AC voltage controllers
c. DC chopper
d. Inverters

G1.2. What is power electronics?

The primary task of power electronics is to process and control the flow of electric energy by
supplying voltages and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user loads.

G1.3. Which of the following is one of the characteristics of the ideal switch?
a. It must be completely turned on and off instantaneously.
b. It must have a high dv/dt, tending to infinity.
c. It must have a high di/dt, tending to infinity.
d. All of them.

G1.4. On -state in ideal switch characteristics:

a. carry high forward current tending to infinity.
b. voltage across the device is infinity.
c. both a and b
d. no correct answer

G1.5. The thyristor is a:

a. half controlled device
b. uncontrolled device
c. Fully-controlled device
d. none of the above

G1.6. when the ideal switch is on the On-State the voltage across the device equals:
a. infinity
b. 5v
c. zero
d. none of the above

G1.7. One of the advantages of power electronic converters is:

a. easy and flexibility in operation due to digital controls.
b. it doesn't generate unwanted harmonics.
c. it doesn't generate unwanted interference with communication circuits.
d. it has a high power factor.

G1.8. Choosing filter cutoff frequency (f0) should be .......switching frequency (fs)
a. equal
b. larger than
c. smaller than
G1.9. In the ideal switch's off-state:
a. the current through the device is 0.
b. the current through the device is infinity.
c. the voltage across the device is zero.
d. the power loss across the device is infinity.

G1.10. Alternative energy system is one of applications on power converter such as:
a. Wind generator
b. rectifier
c. solar power
d. both a and c

G1.11. The power electronics devices classified into:

a. uncontrolled device and half controlled device
b. half controlled device and fully controlled device
c. uncontrolled device and fully controlled device
d. uncontrolled device, half controlled device and fully controlled device

G1.12. one of the main disadvantages of power electronic converter:

a. generate unwanted harmonics.
b. low efficiency.
c. big size and cast.
d. not easy to implement (complex).

G1.13. What is the disadvantage of power electronics converters?

Generate unwanted harmonics.
Harmonics are injected into power supply lines affecting the performance of
other loads.

G2.1. A p-type semiconductor material is doped with ………. Impurities whereas a n-type
semiconductor material is doped with ………. Impurities
a. acceptor, donor
b. acceptor, acceptor
c. donor, donor
d. donor, acceptor

G2.2. The p-region has a greater concentration of ____ as compared to the n-region in a P-N junction.
a. holes
b. electrons
c. both holes & electrons
d. phonons
G2.3. Which of the following is true in case of a power diode with R load?
a. I grows almost linearly with V
b. I decays almost linearly with V
c. I is independent of V
d. I initial grows than decays.

G2.4. A diode is said to be forward biased when the

a. cathode is positive with respect to the anode.
b. anode is positive with respect to the cathode.
c. anode is negative with respect to the anode.
d. both cathode & anode are positive

G2.5. The switching speed of power diodes is ........... than the switching speed of signal diodes.
a. higher
b. lower
c. equal
d. None of them

G2.6. The forward voltage drop across a silicon diode is about ……….
a. 2.5 V
b. 3V
c. 10 V
d. 0.7 V

G2.7. The n-region has a greater concentration of ........... as compared to the p-region in a P-N junction
diode.
a. holes
b. electrons
c. both holes & electrons
d. phonons

G2.8. Which of the below mentioned statements is false regarding a p-n junction diode?
a. Diodes are uncontrolled devices.
b. Diodes are rectifying devices.
c. Diodes are unidirectional devices.
d. Diodes have three terminals.

G2.9. Types of power diodes is/are..............

a. rectifier diode
b. fast recovery diode
c. schottky diode
d. all of the mentioned
G2.10. The static and dynamic resistance are .......and ....... of a P-N junction germanium diode if the
temperature is 27 Co and Is=1μA for an applied forward bias of 0.2V.
a. 87.6 ohm & 15.5 ohm
b. 90.7 ohm & 20.4 ohm
c. 87.6 ohm & 11.3 ohm
d. 11.3 ohm & 77.6 ohm

