: Free time

On school days I don't get long free time because of too

much homework I have to do. I usually get two free hours
every day. Then I can do what I like. I thing that watching
T.V programmers is more interesting than watching video
films. In my opinion, I think reading magazine is enjoyable
and it's boring to read books and newspaper. I like to
spend my holiday with my family; we usually go together
to shopping center and some times to the cinema. On
weekend, I prefer to visit my friend and spend lovely time
with hear in her house.

: Wild life

Whales are found in most seas, but all the large species of
whales are in danger of becoming extinct. Although whales
are protected by the international agreement, they are
hunted by the whaling countries Japan, Norway and
others for their oil and whale's oil and musk, pet food and
fertilizers. How caught whales are cashed by fast catcher
boats then are killed with weapons, guns. After that they
are taken to factory ships.\\Finally they are cut up *****d
and turned in to oil.

: A letter to a party
Dear hanan,
I am inviting some friends on my birthday party next week
on friend night, at 8 pm in my house.//It's going to be an
amazing birthday party. There will be some music
equipment which we are going to play on, so we can sing
and dance. //At the end of the party, we are going to get out
to garden to play and grill some steaks. //So you are invited
to my birthday party, if you want to bring your small sister
because there will be a funny clown and some thing to
children.
See you soon.
: Childhood memories
When I was eight I used to live in the same house as I do
now. ALi, Mohammed, and Noor used to be my best friends.
I used to like chocolate, Pizza and ice cream, but I didn't
used to like fish or rice and I never used to drink milk.
Barbie used to be my favorite toy, which I like to spend
long time playing with it. The water garden, Adari park
and Salmania park used to be my favorite places. //But I
used to hate to go to school and hospitals. When I was little
I used to like riding bikes. Swimming and watching T.V
and I always wanted to be a doctor.

: Responsibilities at home
Every person in this world has lots of responsibilities to do
and I am one of them. For example I have to look after my
little sister and help my younger sister with her
homework. I also have to give my father the shopping list
and I have to do lots of homework. Some times I have to
help my mother with *****ng and shopping but I don't have
to wash the dishes or to clean the garden. In my opinion I
think it's good to have responsibilities because this will
help me in future when I have my own houses and kids.\\
I don't always fulfill my responsibilities because I
sometime have lots of homework to do. When this happens
my mother shouts at me.

: My dream room
I am a 15 years old student, which always dreams of
having her own bedroom. //I thinks my bedroom is going to
be big and blue. It's going to have tow windows with white
curtains. My bed is going to be decorated with blue fish.
//In my bedroom, there will be a T.V and stereo system, so I
can listen to music while reading. I am going to home a big
swimming pool in my bathroom, with a lot of toys. //My
room is going to be always clean and comfortable as well.
: A letter about planning a trip !" # $ )
Dear Mohammed,
Hi how are you? It's a long since you wrote to me. I miss
you so much. I am writing this letter to tell you about my
next Friday. My friend and we are going to the desert for a
bout three days. We are taking a ten. Some sleeping bogs,
some food drinks with us. I am going to talk my calotte
player and the camera as well. //We are playing to do many
thing like slinging, dancing, taking some photos and
*****ng. I am sure we are going to have a nice time to
gather. I hope you can come.

: shcool%
My name is Hassan. I study at a secondary school. I like my
school but I so me times feel bored. For me the most
interesting subject is geography because you can learn
about other people in other countries. English however is
the most useful. I need it for my future career. Arabic is so
boring that I sometime fall a sleep in the class. But the
most enjoy able subject is sport it is the easiest also. I des
like maths. My school is modern and nice. I really enjoy
the break time with my friends end the visits to the
museum with the teacher.

: holiday% &

Last week I visited the national park in lganda. It is a nice

place to see the animals, the different birds, monkeys ..... I
stayed in a small comfortable d hut by the river side. the
viem was breath-leaking and the 3o meters high waterfall
were great. I took aired on a small boot to see the hippos
and crocodiles. I also droved jeep with a ranger who told
me a lot about the lion and the monkey. During the night
the weather was great as it was the dry season and so we
steady by the campfire ate grilled fish and listened to the
stories of the rangers about the poachers. The trip was
great. We really enjoyed and I made new friends
' ( ) %& * .....My Dream House

I have many. I have always dreamt of becoming a

businessman one day, with a lot of money, a fancy car and
a wonderful house.
My dream house is a palace like; for from the noise and
pollution of the city. My house is two – storey building
with spare bedrooms for my friends to stay. I equipped
with central
AC. There is also indoor, swimming pool.
Last but not least, my dream house is surroded by
beautiful garden. The living
room is equipped with Hi-Fi and sound system

& + ,#-
Hani is a student in Ahmed ALomran secondary school. He
is sixteen years old. He has apart-time job in a
supermarket. He is a cashier. He works for eight hours a
day after he finishes school. He earns money, which he
needs to help his family.
The problem he face is that he gets tired every day after he
finishes his work. He doesn’t have enough time to do his
homework. He gets lower marks in his exams. He fined it
difficult to combine between job and school. He usually
studies at work. He missed his friends and the school
activities.
Hani wants to work as doctor in the future. He works
because he needs the money at the moment. Most of his
money goes to his family but he uses some to by cloths and
CDs. I think that he is success. It is work gives hem self
respect.

% . /) & Rubbish in school

In Bahrain, as in most countries in the world. People care
little about waste, pollution and running the environment.
They usually get rid of their rubbish everywhere. Is it the
same inside schools? Unfortunately the answer is yes. First
of all, we should know the ingredients of the rubbish is
school waste paper used books and not books, use less
pens left-over food, empty soft drinks cans and plastic bags
are common waste in our school. Even though the school
provides trashcans, most students end net to use them
regularly. The result is that waste can seen all over the
places inside the school.
Now the important question is whether rubbish is
separated for recycling. The answer is yes and no while
soft drinks cans are collected by school workers for
recycling, waste paper is after collected be throw away.
Last but not least, I’ve lived that recycling the soft drinks
can is appositive pveca dure, but recycling the school
waste paper can be very profitable, as well. In addition, I a
duise students use the trash cans and keep our school and
healthy.

% %
Last weekend we decided to go an a picnic. I went with my
friends we started to collect the money to buy the food and
the drinks; we went there by one my friends’ car. We
started our journey early in the morning. The trip took
half on hour. We arrived there at nine o’clock.
Suddenly the weather over turned. The sky turned dark, a
storm blew and heavy rain poured. We couldn’t get out of
our room. We spent most of the day placing cards,
watching T.V and listening to the songs. In the evening we
collected our belonging and drove back to the city.
We arrived to the city. Every one went to his house. We
were so un happy because we couldn’t swim or play on the
beach. I hope that weather will be fine next time. We
arranged to have another picnic next month.

0 ! $1 %
Dear Ali,
Hello. I hope you’re doing very well. I’ve decided to write
this letter to you to tell you about what I’ve been doing
recently. I’ve gone with my family to one of the biggest zoo
in London and we’re san various kinds of animals. We had
a great time I’ve also given on avulse ship with some of my
friends.
% 2 3 " !4)
Two boys set out on a picnic in the morning. The weather
was nice and the sky was clear. They were taking some
food with them. They didn’t have a compass.
As soon as they arrived at the desert where they wanted to
explore the place, the weather change and came over cast.
It begins to rain heavily. They got lost in the desert. They
didn’t know the directions. The time passed and they were
very tired. The food supply was over and they had little
water. They took a ****ter of old house.
In the evening a rescue team set out search for them. The
team found them after along time of searching. The boys
were very exhausted and sick. They were taken to the
hospital he here their parents were waiting for them. They
said that it was very exciting experience in their life
 !

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 Adverbs

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_____________________

5" .

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?K .
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played .
 * Naser is a very popular teacher.
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D M-4 ! N popular .

*He played very well

5 ?K .
$# L &% K O very @%
) $ well.

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!"
# $ %&

Q *" > R/ # A S 4 %T/ KS =S % ..

G@H ! $ EUV 6J ..
Adverbs of place,location &direction

" <? W' " $ E X*V F $ 1" YZ

5"0 [ .
 5" /Examples

here-there
\ :

The pen was here on my desk.

D ]" . = $ .

It is there on the table.

, . \ A%#.

outside
^7 V D/

It’s raining outside.

?7 , <%#.

upstairs
.0 D/6+ /

There are two bedrooms upstairs.

.0 D/ 1 */ _ \

away
7 *4 E

Don’t go away mad.

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 . `S K @) 1" a Where?
@ D/ / " . !<S) ..

5"/

There are two bedrooms upstairs.

$ ) `S b# /
Where are the two bedrooms?

D c % < & 1" D* E ?H $ Upstairs

******************************
 N% < " R 1 "! B d EUV 6 % e)
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Adverbs of manners

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easily
<SE

You can send your family easily by using the e-mail.

D% * H ) - M) O 1. <SE h !4 $ W ,*S .

slowly
3D,-E

Why is that man walking so slowly?

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loudly
W " D .> 9

Our neighbors play their radio

so loudly we cannot sleep at night.

> E ) j <? ! 82*E % ? k )

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 [ 5" /

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&
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)( (
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@ D/ / " . !<S) ..

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Our neighbors play their radio so

loudly we cannot sleep at night.

$ ) `S b# /
How our neighbors play their radio?

In what manner our neighbors play their radio ?

D c % < & 1" D* E ?H $ loudly

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Adverbs of time & duration

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5"0 .

5" /Examples

tomorrow
_

See you tomorrow.

_\7.

Tonight

I am going to bed early tonight.

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Today
k

I have arough day today.

k 4 ' " ) F . $ 4.

Yet
E

None of my brothers arrived yet.

E D # 1" J .
 [ 5" /

early
eventually
later
still
soon
initially.
now
then
last year
this evening
at night
in the morning
before

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@ D/ / " . !<S) ..

5"/

I am going to bed early tonight.

$ ) `S b# /
When I am going to my bed?

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******************************
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Always
g

salem always leaves his desk neat

when he goes home in the afternoon.

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Never
E

I never heard of asuch thing.

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Often
- _

We do not go there very often.

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 It’s usually warm here if the sun’s out.
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salem always leaves his desk neat when he goes home in

the afternoon.

$ ) `S b# /
How often Salem leaves his disk neat ........home??

D c % < & 1" D* E ?H $ always

******************************
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1)

Where have you been?

iqm 1)

When
*"

When can she see me?

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how
why
which
p #..

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5" /Examples

Where
1)

Do you know where the bus station is?

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How
(

We were worried about how he would get the money?

i A 1. 1 '

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Very
56 ?

It was a very nice of you to invite us.

% . $ ? ) s$ .

much
5

It’s much too hot to walk.

$t D2 $ 5 6 ) 2 1" A%#.

So
) B6 ?

I feel so tired today.

k ) 2 K * E B.

Too
D8- ) " 5

That teacher talks too slowly.

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 [ 5" \ ...

almost
somewhat
nearly
rather
extremely
quite
terrebily

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5" /Examples

Yesterday
N"

i had to work late yesterday.

N"0 E n*" ! . $ D . $

Friday
@

your clothes will be ready Friday.

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 [ 5"

tomorrow
last night
today
tonight
next week
...........

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5" /Examples

How kind you are?

im% ( , =

How well he speaks French?

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How nice to see you?

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 Hi guys and grils

This is a love story that u will never forget...

He met her on a party. She was so outstanding, many

guys chasing after her

while he was so normal, nobody paid attention to him. At

the end of the

party, he invited her to have coffee with him, she was

surprised, but

due to

being polite, she promised.

They sat in a nice coffee shop, he was too nervous to say

anything, she

felt

uncomfortable, she thought, please, let me go home..

suddenly he asked

the

waiter: "would you please give me some salt? I'd like to

put it in my

coffee."

Everybody stared at him, so strange! His face turned red,

but, still,
 he put

the salt in his coffee and drank it. She asked him
curiously: why you

have

this hobby?

He replied: "when I was a little boy, I was living near the

sea,

I liked playing in the sea, I could feel the taste of the sea ,
just

like

the taste of the salty coffee. Now every time I have the
salty coffee,

always think of my childhood, think of my hometown, I

miss my hometown

so

much, I miss my parents who are still living there".

While saying that

tears filled his eyes. She was deeply touched.

That's his true feeling, from the bottom of his heart. A

man who can

tell
out his homesickness, he must be a man who loves home,
cares about

home, has

responsibility of home.. Then she also started to speak,

spoke about

her

faraway hometown, her childhood, her family. That was

a really nice

talk,

also a beautiful beginning of their story.

They continued to date. She found that actually he was a

man who meets

all

her demands; he had tolerance, was kind hearted, warm,

careful. He was

such

a good person but she almost missed him! Thanks to his

salty coffee!

Then

the story was just like every beautiful love story, the
princess

married to
the prince, then they were living the happy life... And,
every time she

made

coffee for him, she put some salt in the coffee, as she
knew that's the

way

he liked it.

After 40 years, he passed away, left her a letter which

said: "My

dearest,

please forgive me, forgive my whole life lie. This was

the only lie I

said

to you---the salty coffee. Remember the first time we

dated? I was so

nervous at that time, actually I wanted some sugar, but I

said salt It

was

hard for me to change so I just went ahead. I never

thought that could

be

the start of our communication!

 I tried to tell you the truth many times in my life, but I
was too

afraid to

do that, as I have promised not to lie to you for anything..

Now I'm

dying,

I afraid of nothing so I tell you the truth: I don't like the

salty

coffee,

what a strange bad taste.. But I have had the salty coffee
for my whole

life! Since I knew you, I never feel sorry for anything I

do for you.

Having

you with me is my biggest happiness for my whole life.

If I can live

for the

second time, still want to know you and have you for my
whole life,

even

though I have to drink the salty coffee again".

Her tears made the letter totally wet.

Someday, someone asked her: what's the taste of salty
coffee?

It's sweet. She replied.

Pass this 2 everyone coz

love is not 2 forget

but 2 forgive

not 2 c but understand

not 2 hear but 2 listen

not 2 let go but HOLD ON !!!!

Love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss and ends

with a tear.

"The glory of Success is in bouncing high every time

you

hit the bottom!!"

“Love is not selfish so Love is not being happy it is to

make happy whom you love even if you are unhappy
with it.”

__________________

!" # ! $ % &'(
 )# * + #, - . $

/! $ 0 1 - 2-+ ' 3 " 4 #

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I hope you like it

 Questions

How to make questions?

!"#$ %" &

'( )* +,( -. (* / 0 12 34 . . ..

56 7 8*

# ; !)4 :9 . auxilary verb <0 =>? AV

! 4 56 : @ subject <0 =>? S
+B (* 56 : A @ Complement

C$ D ;* )E F ? G H = I?:

AV + S + Complement

********************
 AE.:

J <8K #L - ,

Ahmad will be here tomorrow .

#M LK # N. -, .

(* ; J E O P -, -. #" ..
S J 1T * RR # ; !)4 " ! 4 " Q - #* 9..
,K ! 4 -. LUN9 Ahmad
,K # ; !)4 will

'( . (* ; V ;N J -, L 7 8* ..

AV + S + Complement

" #$ $ W * = F; 99 :O P; C$ 2
Will Ahmad be here tomorrow?

#M LK -, # N. !K..

O.K

Q >. AE. W,X :

She is amuslim.
;E 1K
C$
Is she amuslim?
 8K

J 12 2,=E LK # ; !)4 -? -,UNB

O P; ", 12 # S8 8K

______________________

Y ;$ Z0 6 12 V[

+#\=; Y ;$ Z0 6 12 S. <8K 12 LK
# ; O )2 6 Q N * .

do
does

!$T E 8>. G L 6 ;N !

AE.

You live near here.

LK E $" T ] ) 3 ..

,K LK +#\=; 6 Y ;$ Z0 6 12 J <8K ^NB you

,K _$ L" S8 # ; !)4 do

O P; C$ " 7 8

Do you live near here?

LK E $" T 3 . ] ) !K

The film begins at 8:00.

LE A ; #L ` 4 a#$".

!"#* . LK +#\=; 6 Y ;$ Z0 6 12 J <8K ^NB

 K U ` b ,K 6 the film ,K _$ L" S8 # ; !)4
does

O P; C$ " 7 8

Does the film begin at 8:00?

L G2 -, FL .

#H GE UNBE..

* 6 LK L '( S. F =\ (" D <8K

KU ` b . 6 ;N O P; O . 12 # ; !)4

* 1 = O P; 12 LUN9

The film begins at 8:00

W N ,H s L N L . LK `G 4E ! 4 - 1) $& 8K
# ; !)4 2 cd* +,( O P; does e <8K W8 * +,( s 12
,H, 7 I O P; V [ does O P; C$ 2

Does the film begin at 8:00?

___________________

Y ;$ 1c 12 V[

. +#\=; Y ;$ 1c 12 S. <8K 12 LK
,K # N, # ; !)4 6 Q N *

did

AE.:
 You sold your car.

70 3)* 3 ..

# ; !)4 6 did O P; C$ 2 6 5 H L" ,K

Did you sell your car?

7 0 3)* !K

An accident happened here.

LK 5T E f N

# ; !)4 6 did O P; C$ 2 6 5 H L" ,K

Did an accident happen here?
LK f N 5T !K

#H GE UNBE..

* LK L S. F =\ (" D <8K
O P; O . 12 # ; !)4 6 Did

* LK LUN9
You sold your car.

!)4 sold C$[. O P; F ? < L ,N L N 1c 12

Did you sell your car?

1) $& 8K 1c S08J 1 [ . _)c F ? !)4 S.

# ; !)4 ,H, did # ; !)4 F . Id2 did
1[ _ g <0# E 12 !)4 -, " O P; 12,

_____________________
 G 2 +#\=; 9 9 N h LK DO-Does-Did
+#\=; !* M [ 12 who-what -which 8 K

D) J ;N -, " 8K

Who E FL) * 1K i \g O P; #\=;

which S. FL) * !T V a1X +#\=;
What I E FL) * !T V !T ) a1X

AE.

#L J 3 ,:

Huda telephoned somebody.

#N. Q#K 3

!)4 E LUN9 Y ;$ 1c 12 <8K J telephoned

LK 1c V [ 12 O P; -, " -. #*9 7 8
,K E f# = .! 4 Oj; -. #"

+#\=; 7 8 who 5E did c E J - O P; C 2:

Who did Huda telephone?

Q#K 3 E

>k O AE:

This bus goes to the city centre

L"# T F ? K8" i $ 8K.

!)4 E LUN9 Y ;$ Z0 6 12 <8K J goes

Oj; -. #" LK Z0 6 V [ 12 O P; -, " -. #*9 7 8
i * S. . i $

+#\=; 7 8 which # ;E !)2 - E

O P; C$ 2:

Which bus goes to the city centre ?

L"# T F ? K8" i * S.

;N G;4 J 5c,* ` = O P V [ ! -. ^NB 7 8

# ;E !)2 G 6 . h LG2 _L Oj; -. #" E
< S8 5c, ;N 8 K l Q >. ..

______________________

4L
Negative Questions

)E a1X* jH 4 0 Gmb 4L +#\=; ..

AE...

Didn’t you hear the bell? I rang it four times

E 5*0. _* 6* 3 T #( / J 5 ; `.

)E a1g F L(2 ," -. 5 =; 5T,= L N 4L +#\=; ..

O eeeeeeeeeeAE

Isn’t it a beautiful day?

! H +, * .
 _______________

O P S. M [ 12 GE # T E,

* $ W * O P S. * = .#$

* O P; (* * = !

* O P _ . W ) F=N O P; >k 12 + G4= b EB 56

J*
 Countable & Non-Countable Nouns

!" #

$ # " Countable Nouns

/2 3 4 5 06 %# &'( )" * +,-. /, 0 1%

06 : =, 88 / 88 < ' 889:; 88 7 , ...> ?
CD 88 @A !" < B (" / .
*E 3F 5 .
G6 :
Book >>>>>>>>>>books
0 H /2 3I6 ":
We painted the table red and the chairs blue.
:+ ; 3 + / A ;<J .

K L ( M? :
1-N ;4O- !4 . ;:
A/an
3 P /2
2-Q / , .:
S/es 3 P /2 * E
 *K 0O; 3 , R < O 9 ',- ;
06 * E " 6 2 .
Many , a lot of ,some , two , three . four )" ..
A chair >>>>>>>>>> many chairs
A chair >>>>>>>>>> a lot of chairs
A chair >>>>>>>>>> some chairs
A chair >>>>>>>>>> three chairs

9 ',- G S- 3 P /2 ...

How many ……..?

G6 :

How many apples are there?

F $ Non-Countable Nouns
(or mass noun)

@A !" 0 A,- =@ /, /
3B BA /2 T M 3 4 @ 94B .
06 : @ V X< V E-U V W ....> ?
 K L ( :
1- Q ;4O-
A/an
2- 32 YZ [ [ E 3F 5 .#
S/es
06 \B2 * E ]I G % R IU 32 Y? .:
Much , a lot of , some
water>>>>>>>>>>>>> some water
water>>>>>>>>>>>>>a lot of water
water>>>>>>>>>>>>>much water

3 I Possessive Nouns

&'( ] ? /( 3 I ^O6% /, / ..

3F @ 94B K ! U M? )" 3 P /2 $ # "

K I 3I5 32 Y? _. ` 3 I

S ]I 3I6 " CD :
The girl
Naser
My wife
A lady

aO@% 3 I /2 @ :

The girl´s
Naser´s
My wife´s
A lady´s
 I 3 I aY4% 0 H CD :The red suitcase is Cassandra's.
< TI / )"b < - / A 3+ 1 )
This is Naser´s pen .
5 [ I . b 5 KI; D )

32 Y? c b _. ` 3 I 3F @ 94B * E 3 P /2 $
S
I 3I5 K V

3I6 " :
The girls>>>>>>>>>>the girls´
Their wives >>>>>>>>their wives´

The ladies >>>>>>>>the ladies´ CD [ ? dP# 4 M?

TD 3 P /2 3B - * E 3 Y /2
3 I 3F 5 /2 3 5 e 3 P 0U .

3. 3B. + * E% # M ( ":
Man >>>>>>>>men
Child >>>>>>>>children
Mouse>>>>>>>>>mice
Foot>>>>>>>>>feet
Goose >>>>>>>>>geese
Tooth >>>>>>>>>>teeth
Ox>>>>>>>>>>oxen
Woman>>>>>>>>women
louse>>>>>>>>>lice
32 YZ 94B 3 I 3F Y <" 4 CD *E 3 Y
P K I 3I5 2
S 3 P 06 / .

3I6 " :
The men>>>>>>>>>>the men´s
My children>>>>>>>>>my children´s
 (Nouns )

!
" : #$%_ Ahmad " : - ./ _girl

& '( )*_ the Nile +' _city

+ ,( _ Saudi Arabia 0 _pen

!" #$ %& '() * + , -". (ness)

% . / 01 (happy) 2 ..34 5& % 6 7 (happiness )
8 9: .% 6 1 . 2 , 1 * ;) .
%<$= : %& '() * + >) 5 (the )

!" the rich , the wise , the old - ?

-------------------------------
 / @5& % ) #@ 75 #$ A; B%" > ) A; :

%1
#$
/
falsehood false hood
length
leng th

difficulty difficult y

freedom free dom

possibility
possible bility

C &
%1
C & #$
/
translation translat tion

judgement judge ment

departure depart ture

%<$= : 75 #$ C & 5 / 451 % 92B 2D E

34 ! 1 $ F0 B 7& / -.+

------------------------------

%& '() C & (ing )

+ ing
 %1
C &
/
driving 9: drive :

playing G play G

writing %) 5. write G5

%&- 9-
1 - 9- :
a - 1#( - '( :
23* 4 5 67( 8 '9 ' a : 0
" : a book a fish a man a pen
------------------------
+ .#( 4 ;8 $ #( 1#( 8 '9 '
(a,e,o,i,u) 3 an : 0 ( .#( <.( = ( )
" : an egg an orange an apple
------------------------
a 2#>( - '( :
23* ?/ @ '* *A #B 8 C
4 8 - 6 : a an
" : books men fish pens
 -----------------------

2- %&-

! + D >*8 +E ( !/ F .( - the
F .( - & <9 ! (+ ( !/ G

a 9:- %&- :
&# .,* the H</ 1#( 8 F 9 '
C" :
the book the car the orange
---------------------

bH I %&- :
- 8 F 3* '* / +/ 2#>( & >( the : 0

2J5 the % 5J
% E H KL :
a- 5 .( :
 I # ( J ( K L shut the door , please
- 8 ' . ' the 2 ,( M ( = )1 ! 'N 9 '*8
5<* * J 6 )/
--------------------------
b # .( :
- 6 ( + 31#( - D( A ( the rose is my favourite
flower
' . the = &O A ( P .* *A '
----------------
- Q 1 .( R .S 67( who invented the telephone Q
' . ' the # .( 5< 4 .S8 2
-----------------
- the poor <1( the dead 9 #( the rich 'L8
+ ( .( 4 15( & 0 )' # . ' poor , dead, rich # .( T E
----------------------------
cUS # . :
1- )' $ M B 8 !.( 8 2 &# .,9 " :
V#O( the sun #<( the moon = >'(
the stars ( ( the world
TA8 the earth ....... +# '".,9 ( space 31( )
F .( - ) = .,9 8 the
 -----------------------
2- 4 # ( W 2 = .,9 " :
( the sea F ( the country + XA8
the ground #,( the sky
-----------------------
3- " + #( 4 Y ,( 2 = .,9 :
+Z O( the police * <( the law A[ ( V \A
the prime Minister ] #( the King
V \ ( the president
+ ( the government
--------------------
4- ( #' ,( ^ ,#( +# 2 &# .,9 :
the cinema #' ,(
the radio (
the theatre ^ ,#(
+_$? ( +# television - 8 ) = .,9 8G D1 .( the
" : He heard the news on television !/ A S8 2# <(
D1 .(
- 8 = .,'/ D1 .( [ )B 5<* ' C +( $ !/ 8 the " ) 0
:
Will you turn off the television , please ?
 ------------------
5- " +"( "( +BA ( 4 15( +*A < !/ &# .,9 :
" the most &3/ the best W1S the lowest
-------------------
6- " + 9 .( 8 2 3 &# .,9 :
the first 8
the secand !* "(
the last S8
the next !( .(
 Modal Auxiliaries

What do we mean by Modal auxiliaries ?

! " ! #$ % & '() *

1(. 2) 34 5 % 00 + , - " (./ %
; ? # @ A 34 @ > (= 00 6( 7 1(. 89 : ; < # $
D E / F, G ; & H ,000 B " + :C @ - /#C 3? @ ..

I A( % J+(" C K( :

Can

Could

Had better

May

Might
 Must

Ought to

Shall

Should

Will

Would

LM ?< *N & + - 6, : A( : O* P# &

+ ",8 # O +$ 8#$ Q*..

**************************

R * LM ?7 %

F S" 5 2( 7 ! U N% F, T
?) 00 M - F B ( ! is-am-are

9 :

- 6 M @ U V+ W X N<Y ! U N%
% V"
She-He-it-we-they-you-I
 %

Can

Could

Had better

May

Might

Must

Ought to

Shall

Should

Will

Would

Z. 00 * M @ U V+ W N<Y5 is-am-are

F is !+ # 1 O= N<Y5 she-he-it
are N<Y5 we-they-you
am N<Y5 I
 + [:

4, !. 9 \ s
' $& A : \ she-he-it \ 4, +( 1 I5 sO 6

\\\\\\\\=

F Y]7 !

He cans do it .
( V+] %

3$?5

He can do it

= [:

V$ 5 M - M- M-\ (^ _# ? ! O 6
8 4, ` F - ! ` # ^ a Y .
F (^ `#N" O 6 cb O
Q= F ` 8 4, ing ed (. A:9

\\\\\\\\\\\\=

9
He can does it
O

He can do it

(^ _# ? ! O 6 4 d:Q can
 9

He would went to Taif.

2M ] A( S%N+& F * %

He would go to Taif.

(^ _# ? ! O 6 4 d:Q would

+ O+?6 ! U N% e / A , f ] & Fg :

**************

>9

May-might !+ (. O./ 2( <, F, A Z6 O I5 %

F B " !. hE + 1@ i O I 5 !+ (.
_______________

Q=

5 a$@ *Y : 9 ; (& ! jI$5 '

k !+ 5 !+=I$5 ' Y %! :
 ; (& !
Where is Salwa?

P ! 84 ,G 5Y 1% :Y %- W !* ! :

She may be in her office.

$. F .5 F O I

<9 /
She might be having lunch.
E 5 B ".

5; < /
Ask Noha, she might know.
Y&, T 5 F B " 0T 5 F !. A

V+ W # , 8 W9 F . ! l l *Y m
84 C V+ W " G N %- W no ! O) ' *%

X ) # N% m 7 !+: may-might `N mQ. ! ! *Y pno ! O) F .

* 0 +* Z+ O I JM W X(* Q* X ..
____________________

!+ A , F !+( 6 ! N%:
1- 4 I ') Fg ! X+ 1(. U present
2- O$ ! 1(. U . future

___________________
 6 K+^ %
The negative form.

(* 4, - " 6 K+^ F .5 not A , may might

3$? may not might not

(= /

It might not be true.

I+I^ F . 9 F O I . present U# @ ! B`

I am not sure whether I can lend you any money .I may not have enough.
U# @ i 0 6. G( 9 F !. 0 q + F V+] & , *Y ' )

no ! O) O l l +* +r 1 Q* !+[ I F !+ !+ = 5 $+$: :9 %

_____________________

4 K+^ !
The past form of may-might

s : !+ E / ! *Y +r F * ) Y +=. X Y ) k& 4 t+? 2+*

4 ...

% a+ $ 4 ( " F A( 5 + K+? m 7 O. /

May + have+ P.P

Might + have+ P.P

F . ) 9 b O 6 V@ , may might 1[00 q# + <, S :
O 6 have ! = = K+? [ % *.

(= /

A- I wonder why Salem did not answer the phone?

F 6( A( 1 & - 1 u K&.

B- He may have been asleep.

M F*F O I ! ( M F*X B " 4 ,)

A- I cannot find my bag any where.

F. ` $+ : W F V] & 1 .

B- You might haveleft in the shop.

4 i OI +* 5G OI ! )

- ? 34 A 5 * ..

___________________

O I ! X 00 & X5 * N% 00 O$ # - E W Fg
K+? O$ s I U ) ( I E +/ ! 1(. F
O . (" A F 9, `- a+ $ U# @ K+^ Z6 %
Q$ !+ E /s : + :, ! 1(. +6 ..
 (= /

Take an umberrlla with you when you get out side.It might rain later.
:9 ] 5 F O I+ v 7 - 5 +: ( G N<.

G U# @ Z6 % K+? O$ F .& + :C F mQ. f +& ! ,

O 6 ! # ? cb O 6 V4 .

I may go to Irland to spent my coming holiday.

- 5B W, @) , A , S% F O I ! .

# ? cb O 6 V4 G 0U# @ K+^ Z6 O$ A ,
O6 !.

Ahmad may not come to the party tonight.He is not well.

m A( Z+ (+( (6I 5Y ! : F O I ! .
! # ? cb O 6 V4 G 0 s I5 1 (6I F O$ A
6 d:Q % 0O 6

_________________________

!+( 6( ; < 8 7 &, q %:

+ uN k ( / Q= u-k u (&Y u-Y l+/ G+] F : Y 5 +: :

May I borrow your pen?

G () + & F O%

m 7 &, % X 9, might 0 W #- may Q 0 7 &, =*

Might I borrow your pen?
 + Y e !+ E & FC ] @ +: ..

You may leave the room.

K q 5 F V+] 5.

________________

^Q7 :

* May -Might Q< % + LM ?< ! %

P# .

*O. 6( <, F, m 7 &C A Z6 !+ (. ..

*X `N mQ. ! ! *Y pno ! O) $ 5 !+ (. ..

*O 6 ! # ? cb O6 % K+? Z6 X O$ U# @ K+^
O$ U# @ F * F, A X( " f +& ! 1 6 9,.

* % 6 K+^ may not might not

 * % 4 K+^:

May + have+ P.P

Might + have+ P.P

* !+( 6 7 5 F !. !
+ u-k k (
+ Y e !+ E & FC ] @ +: ..
 ASKING PERMISSION

Permit me, if you please

Allow me
? May I
? ..... May I
.? ..... Might I
? ..... Shall I
Certainly ! "
Sure !#
By all means ! $
Of course "%&'
Please do (
With pleasure )*+ $
** , - .+ * /'0-, 1 2% **
Do you mind if I 78! 6 53" 4
Of course not "%&'
Not at all "9:'6
Not in the least
? May I come in ;<= "
Certainly ! "
May I join you @$ 6 ?" 3 " <>
With pleasure )*+ $
Please do (
 Irregular Verbs*
!"
Base Form Past Past Participle #$ %

A
abide * abode abode !*' ) &'(
awake awoke awaken - . ) +,$
arise * arose arisen /1 ) /'* 0

B
be/am/is/are was/were been 2 3
bear bore borne 5. ) 4 .
beat beat beaten 89 )6 7
become became become :(
befall befell befallen ;
beget begot begotten <(0 ) <=$
begin began begun >(
behold beheld beheld /?@ ) #
bend bent bent $ $
beseech besought besought 4" ) A 5
beset beset beset 8 7 ) BCD
bet * bet bet E#
betake betook betaken & ) <#F
bethink bethought bethought HF ) 4%G
bid bade bidden C ) %G
bide * bode bide I ' ) &'(
bind bound bound *' ) JK
bite bit bitten L5 )+
bleed bled bled MD$
bless * blest blest N (
blow blew blown O $ ) <,
break broke broken 03$ ) 03
breed bred bred ) 5
bring brought brought 7 ) <5=
broadcast broadcast broadcast -F
build built built $(
burn * burnt burnt P )P
burst burst burst =$ ) =
buy bought bought Q

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can could could -*R 0
cast cast cast %
 catch caught caught S0
chide chided chidden OK
choose chose chosen 9
cleave cleft cleft 8
cline clung clung S"
come came come .G
cost cost cost 53
creep crept crept ?D
cut cut cut -R'

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dream * dreamt dreamt !5
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foresee foresaw foreseen G($
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forget forgot forgotten &0$
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forsake forsook forsaken =, ) EC &59
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 G
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grind ground ground E R
grow grew grown W($ ) $

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have had had S5
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hit hit hit 6 7
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kneel * knelt knelt -H
knit * knit knit \*(T ? <R'
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lean * leant leant 4* ) $ 0
leap * leapt leapt D'
learn * learnt learnt !5 ) !5
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lose lost lost '

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mean meant meant $
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misspend misspent misspent F( ) ] (
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shake shook shaken D , ) D,
shall should should M "
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 Verbs

What Is A Verb?
! " #$ % .

& ' ( )* + ,&$ $ - ./0 1 *2 % ..

Subject + Verb+ Object

# 33333333333334 :

Salem reads a book .

5) ' &$ .

,6/ 7 82 9:; < % - 1 ) . $

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A- %

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#4 :

I come from Canada.

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2- I) ( Compound Verb )
<-K < 7 >5$ L

#4 :

It will snow tomorrow.

JM4 N '.

( (will snow)

= <-K < 7 > Will % snow

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Present simple

past simple

Future

Q 7RS 2 & T%U V /W X :5('% .

# Y5( -J # % Y5( # Z (
Regular verbs & Irregular Verbs
 VU 6 < P4 < -15 [ >+ -15$H 5 Y5( # D
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# 333333333334 :

We talk to our father.

(- , >5/ <!/ (VU 6 ) % ( talk)

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We talked to our father.

(- , ( > <!/ .

Talk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>talked

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They go to school.

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'U " C R .

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Go >>>>>>>>>>>>>went
]S &/ % ed $ [/ Go

#% . L Y5( -J # D ^/

#% .

PAST
SIMPLE PAST INFINITIVE
PARTICIPLE
 arisen arose arise
awoken awoke awake
been was, were be
beaten beat beat
become became become
begun began begin
bent bent bend
bet bet bet
bitten bit bite
bled bled bleed
blown blew blow
broken broke break
brought brought bring
broadcast broadcast broadcast
built built build
burnt burnt burn
burst burst burst
bought bought buy
caught caught catch
chosen chose choose
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
dealt dealt deal
dug dug dig
done did do
drawn drew draw
 dreamt dreamt dream
drunk drank drink
driven drove drive
eaten ate eat
fallen fell fall
fed fed feed
felt felt feel
fought fought fight
found found find
flown flew fly
forbidden fordad(e) forbid
forgotten forgot forget
forgiven forgave forgive
frozen froze freeze
got got get
given gave give
gone went go
grown grew grow
hung hung hang
had had have
heard heard hear
hidden hid hide
hit hit hit
held held hold
hurt hurt hurt
kept kept keep
knelt knelt kneel
 known knew know
laid laid lay
led led lead
learnt learnt learn
left left leave
lent lent lend
let let let
lain lay lie
lit lit light
lost lost lose
made made make
meant meant mean
met met meet
mistaken mistook mistake
overtaken overtook overtake
paid paid pay
put put put
read read read
ridden rode ride
rung rang ring
risen rose rise
run ran run
said said say
seen saw see
sought sought seek
sold sold sell
sent sent send
 set set set
sewn sewed sew
shaken shook shake
shone shone shine
shot shot shoot
shown showed show
shrunk shrank shrink
shut shut shut
sung sang sing
sunk sank sink
sat sat sit
slept slept sleep
smelt smelt smell
spoken spoke speak
spelt spelt spell
spent spent spend
split split split
spoilt spoilt spoil
spread spread spread
stood stood stand
stolen stole steal
stuck stuck stick
stung stung sting
struck struck strike
striven strove strive
sworn swore swear
swept swept sweep
 swum swam swim
swung swung swing
taken took take
taught taught teach
torn tore tear
told told tell
thought thought think
thrown threw throw
understood understood understand
upset upset upset
woken woke wake
worn wore wear
wept wept weep
won won win
withdrawn withdrew withdraw
written wrote write

[email protected]
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 The winder is broken

My watch needs adjusting

I would like to see a gold necklace

!"# $ %& '

I would like to see a lady's ring

() * + , !"# $ %& '

I would prefer one in 18 carat gold

3 45 12 - % ./ 0'

Do you have any gold coins?

!- !/6 7 8 9

Is it handmade?
: " " ! 8; ( 9

Have you got a silverware in that pattern?

:9 < = >/ - 07 8 9

Can you make a new set

: E8 F " ? ! 6@ 96AB C' D 9

Would you please change the battery in my

watch
:! G=H " I J 4KB C' L M 9
I would like to see a leather/ nylon watch strap
C /" * T N /? ! O PQ R C S '
 UVWX Y
I'd like to try this on
!AI G= !V Z S

I would like to try one of these dresses on

[B G= Q' \ ?' C' %Q'

where is the fitting room?

] - !0 & L"

can you take my measurements

( -5 =, B C' ^-I B 9

how long will it take you to make an evening

dress?
F E C 0 !c -_ OP/" `5 L ab

Do you have a jacket to match these pants

d I8 = ^ >e 6 " `-b Q 7 8 9

will you adjust the lenght

d I 9" AB D8 f 9

It's too tight here

8 L ?!- g

It's loose
!A g

Do you have it in different colors

: = L ! / h C D" 9
 Socks

\ ?

flared pants

i cj ^ C /I8V

wide belt

k" O PQ

baggy jeans

l 0 m-? d I8V

skirt

F 8B

pants

C /I8V

X YaAIX
What time do you open for breakfast
: I0n C o B p

I have a reservation
PqQ rN .

Can you make reservation for me

:J s qQ 96 ^-I B 9
 Do we have to make reservation?
:Pqt C 8-/ 9

Are there any good resturants around here

: u $ F -? a I N' 7 8 9

I want to eat the best local food

(/v O AI w *' 9 0' 9b' S

I would like a table for five

x ye' ! 6_ ! c " '.

Is there a chinses resturant near here

: u V z-{ aAI 7 8 9

O AI %/c Y aAIX

I will have whatever you recommmend

.Q B =,|

What do you recommend

: B

What is the specialty of the resturant

:aAIX .V } ~ N=

Menu, please
`o• O AI !6) 5

Do you serve vegetrian food

:€ * O Ac C B 9
 Is there an English menu
!"P-/•‚ V O Ac !6) 5 7 8 9

May I have a glass of water

ƒX L \ VJ9

I would like a cup of coffee/tea

N < T F E L C q80 \ e S '

How about some dessert

: " /„ kA V D"'

I would like to have choclate cake/ice

cream/cheese cake........1
… b U" T.B‚ b e ! Ab >/ d ;„ V S '/ ...............

I would like to order

%/c' C' S '

Soup

ƒ „

Salads

I/

Main dish

!- -) ! ?

Dessert

>/„

Beverages

cX
 ! _ Y aAIX
Would you please pass the salt
:`o• †/X J W

Can I have it right away

:‚ Q .-/ d ;„ L 6X L 9

Little more, please

`o• "PX

How does it taste?

: E6Ac ‡-b

That will be all, thank you

e ˆ .? Q 9b =

This is not my order

/c U- =

It is too sweet/sour
? ! Q T ? F /Q g

This is not cooked enough

!" b >EIB ‰ G=

This is not quite fresh

Š !?s c ` - G=

Dressing

!/-
 d‹

French dressing

!- * 0 !/- B
vinagratte dressing

9, !/- B

^0 ΠaAIX

Bill, please
`o• F B

Could I have the bill, please

D/ 0 L ˆF B V J 9

I would like to pay now, please

D/ 0 L C• ^0S' C' S '

Does the bill include the service charge

:! _ F B L6 B 9

Keep the change , please

(5 V Ž Q'

I am paying for everyone

^-6u L ^0S•

Let's split the bill

F B a * 8S

How much do I owe you

D L" *' a V
 We are paying separately
[/; 8 ^0 * Lt

! _ Y 8

I would like to put some valuables in the safety-

deposit box.
* j 8{ $ !8-6‹ ƒ -ej kAV ^ ' C' S '.

I would like my valuables back.

!8-6‹ () -e' w ? S '.

Would you please send the luggage to my room?

:!0 K A ' 9 B C' L 6X L 9

Would you give another blanket?

:R ,' !-* IV J Q' W

How can I get an outside line?

:(? , , >/ 9;Q' C' ^-I ' ‡-b

I would like to order (breakfast, lunch, dinner)

for tomorrow
& O - ƒ <A Yƒ S K Y I0‚ %/c' C' S '

would you please send these to the laundry?

:!/ K6/ UVWX G= d L 6X L 9

Will you clean and press this suit?

:! G= (b 9 & L 6X L 9

When will it be ready?

:FP ? C p
Would you please wake me up at 7 oclock?
:!AV ! $ z•5 B C D8 f 9

Please tidy up this room.

!0 K G= %B B C' ? '.

Would you please call a taxi?

::J ( b B ` /c W

How long does it take to go to the airport?