Explanation:
[1] Forward current => 𝐼𝐷 = 𝐼𝑠× 𝑒^(𝑉𝐷/𝑛𝑉𝑇) & 𝑽𝑻=𝒌𝑻/𝒒 so 𝑽𝑻 = 0.025 v & 𝐼𝐷 = 2.28 mA
[2] Static resistance=> 𝑹𝑫=𝑽𝑫/𝑰𝑫 so 𝑹𝑫=87.6 ohm
[3] Dynamic resistance=> 𝒓𝒅=∆𝑽𝑫/∆𝑰𝑫 =𝒏𝑽𝑻/(𝑰𝑫 + 𝑰𝒔) so 𝒓𝒅 = 11.3 ohm

G2.11. Diode is …......

a. unidirectional
b. bidirectional
c. unidirectional or bidirectional

G2.12. When the p-n junction diode is forward biased, the width of the depletion region ____
a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains Constant
d. increases than Decreases.

G2.13. Power diode is ____

a. a three terminal semiconductor device
b. a two terminal semiconductor device
c. a four terminal semiconductor device
d. a three terminal analog device

G3.1. What is the ripple factor?

The ripple factor is a measure of the ripple content 𝑅 =

G3.2. What is the points of interest in analyzing any converter circuit?

• Waveforms of voltage and current.
• The characteristic values like the average and rms values.
• Harmonic content in the output and input.
• Effect of the load type on the waveforms.

G3.3. For a single phase half wave rectifier, the rectifier efficiency is always constant & it is
a. 4/π^2
b. 8/π^2
c. 100
d. 2/π^2
G3.4. A freewheeling diode is phase-controlled rectifiers.
a. Stops rectifier operations.
b. Improves line power factor.
c. Is the reason for additional harmonics.
d. Is the reason for the sudden breakdown.

G3.5. By using a freewheeling diode (FD) in a rectifier with RL load, the power consumed by the load.
a. increases
b. decreases
c. is not affected.
d. decreases to zero.

G3.6. 1-phase half wave diode rectifier with R load, has input voltage of 240 V. The input power factor
is .............
a. Unity
b. 0.707 lag
c. 0.56 lag
d. 0.865 lag

G3.7. ........... is a measure of the shape of the output voltage.

a. displacement factor
b. harmonic factor
c. the crest factor
d. form factor

G3.8. The form factor is the ratio of………

a. Peak value to r.m.s. value
b. r.m.s. value to average value
c. Average value to r.m.s. value
d. None of the above.

G3.9. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is the ratio of…….

a. rms value of all the harmonic components to the rms value of the fundamental component
b. average value of all the harmonic components to the rms value of the fundamental component
c. rms value of all the third harmonic component to the rms value of the fundamental component
d. rms value of all the fundamental component to the rms value of all the harmonic components

G3.10. In rectifiers large ...... is used as a filter to achieve ripple-free dc output.

a. Diode
b. Resistance
c. Capacitor
d. Coil
G3.11. A 1-phase half wave diode rectifier with R = 1 KΩ, has input voltage of 240 V. The diode peak
current is……...
a. Zero
b. 240mA
c. 24mA
d. 0.24mA

G4.1. For an SCR in the reverse blocking mode, (practically)

a. leakage current does not flow.
b. leakage current flows from anode to cathode
c. leakage current flows from cathode to anode
d. leakage current flows from gate to anode

G4.2. Delay time is defined as the time interval between 10% of gate current and .......of thyristor on-
state current.
a. 90%
b. 63%
c. 10%
d. 100%

G4.3. The minimum value of anode current below which it must fall to completely turn-off the device
is called as the …………….
a. holding current value
b. latching current value
c. switching current value
d. peak anode current value

G4.4. The normal way to turn on a SCR is by …………….

a. Breakover voltage
b. Appropriate anode current
c. Appropriate gate current
d. None of the above

G4.5. The forward break over voltage is maximum when …………….

a. Gate current = ∞
b. Gate current = 0
c. Gate current = -∞
d. It is independent of gate current.
G4.6. The capacitance of reversed biased junction J2 in a thyristor is CJ2 = 20 pF and can be assumed
to be independent of the off-state voltage. The limiting value of the charging current to turn on
the thyristor is 16 mA.
What is the critical value of dv/dt?
a. 600 V/µs.
b. 800 V/µs.
c. 1200 V/µs.
d. 1000 V/µs.