:: IX d { / `5 L t ab

Porter

8< d -e
parking valet

- 9{ " (/ ‡5 X OS ,
room attendant

i K OS ,

R < Y 8
The TV doesn't work
96A" ‚ s / .

There is no toilet paper>

O 6o/ ? " ‚.
 Pq„ Y 8
Do you have any vacancies?
: & e78 9

I would like to have a room.

!0 & >/ d ;„ S '.

I'd like a single room.

FS !0 & >/ d ;„ S '.

I would like a room with two beds.

L" " V !0 & >/ d ;„ S '.

What is the price?

: A

Is the service charge included?

:! _ 96<" = 9

Is there anything cheaper?

: = L }, ' ? " 9

I have made a reservation, and here is my

confirmation.
G -b•B = PqQ N .

Do you need a deposit?

:C V 9

Would you please show me a better room?

:9 0' !0 & z" B C' D 9

There is no soap.
C V { ? " ‚.
 The sink is clogged
S i ;X

There is no hot running water

N ? L, ƒ ? " ‚.

I would like to change my room

0 & 4&' C' S '.

I am still waiting for the breakfast i ordered

. /c N= I0‚ • *' ` s .

I reserved a double bed, but i got a twin

L" " >/ `/;Q z8 SP " PqQ

‘" I L d ’
useful phrases:

!A0 * 9“

Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the

station, please?
:D/ 0 L !Iv ‘" I >/ z B C D8 f 9 ˆ =

Excuse me, I'm looking for the town hall.

F / ! 5 L ”• * ˆ =

What's the best way to the station?

:!Iv ‘" c 9 0

Is it far from the church to the station?

:!Iv ! -8 L AV ? "

How far is it from the church to the station?

 !Iv ! -8 L A ab

Where is the nearest bus stop?

:x V ‡5 \ 5' L"'

Where ist the next bus stop?

:J x ‡5 L"'

It takes about 10 minutes by bus.

x V ‘) 5S < J Q K B

It's a 10-minute walk.

–-< ‘) 5S < g

The church is within walking distance.

(<X !0 L6 ! -8

You can't miss it.

^- B C L f ‚

hotel 8 $
:9 X ( ‡- E y "C L f A —!•QW

1) The guest ‡-

Have you got a single room for tonight?

:!/-/ G=H FS !0 & D" 9

I'd like to stay in a double room.

!? SP !0 & $ a-5 C 9 0

Do all the rooms have air-conditioning?

:‡- N i K 9b 9
 Is breakfast included?
:d 6< I 9

When do you serve breakfast?

: I C Bp

Could you give me a call at 7 tomorrow morning,

please?
:D/ 0 L Q { !AV ! zX B C D8 f 9

I'd like to pay in cash/by credit card/by traveller's

cheque /check).
D-eT 0 D-<VTC 6 )™ !5 I VT˜ b ^0S' C 9 0'

2) The receptionist 9 X

Hello, can I help you?

:DB z8 f ˆ Q

Would you like a room with a bath or a shower?

:˜ S O 6• !0 & 9 B 9

How long would you like to stay at our hotel?

: 85 80 $ ! 5š %& B ab

How would you like to pay?

:^0 B C % ‡-b

Your room in on the second floor on the right.

[6- >/ › ‹ ‘V I $ D 0 &

Sorry, we're fully booked for tonight.

!/-/ G= 9 b 9 <V L"s @ Lt =
 Sorry, we are full up.
[œ-/ Lt = —C " " $

Is there anything else I can do for you?

:D ./A0 C L f •-e N' ? "

Meeting people ] 8 !/V

( ˆ A kAV ] 8 D /V 8 — !•QW :

1) greetings -o
Welcome to Leipzig.
ž"P - $ DV W

Good morning/afternoon/evening.
4_ ƒ TF4E• !- T4_ {

Good day.
D "\c

Hello.
Q

Hi.
Q

Goodbye
S
.
Bye-bye.
S

Bye.
S
 See you. (CU)
ƒ /

Cheers.
\ </ ŸD •b

Say goodbye to Ihab from me.

(•¡V S . 95 N' Ÿ z \ E" wS

Say hello to Mikdad from me.

S >/ J a/

Please give my love to Abdo.

A Q ž/V D/ 0 L

I'd like you to meet Ihab.

\ E"™ 9V B C 7 " '

May I introduce you to Mikdad

:S X D 5 C z8 f 9

May I introduce Abdo to you?

: D O 5 C z8 f 9

2) asking !5 /V d• B ‡-b Ÿ d ’ )
Pardon?

How do you do?

D Q ‡-b
 How are you?

D Q ‡-b

I'm fine, thanks.

e -?

Not too bad.

œ- U-

3) introducing kA x yej … BŸ‡" A )

I'd like you to meet Mhammad.
6¢ 9V B C 7 " '

May I introduce you to Mhammad?

: 6¢ D O 5 C z8 f'

May I introduce Ali to Salma?

>6/ (/ O 5' C z8 f'

4) various (wishes, thanks, offers)

l A ˆ < ˆ -8 j Ÿ 8 )

Lovely day today, isn't it?

:D =b U- ' O - 9-“ O "

Excuse me, ...

›='
 What's the matter?

: j

Good luck!

-A •Q

Congratulations. ›
£ ¤

Many happy returns of the day.

O - =H F -A FS

Happy birthday!

-A SW- -

Bless you!

DV ¥ 7 V

Get well soon!

(k" 6/ Ÿ ¦ A

Could you do me a favour?

: 0 A J 96AB C D8 f'

May I offer you a drink?

? V e D O 5 C z8 f'

Are you sure you wouldn't like to come in?

:9, B C " B ‚ D* b•
 Thank you very much!
W"P? e

Thank you.

D e

Many thanks.

€ <B

Thanks a lot. - You're welcome.

DV W ˆ W"P? e

Would you excuse me, please?

a/ 0 L › =AB 9

It doesn't matter.

!/ < ` -

On the phone

‡B H >/

Who is this, please?

D/ 0 L a/ " L

This is Mhammad speaking

...a/ B' 6¢ *

I'll phone back later.

Q‚ 7 V ,•

I've got the wrong number.

•I_ a5 ` /c
Please leave a message after the beep.
F 0 ; AV ! 7 B W 0

Can I take a message?

! ^ z8 f'

Can I speak to ..., please?

D/ 0 L §§§§^ a/ z8 f'

Just a moment, please.

D/ 0 L !•„

I'll ring you at about ...

J Q 7 V ,• .....

Thank you for ringing.

DB V yX e

I must ring off now.

Cj ‘/& C %¨
 Conditional Sentences

What do w mean by the term Conditional Sentence?

! "# ! $
% & ' () *$ + , - ". ! If * /0-
1*23 % 4 * 5 6 1*2) 7 8
9 * :;<< =6 > $ ". ! .

=6 9 < < ! "# ! /

4 ( $? , 1*23 @ '
if AA % 4* $ = ( 7 ..

******************
B C* $

C* B2 C * DEF ( ! G/ G
% 6 *9 3 1/ 5 H I 5 (I<J/ :

B <L M' 65 !.< GB 6 - K+ , C*

True in the present or future

& ' N(I<L G $ if (- ! P 2< O / 0

M 6Q B <L M ' RS* 6 BT') ". !
.. #* UV 3 * M' 6 BT') G- / ..
 7 :

If I don’t eat breakfast , I always get hungry during class.

Y#( - F : = ". ! W 0#*X6 + 3 P /.

6 Z L C# ; (I<J/ [GE /
Q G V$ ". ! BT') - ! P 2< ,
+ I \L .

$] 6 0V

% " ._ M K^ If Z L C# ; 6 <
% 6*3 G 6 P<3 G ". ! ! P 2< , .don’t
eat
< = M K F
3 = ( % 4* M K7 F
Z L C# ; 6 ;) *$ get hungry X PF.

.# / "(! 6 Z L C# ; N(I<L (! /
G 6 5F (G 2 ) G `M .< % ! <
+* ) P 2< 1 8 L +7 6 aG^ B7 )A % 6*3
/ *$ % 6*3 6 2 Y#( +Eb ` ". ! : T) 5
L .< - V$ c T #*X6 + <) P
f AAZ L C# ; 6 eT M dV 5
____________
 g+7

C# ; N (I<J/ 1 2 h 5 :M 1 ()# + 7 V$ 6 $
6 Z L B <L ZL % 4* - 0 % PJ/
Z 6 Z L C# ; 6? 6 + ,.
+7 +* ) :

If the temperature goes below 32F/0 C,

water freezes (will freeze).

- \7J \ 7) R) 9 96 ig BS "# ' #. * (3 G /

.

Z L C# ; 6 *$ + , 8 1/ aG^ /
Z L B <L Z L C# ; / 0# <b/ 1 26 % 4*
+ , +7 ?!8X)- Q j 3 AA . < - ! P 2< ,.

$] 6 0V

% " ._ M K^ If Z L C# ; 6? , <
% 6*3 G 6 P<3 ". ! ! P 2< , .goes below
< = M K F

*$ 3 = ( % 4* M K 7 F 0# <b/ 1 /
Z L C# ; 6 5 <2 freeze Z L B <L will freeze PF
X .
 i+7

- ! P 2< G B;6, 5 ]* fG + 7 V$ 6
Z L B <L 6% 4 * f<2) 1 B; ) =b G
B7 ! G ! P 2< / 2 Z L C# ; 6Q
% 4* 6 # <bh ) G 6 8 L + 7
Z L B <L Z L C# ; 1*2) 1 6.

If the weather is nice tomorrow , we will go on a picnic.

G# 6 k I J (l #* 1 /.

Z L B <L (I<J/ d V O(e RS * Gm TTb $ '

% 4* 6.

$] 6 0V

% ".
M K^ If Z L C# ; 6? , < is
< = M K F
Z L B <L 6 *$ 3 = ( % 4* M K7 F
will go X PF Z 6 (e RS 6* G TTb ,.

*******************

* . If < + , 8 0m )
Z L C# ; 6 9 <2 .
* ig #. R'3 - \ 73 B7 BT'3 * ! G ! P 2< /
4 * 1*2)
 Z L B <L C# ; 6 / 0# <b/ % .
* E7 m - 56 RS TTb D('< /
(e RS TTb)
6 if B <L N(I<L ' ]V$ 6
%4* 6Z6ZL .
*n )(< / G 6Z6 < = `M "# M if 1,
)9 6 X `M ;) AB S ( &* c # Q2 1*2) 2 .

`S * &EI G lB 6 - K 7 C* M' 6 '

B <L

Un true in the present or future

1, 5 S C* C* V$ 2 o & 1 ( ^
6 BT') G- ! P 2< 5 S C*
Z L B <L Z L C# ; (I<J/ M ' RS* ..

8J ! 3 p <I) C* V$ 2

G l E= BT') P - ! P 2< 96 M ' RS* 6 1q

B <L 6 b_ - `S * 1, `S * &EI - V$
. M $ N(I<L d V A1q G l- V$ 1/ P9
8 0m+ , 8 6 Z L If 4 * O
ZL M 6 ;) 1*2 6 %
(! L B N (I<Jr would ]#(T B PF.
 s+ 7

If I taught this class , I wouldn’t give tests.

U # <b/ P9 X! P BT V$ RJ#. *.

$ 6
* M If % ". .
* < if Z L M 6 taught ! P 2< ,
V$ Y#. P ' 1,m M ' RS* 6 G l-
BT )
RS* 6 G l- ! P 2< G ". ! '
ZL M 6 e T f<2 M ' .
* < = M .
*% 4* M wouldn’t give X PF = ( .

( 9 aGE

?<G 5 / ) V$ AA 6ZL M N(I<L R S

B (! Z L M 6 f<23 "(! L + 6,
(! L Is 5 <2 M ? / 5 )*'3 () G were
1 $ (TS were - *J (G ? ! ` ". + 6t N(I<L3 .
N(I<L 1 5 ! &# < 1, was ` i-he-she-it "(! 2
N(I<L< E6 e<3 $ was d V L ; Q ?<G `
N(I<L were - *J (G ? ! ` ". + 6t d +(
5F (G P<) P - ! P 2< ,d u 1* * < 6# !
+7 +Eb &* c# M ' RS* 6 G l ..
 g+ 7

If he were here right now, he would help us.

(! L 1q $ *$ 1 * .

N (I<J/ aG^ / were 9 J 0V ; 1 Pl 6

*$ he E= Vb ) 0V was Z 6 $ "(! L 2 M 6
! P 2< G ) h e 6 G l- ! P 2< ,
N(I<L M ' RS* 6 G l- were U^ G 6
ZL M N (I<J/ * !AA ` . B! .

$ 6
* M If % ". .
* < if Z L M 6 were .* Pl
. B! he M ' RS* 6 G l- ! P 2< ,
(P 2< G ". ! ' O 1q $ .* * l *$ ' 1,
M 6 e T f<2 M ' RS* 6 G l- !
ZL .
* < = M .
*% 4* M would help PFA Z L M 6 = (
X

____________

i+ 7

If I were you , I would accept their invitation.

P93*!. R d 2 R *.
 N (I<J/ aG^ / were ; 1 Pl 6
*$ 9 J 0V I E= Vb ) 0V was "(! L 2 M 6
P 2< G ) h e 6 G l- ! P 2< ,Z6 $
N(I<L M ' RS* 6 G l- ! were U^ G 6
ZL M N (I<J/ * !AA ` . B! .

$ 6
* M If % ". .
* < if Z L M 6 were Pl
. B! .* I M ' RS* 6 G l- ! P 2< ,
( G l- ! P 2< G ". ! ' OR RL ' 1,
ZL M 6 e T f<2 M ' RS* 6.
* < = M .
*% 4* M
would accept X PFA Z L M 6 = (

* . If M 6 9 <2 O < + , 8 0m
1q G l ! P 2< /Z6ZL .
* 1/ 6# ! B7 G/ is : T3 M ? / 9 *' was V$
& '
B! ; Vbv) (! L he-she-it-I "(! S 6 $ 2 if
`; ^ was d ^( `; L ; ` ?<G
(! L B were M ' RS* 6 G l- ! P 2< ,..
.
M 6 ' `S * &EI G l- K b, @ F C*

Un true in the past

lB 6 - ! P 2< ^/ 7 C* 5 *$ b, C* V$
M' Q M 6 2 3 `S * &EI *$ 5 6 G
7 C* 6 B <L .

+7 1

If you had told me about the problem , I would have

helped you .
P R ' 6mAAd3(! J R 2 2 ! 3 b (S R *
I3)

G l- ! P 2< $ / M ' Q M 6 1 f )
( o ..

$ 6

*% " ._ M if .
*N< M (I<J/ + , 8 M
M 5 , had told ( P R
6 E= D(') P - ' 6
I3)
* < = M
* < e T N(I<L % 4* 6 $ % 4* M :
would+have+P.P
would have helped
(! L & ' `; / would PF have B 7 7 e T PF
.p ; Z 6 U Fh G 6 V$ not B (
(! L would $# T<b/ : T 6 wouldn’t
 g+7

If they had studied , they would have passed the exam .

1 '< h 6 *' (S * *.

$ 6

*% " ._ M if .
* 5,N< M (I<J/ + , 8 M
-
M 6 E= D(') P had studied ( V) P P$ ' 6
1 '< h 6 * J# )
* < = M
* < e T N(I<L % 4* 6 $ % 4* M :
would+have+P.P
would have passed
(! L & ' `; / would PF have B 7 7 e T PF
.p ; Z 6 U Fh G 6 V$ not (! L B (
would $# T<b/ : T 6 wouldn’t

___________________

aGE /

n ( `; ^ (S if 9 ; Q2 )( 6
< = `; ^ Z 6 ' ]V$ 6 7 8 6
 O] 1 8 Jm + 7

If the temperature goes below 32F/0 C,

water freezes (will freeze).

n v ]V$ 6 if < = M d V ..

B < Q2 LG if 7 6.

Water freezes (will freeze) If the temperature goes below

32F/0 C

+ < )( 6 M % 4* w o
ZJ* 6 =6E M PF & G.
aGE

7 8 x Z L C# ; 6 .56+ , 8 1*2) + , C*
Z L B <L Z L C# ; /% 4* 0 .

7 8 xZL M 6 . 5 6 + , 8 1*2) 7 C*
M N (I<Jr d Z L M 6 ;) 1*2) % 4* 0
will 0 would ?L ^ A B #(T PF were
M is \ . B! < G < 6
 Sentences

! " #
1 2- 0 ." / % & '( & ) * + & ', - " $ !
: 4 5 - 6 7# 6) 4 86 9 " 3 "
) ; <=. & ', - /".

>4 ! ' 67 " : 6 ? ; @ A !

G6H F C 6 D ; EC B3 6! (S) G$ 3
6I
,A * +" :% -7 JK $ > L # M !
." : < 6 6 9 A (S) N , OP9 .

Q 4:

R 7S # T - . He drives every morning

6 ,# #U Ali eats a lot

G6) ! G$ V E :W S ! # + A (S)
,A % -7 JK $ ! & 67 ! 3 6 # ":

# @K 7.= X5 They go to school every day

Y -7 Simple sentence
E .67I " Z 7 4L #[ @ ' 4
A .
4 L- . A .6 D & A 7 " V6 '. &A"
. A \ * '. /" HA E * '. & X 6I ' 4
1 A' :
6 . "K ^ 0]! 5 @K I draw her.

: _4 - ! 4 ! H 37-4 : A \ 67 =.
. ! N ) (drew) 6 $ . ! " (I) OP9
' C # + A X ' :

6 K # + 6 0]! " `6C Near the corner

^ H / 5 :A \ ' / <=5
& A !4 6 HA .
E 3 6 3-H4 " &A 6,# X$ Y -7 A
5 .
: 5K7 A ' & $ 5 6I ' 4 ,A:

X ;K C 67#. @ Asia is the biggest continent in the

world
K" + L'' # L- 4 + V a 0]!
= ."...

b)EA:
Q4 5 A ' K A cC
6b'
' Ad+ \ 9 C; )"F #B *=" d & .
E,A (Say) ." / K A '. ! N ) : 6A >4
X
! ;"E , 2A 6#=A : \ " 6!A #[ @
# ." $ \ ASay)

,A d # 6A 1 W \ WA 1 H = . # + ": Right ,
Wrong,Yes,No,
A# \ 6A 67 5 :6-! - " 1 - & ` #:
R"6Y 1 2- & 67 ` N):.
 Adjective

Adjective
what do we mean by the term Adjective?

! " #$ %" & .

. ' ( )*+ ) , , & -'. #$ %
)*4 0%5 6 3 ,/ 01'2 "
89 -'< = * )*> ?%@ 37 89 : , ' ;
:/" A 1 BC modifier )*> E E 1' # D 1 .
& 1' , IF G/ #' H! 89 a- an – the
'6 ; J

G M ?! M , N < OKL /18 9

&' P " # ' / G . ..

:
The three forms of ADJ:

F : 1' , Q
 Inflectional forms

< L: @ , > Q
Derivational forms

H L:)R"
R )*+ 0,S T / Q .
Proper Adjectives
1' , Q UF
Inflectional forms

@ , > Q U <L
Derivational forms

)R"
R )*+ 0,S T / Q U H L.
Proper Adjectives

K133 1V GW'S< ' <+ X " #8W ?! C. < Y 2 ..

*******

1' , Q UF
Inflectional forms

=' , , & B \\ 1' , [[ G *+ /ZWF

A X + A 9, ' M, @ X/ .

OKL G #8W D Q N / C& ]WK< ^@

A ` 7C& a 8 ,*+ : ? ?! _ , A
, Y ', X " & LKH ' M, b$ :

F / Positive ?H (+ D 8 9 ` B rich B
/P .
< L/ Comparative <$ G ), , B ;, &
#'.c (d # " D 1 N / C& e er
 ?H ` '.f P richer DK X/P B .
H L/Superlative D B 3 ?;, M g &
=
e h <$ M X " ? W BC & N / CG
#'.c ;< /& 3 ` " ? X" est
?H 3 ;` %L> 1 G< X + richest X/P` .

i' ]WK< D S" #8W b N < OKH X " A H = S< :

Nora is a rich woman, but Samia is richer than Nora ,

and Maha is the richest woman in town.

#8 % # ' + X/P & G #$ < X/P * /P # ' + #$ <.

j'S< :

F & N <A / 8 ,*+ Positive /P # ' + #$ < / @ k 9

Nora is a rich woman.
X" (+ B 8b F :< ]WK< g+ rich 1' , # l T %*
a & )*> <8b 8 woman . 1' # g+
+)*> E <$ N < B 8b 1F :<` (+ D 8 .

& N < < L / 8 ,*+ < L Comparative X/P * /@k9

#$ <
Samia is richer than Nora .
X" (+8b :< ]WK< g+ rich / ( k 9 er 1 G< X
7C& er * /& <$ T< ! /L+ <$ &
a 8 ,*+ /ZWF #$ < X/P T< ! * k 9 #$ <
than #$ < & <$ < H ='m )L / ,
. (d E <$ A ` ='m g+ er)L than+ < H ='m
<$ .

& N < k L / 8 ,*+ H L Superlative # ' d-/P & G / @ k 9

#8 % .
Maha is the richest woman in town ..
X" (+8b :< ]WK< g+ rich / ( k 9 est 1 G< X
7C& est /& <$ T< ! /L+ 'H! <$ &
#8W X/P T< ! G k 9 D 5 ^ b #8 % - ,5 X "
a 8 ,*+ /ZWF the G ; E ?%@
est )*> E /L+ 'H! <$ / , .

6 , Q b$ OKH D+ " ]WK<

a 5@ OKL X + )5 A 8b e & X " 8" Y,! &8 < .

1'* ZWK :
='9 G,/ J n /& y
?H heavy -fancy-happy

M & Do 7C& Positive ..X + G 9< %< Y2

Comparative Superlative ='W =C9< y : 8 ;< i )L
* 9 ;< er est.

H /

Happy p% happier happiest.

fancy p% fancier fanciest

heavy p% heavier heaviest.

***************

Q OKH " H :

F / Positive

Huda is a great girl .

Z" < 5<+ -8& .

1' , # /ZWF g+ a )L great )*> )L girl

salem is a wise man.

1' , # /ZWF g+ a )L wise )*> )L man

!g ?b$ ) * .

< L/ Comparative

& N / C& ?H D` /L+ <$ G ? < 5 H`

<$ ..

Huda is greater than Salwa.

 - * )Z" -8& .

, 1'm / % + - * -8& /& <$ ]WK< g+ :

(d E\-8&[ <$ A ` ='m
er)L than+- *[ <$ < H ='m ) .

Salem is wiser than Hamad.

8W X!g ) * .

, 1'm / % + 8 W ) * /& <$ ]WK< g+ :

(d E\) *[ <$ A ` ='m r D q e D`

G K rK. e )L than+8 W[ <$ < H ='m ) .

 !! "

#$% &' ( $

)&* + ,

#- ./ " 0$12 &+)3

!
4& 5 6 78 9: . *;9 6+/ 9< 9 $ "

" # #
5 ;= >&' ?

$ %
6()& " @1A &B

%
C D$ ) E F 6G? $

& ' ' (

J$ ; H% I # #3 @<+
 #$ % $

69 < 6+$ K $% $G $N8 L$M+3 L K

) ( * ' +
$ 3 O 2=8 P 9: O 3 &B + # 5

, %( * ' % ' ' ( '

$M+3 )SR @P3 8 ,M 1 Q (R

" *
T : G 9 8 L &5L K

*
> 6+$U9 $V ( B

% -#
6+$U9 6 9 %W 4)$ ? X21

YB &P 8 %$ 8

'

YB Q& = >&' ?

##
P$ Z9=3 &B
 Reported Speech

What do we mean by Reported Speech?

!"#
" $ %& "' ( % #) *! )& + , -./ .

_____________________

-0)& 0 1 2! (3 ! 0 14-(! ! 5:

6 ! /
I am feeling ill
1 7' - & !& .
O.K

<# ! = ) -./ >? ) ! 8 9:-! 8;

( :-@ !9 @:

- " :-@ B A%& Direct Speech

"J3 C - D6 ' ) ! " E FG HI

F- D6 1(: 1 <!? ' (#K 2 "I L ....
! /
Rana said ‘I am feeling illM
OO1 7' - & !& NN ! *
 " ( P9
:# 2 1Q R 1, -)G! said >&
# %? "#K 2 CS!
# I-3 - D6 ' ) <# ! T , >G R ) CS!.
# # "#I " ! 0 "#K 2 CS!

" :-@ B ! Q Reported Speech

R ) CS!A % " ' $ " :-U V H " :-U FG

W E! % I-3 ) <# ! 5 ! >G
8; Z- ,%YY HL X < >G

6 ! /
I am feeling ill
1 7' - & !& .

! " ! 0 " :-U # <# ! 3:

Rana said that she was feeling ill.

" ( P9 :
# 2 1Q R 1, -)G! said >&
#CS! that H : % K% - L % 8&
((< + D(,[ : > %-L V F5 4%))
#C 4 %& \!] %& -)G 8 ) + , R# ^, - S CS! ..
.. 9 (, E!% _ She " $! ! H I 0!&.
# K& 5 4 # ^, HL W E!
a $' HL c `: a $' b S 8 ) >&
- ($ HL c `: - ($ b S 8 )
6 HL c `: 6 b S 8 )
- ($ 6 HL c `: - ($ 6 b S 8 )
 8 X? " d HI F , 5 ^$3 G %
.. (!&% 8? HL < E! 8& 1 %
- ($ HL - ($ b S 3 !& J3A %

I am feeling

*E K&

was feeling

_____________________

9 (, 8& *# % e , !& that F5 4%% > (. "# f HI

T R! ^ @YY +H >& HI - D:A < 9 % ..

Rana said that she was feeling ill.

1 7' - !& ! *

8%9'% that

Rana said she was feeling ill.

1 7' - !& ! *

9 (,[ HI g 5 : G V' +H - D(: 1 % V2! ..

_____________________

!& "I ' P9 $ I? (3 B "J3

HL E6 8& 9 'A OO )NN # !
 "#0 &

G %

_____________________

"#0

" ( "# f g#( ! ^@:

‘My parents are very well’

(, ! g#( 3A g 7, :

Rana said that her parents was very well

%&

Rana saidher parents was very well

" ( "# f g#( ! :

‘Sami is going to learn drive’

(, ! g#( 3A g 7, ::

Rana said that Sami was going to learn drive

 .. " ( "# f g#( ! :

‘I can’t come to the party on Friday’

Rana said that she couldn’t come to the party on Friday

" ( "# f g#( ! :

‘I want to go away for a holiday but I don’t know where

to go ’

(, @ ! g#( 3A g 7, :

she wanted to go away for a holiday but she didn’t know

where to go
 The Past Perfect

What do we mean by the Past Perfect?

!" # $%
+ )* ' (&' ..
,- . /0 1 , /0 2 3 4 $ 2
6 /, $% )5 ' &' .

9 : ;<= % '; > ?1 847 .

;<= @ %" ; > 1 % % ,- 2
; > 1 $% )5 A < . .
!# B C D 7 "% E 1 F = G
;H I ") ..

JI K1
How to form the Past Perfect

? 1 LHM N= O ") P 2 !$Q 1" $ R ; 0< % S M

Has/have+V-past participle

T I ;U ;H I ;H M V$.W F = % S M E G :

Had+ V-past participle

 > 2 had M: > ;7 7 ;H I /, .

% > G had X 7 <2 V Y O & R ")Z

She-he-it-you-they-we-I
LH I $ W ; > & W A D7 1 EG:

; B T IW
I had eaten the apple before I went to school yesterday.

6 A< . ?' , - V2 % 3 4 $
;<= @ %" $% 6 $% 7 - ; > 1 $% D : -
. > )5 ;H M V$. )5 - A !" - 2
6
O.K

A D7 = 1; B , - ; 1 != O 9 V2 ;[ 4
U 6 ; B \"-W ] S I ^ .
; B V2 /0> ; B D4) $0> O ?'$ I V 3 4 ? "- 2
_ X Q V2 ; 7 : \$` F = 6 ;H M 4M %.

a
When to use the Past Perfect ?
<2 $% (K 1 7 = b` > = . G)
+ )* ' (&' ..
,- . /0 1 , /0 2 3 4 $ 2
6 !" ( )5 - d$R != O 9 c )5 ' &' )
 ; B D4) $0> O . V %e.

; 7 /Examples

My Parents had already eaten by the time I got home.

D# a 2 L ] O !" ?'$ $W ! 1 U

D : - 2: <2 % 41 ' ! V.

7 - :6 <2 % D# !=$O .

V %e 1 , - V %3 4 $ .

I had finished my work before the captin came.

. X B ' ?0 U.

D : - 2: <2 % ?0 .

7 - :6 <2 % . X B .

V %e 1 , - V %3 4 $ .

He had never seen a cigarette before.

' f= B $% % ` / .

D : - 2: <2 % f= B %` / L .

7 - :; B D4) O $0> $% 2 =$1" S.

\ "- 6 V$. V g > !" )5 - 2

 ; B h < L$ O 0 ' U ; B %.

He had already heard the story.

$ ;IU & < U .

D : - 2: <2 % ;IU & < L .

7 - :; B D4) O $0> $% 2 =$1" S.

\ "- 6 V$. V g > !" )5 - 2

; B h < L$ O 0 ' U ; B %.

He had called the doctor when I got there.

i %?M E b a <2 ' V 1 U .

D : - 2: <2 % E b a <2 L .

7 - :6 <2 % i % / . D$M .

V %e 1 , - V %3 4 $ .

;- ; 7 : V$.W V a W .

I $ . 6 B E. ; b' ! ; 1 d= $
6 ' ? ' X Q 1 a 2 ; bU d < WV
; - j"% 2.
 Present simple

What do we mean by ( Present simple)?

! " #$ % &# '( ) *

+# , +- -! % . /0 12 " /0 34# ( /+ 5 6/7 89 )
: ; % 0 % $" < # = > /0 3 ?#@ .
A3* 80 / Present simple 3 # / present
continous
B = > . + 2 6 C/ 2 % A3D@EF ( / .

How to form present simple?

+G H #- 3I " I
Present simple

/0: Subject + verb (s) +object

J <3! % ) * K, )" . (s) % L * K, ) * +- $
L <3! + . % . + M %N!O % 4 (s) I3> 3 @ + ! )*
/3 :1
 - L/7 P3Q :+ # 3R " 1 " +$ S + )" * 8 T .
He , She , It
)" * ) 3R OU V( 53 @ .
L <3! W / ' /3 8 T (s) )" * $ '( ) *
L <3! (s) %$T K '/

+$U 0 .../ Examples: He sings in his room.

%# 3G ? .
She eats the apple.
+! *# )TE@
It snows in Alaska
4F 0 X$U@ M . .
L <3! 2 Y/ N! +- +$U 7 W Y . (s) Z / )* 6 $
. )" * 80 He , She , it
'0 1 " - [* W #@O \3]7 3R 0
We , they , I , you J <3! + . 8/ TW ) M @ ^ (s)
2- U P3Q )6 " 3 G '0 2 Y /0 _ ` /0 3T( KF. a$" 2 )" * 8 T . .
<3! b + V( . L (s) )* - $
+$U 0 /Examples Naser sings in his room .
%# 3G 3; ?
3T( = > a . 2 KF. 3; .
Faten eats the apple.
+! *# @ )TE@.
_ ` a . 2 KF. @ .
The Internet stops suddenly.
1ES c 3# d b6 @
2 Y /0 )6 " 3 G KF. c 3# d . .
 ,:
Subject + verb +object
) * K, )" . 3 G L <3! + . ( s) % L * K,
# P3Q 3 @ 1 " - V( e D a#!/ *
/ )" * ) + # 3R 3 @+ !
I , you , they ,we +$U 0 / Examples
They watch the T.V every day.
f *$# f MY / Q K

We watch the T.V every day.

f *$# f MY Q .

You watch the T.V every day.

f *$# f MY Q@ c 0.

I watch the T.V every day.

f *$# f MY >0 0.

J <3! W / ED] '2 *@ . (s) L - O :

They watches the T.V every day.
J W 80 4 / (s) L 8 T They 2 Y/
He , She ,it

·1 " L 0 O, g &# f : / : Is , am , are

Is >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>singular
L g &# @ (is) 123* 3R /0 = F7 W (She , He , it )
+$U 0:
She is a muslim .
+$
 He is a muslim .
K$ .

It is a nice book.
Y h #T .

Huda is a muslim girl.

+ $ 1# \ .

Are>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>plural
" ) * g &# Are 3R W (They ,we , you) 23* c / W S = F7 /0
+$U 0 :
They are Muslims.
$ K .

We are Muslims
$ .

You are Muslim.

K$ c 0 .

" )* 0 Am 3 W - % &# I3G - .

LU :
I am from Saudia Arabia.

+2 + 3 +4$ 0.

3 W W 80 +!2 * = D]7 /I " ) * is " ) * /0 are

" ) )T 5 &#F. - F c$6 T/ (Helping verb) + 3R W .

) * g &# a#
When to use the present simple?
(4 / F. )T /0 g )T . @/3T 12 " '( W % &# i /0

.Actions which happen regularly (every day, every week, etc.)

+$U 0 /Examples
They go to school every day.
g )T +F $ 8 ( K .
@/ M % $" 2 # ! +F $ h ( ..
She takes ashower every Friday.
+ Y g )T K # @ .
F. + M )T @/3T % g - M 2 # ! ( ..

47 k+ $ eR - j )U 3 ?#@ # = >7 i ,...)

+$U 0 /Examples
The sun rises from the east.
A3Q [ Q A3Q@
A3Q A3Q [ Q 80 % $" < # 3 ?#@ + $" +- -! V( /

The earth goes round the sun.

[ Q L ! / @ l 7 80 80 / 3 ?#@ + $" +- -! 0 ( /.

8 ,. M $" b$#& + ; M 0 <3 " # = >7 W g &# i U ,

Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
8 ,. % $" b$#& : ; = > ( / 5 *Q# a 3 5 3 # @.
 * Do / Does
) * do + # 3R (]E :
I , you , they ,we ) * 0 does + # 3R (]E :
He , she ,it
& + $T b ! * a#!/ not a . Do / Does

Do / Does+ not
+$U 0 :
I do not like rice.

f 7 Z!0 .

She does not like rice.

f 7 Z @ .

How to form questions in present simple?

L` mH bT

+$U 0 :
She is amuslim.
)" * K, + ) * W L `F a . V( +$ S L !
g M*#Fd + O" W K, +$ S + - ) 4 /
+ # 1 " - Z ! .:
V+Subject+the rest of the sentence + ?

L ` : H ...
Is she amuslim?
L` %* n( " ) * +$ S O;0 3 # 6/
W Y /0 23* 8 T . ) * ZF Z !.
LU
 They watch the T.V every day.
L` :H :

Do they watch the T.V every day?

* + # 5 $4 W g &# 12 " :
Always, usually, often .
 The present perfect continuous tense

What do we mean by Present Perfect tense?

!"# $%& ' %( ) *+
(( ! + 8 - 2) 3 !% 4 . 5 6 7 81 . , /0 -- ,
$%& ) 8; + , @) ; - ! =' >! ?0 1 59 : ; <
O.K

AB / 59 : ; C D EF 8 40 G H 'F 0 I!
( + $%& ! + < 2 JG H 'F> , ) - ! =' >! ?0
((EF 8 401 2) 3 . , !% --G H 'F> )
% @ ) = $%& 5! *! 59 : ; C D ..

DKF E6
How to form The present perfect continuous tense?

% < /. L ! M) + KF 4
Have
!
 Has '6 E =N
Been
O P Q M&' < E =N
Ing

+ R 5 > ;

Have/has +Been+ V- ing

Been
S T &' < / 4 + ) @,+P )L 8 8! U+ Ing

0 : ; V F = 3 O 8:
W < X ( V F L ! Singular

% < +IY) *+ has

< ,G Z 7 8[ @48 ) ! \ = 3 + /4 ) :
\ U+ :
She-He-It ] F H4F ,

Subject + has+ been + V ing

G Z 7 8[ @48 ) ! 3 \ %P! L ! < / ;
CB

He has been working .

/ R X( V F N Plural% < +IY) *+ have

< , G Z 7 8[ @48 ) ! \ = 3 + /4 ) :
\ U+ :
I – we – you - they ] F H4F ,
 Subject + have+ been + V ing
G Z 7 8[ @48 ) ! 3 \ %P! L ! < / ;
CB

They have been working .

%( :

When to use The present perfect continuous tense?

. , !% - G% 1: ; # 5 %) P %P %( 8;
'B [ % @ T ^>Y8 _ '6 %( `+ J .& :; 8 .

'B ! / Examples
I have been sitting here since seven o’clock.
> $%& 1 J b C D b 5 6 Q ! *!J > + a'b! !)

You have been studying for five hours. Why don’t you take a break?
P ^ 0 +IY 'X _ 8 a I G% c %> ? ! .
59 : ; ? D _ 8 a I 40 . ,? 6- 8 % 1 $%& , .

It has been raining all day .

) %4 + C ) 5 6 Q ! d P ^ C $%& , J + ^ > @;
)! > $%& , C ^@ , CD .

@ + ,_ ' e %( ! fPA

Since –for
All morning
g 4F 6
All day
 6
All week
48[ 6

+ 2'^ ) 6 G% : ; #> _ ' Q ; ZPL .

T < :

The Present continuous

The Present Perfect continuous

5; T < 59 /3) $%P $%&

c % 2 6! ! 59 AB

I am writing the lesson.

c % 2 6! 59 ! [ h Q a AX! $%& , .

.& :; 8; . , /0 $%P Q , $%& .

CB
He has been repairing the car since seven o’clock.
 > + G H'F)
gAX; $%& M48 a h Q $%& ;
59 : ; C D + /0 *+ G .

· T , *! i 5 )L 5 P[ e ZPA
C ,[ e / 5 ) +
B
( live-work- teach)
c %m )l )k j )
CB

I have lived here since 1985.

nopq + ! !

I have been living here since 1985.

nopq + ! !
 It makes sense
!
, # 0 1 ' 2 3 "# , $ - ./ + $ % & ' & ()* "#
9 :; ( 6 (65 7 )8 / 42 5 ) , )
it makes sense 1
1 => <# )
1 ? @) A B
1 C D: => ) It doesn't make sense =
-----------------
Here you go

Here ya go
here you are
. 5 + J 6@ K ;L 0 M "# $ )8 I C (*2 H* GGGGEF , ) 2 : F
" K , O!) N +
)65 ) : here we are 0 1 ( L6 0M P 5 >
QH )
-----------------
gotcha
i got you 2:F , R )
i got ya T@6 3 S
9 :; ( U0 U 0 5 U ) H*
-----------------
That's it.
(:6F 0 3 @ 6 < &68 $ F V / @ W 1 ( M " < ? A6C GV / ! ,)
A6 (:6F " A6 B 3 ?+ GGG 08 /
That's that.
... )L $ Y>F 1 Z; ) $ < , ) GGG L; 6 L ) X@ QL
(:6F " C = AM K8 I2 L A -W2 >H
-----------------
Doesn't matter
Doesnn Marra [

.5 K 0 1 W2 B U K ] ?N L* \ * -6 M K8 :@ 1N ()* >H
6& Z ^ $7 3 - : GGGG - 6 E, 0 1
-----------------
Doesn't work

Doesnn work
K 1 ? 7N B .6: ,) ) 6 E, 0 1 W2 B / < / K P ( ? >H
1 ?
-----------------
it sucks, that sucks
$R U` U_ W $ , )
-----------------
 I2 & 4 K
What's up?
[
Wazzup
B 2 LF[ ? 1 - N* ) 5Z U B Z ,)
A6C[ < a
Not much.
fine, I'm good, I'm cool, I'm ok a [
- H 4 K8 \6 [
------------------
How's it going?
[
How's goin?
9 - $ 1 ?[ $ , )
,- W 6 a
it's going
[
. It’s goin
6& b $ $ * )
-----------------
How have you been doing?

How ya been doin?

.- a 8 - 7 H !cL H < a
-----------------
L* & 1 , (; 2 : F[ 1 : L 9 ),
d 6 [ c6 K 6 K
ASAP L ,
6 * e@6 + Q ? Q ? e@6
As Soon As Possible 6B : , L E,
K V WN )
ASAP7 ) O0 F K >
QH
K V WN 7 ) )
-----------------
Ff L 9 ),
look forward to
!#D + ! # g6 )
: I’m looking forward to be with you.
0 < *+ < D + g6 + + )
-----------------
: Ff L
the long and the short of it
5>F )
-----------------
: Ff L
you've draw our attention
0 ), L (@ + T (@ )
 -----------------

h F
Want to
wanaa
going to
[
gonaa
1 >
QH
: I want to do my homework
W2 LM ? <+ 2+ )
: 2 : F> 1
I wann do my homework
: 1 H _ & X@
I 'm going to visit my mother

2 P
L, " + )
: B6
I'm gonaa visit my mother
-----------------
@ 6 H i - * ? a2 6L - N Q : $ \: < )* " - L 9 ),

: , L
walk with a dragging feet
; H - 6M2 A & )
-----------------
I2222 <>8P L: I ? < - F+ L
: chill out
0 @ !68 < , O , )
-----------------
Keep an eye on my children

6@] K 0 6F O )
-----------------
I kept my temper cool

a2 ja ,
:8+ !68 (T ? )
-----------------
Don't keep on asking silly questions
@ 6iW - M K8 \;
-----------------
Do good and cast it into the sea
L - F 8
-----------------
Easy come, easy go
g d - A,E ' -L6B U A,E N
-----------------
The end justifies the means
 6W 2 L c
-----------------
L* a M
Every tide has its ebb
-----------------
It is the end that counts
) L #
-----------------
To err is human
_k F =af K *
-----------------
Every cloud has a silver lining
/ l2
-----------------
Don’t put your head in the lions mouth
6 !#3 N 6 [
-----------------
A friend in need is a friend indeed
R S (; R :
-----------------
Come on lazy bones
K 1 ] : 2P !68 c/ >H ) -) K / c) $m L & $< X )8 .6 : ,
6B ,
 It makes sense
!
, # 0 1 ' 2 3 "# , $ - ./ + $ % & ' & ()* "#
9 :; ( 6 (65 7 )8 / 42 5 ) , )
it makes sense 1
1 => <# )
1 ? @) A B
1 C D: => ) It doesn't make sense =
-----------------
Here you go

Here ya go
here you are
. 5 + J 6@ K ;L 0 M "# $ )8 I C (*2 H* GGGGEF , ) 2 : F
" K , O!) N +
)65 ) : here we are 0 1 ( L6 0M P 5 >
QH )
-----------------
gotcha
i got you 2:F , R )
i got ya T@6 3 S
9 :; ( U0 U 0 5 U ) H*
-----------------
That's it.
(:6F 0 3 @ 6 < &68 $ F V / @ W 1 ( M " < ? A6C GV / ! ,)
A6 (:6F " A6 B 3 ?+ GGG 08 /
That's that.
... )L $ Y>F 1 Z; ) $ < , ) GGG L; 6 L ) X@ QL
(:6F " C = AM K8 I2 L A -W2 >H
-----------------
Doesn't matter
Doesnn Marra [

.5 K 0 1 W2 B U K ] ?N L* \ * -6 M K8 :@ 1N ()* >H
6& Z ^ $7 3 - : GGGG - 6 E, 0 1
-----------------
Doesn't work

Doesnn work
K 1 ? 7N B .6: ,) ) 6 E, 0 1 W2 B / < / K P ( ? >H
1 ?
-----------------
it sucks, that sucks
$R U` U_ W $ , )
-----------------
 I2 & 4 K
What's up?
[
Wazzup
B 2 LF[ ? 1 - N* ) 5Z U B Z ,)
A6C[ < a
Not much.
fine, I'm good, I'm cool, I'm ok a [
- H 4 K8 \6 [
------------------
How's it going?
[
How's goin?
9 - $ 1 ?[ $ , )
it's going ,- W 6 a
[
. It’s goin
6& b $ $ * )
-----------------
How have you been doing?