G4.7. Identify three different ways that an SCR or a TRIAC may be triggered into its “on”
(conducting) state.
Answer:
 Applying a voltage pulse at the gate terminal
 Exceeding the anode-to-cathode “breakover” voltage
 Exceeding the “critical rate of rise” for anode-cathode voltage 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡

G4.8. It refers to the minimum anode current required to maintain the thyristor
in the on-state immediately after a thyristor has been turned on and the
gate signal has been removed.
a. number 2 it called Latching Current and It is symbolized by IL.
b. number 2 it called Holding Current, and It is symbolized by IH.
c. number 1 it called Latching Current and It is symbolized by IL.
d. number 5 it called Forward Leakage Current, and It is symbolized by IL.

G4.9. Compared to transistors, thyristors have .... on-state conduction losses and .... power handling
capability.
a. same, same
b. lower, higher
c. higher, higher

G5.1. A chopper may be thought as a.......

a. Inverter with DC input.
b. DC equivalent of an AC transformer.
c. Diode rectifier.
d. DC equivalent of an induction motor.

G5.2. A fully controlled converter uses……

a. diodes only.
b. thyristors only.
c. both diodes and thyristors.
d. none of the mentioned.
G5.3. For a firing angle 60 degree in respect of a single-phase half-wave-controlled rectifier with resistive load
supplied form a 230 V(rms) 50 Hz supply, the average output voltage would be ..........
a. 77.5 V.
b. 52 V.
c. 155 V.
d. 104 V.

G5.4. ............ is a one-quadrant converter and it has one polarity.

a. semi-converter.
b. Full-converter.
c. Dual-converter.

G5.5. ...........can operate in four-quadrants; both the output voltage and current can be either positive or
negative.
a. semi-converter.
b. dual-converter.
c. full-converter.
G5.6. In the process of diode-based rectification, the alternating input voltage is converted into ………
a. an uncontrolled alternating output voltage.
b. an uncontrolled direct output voltage.
c. a controlled alternating output voltage.
d. a controlled direct output voltage.

G5.7. In a single-phase half-wave thyristor circuit with R load & Vs=Vm sinwt the maximum value of
the load current can be given by:
a. 2Vm/R.
b. Vs/R.
c. Vm/2.
d. Vs/2.

G5.8. In a single-phase half-wave circuit with RL load and a freewheeling diode, the freewheeling
period is ........
a. 0 to π.
b. α to π+α.
c. π to 2π+α.
d. π/2 to 2π-α.

G5.9. The RMS value of the output voltage of a full-wave rectifier, Vₒ(RMS) = .......
a. Vmax/2.
b. √(Vmax/2).
c. Vmax/√2.
d. Vmax²/2.
G5.10. A single-phase full wave rectifier is a ………
a. single pulse rectifier.
b. multiple pulse rectifier.
c. two pulse rectifier.
d. three pulse rectifier.

G5.11. In a half-wave rectifier, the …….

a. current & voltage both are bi-directional.
b. current & voltage both are uni-directional.
c. current is always uni-directional but the voltage can be bidirectional or uni-directional.
d. current can be bi-directional or uni-directional but the voltage is always uni-directional.

G5.12. The phase control rectifiers efficiency is ....

a. 100%.
b. Less than 95%.
c. More than 95%.
d. No answer.

G5.13. The average DC output voltage in full wave rectifier equals:

a. (2 Vmax/ π )cos α.
b. (Vmax/ 2 π )cos α.
c. (2 Vmax π )cos α.
d. (2π /Vmax)cos α.

G6.1. In a Single-Phase full Converters with inductive loads if two of the full converters are
connected back-to-back …… can be reversed
a. Output voltage
b. Load current
c. a and b
d. none of the mentioned

G6.2. A Single-Phase Dual-Converter can run a DC motors in either direction with speed control too.
a. True.
b. False.

G6.3. In circulating current mode dual converters, the circulating current is avoided by…….
a. connecting a series reactor.
b. maintaining α1 + α2 = 180°
c. operating only one converter
d. adding an extra SCR.