How ya been doin?

.- a 8 - 7 H !cL H < a
-----------------
L* & 1 , (; 2 : F[ 1 : L 9 ),
d 6 [ c6 K 6 K
ASAP L ,
6 * e@6 + Q ? Q ? e@6
As Soon As Possible 6B : , L E,
K V WN )
ASAP7 ) O0 F K >
QH
K V WN 7 ) )
-----------------
!#D + ! # g6 ) look forward to Ff L 9 ),
: I’m looking forward to be with you.
0 < *+ < D + g6 + + )
-----------------
: Ff L
the long and the short of it
5>F )
-----------------
: Ff L
you've draw our attention
0 ), L (@ + T (@ )
-----------------
h F
Want to
wanaa
 going to
gonaa [
: I want to do my homework1 >
QH
W2 LM ? <+ 2+ )
: 2 : F> 1
I wann do my homework
: 1 H _ & X@
I 'm going to visit my mother

2 P
L, " + )
: B6
I'm gonaa visit my mother
-----------------
@ 6 H i - * ? a2 6L - N Q : $ \: < )* " - L 9 ),

: , L
walk with a dragging feet
; H - 6M2 A & )
-----------------
I2222 - >8P L: I ? < - F+ L
: chill out
; 2 0 ] + U0 @ !68 ,O,)
-----------------
Keep an eye on my children

6@] K 0 6F O )
-----------------
I kept my temper cool

a2 ja ,
:8+ !68 (T ? )
-----------------
Don't keep on asking silly questions
@ 6iW - M K8 \;
-----------------
Do good and cast it into the sea
L - F 8
-----------------
Easy come, easy go
g d - A,E ' -L6B U A,E N
-----------------
The end justifies the means
6W 2 L c
-----------------
L* a M
Every tide has its ebb
-----------------
It is the end that counts
) L #
 -----------------
To err is human
_k F =af K *
-----------------
Every cloud has a silver lining
/ l2
-----------------
Don’t put your head in the lions mouth
6 !#3 N 6 [
-----------------
A friend in need is a friend indeed
R S (; R :
-----------------
Come on lazy bones
K 1 ] : 2P !68 c/ >H ) -) K / c) $m L & $< X )8 .6 : ,
6B ,
Congratulations

Good luck

Best of luck in your new job

Thank you very much !

I wish you lost of happiness in your new home # '( $% & # "

I wish you the speediest recovery ) * +, "

For your promotion Congratulations '- ' .

Are you happy in your new place . 1 23 &1 0. /

Quite happy , thank you 4 ) 23 &1

How`s your work ? & 5!

It`s going fine 7 1" .6

Thank a lot for the the nice gift :; : 8 9)

I am glad you like it '== .< .

Thank you for the coffee $> ? "

You`re very welcome ( 8/

Thank so much for inviting me >

I hope you can come agin soon B C $ 1 A @ "

Please give my best wishes to your faly :; " 6 18 ?.

I`ll do that D A

I can`t thank you enough : +! E F' G

Don`t mention it = G

Could I have your advice 2 F /

I sincerely regret this error AFI H :? ? 5

You have my deep consolation J ;9 =?

 )good morning

good afternoon # $% " ! (2)

)good evening & (3)

) good night , ' ( ) * !+ (4)

)good bye 0 1 - . / (5)

)see you later $ 45 23 ( (6)

)have a nice trip 8 + 9 :;< 6 5 37 (7)

) I'm pleased to meet you , + 31 > % =+ (8)

)How are you? < ? 7 @ A (9)

)very well , thank you ? E FG 0 % CD B 1 (10)

)what do you call this JK F A G LG H I< >5 (11)

)what do you call that L K F A G LG H? K >5 (12)

) what does this mean M JK NG LG H I< ( (13)

) what does that mean M L K NG LG H? K ( (14)

)do you speak Arabic ?1 ? 5 G H- 1 >3C$+ < (15)

) ?1 ? 5 < #G 4 NG H- 1 >3C$ 7 < < (16)

Does anyone here speak Arabic

) R 3P R$ ? 5 , G 0S - O 3P Q Q (17)

Idon't speak much English

)I understand $5 0S >< % 4 (18)

)I don't understand $5 , G 0S >< % , 4 (19 )

) Please repeat that L K , 1 O3 1 ?3T% M ) (20)

 ) O 31 4 35 ? 5 A ?3 (3) >3C+ ?3T% M (21)

Could you speak more slowly , please?

) U 1 K # O % K +, 1 O 31 8 $C 4% -3 P ( D ?3T% M (22)

please point to the phrase in the book

L % # A 0S ; 45 " FG 0S , , 7 8 $C 4% ) VW1X5 6 7 G - W (23)

) U 1 JK (<

just a minute I'll see if I can Find it in this book

)can you help me , please O 31 4 Y3< # A 4 ) 5 ?3T% M (24)

)Give it to me please O 31 4 + ,< @[ 4 Z) ?3T% M (25)

)bring it to me please O 31 4 + L \ 1 ( < T7 ?3T% M (26)

) I'm hungry 0 2 < > #) 4 (27)

)I'm thirsty 4$5 E > # =Z) 4 (28)

)I'm tired +> Y $ 4 (29)

) I'm lost ,5 > -] + 4 (30)

) it's important , + O+ ^< - (31)

) it's urgent , O+ ) - (32)

) hurry up 8 0 < _ -) 1 (33)

) I don't know yet , , G 0S 1 ; ) Q (34)

)I'm just passing through G E \ 5 1 , > <M (35)

) 3C +\E ; < 0S - ) M3) 4D 0S 0 ) 9 (36)

I have nothing to declare

) it's a gift ,& O+ - < (37)

) Must I pay on this JK #G 0 1 0S , I< M) /% # YP < (38)

) how much R$ G < H>A (39)

 ) where do I pay? 0 1 0S G G H/ % M (40)

) N G + [Q K G HY] 2W L 1 ) M (41)

Where are the luggage trolleys?

) 4 A# % D 0S # A G H- Q L. W+ 4 C M (42)

where can I change foreign currency?

) N G 1 $ JK D #A H- $5 L ( 6I< 4 F 7 ?3T% M (43)

can you change this Into pounds?

) 0 `` + ,[ 0S # A G H0 `` + , 0S # A G H0 `` + M (44)

Where can I get a taxi?

) A < 0S # A G H6 5 Pa$5 # 4 C M (45)

Where can I hire a car?

^G + < 4 U 1 A " H?3T% M b & 7 4% -%cd 4 OPW+ # / Z$ + < (46)

) O 31

could you book me a hotel room, please?

)where is the hotel lpcated ? $ A + < KN G Hb & /2 M (47)

)what's the charge per mile? 1 f D K O+G H C M e >A (48)

)what's the deposite? LN K O+G HM X$ >A (49)

)here is my Driving licence M \& 0 N < 4$!' 6I< (50)

)where can I get a taxi? 4 A + , #A G H4 A + M (51)

.) Please get me a taxi. 0 `` + 4 , O 31 ?3T% M 0 `` + ( Y3g (52)

)stop here , please. O 31 B < 8 $5 ?3T% M < @[ (53)

) 4 35 @ A ?3 (3) \5 ?3T% M (54)

Could you drive more slowly.

 )4 % , G O 31 G H ?3T% M 0 $ / Z$ + < (55)

Would you please wait for me.

) 4 9+.% = % % 0S # A G -DG & \2D X+ - AG M (56)

where can I find a furnished – flats agency?

) L.% ^G 0 + %\A > ; dh 1 -2D M) VW1 4 (57)

I am looking for a 3-room flat.

)I have a reservation M= % 6 ; < 4< OP7 0 ) (58)

) I wrote to you last month. V ,5Q + LG 0S 4i = >C , $A 2 (59)

) Here is the confirmation. M= & A KN < OPW AX+ I< (60)

)a single room ^G 25 j = -% d (61)

)a double room ^G 1 M ! = -% d (62)

)facing the sea. 45 K \ % W (3) Z+ (63)

) facing the Gardens O [ K\ % -2 W (3) Z+ (64)

) It must be quiet , A 41 , L -] < # C+ # YP (65)

)is there any reduction # 3=+ % MD 4 K N HF &g . k & + < (66)

for children

) Do you charge for the baby. 4 1 K %f D G H &Z (3) Y5 W+ < (67)

)it's too expensive @ 1 `` 0 + O+ - d (6

) =+ \ E 4 , % < Hj' lD U ) < (69)

Haven't you any thing cheaper?

) No,I don't like it. L ? Q , G 0S 4 P +Q B Q (70)

) ^ % M= $ P JK M< \ 3 % G m $5Q 6I< n ?3T% M (71)

would you mind filling in this Registration form?

) < M 5 O 31 < /[G ?3T% M (72)

 Please sign here.

)what's my room number ^G 0 9+G 4$% d >[ (73)

) Where can I leave my car A0 @ 0S # A G H4+ 5U +4 C M

)just a minute , , 6 7 G - W (75)

) $54 1 4 % #A F &g 3 M) 4 V W + # ? C < (76)

Can you find me a baby- sitter?

) ^G 0 # 4A 0 ,& @ 4$% d 4% $& , (77)

I've left my key in my room.

) 4 % % #G 4 N < & 3+ 7 41 !+ < (78)

Has anyone phoned for me

) 4 % 4 K 4 - 5 + < (79)

Are there any messages for me

)I'm leaving early 4 \ & > Ko C 7 X5 (80)

) I must leave at once 9 % L @ , 0S % 7 # YP (81)

) ? E 0S 1 JK # ? $ ; m + & 6I< 8 7 4% LXZ' ? Mp (82)

you've made a mistake in this bill. I think

) We're in a great hurry. 0 < , M< G F P $5Q - d 4% (83)

) , $ [ C #A > Z 1 4 W! ?3T% M (84)

Can you recommend a good restaurant?

)what would you Like? ? Q G LG FG $+ # YW+ K (85)

)what would you like to Drink? H? +?Q G LG H8 =+ # + K (86)

) MC + 9$ 5 9 K 6N PW MA Q 6I< < (87)

Are these seats taken?

), MG K K ; < O 31 0 ?3T% M L 1G = G^ Z - ][ (88)

 May I please have the menu and the wine list?

) O 31 3 =+ K % , 31 ; < 0G # A ?3T% M F &g. 2 g (89)

Can we have a plate for the child, please?

)I'd like the bill 1 K ? Q ?3T% M 8 W (90)

)keep the change =+ K Y A 4[ 1 q&$7 (91)

) That's not what I ordered G 0S LG L 9+ K -$ 3g 9 I< (92)

) May I change this? JK =+ 0S 0 H I< r+ 4 C < (93)

)this isn't clean M 3A , N JK & 9 I< (94)

) ;< G % 45 ;G A LG H>A ) U 5Q ; (95)

What kind of seafood do you have?

) ;< G , ;G A LG H>A ) >W3 ; (96)

What kind of meat do you have?

)boiled 3 1 b 3 (97)

)grilled 3 [ 0 = (98)

) ; 5 G O= 0 $ 1 LG H>A ) Z ; (99)

What poultry dishes do you serve?

) O 31 L ?Q ?3T% M 37 (100)

I'd like a dessert , please

 1. When waking up

(1)

Alhamdu lillahil-lathee ahyana baAAda ma amatana wa-ilayhin-nushoor.

‘All praise is for Allah who gave us life after having taken it from us and
unto Him is the resurrection.’

(2)

The Prophet ? said : ‘Whoever awakes at night and then says:

!" # $ % !&' ( *) +, -. / 0 1 ! 2 ! 2'& , 3 4 3 3

.56 + 3 7 ( 3 8 3 !&$. " " 3 3 ! "

La ilaha illal-lahu wahdahu la shareeka lah, lahul-mulku walahul-hamd,

wahuwa AAala kulli shay-in qadeer, subhanal-lah, walhamdu lillah, wala
ilaha illal-lah wallahu akbar, wala hawla wala quwwata illa billahil-
AAaliyyil AAatheem.

‘None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, alone without associate,
to Him belongs sovereignty and praise and He is over all things wholly
capable. How perfect Allah is, and all praise is for Allah, and none has the
right to be worshipped except Allah, Allah is the greatest and there is no
power nor might except with Allah, The Most High, The Supreme.

…and then supplicates:

.+ &9: +

Rabbigh-fir lee

‘O my Lord forgive me.’

…will be forgiven’
 Al-Waleed said, “or he ? said:

‘and then asks, he will be answered.If he then performs ablution and prays,
his prayer will be accepted’.”

(3)

.4&. + #; + +0< => +? + ? 0 "

Alhamdu lillahil-lathee AAafanee fee jasadee waradda AAalayya roohee

wa-athina lee bithikrih.

‘All praise is for Allah who restored to me my health and returned my soul
and has allowed me to remember Him.’

(4)

H$E + EF
) 'I J - @A BC D E F = G C +? #

)PNNOLMN # & 0 8K(

?Inna fee khalqi alssamawati waal-ardi wa-ikhtilafi allayli wa-alnnahari la-

ayatin li-olee al-albab…?

(From Verse 3:190 till the end of the chapter Ali AAimran)

2. Supplication when wearing a garment

(5)

.7 (3 + 8
) & :T (U SH R Q 1 + =. "

Alhamdu lillahil-lathee kasanee hatha (aththawb) warazaqaneehi min ghayri

hawlin minnee wala quwwah.

‘All Praise is for Allah who has clothed me with this garment and provided
it for me, with no power nor might from myself.’

3. Supplication said when wearing a new garment

 (6)

&[ , 4[& , T 2 ; 0 ! VW & C 4& C T 2 X% ! =. Y 2 5Z J

. VW

Allahumma lakal-hamdu anta kasawtaneeh, as-aluka min khayrihi wakhayri

ma suniAAa lah, wa-aAAoothu bika min sharrihi washarri ma suniAAa lah.

‘O Allah, for You is all praise, You have clothed me with it (i.e. the
garment), I ask You for the good of it and the good for which it was made,
and I seek refuge with You from the evil of it and the evil for which it was
made.’

4. Supplication said to someone wearing a new garment

(7)

./ " \]' + $

Tublee wayukhliful-lahu taAAala.

replace it (with another).’ The intended / ‘May you wear it out and Allah
meaning: A supplication for long life. “

(8)

^ J, Y ^ _0 ^ ' >`$

Ilbas jadeedan waAAish hameedan wamut shaheedan.

‘Wear anew, live commendably and die a shaheed.’

shaheed:One who dies fighting the kuffar in order to make the word of Allah
superior or in defense of Islam. It also has other meanings found in the
Sunnah such as: the one who dies defending his life, wealth or family; the
woman who passes away due to childbirth; one who drowns…etc.

5. Before undressing

(9)
 ." 5=

Bismil-lah

‘In the name of Allah.’

6. Before entering the toilet

(10)

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(Bismil-lah) allahumma innee aAAoothu bika minal-khubthi wal-khaba-ith

‘(In the name of Allah). O Allah, I take refuge with you from all evil and
evil-doers.’

7. After leaving the toilet

(11)

.2 & 9:

Ghufranak

‘I ask You (Allah) for forgiveness.’

8. When starting ablution

(12)

." 5=

Bismil-lah

‘In the name of Allah.’

9. Upon completing the ablution

(13)

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 Ashhadu an la ilaha illal-lahu wahdahu la shareeka lah, wa-ashhadu anna
Muhammadan AAabduhu warasooluh.

‘I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, alone
without partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and
Messenger.’

(14 )

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Allahummaj-AAalnee minat-tawwabeena wajAAalnee minal-

mutatahhireen.

‘O Allah, make me of those who return to You often in repentance and make
me of those who remain clean and pure.’

(15 )

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Subhanakal-lahumma wabihamdika ashhadu an la ilaha illa anta

astaghfiruka wa-atoobu ilayk.

‘How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You, I bear witness that none
has the right to be worshipped except You, I seek Your forgiveness and turn
in repentance to You.’

10. When leaving the home

(16)

." 3 7Z ( 3 8 3 " / 0 Y .Z ! " 5=

Bismil-lah, tawakkaltu AAalal-lah, wala hawla wala quwwata illa billah.

‘In the name of Allah, I place my trust in Allah, and there is no might nor
power except with Allah.’
 (17)

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Allahumma innee aAAoothu bika an adilla aw odal, aw azilla aw ozall, aw

athlima aw othlam, aw ajhala aw yujhala AAalay.

‘O Allah, I take refuge with You lest I should stray or be led astray, or slip
or be tripped, or oppress or be oppressed, or behave foolishly or be treated
foolishly.’

slip: i.e. to commit a sin unintentionally

11. Upon entering the home

(18)

. . [ / 0 ! >& C " 5 = ! g " 5 =

Bismil-lahi walajna, wabismil-lahi kharajna, waAAala rabbina tawakkalna.

‘In the name of Allah we enter and in the name of Allah we leave, and upon
our Lord we place our trust.’

12. Supplication when going to the mosque

(19)

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5Z J j +B T ! +( ?T - > ! + T ! +9 C T - >
. + c0

Allahumma ijAAal fee qalbee noora, wafee lisanee noora, wajAAal fee
samAAee noora,wajAAal fee basaree noora, wajAAal min khalfee noora,
wamin amamee noora ,wajAAal min fawqee noora, wamin tahtee noora,
allahumma aAAtinee noora.

‘O Allah, place within my heart light, and upon my tongue light, and within
my ears light, and within my eyes light, and place behind me light and in
front of me light and above me light and beneath me light. O Allah, bestow
upon me light.’

13. Upon entering the mosque

 (20)

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.2B H + p B? 5Z J !n" 8 % / 0 oAZ= m

aAAoothu billahil-AAatheem wabiwajhihil-kareem wasultanihil-qadeem

minash-shaytanir-rajeem, [bismil-lah, wassalatu] [wassalamu AAala
rasoolil-lah] , allahumma iftah lee abwaba rahmatik.

‘I take refuge with Allah, The Supreme and with His Noble Face, and His
eternal authority from the accursed devil. In the name of Allah, and prayers
and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, open the gates of Your
mercy for me.’

14. Upon leaving the mosque

(21)

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.5 >Z& # c Z

Bismil-lah wassalatu wassalamu AAala rasoolil-lah, allahumma innee as-

aluka min fadlik, allahumma iAAsimnee minash-shaytanir-rajeem.

‘In the name of Allah, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of
Allah. O Allah, I ask You from Your favour. O Allah, guard me from the
accursed devil.’

15. Supplications related to the athan (the call to prayer)

(22)

‘One repeats just as the mu-aththin (one who calls to prayer) says, except
when he says:

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Hayya AAalas-salah (or) hayya AAalal-falah

‘come to prayer, come to success’

instead, one should say:

 ." 3 7Z ( 3 8 3

La hawla wala quwwata illa billah.

‘There is no might nor power except with Allah.’

(23)

Immediately following the declaration of faith called by the mu-aththin, one

says:

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Wa-ana ashhadu an la ilaha illal-lahu wahdahu la shareeka lah, wa-anna

Muhammadan AAabduhu warasooluh, radeetu billahi rabban
wabimuhammadin rasoolan wabil-islami deena.

‘And I too bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except
Allah, alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is His salve and
Messenger. I am pleased with Allah as a Lord, and Muhammad as a
Messenger and Islam as a religion.’

(24)

‘One should then send prayers on the Prophet ? after answering the call of
the mu-aththin’

(25)

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Z 5Z J
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Allahumma rabba hathihid-daAAwatit-tammah, wassalatil-qa-imah ati

Muhammadan alwaseelata wal-fadeelah, wabAAath-hu maqaman
mahmoodan allathee waAAadtah, innaka la tukhliful-meeAAad.

‘O Allah, Owner of this perfect call and Owner of this prayer to be

performed, bestow upon Muhammad al-waseelah and al-fadeelah and send
him upon a praised platform which You have promised him. Verily, You
never fail in Your promise.’

al-waseelah: A station in paradise.

al-fadeelah: A rank above the rest of creation.

 (26)

One should also supplicate for himself during the time between the athan
and the iqamah as supplication at such time is not rejected.

16. Supplication at the start of the prayer (after takbeer)

(27)

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.<&$ * w RZ ' cC T + =: 5Z J ! ` Z T v E H RZ /Zk '

Allahumma baAAid baynee wabayna khatayaya kama baAAadta baynal-

mashriqi walmaghrib, allahumma naqqinee min khatayaya kama yunaqqath-
thawbul-abyadu minad-danas, allahummagh-silnee min khatayaya biththalji
walma/i walbarad.

‘O Allah, distance me from my sins just as You have distanced The East
from The West, O Allah, purify me of my sins as a white robe is purified of
filth, O Allah, cleanse me of my sins with snow, water, and ice.’

(28)

.d& : 3 d >/ 2 % d $ d 5Z J 2 $%

Subhanakal-lahumma wabihamdika watabarakas-muka wataAAala jadduka

wala ilaha ghayruk.

‘How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. Blessed be Your name,
and lofty is Your position and none has the right to be worshipped except
You.’

(29)

! +l= ! + AW # Z ! T .& T ^9 D E F = Z &c? Z + J> Y JZ>

Y 5Z J j T = T F& 2 2 '&, 3 ! T H
[ "+ !
+ ; + &9: ? + $ Y?&B 0 + =9 Y h ! d $0 +[ Y !Y 3 32
! Y 3 J = E J' 3 uACE T= E+ 1 jY 3 H &9 e' 3 Z ^ >
!2' . & ] ! 2' % 2 $Z ! Y 3 Jx[ % + 0 @&i' 3 ! Jx[ % + 0 @& W
.2 H d&9 eB% Y Y. $ ! 2 2 ! 2 ` &Z
 Wajjahtu wajhiya lillathee fataras-samawati wal-arda haneefan wama ana
minal-mushrikeen, inna salatee wanusukee wamahyaya wamamatee lillahi
rabbil-AAalameen, la shareeka lahu wabithalika omirtu wa-ana minal-
muslimeen. Allahumma antal-maliku la ilaha illa ant. anta rabbee wa-ana
AAabduk, thalamtu nafsee waAAtaraftu bithanbee faghfir lee thunoobee
jameeAAan innahu la yaghfiruth-thunooba illa ant.wahdinee li-ahsanil-
akhlaqi la yahdee li-ahsaniha illa ant, wasrif AAannee sayyi-aha la yasrifu
AAannee sayyi-aha illa ant, labbayka wasaAAdayk,walkhayru kulluhu
biyadayk, washsharru laysa ilayk, ana bika wa-ilayk, tabarakta
wataAAalayt, astaghfiruka wa-atoobu ilayk.

‘I have turned my face sincerely towards He who has brought forth the
heavens and the Earth and I am not of those who associate (others with
Allah). Indeed my prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death are for Allah,
Lord of the worlds, no partner has He, with this I am commanded and I am
of the Muslims. O Allah, You are the Sovereign, none has the right to be
worshipped except You. You are my Lord and I am Your servant, I have
wronged my own soul and have acknowledged my sin, so forgive me all my
sins for no one forgives sins except You. Guide me to the best of characters
for none can guide to it other than You, and deliver me from the worst of
characters for none can deliver me from it other than You. Here I am, in
answer to Your call, happy to serve you. All good is within Your hands and
evil does not stem from You. I exist by your will and will return to you.
Blessed and High are You, I seek Your forgiveness and repent unto You.’

Allah does not create pure evil which does not have any good or contain any
benefit, wisdom or mercy at all, nor does He punish anyone without having
commited a sin. Something can be good in terms of its creation when
viewed in a particular perspective and at the same time be evil when viewed
in another way. Allah created the devil and by him, He tests His servants, so
there are those who hate the devil, fight him and his way and they stand at
enmity towards him and his followers and there are others who are at
allegiance with the devil and follow his steps. So evil exists in His creatures
by His will and wisdom, not in His actions or act of creating.

(30)

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Z & z ? !- ? & % ! - b l ! - b &$ > H
Z 5Z J
2 Z ! 2 ;{ G
[ T ? \ BC + 1 j# 9 B]' ? . ? d< $0 T 5l Y
.5 kB= |
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Allahumma rabba jibra-eel, wameeka-eel, wa-israfeel fatiras-samawati

walard, AAalimal-ghaybi washshahadah, anta tahkumu bayna AAibadika
feema kanoo feehi yakhtalifoon. ihdinee limakh-tulifa feehi minal-haqqi bi-
ithnik, innaka tahdee man tasha-o ila siratin mustaqeem.

‘O Allah, Lord of Jibra-eel, Meeka-eel and Israfeel (great angles), Creator of

 the heavens and the Earth, Knower of the seen and the unseen. You are the
arbitrator between Your servants in that which they have disputed. Guide
me to the truth by Your leave, in that which they have differed, for verily
You guide whom You will to a straight path.’

(31)

! & R. " ! & R. " ! & $. & $. " ! & $. & $. " ! & $. & $. "
)^}A} Q j A W 7^ & l " # $% ! & R. "

.4~ 1 R9 ]9 T # c Z T " ; 0

Allahu akbaru kabeera, Allahu akbaru kabeera, Allahu akbaru kabeera,

walhamdu lillahi katheera, walhamdu lillahi katheera, walhamdu lillahi
katheera, wasubhanal-lahi bukratan wa-aseela. (three times)

aAAoothu billahi minash-shaytani min nafkhihi wanafthihi wahamzih.

‘Allah is Most Great, Allah is Most Great, Allah is Most Great, much praise
is for Allah, much praise is for Allah, much praise is for Allah, and I declare
the perfection of Allah in the early morning and in the late afternoon.’(three
times)

‘I take refuge with Allah from the devil, from his pride, his poetry and his
madness.’

(32)

The prophet ? would say (as an opening supplication in prayer) when rising
from sleep to perform prayers during the night:

D E F = Z 5[ ( Y 2 ! TJ ? T D E F = Z Y 2 5Z J
F = Z 2 2 2 m nTJ ? T D E F = Z H Y 2 m ! TJ ? T
G Y mn 2 mnD E F = Z 2 Y 2 m nTJ ? T D E
! G # $Z ! G ! G tZ g ! G d• k ! G 2 ( ! G d 0
!Y$ 2 ! Y K 2 ! Y .Z 2 0 ! Y % 2 5Z J m nG t0 = ! G • € Z
nY 0 !F &% ! F& C
Z ! Y Z ( + & 9: ? j Y . 2 !Y WC2
.Y 3 3 +J Y m nY 3 3 ! &[C‚ Y o[ k Y m

Allahumma lakal-hamd anta noorus-samawati wal-ardi waman feehin,

walakal-hamd, anta qayyimus-samawati walardi waman feehin, [walakal-
hamd, anta rabbus-samawati walardi waman feehin], [walakal-hamd, laka
mulkus-samawati walardi waman feehin] [walakal-hamd, anta malikus-
samawati walard] [walakal-hamd] [antal-haq, wawaAAdukal-haq,
waqawlukal-haq, waliqa-okal-haq, waljannatu haq wannaru haq,
wannabiyyoona haq, wa Muhammadun ? haq, wassaAAatu haq]
 [allahumma laka aslamt, waAAalayka tawakkalt, wabika amant, wa-ilayka
anabt, wabika khasamt, wa-ilayka hakamt, faghfir lee ma qaddamt, wama
akhkhart, wama asrart, wama aAAlant] [antal-muqaddim, wa-antal-mu-
akhkhir, la ilaha illa ant] [anta ilahee la ilaha illa ant .

‘O Allah, to You belongs all praise, You are the Light of the heavens and
the Earth and all that is within them. To You belongs all praise, You are the
Sustainer of the heavens and the Earth and all that is within them. To You
belongs all praise. You are Lord of the heavens and the Earth and all that is
within them. To You belongs all praise and the kingdom of the heavens and
the Earth and all that is within them. To You belongs all praise, You are the
King of the heavens and the Earth and to You belongs all praise. You are
The Truth, Your promise is true, your Word is true, and the Day in which
we will encounter You is true, the Garden of Paradise is true and the Fire is
true, and the Prophets are true, Muhammad ? is true and the Final Hour is
true. O Allah, unto You I have submitted, and upon You I have relied, and
in You I have believed, and to You I have turned in repentance, and over
You I have disputed, and to You I have turned for judgment. So forgive me
for what has come to pass of my sins and what will come to pass, and what I
have hidden and what I have made public. You are Al-Muqaddim and Al-
Mu-akhkhir. None has the right to be worshipped except You, You are my
Deity, none has the right to be worshipped except You.’

Meaning of Al-Muqaddim and Al-Mu-akhkhir: Allah puts forward and

favours whom He wills from amongst His creation just as He defers and
holds back whom He wills in accordance to His wisdom. E.g. Favouring
man over the rest of creation, favouring the Prophets over the rest of
mankind, favouring Muhammad ? over all the Prophets and
Messengers…etc.

praised platform: One in which all of creation will praise him on, in order to
bring about the account quickly and be relieved from the lengthy standing or
the role of intercession.

(33)

S^}A}Q j 5 6 + [ # $%
Subhana rabbiyal-AAatheem (three times)

‘How perfect my Lord is, The Supreme.’(three times)

(34)

.+ & 9: 5Z J ! d Z 5Z J 2 $%

Subhanakal-lahumma rabbana wabihamdik, allahummagh-fir lee

‘How perfect You are O Allah, our Lord and I praise You. O Allah, forgive
me.’
 (35)

.r & t lbA H ! ƒ ( €r $%

Subboohun quddoos, rabbul-mala-ikati warrooh.

‘Perfect and Holy (He is), Lord of the angles and the Rooh (i.e. Jibra-eel).’

(36)

! + 60 ! + ]
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.+ ( -Z kB% ! +$ i0

Allahumma laka rakaAAt, wabika amant, walaka aslamt, khashaAAa laka

samAAee, wabasaree, wamukhkhee, waAAathmee, waAAasabee, wamas-
taqalla bihi qadamee.

‘O Allah, unto You I have bowed, and in You I have believed, and to You I
have submitted. My hearing, sight, mind, bones, tendons and what my feet
carry are humbled before You.’

(37)

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Subhana thil-jabaroot, walmalakoot, walkibriya/, walAAathamah.

‘How perfect He is, The Possessor of total power, sovereignty, magnificence

and grandeur.’

18. Upon rising from the bowing posision

(38)

.4 T " V %

SamiAAal-lahu liman hamidah

‘May Allah answer he who praises Him.’

This supplication is to be made while rising.

 (39)

. ? ^. $ ^$ [ z ^& R. ^ 2 Z

Rabbana walakal-hamdu hamdan katheeran tayyiban mubarakan feeh.

‘Our Lord, for You is all praise, an abundant beautiful blessed praise.’

(40)

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V9'3 !Y + c 3 ! Y c0 V 3 5Z J j $ 0 2 . ! $ 8 ( G
. g 2 [g ;

Mil-as-samawati wamil-al-ard, wama baynahuma, wamil/a ma shi/ta min

shay-in baAAd, ahlath-thana-i walmajd, ahaqqu ma qalal-AAabd,
wakulluna laka AAabd. Allahumma la maniAAa lima aAAtayt, wala
muAAtiya lima manaAAt, wala yanfaAAu thal-jaddi minkal-jad.

‘The heavens and the Earth and all between them abound with Your praises,
and all that You will abounds with Your praises. O Possessor of praise and
majesty, the truest thing a slave has said (of You) and we are all Your
slaves. O Allah, none can prevent what You have willed to bestow and none
can bestow what You have willed to prevent, and no wealth or majesty can
benefit anyone, as from You is all wealth and majesty.’

This supplication is made optionally only in conjunction with the previous

one.

19. Supplication whilst prostrating (sujood)

(41)

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Subhana rabbiyal-aAAla. (three times)

‘How perfect my Lord is, The Most High.’(three times)

(42)

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Subhanakal-lahumma rabbana wabihamdik, allahummagh- fir lee.

‘How perfect You are O Allah, our Lord, and I praise You. O Allah, forgive
me.’
 (43)

.r & t lbA H !ƒ ( €r $%

Subbohoon quddos, rabbul-mala-ikati warrooh.

‘Perfect and Holy (He is), Lord of the angles and the Rooh (i.e. Jibra-eel).’

(44)

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.T k ] T = " d $ ! 4& i

Allahumma laka sajadt, wabika amant, walaka aslamt, sajada wajhee

lillathee khalaqahu wasawwarahu washaqqa samAAahu wabasarahu,
tabarakal-lahu ahsanul-khaliqeen.

‘O Allah, unto You I have prostrated and in You I have believed, and unto
You I have submitted. My face has prostrated before He Who created it and
fashioned it, and brought forth its faculties of hearing and seeing. Blessed is
Allah, the Best of creators.’

(45)

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Subhana thil-jabaroot, walmalakoot, walkibriya/, walAAathamah.

‘How perfect He is, The Possessor of total power, sovereignty, magnificence

and grandeur.’

(46)

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Allahummagh-fir lee thanbee kullah, diqqahu wajillah, wa-awwalahu wa-

akhirah, wa- AAalaniyyatahu wa-sirrah.

‘O Allah, forgive me all of my sins, the small and great of them, the first and
last of them, and the seen and hidden of them.’
 (47)

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.2 =9 / 0 Y } . Y ! 2 0 *^ }

Allahumma innee aAAoothu biridaka min sakhatik, wa-bimuAAafatika min

AAuqoobatik, wa-aAAoothu bika mink, la ohsee thana-an AAalayk, anta
kama athnayta AAala nafsik.

‘O Allah, I take refuge within Your pleasure from Your displeasure and
within Your pardon from Your punishment, and I take refuge in You from
You. I cannot enumerate Your praise, You are as You have praised
Yourself.’

20. Supplication between the two prostrations

(48)

.+ & 9: H
[ ! + & 9: H
[

Rabbigh-fir lee, rabbigh-fir lee.

‘My Lord forgive me, My Lord forgive me.’

(49)

.+ ? + (U + ? 0 ! + &$> ! + 1 ! + ! + & 9: 5Z J

Allahummagh-fir lee, warhamnee, wahdinee, wajburnee, waAAafinee,

warzuqnee warfaAAnee.

‘O Allah, forgive me, have mercy upon me, guide me, enrich me, give me
health, grant me sustenance and raise my rank.’

21. Supplication when prostrating due to recitation of the Quran

(50)

T= " d $ • Z ( 4& i %G
Z, 4 Z W kC Z + J> g%
?.T k ]

Sajada wajhee lillathee khalaqahu washaqqa samAAahu wabasarahu

bihawlihi waquwwatih { tabaraka Allahu ahsanu alkhaliqeen}.

‘My face fell prostrate before He who created it and brought forth its
 faculties of hearing and seeing by His might and power.<< So Blessed is
Allah, the best of creators. >>’

(51)

J $Z k ! ^& C; d 0 + J > ! ^ U J + [ 0 V f ! ^& > d 0 J + y B. 5Z J

.< < d $0 T J B $Z k . + [

Allahummak-tub lee biha AAindaka ajra, wadaAA AAannee biha wizra,

wajAAalha lee AAindaka thukhra, wataqabbalha minnee kama taqabbaltaha
min AAabdika Dawood.

‘O Allah, record for me a reward for this (prostration), and remove from me
a sin. Save it for me and accept it from me just as You had accepted it from
Your servant Dawood.’

22. The Tashahhud

Tashahhud: what one says in the sitting position in prayer

(52)

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Z F i
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Attahiyyatu lillahi wassalawatu wattayyibat, assalamu AAalayka ayyuhan-

nabiyyu warahmatul-lahi wabarakatuh, assalamu AAalayna waAAala
AAibadil-lahis-saliheen. Ash-hadu an la ilaha illal-lah, wa-ashhadu anna
Muhammadan AAabduhu warasooluh.

‘At-tahiyyat is for Allah. All acts of worship and good deeds are for Him.
Peace and the mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you O Prophet. Peace
be upon us and all of Allah’s righteous servants. I bear witness that none has
the right to be worshipped except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad
is His slave and Messenger.’

At-tahiyyat: all words which indicate the glorification of Allah. His eternal
existence, His perfection and His sovereignty.

23. Prayers upon the Prophet ? after the tashahhud

(53)

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[ W 5Z J
!5 1 & 8K / 0 5 1 & {„ 0 Y. .! Z 8K / 0 ! Z / 0 d 5Z J ! g
. g € 2Z

Allahumma salli AAala Muhammad, wa-AAala ali Muhammad, kama

sallayta AAala Ibraheema wa-AAala ali Ibraheem, innaka Hameedun
Majeed, allahumma barik AAala Muhammad, wa-AAala ali Muhammad,
 kama barakta AAala Ibraheema wa-AAala ali Ibraheem, innaka Hameedun
Majeed.

‘O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad,

just as You sent prayers upon Ibraheem and upon the followers of Ibraheem.
Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. O Allah, send blessings upon
Mohammad and upon the family of Muhammad, just as You sent blessings
upon Ibraheem and upon the family of Ibraheem. Verily, You are full of
praise and majesty.’

send prayers: praise and exalt him in the highest and superior of gatherings:
that of the closest angels to Allah.

(al) has been translated in it’s broadest sense: some scholars are of the view
that the meaning here is more specific and that it means: his ? followers
from among his family.

(54)

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. g € 2Z j 5 1 & 8K / 0 Y. . ! B 'Z [ ; > UX„ 0

Allahumma salli AAala Muhammad wa-AAala azwajihi wathurriyyatihi

kama sallayta AAala ali Ibraheem, wabarik AAala Muhammad, wa-AAala
azwajihi wathurriyyatih, kama barakta AAala ali Ibraheem. innaka
Hameedun Majeed.

‘O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and upon the wives and
descendants of Muhammad, just as You sent prayers upon the family of
Ibraheem, and send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the wives and
descendants of Muhammad, just as You sent blessings upon the family of
Ibraheem. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty.’

24. Supplication said after the last tashahhud and before salam

(55)

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.8 >Z p = t B?

Allahumma innee aAAoothu bika min AAathabil-qabr, wamin AAathabi

jahannam, wamin fitnatil-mahya walmamat, wamin shari fitnatil-maseehid-
dajjal.

‘O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, from the
torment of the Fire, from the trials and tribulations of life and death and
from the evil affliction of Al-Maseeh Ad-Dajjal.’

Al-Maseeh Ad-Dajjal: among the great signs of the last hour and the
greatest trials to befall mankind, which every Prophet has warned about.
Most of mankind will follow him. He will appear from Asbahan, Iran at the
time when the Muslims will conquer Constantinople. He will be given
special powers and will make the truth seem false and vice versa. He will
claim to be righteous and then he will claim prophethood and finally,
divinity. From his features is that he will be blind in his right eye which is a
definite proof that contradicts his claim to be Allah as it is a sign of
imperfection. The word Kafir will be written between his eyes which every
believer, literate or illiterate will recognise.

(56)

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.o& e 5 }X T 2 ; 0 + [ Z5 J j F

Allahumma innee aAAoothu bika min AAathabil-qabr, wa-aAAoothu bika

min fitnatil-maseehid-dajjal, wa-aAAoothu bika min fitnatil-mahya
walmamat. Allahumma innee aAAoothu bika minal-ma/thami walmaghram.

‘O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, and I take
refuge in You from the temptation and trial of Al-Maseeh Ad-Dajjal, and I
take refuge in You from the trials and tribulations of life and death. O Allah,
I take refuge in You from sin and debt.’

(57)

d 0 T 7^ &9 e + &9 : ? ! Y 3 H &9 e' 3 ^& R. ^ h + =9 Y h + [ 5Z J

.5 &Z 9 e Y 2Z !+

Allahumma innee thalamtu nafsee thulman katheeran wala yaghfiruth-

thunooba illa ant, faghfir lee maghfiratan min AAindik warhamnee, innaka
antal-Ghafoorur-Raheem.

‘O Allah, I have indeed oppressed my soul excessively and none can forgive
sin except You, so forgive me a forgiveness from Yourself and have mercy
upon me. Surely, You are The Most-Forgiving, The Most-Merciful.’

From Yourself: i.e. from Your innermost grace without deserving it and a
forgiveness which is befitting to your tremendous generosity.
 (58)

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.Y 3 3&C [‚ Y !o[ k Y j +[

Allahummagh-fir lee ma qaddamtu, wama akhkhart, wama asrartu wama

aAAlant, wama asraftt, wama anta aAAlamu bihi minnee, antal-muqaddimu
wa-antal-mu-akhkhiru la ilaha illa ant.

‘O Allah, forgive me for those sins which have come to pass as well as those
which shall come to pass, and those I have committed in secret as well as
those I have made public, and where I have exceeded all bounds as well as
those things about which You are more knowledgeable. You are Al-
Muqaddim and Al-Mu-akhkhir. None has the right to be worshipped except
You.’

Meaning of Al-Muqaddim and Al-Mu-akhkhir: Allah puts forward and

favours whom He wills from amongst His creation just as He defers and
holds back whom He wills in accordance to His wisdom. E.g. Favouring
man over the rest of creation, favouring the Prophets over the rest of
mankind, favouring Muhammad ? over all the Prophets and
Messengers…etc.
1. When waking up

(1)

Alhamdu lillahil-lathee ahyana baAAda ma amatana wa-ilayhin-nushoor.

‘All praise is for Allah who gave us life after having taken it from us and
unto Him is the resurrection.’

(2)

The Prophet ? said : ‘Whoever awakes at night and then says:

!" # $ % !&' ( *) +, -. / 0 1 ! 2 ! 2'& , 3 4 3 3

56 + 3 7 ( 3 8 3 !&$. " " 3 3 !" .

La ilaha illal-lahu wahdahu la shareeka lah, lahul-mulku walahul-hamd,

wahuwa AAala kulli shay-in qadeer, subhanal-lah, walhamdu lillah, wala
ilaha illal-lah wallahu akbar, wala hawla wala quwwata illa billahil-
AAaliyyil AAatheem.