G6.4. A single full converter alone can given a…….

a. four quadrant operation
b. three quadrant operation
c. two quadrant operation
d. none of the mentioned
G6.5. A dual converters has
a. two full converters in series
b. two half converters in series
c. two full converters in anti-parallel
d. two half converters in anti-parallel

G6.6. In case of circulating current type dual converters, the reactor is inserted between……
a. supply and converter
b. across the load
c. between the converters
d. no reactor is used in case of circulating type dual converter.

G6.7. Dual converters provide......

a. two quadrant operation
b. three quadrant operation
c. four quadrant operation
d. none of the mentioned

G6.8. Modes of operation of dual converter

a. Non-circulating current mode of operation.
b. Circulating current mode of operation.
c. A and B
d. Nothing of above

G6.9. One of the Advantage of Circulating Current Mode of Operation is:

-The converter thyristors should be rated to carry a peak current much greater than the peak
load current.
a. True.
b. False.
c. Maybe.

G6.10. Choose the correct statement:

a. Circulating current type is faster in operation.
b. Non-circulating current type is faster in operation.
c. Both the types have the same speed of operation.
d. Circulating current improves power factor.

G7.1. Calculate peak-peak voltage if Vmax=1 V and Vmin=-1 V.

a. 6V
b. 2V
c. 3V
d. 1V
G7.2. The output voltage of buck-boost converter is always……
a. Positive
b. Negative
c. Higher than > 10
d. Both a & b

G7.3. The load voltage of a chopper can be controlled by varying the …...
a. duty cycle
b. firing angle
c. reactor position
d. extinction angle

Explanation:
The output voltage can be changed by changing the duty cycle (Ton/T)

G7.4. Which device can be used in a chopper circuit?

a. BJT
b. MOSFET
c. GTO
d. All of the mentioned

G7.5. In the .................... type of chopper, two stage conversions take place.
a. AC-DC
b. AC link
c. DC link
d. None of the mentioned

G7.6. a boost converter (step up converter) is a ....... power converter?

a. DC to AC
b. AC to DC
c. DC to DC
d. AC to AC
G7.7. A chopper is a …….
a. Time ratio controller
b. AC to DC converter
c. DC transformer
d. High speed semiconductor switch
G7.8. 3. A chopper may be thought as a ……...
a. Inverter with DC input
b. DC equivalent of an AC transformer
c. Diode rectifier
d. DC equivalent of an induction motor
G7.9. Choppers converter…….
a. AC to DC
b. DC to AC
c. DC to DC
d. AC to AC

G7.10. boost converter has an output voltage ...... than its input voltage.
a. greater
b. less
c. equal
d. no answer

G7.11. In a step down chopper, if Vs = 100 V and the chopper is operated at a duty cycle of 75 %. Find
the output voltage.
a. 100 V
b. 75 V
c. 25 V
d. none of the mentioned

Explanation:
Vo = Duty cycle x Vs = 0.75 x 100 = 75 V.

G7.12. The buck-boost converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude
that is ....
a. Greater than input voltage magnitude.
b. Less than input voltage magnitude.
c. Always equal to zero.
d. Both A and B

G8.1. Consider the operation of the cycloconverter to get one-fourth of the input frequency at the
output. For the first two cycles of vs, __.
a. The negative converter operates supplying current to the load.
b. The negative converter operates supplying voltage to the load.
c. The positive converter operates supplying voltage to the load.
d. The positive converter operates supplying current to the load.

G8.2. Which of the following is a unidirectional controller?

a. Single-Phase Half-Wave controller.
b. Single-Phase Full-Wave controller.
c. Three-Phase Half-Wave controller.
d. Three-Phase Full-Wave controller.
e. a, b.
f. a, c.
G8.3. Thyristor cycloconverters Can be classified into single-phase and three-phase according to ___
a. the number of phases at output
b. the number of phases at input
c. the value of power
d. None of the above

G8.4. In on-off control........

a. thyristor switches connect the load to the ac source for a few cycles of the input voltage and then
disconnect for a few cycles.
b. thyristor switches connect the load to the ac source for a portion of each cycle.
c. A and B.
d. None of the above

G8.5. High frequency gating uses a ___

a. train of pulses
b. continuous gating block
c. carrier signal
d. none of the above

G8.6. which of these applications are an example of ac voltage controllers?

a. Industrial heating
b. On-load transformer tap changing
c. Light controls
d. all the above