‘None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, alone without associate,
to Him belongs sovereignty and praise and He is over all things wholly
capable. How perfect Allah is, and all praise is for Allah, and none has the
right to be worshipped except Allah, Allah is the greatest and there is no
power nor might except with Allah, The Most High, The Supreme.

…and then supplicates:

+ &9: + .

Rabbigh-fir lee

‘O my Lord forgive me.’

…will be forgiven’
Al-Waleed said, “or he ? said:

‘and then asks, he will be answered.If he then performs ablution and prays,
his prayer will be accepted’.”

(3)

4&. + #; + +0< => +? + ? 0 " .

Alhamdu lillahil-lathee AAafanee fee jasadee waradda AAalayya roohee

wa-athina lee bithikrih.

‘All praise is for Allah who restored to me my health and returned my soul
and has allowed me to remember Him.’

(4)

H$E + EF
) 'I J - @A BC D E F = G C +? #

( PNNOLMN # & 0 8K)

?Inna fee khalqi alssamawati waal-ardi wa-ikhtilafi allayli wa-alnnahari la-

ayatin li-olee al-albab…?

(From Verse 3:190 till the end of the chapter Ali AAimran)

2. Supplication when wearing a garment

(5)

7 (3 + 8
) & :T (U SH R Q 1 + =. " .

Alhamdu lillahil-lathee kasanee hatha (aththawb) warazaqaneehi min ghayri

hawlin minnee wala quwwah.

‘All Praise is for Allah who has clothed me with this garment and provided
it for me, with no power nor might from myself.’

3. Supplication said when wearing a new garment

(6)

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VW .

Allahumma lakal-hamdu anta kasawtaneeh, as-aluka min khayrihi wakhayri

ma suniAAa lah, wa-aAAoothu bika min sharrihi washarri ma suniAAa lah.

‘O Allah, for You is all praise, You have clothed me with it (i.e. the
garment), I ask You for the good of it and the good for which it was made,
and I seek refuge with You from the evil of it and the evil for which it was
made.’

4. Supplication said to someone wearing a new garment

(7)

/ " \]' + $ .

Tublee wayukhliful-lahu taAAala.

‘May you wear it out and Allah / replace it (with another).’ The intended
meaning: A supplication for long life. “

(8)

^ J, Y ^ _0 ^ ' >`$

Ilbas jadeedan waAAish hameedan wamut shaheedan.

‘Wear anew, live commendably and die a shaheed.’

shaheed:One who dies fighting the kuffar in order to make the word of Allah
superior or in defense of Islam. It also has other meanings found in the
Sunnah such as: the one who dies defending his life, wealth or family; the
woman who passes away due to childbirth; one who drowns…etc.

5. Before undressing

(9)
" 5= .

Bismil-lah

‘In the name of Allah.’

6. Before entering the toilet

(10)

)ab $] a$ ] T 2 ; 0 + [ 5Z J S " 5= .

(Bismil-lah) allahumma innee aAAoothu bika minal-khubthi wal-khaba-ith

‘(In the name of Allah). O Allah, I take refuge with you from all evil and
evil-doers.’

7. After leaving the toilet

(11)

2 & 9: .

Ghufranak

‘I ask You (Allah) for forgiveness.’

8. When starting ablution

(12)

" 5= .

Bismil-lah

‘In the name of Allah.’

9. Upon completing the ablution

(13)

% 4 $0 ^ #
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Ashhadu an la ilaha illal-lahu wahdahu la shareeka lah, wa-ashhadu anna
Muhammadan AAabduhu warasooluh.

‘I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, alone
without partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and
Messenger.’

(14 )

T'& JcB T + > T BZ T + > 5Z J .

Allahummaj-AAalnee minat-tawwabeena wajAAalnee minal-

mutatahhireen.

‘O Allah, make me of those who return to You often in repentance and make
me of those who remain clean and pure.’

(15 )

2 H d&9eB% Y 3 3# J, d 5Z J 2 $% .

Subhanakal-lahumma wabihamdika ashhadu an la ilaha illa anta

astaghfiruka wa-atoobu ilayk.

‘How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You, I bear witness that none
has the right to be worshipped except You, I seek Your forgiveness and turn
in repentance to You.’

10. When leaving the home

(16)

" 3 7Z ( 3 8 3 " / 0 Y .Z ! " 5= .

Bismil-lah, tawakkaltu AAalal-lah, wala hawla wala quwwata illa billah.

‘In the name of Allah, I place my trust in Allah, and there is no might nor
power except with Allah.’
(17)

-Jg ' -J> !5 h 5 h ! 8U 8

ZU !-f -
Z f # 2 ; 0 + [ 5Z J
+ 0.

Allahumma innee aAAoothu bika an adilla aw odal, aw azilla aw ozall, aw

athlima aw othlam, aw ajhala aw yujhala AAalay.

‘O Allah, I take refuge with You lest I should stray or be led astray, or slip
or be tripped, or oppress or be oppressed, or behave foolishly or be treated
foolishly.’

slip: i.e. to commit a sin unintentionally

11. Upon entering the home

(18)

. [ / 0 ! >& C " 5 = ! g " 5 = .

Bismil-lahi walajna, wabismil-lahi kharajna, waAAala rabbina tawakkalna.

‘In the name of Allah we enter and in the name of Allah we leave, and upon
our Lord we place our trust.’

12. Supplication when going to the mosque

(19)

! &i +? - > ! + % +? - > ! + = +? ! + $ ( +? - > Z5 J

5Z J j +B T ! +( ?T - > ! + T ! +9 C T - >
+ c0 .

Allahumma ijAAal fee qalbee noora, wafee lisanee noora, wajAAal fee
samAAee noora,wajAAal fee basaree noora, wajAAal min khalfee noora,
wamin amamee noora ,wajAAal min fawqee noora, wamin tahtee noora,
allahumma aAAtinee noora.

‘O Allah, place within my heart light, and upon my tongue light, and within
my ears light, and within my eyes light, and place behind me light and in
front of me light and above me light and beneath me light. O Allah, bestow
upon me light.’

13. Upon entering the mosque

(20)

n7AZi !" 5 = m!5 >Z& # c T 5' k c % 5 '&l J> 5 6 " ; 0

2B H + p B? 5Z J !n" 8 % / 0 oAZ= m .

aAAoothu billahil-AAatheem wabiwajhihil-kareem wasultanihil-qadeem

minash-shaytanir-rajeem, [bismil-lah, wassalatu] [wassalamu AAala
rasoolil-lah] , allahumma iftah lee abwaba rahmatik.

‘I take refuge with Allah, The Supreme and with His Noble Face, and His
eternal authority from the accursed devil. In the name of Allah, and prayers
and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, open the gates of Your
mercy for me.’

14. Upon leaving the mosque

(21)

T + i0 5Z J !2 q? T 2 X% + 5Z J !" 8 % / 0 oA= 7Ai " 5=

5 >Z& # c Z .

Bismil-lah wassalatu wassalamu AAala rasoolil-lah, allahumma innee as-

aluka min fadlik, allahumma iAAsimnee minash-shaytanir-rajeem.

‘In the name of Allah, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of
Allah. O Allah, I ask You from Your favour. O Allah, guard me from the
accursed devil.’

15. Supplications related to the athan (the call to prayer)

(22)

‘One repeats just as the mu-aththin (one who calls to prayer) says, except
when he says:

rA 9 / 0 +
Z S Q 7AZi / 0 +
Z .

Hayya AAalas-salah (or) hayya AAalal-falah

‘come to prayer, come to success’

instead, one should say:

" 3 7Z ( 3 8 3.

La hawla wala quwwata illa billah.

‘There is no might nor power except with Allah.’

(23)

Immediately following the declaration of faith called by the mu-aththin, one

says:

! ^Z " Y f ! % 4 $0 ^ #
Z ! 2'& , 3 4 " 3 3# J,
^ '< oA%s 3
^ % )Z .

Wa-ana ashhadu an la ilaha illal-lahu wahdahu la shareeka lah, wa-anna

Muhammadan AAabduhu warasooluh, radeetu billahi rabban
wabimuhammadin rasoolan wabil-islami deena.

‘And I too bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except
Allah, alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is His salve and
Messenger. I am pleased with Allah as a Lord, and Muhammad as a
Messenger and Islam as a religion.’

(24)

‘One should then send prayers on the Prophet ? after answering the call of
the mu-aththin’

(25)

^ k R t q9 t % ^Z FK t b k 7Ai tZ B 7 0 4 1H
Z 5Z J
< \] 32Z 0 Z ^< .

Allahumma rabba hathihid-daAAwatit-tammah, wassalatil-qa-imah ati

Muhammadan alwaseelata wal-fadeelah, wabAAath-hu maqaman
mahmoodan allathee waAAadtah, innaka la tukhliful-meeAAad.

‘O Allah, Owner of this perfect call and Owner of this prayer to be

performed, bestow upon Muhammad al-waseelah and al-fadeelah and send
him upon a praised platform which You have promised him. Verily, You
never fail in Your promise.’

al-waseelah: A station in paradise.

al-fadeelah: A rank above the rest of creation.

(26)

One should also supplicate for himself during the time between the athan
and the iqamah as supplication at such time is not rejected.

16. Supplication at the start of the prayer (after takbeer)

(27)

. ' cC T + k[ 5Z J ! H&e u& T F 0 . ' cC T + 0 5Z J

<&$ * w RZ ' cC T + =: 5Z J ! ` Z T v E H RZ /Zk ' .

Allahumma baAAid baynee wabayna khatayaya kama baAAadta baynal-

mashriqi walmaghrib, allahumma naqqinee min khatayaya kama yunaqqath-
thawbul-abyadu minad-danas, allahummagh-silnee min khatayaya biththalji
walma/i walbarad.

‘O Allah, distance me from my sins just as You have distanced The East
from The West, O Allah, purify me of my sins as a white robe is purified of
filth, O Allah, cleanse me of my sins with snow, water, and ice.’

(28)

d& : 3 d >/ 2 % d $ d 5Z J 2 $% .

Subhanakal-lahumma wabihamdika watabarakas-muka wataAAala jadduka

wala ilaha ghayruk.

‘How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. Blessed be Your name,
and lofty is Your position and none has the right to be worshipped except
You.’

(29)

! +l= ! + AW # Z ! T .& T ^9 D E F = Z &c? Z + J> Y JZ>

Y 5Z J j T = T F& 2 2 '&, 3 ! T H
[ "+ !
+ ; + &9: ? + $ Y?&B 0 + =9 Y h ! d $0 +[ Y !Y 3 32
! Y 3 J = E J' 3 uACE T= E + 1 j Y 3 H &9 e' 3 Z ^ >
!2' . & ] ! 2' % 2 $Z ! Y 3 Jx[ % + 0 @&i' 3 ! Jx[ % + 0 @& W
2 H d&9 eB% Y Y. $ ! 2 2 ! 2 ` &Z .
Wajjahtu wajhiya lillathee fataras-samawati wal-arda haneefan wama ana
minal-mushrikeen, inna salatee wanusukee wamahyaya wamamatee lillahi
rabbil-AAalameen, la shareeka lahu wabithalika omirtu wa-ana minal-
muslimeen. Allahumma antal-maliku la ilaha illa ant. anta rabbee wa-ana
AAabduk, thalamtu nafsee waAAtaraftu bithanbee faghfir lee thunoobee
jameeAAan innahu la yaghfiruth-thunooba illa ant.wahdinee li-ahsanil-
akhlaqi la yahdee li-ahsaniha illa ant, wasrif AAannee sayyi-aha la yasrifu
AAannee sayyi-aha illa ant, labbayka wasaAAdayk,walkhayru kulluhu
biyadayk, washsharru laysa ilayk, ana bika wa-ilayk, tabarakta
wataAAalayt, astaghfiruka wa-atoobu ilayk.

‘I have turned my face sincerely towards He who has brought forth the
heavens and the Earth and I am not of those who associate (others with
Allah). Indeed my prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death are for Allah,
Lord of the worlds, no partner has He, with this I am commanded and I am
of the Muslims. O Allah, You are the Sovereign, none has the right to be
worshipped except You. You are my Lord and I am Your servant, I have
wronged my own soul and have acknowledged my sin, so forgive me all my
sins for no one forgives sins except You. Guide me to the best of characters
for none can guide to it other than You, and deliver me from the worst of
characters for none can deliver me from it other than You. Here I am, in
answer to Your call, happy to serve you. All good is within Your hands and
evil does not stem from You. I exist by your will and will return to you.
Blessed and High are You, I seek Your forgiveness and repent unto You.’

Allah does not create pure evil which does not have any good or contain any
benefit, wisdom or mercy at all, nor does He punish anyone without having
commited a sin. Something can be good in terms of its creation when
viewed in a particular perspective and at the same time be evil when viewed
in another way. Allah created the devil and by him, He tests His servants, so
there are those who hate the devil, fight him and his way and they stand at
enmity towards him and his followers and there are others who are at
allegiance with the devil and follow his steps. So evil exists in His creatures
by His will and wisdom, not in His actions or act of creating.

(30)

7< JZ y e 5 0 ! D E F = Z & z ? !- ? & % ! - b l ! - b &$ > H

Z 5Z J
2 Z ! 2 ;{ G
[ T ? \ BC + 1 j# 9 B]' ? . ? d< $0 T 5l Y
5 kB= |) &W / * T J .

Allahumma rabba jibra-eel, wameeka-eel, wa-israfeel fatiras-samawati

walard, AAalimal-ghaybi washshahadah, anta tahkumu bayna AAibadika
feema kanoo feehi yakhtalifoon. ihdinee limakh-tulifa feehi minal-haqqi bi-
ithnik, innaka tahdee man tasha-o ila siratin mustaqeem.

‘O Allah, Lord of Jibra-eel, Meeka-eel and Israfeel (great angles), Creator of

the heavens and the Earth, Knower of the seen and the unseen. You are the
arbitrator between Your servants in that which they have disputed. Guide
me to the truth by Your leave, in that which they have differed, for verily
You guide whom You will to a straight path.’

(31)

! & R. " ! & R. " ! & $. & $. " ! & $. & $. " ! & $. & $. "
^}A} Q j A W 7^ & l " # $% ! & R. " )

4~ 1 R9 ]9 T # c Z T " ; 0 .

Allahu akbaru kabeera, Allahu akbaru kabeera, Allahu akbaru kabeera,

walhamdu lillahi katheera, walhamdu lillahi katheera, walhamdu lillahi
katheera, wasubhanal-lahi bukratan wa-aseela. (three times)

aAAoothu billahi minash-shaytani min nafkhihi wanafthihi wahamzih.

‘Allah is Most Great, Allah is Most Great, Allah is Most Great, much praise
is for Allah, much praise is for Allah, much praise is for Allah, and I declare
the perfection of Allah in the early morning and in the late afternoon.’(three
times)

‘I take refuge with Allah from the devil, from his pride, his poetry and his
madness.’

(32)

The prophet ? would say (as an opening supplication in prayer) when rising
from sleep to perform prayers during the night:

D E F = Z 5[ ( Y 2 ! TJ ? T D E F = Z Y 2 5Z J
F = Z 2 2 2 m nTJ ? T D E F = Z H Y 2 m ! TJ ? T
G Y mn 2 mnD E F = Z 2 Y 2 m nTJ ? T D E
! G # $Z ! G ! G tZ g ! G d• k ! G 2 ( ! G d 0
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nY 0 !F &% ! F& C
Z ! Y Z( + & 9: ? j Y . 2 !Y WC2
Y 3 3 +J Y m nY 3 3 ! &[C‚ Y o[ k Y m .

Allahumma lakal-hamd anta noorus-samawati wal-ardi waman feehin,

walakal-hamd, anta qayyimus-samawati walardi waman feehin, [walakal-
hamd, anta rabbus-samawati walardi waman feehin], [walakal-hamd, laka
mulkus-samawati walardi waman feehin] [walakal-hamd, anta malikus-
samawati walard] [walakal-hamd] [antal-haq, wawaAAdukal-haq,
waqawlukal-haq, waliqa-okal-haq, waljannatu haq wannaru haq,
wannabiyyoona haq, wa Muhammadun ? haq, wassaAAatu haq]
[allahumma laka aslamt, waAAalayka tawakkalt, wabika amant, wa-ilayka
anabt, wabika khasamt, wa-ilayka hakamt, faghfir lee ma qaddamt, wama
akhkhart, wama asrart, wama aAAlant] [antal-muqaddim, wa-antal-mu-
akhkhir, la ilaha illa ant] [anta ilahee la ilaha illa ant .

‘O Allah, to You belongs all praise, You are the Light of the heavens and
the Earth and all that is within them. To You belongs all praise, You are the
Sustainer of the heavens and the Earth and all that is within them. To You
belongs all praise. You are Lord of the heavens and the Earth and all that is
within them. To You belongs all praise and the kingdom of the heavens and
the Earth and all that is within them. To You belongs all praise, You are the
King of the heavens and the Earth and to You belongs all praise. You are
The Truth, Your promise is true, your Word is true, and the Day in which
we will encounter You is true, the Garden of Paradise is true and the Fire is
true, and the Prophets are true, Muhammad ? is true and the Final Hour is
true. O Allah, unto You I have submitted, and upon You I have relied, and
in You I have believed, and to You I have turned in repentance, and over
You I have disputed, and to You I have turned for judgment. So forgive me
for what has come to pass of my sins and what will come to pass, and what I
have hidden and what I have made public. You are Al-Muqaddim and Al-
Mu-akhkhir. None has the right to be worshipped except You, You are my
Deity, none has the right to be worshipped except You.’

Meaning of Al-Muqaddim and Al-Mu-akhkhir: Allah puts forward and

favours whom He wills from amongst His creation just as He defers and
holds back whom He wills in accordance to His wisdom. E.g. Favouring
man over the rest of creation, favouring the Prophets over the rest of
mankind, favouring Muhammad ? over all the Prophets and
Messengers…etc.

praised platform: One in which all of creation will praise him on, in order to
bring about the account quickly and be relieved from the lengthy standing or
the role of intercession.

(33)

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Subhana rabbiyal-AAatheem (three times)

‘How perfect my Lord is, The Supreme.’(three times)

(34)

+ & 9: 5Z J ! d Z 5Z J 2 $% .

Subhanakal-lahumma rabbana wabihamdik, allahummagh-fir lee

‘How perfect You are O Allah, our Lord and I praise You. O Allah, forgive
me.’
(35)

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Subboohun quddoos, rabbul-mala-ikati warrooh.

‘Perfect and Holy (He is), Lord of the angles and the Rooh (i.e. Jibra-eel).’

(36)

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+ ( - Z kB% ! +$ i0 .

Allahumma laka rakaAAt, wabika amant, walaka aslamt, khashaAAa laka

samAAee, wabasaree, wamukhkhee, waAAathmee, waAAasabee, wamas-
taqalla bihi qadamee.

‘O Allah, unto You I have bowed, and in You I have believed, and to You I
have submitted. My hearing, sight, mind, bones, tendons and what my feet
carry are humbled before You.’

(37)

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Subhana thil-jabaroot, walmalakoot, walkibriya/, walAAathamah.

‘How perfect He is, The Possessor of total power, sovereignty, magnificence

and grandeur.’

18. Upon rising from the bowing posision

(38)

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SamiAAal-lahu liman hamidah

‘May Allah answer he who praises Him.’

This supplication is to be made while rising.

(39)

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Rabbana walakal-hamdu hamdan katheeran tayyiban mubarakan feeh.

‘Our Lord, for You is all praise, an abundant beautiful blessed praise.’

(40)

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V9'3 !Y + c 3 ! Y c0 V 3 5Z J j $ 0 2 . ! $ 8 ( G
g 2 [ g ;.

Mil-as-samawati wamil-al-ard, wama baynahuma, wamil/a ma shi/ta min

shay-in baAAd, ahlath-thana-i walmajd, ahaqqu ma qalal-AAabd,
wakulluna laka AAabd. Allahumma la maniAAa lima aAAtayt, wala
muAAtiya lima manaAAt, wala yanfaAAu thal-jaddi minkal-jad.

‘The heavens and the Earth and all between them abound with Your praises,
and all that You will abounds with Your praises. O Possessor of praise and
majesty, the truest thing a slave has said (of You) and we are all Your
slaves. O Allah, none can prevent what You have willed to bestow and none
can bestow what You have willed to prevent, and no wealth or majesty can
benefit anyone, as from You is all wealth and majesty.’

This supplication is made optionally only in conjunction with the previous

one.

19. Supplication whilst prostrating (sujood)

(41)

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Subhana rabbiyal-aAAla. (three times)

‘How perfect my Lord is, The Most High.’(three times)

(42)

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Subhanakal-lahumma rabbana wabihamdik, allahummagh- fir lee.

‘How perfect You are O Allah, our Lord, and I praise You. O Allah, forgive
me.’
(43)

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Subbohoon quddos, rabbul-mala-ikati warrooh.

‘Perfect and Holy (He is), Lord of the angles and the Rooh (i.e. Jibra-eel).’

(44)

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T k ] T = " d $ ! 4& i .

Allahumma laka sajadt, wabika amant, walaka aslamt, sajada wajhee

lillathee khalaqahu wasawwarahu washaqqa samAAahu wabasarahu,
tabarakal-lahu ahsanul-khaliqeen.

‘O Allah, unto You I have prostrated and in You I have believed, and unto
You I have submitted. My face has prostrated before He Who created it and
fashioned it, and brought forth its faculties of hearing and seeing. Blessed is
Allah, the Best of creators.’

(45)

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Subhana thil-jabaroot, walmalakoot, walkibriya/, walAAathamah.