G8.7. A single phase voltage controller has input of 230 V and a load of 15 Ω resistive. For 6 cycles on
and 4 cycles off, determine the power delivered to the load.
a. 2.1 W
b. 2.1 kW
c. 516 W
d. 5.16 kW

G8.8. The dc out of each rectifier in single phase cycloconverter is:

a. Vd = (π/2) cos(α)
b. vd = (2.828/π) cos(α)
c. Vd = (2.828/π) sin(α)
d. Vd = (2.828/π) sin(π)

G8.9. The single phase mid-point type cycloconverter uses ____ number of SCRs.
a. 4
b. 8
c. 6
d. none of the mentioned
G8.10. A single phase voltage controller has input of 230 V and a load of 15 Ω resistive. For 6 cycles on
and 4 cycles off, determine the rms output voltage.
a. 189 V
b. 260 V
c. 156 V
d. 178 V

G8.11. A cycloconverter is a __
a. one stage power converter
b. one stage voltage converter
c. one stage frequency converter
d. none of the mentioned

G8.12. If k is the duty cycles of the controller, then the rms value of the output voltage in case of a
integral cycle control circuit will be? (Consider the input to be sinusoidal with peak value Vm
and rms value Vs.)
a. Vs x k
b. Vs/k
c. Vs x √k
d. Vs

G8.13. In continues gating ___

a. SCR is heated up.
b. communication cannot be achieved effectively.
c. overlap angle is very high.
d. size of the pulse transformer is very small.

G8.14. Thyristor cycloconverters (AC to AC frequency converter) can be classified into... according to
the number of phases at output.
a. single-phase only
b. three-phase only
c. a and b
d. None of the above

G8.15. The given controller circuit is a…...

a. half wave controller
b. full wave controller
c. none of the mentioned
d. will depend upon the firing angle.
G8.16. AC voltage controllers convert ___.
a. fixed ac to fixed dc.
b. variable ac to variable dc
c. fixed ac to variable ac
d. variable ac to fixed ac.

G8.17. A single phase voltage controller has input of 230 V and a load of 15 Ω resistive. For 6 cycles on
and 4 cycles off, determine the input pf.
a. 0.6
b. 0.7746
c. 0.855
d. 0.236

G8.18. Pulse gating is suitable for __.

a. R loads only.
b. R and RL loads
c. RL loads only.
d. all types of loads

G8.19. A single-phase full-wave ac voltage controller in Figure has a resistive load of R =10 Ω and the
input voltage is Vs = 120 V (rms), 60 Hz. The delay angles of thyristors T1 and T2 are equal:
α1= α2=α= π/2. determine the average current of thyristors IA
a. 3.5
b. 2
c. 4.1
d. 2.7

G8.20. In AC voltage controllers the __.

a. variable ac with fixed frequency is obtained.
b. variable ac with variable frequency is obtained.
c. variable dc with fixed frequency is obtained.
d. variable dc with variable frequency is obtained.

G8.21. Step-down cycloconverters are less widely used than step-up ones.
a. true
b. false
c. maybe
d. can’t decide.

G8.22. In the principle of phase control __.

a. the load is on for some cycles and off for some cycles
b. control is achieved by adjusting the firing angle of the devices
c. control is achieved by adjusting the number of on off cycles
d. control cannot be achieved.
G8.23. A single phase voltage controller has input of 230 V and a load of 15 Ω resistive. For 6 cycles on
and 4 cycles off, determine the average value of SCR current.
a. 21.68 A
b. 200 mA
c. 4.14 A
d. 2.07 A

G8.24. The power flow into a load can be controlled by varying the rms value of the load voltage, this
can be accomplished by __.
a. diodes only
b. thyristors only
c. both diodes and thyristors
d. none of the mentioned

G8.25. In the integral cycle control method of ac voltage controller __.

a. the average power delivered to the load is controlled.
b. the instantaneous power delivered to the load is controlled.
c. the frequency of output voltage is controlled.
d. none of the mentioned.

G8.26. A single-phase half wave voltage controller consists of __.

a. one SCR is parallel with one diode.
b. one SCR is anti-parallel with one diode.
c. two SCRs in parallel
d. two SCRs in anti-parallel.