‘How perfect He is, The Possessor of total power, sovereignty, magnificence

and grandeur.’

(46)

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Allahummagh-fir lee thanbee kullah, diqqahu wajillah, wa-awwalahu wa-

akhirah, wa- AAalaniyyatahu wa-sirrah.

‘O Allah, forgive me all of my sins, the small and great of them, the first and
last of them, and the seen and hidden of them.’
(47)

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2 =9 / 0 Y } . Y ! 2 0 *^ } .

Allahumma innee aAAoothu biridaka min sakhatik, wa-bimuAAafatika min

AAuqoobatik, wa-aAAoothu bika mink, la ohsee thana-an AAalayk, anta
kama athnayta AAala nafsik.

‘O Allah, I take refuge within Your pleasure from Your displeasure and
within Your pardon from Your punishment, and I take refuge in You from
You. I cannot enumerate Your praise, You are as You have praised
Yourself.’

20. Supplication between the two prostrations

(48)

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Rabbigh-fir lee, rabbigh-fir lee.

‘My Lord forgive me, My Lord forgive me.’

(49)

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Allahummagh-fir lee, warhamnee, wahdinee, wajburnee, waAAafinee,

warzuqnee warfaAAnee.

‘O Allah, forgive me, have mercy upon me, guide me, enrich me, give me
health, grant me sustenance and raise my rank.’

21. Supplication when prostrating due to recitation of the Quran

(50)

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Sajada wajhee lillathee khalaqahu washaqqa samAAahu wabasarahu

bihawlihi waquwwatih { tabaraka Allahu ahsanu alkhaliqeen}.

‘My face fell prostrate before He who created it and brought forth its
faculties of hearing and seeing by His might and power.<< So Blessed is
Allah, the best of creators. >>’

(51)

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< < d $0 T J B $Z k . + [ .

Allahummak-tub lee biha AAindaka ajra, wadaAA AAannee biha wizra,

wajAAalha lee AAindaka thukhra, wataqabbalha minnee kama taqabbaltaha
min AAabdika Dawood.

‘O Allah, record for me a reward for this (prostration), and remove from me
a sin. Save it for me and accept it from me just as You had accepted it from
Your servant Dawood.’

22. The Tashahhud

Tashahhud: what one says in the sitting position in prayer

(52)

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Attahiyyatu lillahi wassalawatu wattayyibat, assalamu AAalayka ayyuhan-

nabiyyu warahmatul-lahi wabarakatuh, assalamu AAalayna waAAala
AAibadil-lahis-saliheen. Ash-hadu an la ilaha illal-lah, wa-ashhadu anna
Muhammadan AAabduhu warasooluh.

‘At-tahiyyat is for Allah. All acts of worship and good deeds are for Him.
Peace and the mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you O Prophet. Peace
be upon us and all of Allah’s righteous servants. I bear witness that none has
the right to be worshipped except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad
is His slave and Messenger.’

At-tahiyyat: all words which indicate the glorification of Allah. His eternal
existence, His perfection and His sovereignty.

23. Prayers upon the Prophet ? after the tashahhud

(53)

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g € 2Z .

Allahumma salli AAala Muhammad, wa-AAala ali Muhammad, kama

sallayta AAala Ibraheema wa-AAala ali Ibraheem, innaka Hameedun
Majeed, allahumma barik AAala Muhammad, wa-AAala ali Muhammad,
kama barakta AAala Ibraheema wa-AAala ali Ibraheem, innaka Hameedun
Majeed.

‘O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad,

just as You sent prayers upon Ibraheem and upon the followers of Ibraheem.
Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. O Allah, send blessings upon
Mohammad and upon the family of Muhammad, just as You sent blessings
upon Ibraheem and upon the family of Ibraheem. Verily, You are full of
praise and majesty.’

send prayers: praise and exalt him in the highest and superior of gatherings:
that of the closest angels to Allah.

(al) has been translated in it’s broadest sense: some scholars are of the view
that the meaning here is more specific and that it means: his ? followers
from among his family.

(54)

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[ W 5Z J
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Allahumma salli AAala Muhammad wa-AAala azwajihi wathurriyyatihi

kama sallayta AAala ali Ibraheem, wabarik AAala Muhammad, wa-AAala
azwajihi wathurriyyatih, kama barakta AAala ali Ibraheem. innaka
Hameedun Majeed.

‘O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and upon the wives and
descendants of Muhammad, just as You sent prayers upon the family of
Ibraheem, and send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the wives and
descendants of Muhammad, just as You sent blessings upon the family of
Ibraheem. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty.’

24. Supplication said after the last tashahhud and before salam

(55)

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8 >Z p = t B? .

Allahumma innee aAAoothu bika min AAathabil-qabr, wamin AAathabi

jahannam, wamin fitnatil-mahya walmamat, wamin shari fitnatil-maseehid-
dajjal.

‘O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, from the
torment of the Fire, from the trials and tribulations of life and death and
from the evil affliction of Al-Maseeh Ad-Dajjal.’

Al-Maseeh Ad-Dajjal: among the great signs of the last hour and the
greatest trials to befall mankind, which every Prophet has warned about.
Most of mankind will follow him. He will appear from Asbahan, Iran at the
time when the Muslims will conquer Constantinople. He will be given
special powers and will make the truth seem false and vice versa. He will
claim to be righteous and then he will claim prophethood and finally,
divinity. From his features is that he will be blind in his right eye which is a
definite proof that contradicts his claim to be Allah as it is a sign of
imperfection. The word Kafir will be written between his eyes which every
believer, literate or illiterate will recognise.

(56)

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o& e 5 }X T 2 ; 0 + [ Z5 J j F .

Allahumma innee aAAoothu bika min AAathabil-qabr, wa-aAAoothu bika

min fitnatil-maseehid-dajjal, wa-aAAoothu bika min fitnatil-mahya
walmamat. Allahumma innee aAAoothu bika minal-ma/thami walmaghram.

‘O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, and I take
refuge in You from the temptation and trial of Al-Maseeh Ad-Dajjal, and I
take refuge in You from the trials and tribulations of life and death. O Allah,
I take refuge in You from sin and debt.’

(57)

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5 &Z 9 e Y 2Z !+ .

Allahumma innee thalamtu nafsee thulman katheeran wala yaghfiruth-

thunooba illa ant, faghfir lee maghfiratan min AAindik warhamnee, innaka
antal-Ghafoorur-Raheem.

‘O Allah, I have indeed oppressed my soul excessively and none can forgive
sin except You, so forgive me a forgiveness from Yourself and have mercy
upon me. Surely, You are The Most-Forgiving, The Most-Merciful.’

From Yourself: i.e. from Your innermost grace without deserving it and a
forgiveness which is befitting to your tremendous generosity.
(58)

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Allahummagh-fir lee ma qaddamtu, wama akhkhart, wama asrartu wama

aAAlant, wama asraftt, wama anta aAAlamu bihi minnee, antal-muqaddimu
wa-antal-mu-akhkhiru la ilaha illa ant.

‘O Allah, forgive me for those sins which have come to pass as well as those
which shall come to pass, and those I have committed in secret as well as
those I have made public, and where I have exceeded all bounds as well as
those things about which You are more knowledgeable. You are Al-
Muqaddim and Al-Mu-akhkhir. None has the right to be worshipped except
You.’

Meaning of Al-Muqaddim and Al-Mu-akhkhir: Allah puts forward and

favours whom He wills from amongst His creation just as He defers and
holds back whom He wills in accordance to His wisdom. E.g. Favouring
man over the rest of creation, favouring the Prophets over the rest of
mankind, favouring Muhammad ? over all the Prophets and
Messengers…etc.
 Be strong enough to face the world each day.

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Be weak enough to know you cannot do everything.

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Be generous to those who need your help.

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Be wise enough to know that you do not know everything.

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Be faithful enough to believe in miracles.

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Be willing to share your joys.

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Be a leader when you see a path others have missed.

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Be a follower when you are shrouded in the midst of uncertainty.

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Be the first to congratulate an opponent who succeeds.

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Be the last to criticize a colleague who fails.

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Be sure where your next step will fall, so that you will not stumble.

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Be sure of your final destination, in case you are going the wrong way.

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Be loving to those who love you.

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Be loving to those who do not love you, because they may change.

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Early to bed and early to rise makes a man

healthy, wealthy, and wise

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Time will soon teach you what you were ignorant of
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Actions speak louder than words

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Add fuel to the fire

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A chip of the old block

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Conciliation is the matter of the law

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Cut your coat according to your cloth

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Easy come, easy go

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A flash in the pan

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A bird is known by its note and a man by his talk

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Man propose and god disposes.

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Proverbs are the adornment of speech

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A deceitful peace is more harmful than open war.

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A disease known is half cured.

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A drowing man will catch at astraw.

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A friend in need is friend indeed.

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A full purse never lacks friends.

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A hungry man is an angry man.

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A living dog is better that a dead lion.

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A scabby sheep infects a whole flock

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A tree is known by its fruit

A fox is not taken twice in the same snare.

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 ------------------------------------
Believe not all that you see nor half what you hear.
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7-" H Q $ 98 :
7 ) C " 67v v( j9tttttt f ' 9; J `
w1 9 ; " Q tttt VY 9 ; " Q9
-----------------------------
Hope springs eternal.
+ D 3 E167
I b *+72 1 B 0+ :$ ^ % ` >R I :
"Hope springs eternal in the human breast."
" B *+: 9 + D 3 E 1 6 7 "
7-" H Q $ b +71 8 b $ :
V' 9 ; " ^ tttt 0 c 7 V' +$
-------------------------
Familiarity breeds contempt.
f #L-Dj 4-
" HI4( " p b +71 8 "
-------------------------

DON'T cry over anyone who won't cry over you

, % E1,(
 Good FRIENDS are hard to find, harder to leave, and impossible to
forget

27 3-2 S ( H : S IC hH : ) 3 W $+YM

You can only go as far as you push

G (R( I *+$ E 1

ACTIONS speak louder than words

$M % x 9M ***************

The HARDEST thing to do is watch the one you love, love somebody
else
>y:L' H 9 6 S H3( % F ( ) o#7 E 1 H Y

DON'T let the past hold you back, you're missing the good stuff

0 3 9 " * M %1 , DS, /"j (

LIFE'S SHORT. If you don't look around once in a while you might
miss it

Y # 1 ^1 / V-2( )h S 0 :$ 0 3

Some people make the world SPECIAL just by being in it

9 I+! - z 9 S 0+ D ,( ) D7 {

When it HURTS to look back, and you're SCARED to look ahead, you
can look beside you and your BEST FRIEND will be there

"3 , +Y S , w S -2" #X+3 D " f L( S / " w7 ," = +71

,"1+ 7I ) D

TRUE FRIENDSHIP "NEVER" ENDS, Friends are FOREVER

,4 ) C W $+YM S -7( 3 $ +:

Good friends are like STARS You don't always see them, but you know
they are ALWAYS
THERE

W "2 9 0C ! ( ,7 | C I ( S 7 3 W $+YM

DON'T frown. You never know who is falling in love with your smile

,- 2- 96 D% ( ^ S -(
?What do you do when the only person who can make you stop crying is
the person who made you cry

u (, !% I S ,1 C K2"F 1 *C + }LB ) "7 #-D `

Everything is okay in the end. If it's not okay, then it's not the end

7 ^2 , -9 S , 4 % -" )h S 7 9 E1* M
Most people walk in and out of your life, but only FRIENDS leave
footprints in your heart

9 +$ 6/ % I) 3 ,G $+YR7 S ,( % ) ! L ) >+ c 7 w
, $
 The Past simple

What do we mean by The past Simple Tense?

!"# $% &' ()" *

. ! + * ()" * .

* 9 3 456 7 8 2222 ,# - (. / 0 %1 #
3 :;< ()" * = > 7 8 ?* ' !
(456 E,F G& H D @A B C$ .

How to form the Past simple Tense?

IJK L1

. "8 A M ' :

, S 4 T ?&HU 4 H V%' DR C , > Q 4 P" 4> K O N

(ed)
W "UN 4S#,- V%' ? ( * X " H 9 + @K + 4# ) ( *
( U ' 4 P" / Y W ) " H 4# .Z [ 4>. / Y 1W :
Regular Verbs
? ) 4 \ ] M ' ' 4 P" / Y ' ^ \ "# ]
 /& (. _P" , 8 $ X *99 _H 4# H! ? H ),
E P! 4 P" , > / Y 4 \ ] `, a 6 _P" X * `, ....
.] 0 ' 99 . 4> A / %<b & c ?d H :
Subject+ V-ed+ Complement
, X F + _e + * Ed N X /& + ) ? 1 B &5 4. Z 4 S _e .

4.0 :

It rained yesterday.

3 Y E,- S .

&' 5 5Y + * Rain ( * + & f6 F ?1

, + ed ( * /&!" + (*.

Naser arrived last night.

4 4. . ,A A
.,A /&A &' 4 4. . ()" * W] ' ! *
`, & ed + ?* `, (" + 4# ) ( *.

! " #$ %

ed * +, & '() *.

-./ " 0 1 23 45 '() '16 780 7912 $: .

#$ % ; (*< 0 = > ? /@ 1 #$ 6 ; (*< '5 + 7 +4> 5"

& 2 " Irregular Verbs

7A @35$8 " 0 B '16 &4C D0 E"BF GF : * 235$ F>"

. ;"FH C #B C @ 7A @35$8 ; (*< I= / 0"

 (M > N &: D O@ ;"FK " LJ K GF "3(

;"FK O@ S ;" * R #$ % ; (*< P9I2 QO@ M >< "

, T UB V * '()

T L QF 3 O@"X V * 1 '() W) /*

& 2 * 7A / 2 @" , , .

F+U:

When to use The Past Simple?

G g" ("

c ! 7] , " 4 hN
. 0 7]& # !U (. / U 4 E .1 G g" Rc :

Yesterday 3

last night 4 4. .

year ago 4 5 %

last week f& 5Y

last month ,)

Examples:

It rained yesterday.

3 Y E,- S .
 Naser arrived last night.

4 4. . ,A A

They came here ayear ago .

c! IX 3 , " 4 F# h e .
.H ?& F G&)+ 7]& ?&H# .

Examples:

He went to town .

R . i* ' S.

X ' 7]& ' c ! 7] ' j&#N * .

He spoke to the captin about it.

X _.HU $% 7]& c ! 7] j&#NQ 9X \ S _.1 S )

c! IX 3 , " 4 F# h e
. .H ?& F G&)+ 7]& ?&H# .
Examples:

He went to town .

R . i* ' S.

X ' 7]& ' c ! 7] ' j&#N * .

 He spoke to the captin about it.

X _.HU $% 7]& c ! 7] j&#NQ 9X \ S _.1 S )

The negative

4" 0 R Z V%' ;0

I walked to school yesterday

G g" 4 + 4. j ( * ) &!

did not '6 K"<*

Didn’t

3 .AY + WF _e

4. Z @ KU *:

I Didn’t to school yesterday.

) 6 . ,\ F W j W UbU V%' + 4> A .

/k JK L1
How to form Q.?

+ /k F# G g" did + 7 0 ? 1 B &5 .Didn’t

4.0 :
 Did you go out last night?
4 6 4. 7 ' '

g"5* * ?* P N & did X"> A ?&H# 5 5Y + /& (.

E *$ ? c 6K $ X .AY ..

When did Yaser die?

,5 # ( &U ("

4P ; / + ?* ( N be # is-am-are

was -were

i,< 4P ; / + l; [ (. G g" N ! did W / k + 4 B &5

.+
was -were
 The Past Perfect Progressive tense

What do we mean by the Past Perfect Progressive?

! "# $% &'
/! (0 "# -. () *' + $ ,)
1 2 3 "# 43 5 67 819 : 2 () ;
$ < = (0 > #6
? @* ! AB C $ D6E
1M 7 5E( F G H I $% J K L > * .

NO P,
How to form the Past Perfect Progressive?

# QL / RS M TL U $ ,"= = * *6 *V :

Have/has+been+V-ing

=0 B ;1W R O *O=:

Had+been+V-ing

H Z7 : * H M Z% E : / & 3 & =X= R O Y"#

';% RO 4 ' U" QL / [ \+ #]

1M :

He finally came at six o’clock .

 I had been waiting for him since four -thirty.

PO W " 4= ] % ^ = Z2 W ( ;= ^ .

# > * #6 1 W $% 1 _ Y"# D6E 8V:

he came

# (0 :

had been waiting

#E, 1 6 1_ 43 ' ^ Z 4 1' "#

8* 8 V. = (0 > # 6 $ <%

A 6 ," L Z `= > * *' ..

a 6 b # $ D6E 1 _ 6 I !5 7 A B L] c #
( 4/ # ) M AB
> * 4 / - de ' # )

%
'7 - 5 7 A B ) 4R O A 67 - M AB )
[ *, 6 ; % 4* ! "# ]6< - .> * 4R O )

*************

f5M

The police had been looking for the criminal

 for two years before he cought him.

4 1W /*' $ *' Z _ W V gMB ^ .

a 6 D6E % :
5 7/ ? 4R O # V hB
M /> * 4R O # _ ;1W i*^

**********

j5 M

Her eyes were red because she had been crying.

+*= g , k 7 H 6 # Wg , ^ .

5 7 AB ( = ? ) / H +*
M A B (> ) / H 6 # W g ,.
 The Past continuous tense

? What do we mean by the Past continuous tense

!" #$ .% !
&' () * +, -. ) "$
. ) % / 0 1.2 -.
3 "4 !" 5* 6 7* 8 9 .( 7* 8 .)

:; <6
?How to form the Past continuous tense

was/were+V-ing

% = %0 > was/were A B '#)C > ?@ ing ) * + C= 2 C .

D E F ; ? ' A#+ 5 G 0 :

2 / Was+V-ing
= > "$ was D 8 "4H she-I-he-it I $ J K +L D G .

CM

I was playing. ) N &. O &6

She was playing. ) N & . O CP & 6
He was playing. ) N -. O C %6
it was raining. ) N & . Q R S
 @/ were+V-ing

@/ = > were D 8 "4H we-you-they

F; O N :
were+V-ing

CM "4 # P:

They were playing.

We were playing
You were playing

I $ J K +L G "4 T 6A S8 *# L 4 .

.1 U
When to use the Pastcontinuous tense?

* + = G C >VQ W 6 "$ 1 U X' #

% 6"P # N " Z7* 8 9 Y
S[ \ ] - L 69 % J 2 7* 8 . 5*^
S 6 = A#+ * +, C= - P2 - _ $ %L "$
. 1 U P % `C;P2 a 8 S ?C C $
* +, C= - P2 b ] SL .

- L ?] :

a <D d ^# P - L c2
 Mental state
(know-realize-understand-recognize-believe-feel-suppose

-think-imagine-doubt-remember-forget-want-need-prefer-mean)

Q2 > ` #P - L c @
Emotinal state

(love-like-appreciate-hate-dislike-fear-envy-mind -care)

]C C= - P - c M @
Possesion

(posses-have-own-belong)

9 U 5 #) - c *
Sense perception

(taste-smell-hear-feel-see)

* +, 1 = - C= - P e 4 - c 4
(seem-look-appear-cost-owe-weigh-be
-exist-consist of- contain-include)

I was eating dinner when Sami called me.

1 R - P &6 + =^ .

f G %6 S I #C - L J 2# Ob
1 R - P #$ $ ) g . M
 .f G 8 C h 3"$ U + ' (called)

While they were playing tennismit rained.

if G . $ U + g9 %#G C # 6 Q R a.

I was walking home when I met Mosa.

if G . $ U+g W &6 +# &C ' a .

f G . ^#E % . C= CM "4H # P:

This time last year I was living In Brazil.

. G T= &6 &'# "$ 9> .

At eight O’clock last night I was studying.

6 &6 *G C P M = .
 The Simple Future tense.

what do we mean by the term Future tense?

!"# $ % & ' ( ) *+ ,-

536 7 8 2 "4 ./0 1 2 $ ,3)
.9: ; 8 1 <+ = ><+ .
.

7" D 1,2 1 !A: 0 2 ?,3 @ 1 !A: BC .

.7 A * 4 /:,3 0E F 6 9, 36 BC 0 3 1 ) ..
I JHB +K- L 7/ 'M N 7O' G :A 02 BC 7 H
. " 2 SS +P Q,3 & ! R R) I'2 ..

**********

TE U2
How to form the Simple future tense ?

&0 ' P' ) OVW ) H6 7 :

A 0P 6 F'& X H 2 YZ 5[ [N A03 \ : :
 ] /

Be+going to

[/

Will+main verb

A 0P F'& 7O V 2 \0# \ : . ":

**********

] /

Be+going to

A,E Y/6 : & H6 " Be 7 7O E

16 'Z XA &^
+2 Z _ +D 1 Be 7 BC X & :
is-am-are
0` ; ( 3 / +Da/ BC +- & 2
I<<<<<<<<<<am
she-he-it>>>>>>>>>>is
They-you-we<<<<<<<<<<<are

7O E _+- W ) F Be+going to

c R) &0 ' 7O E _+- W ) b]

(' & A, $ % 7 X0KP .
 7'C /Examples

Why didi you buy this paint?

I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow

$BR +- d/0 %6

LW : 7 0L '"a3.

d 2 - 7O E eH] 6 am going to P 1 ` A JHB

= / *+ to $ % * 7 86 1 F (OV * :E 1,K/
C - _ / 0 +- ( to P F paint ! 86 ! ' * 1 _: E
.

^^^^^^^^

0Df C

Yaser is going to buy acar.

X: 3 03 / *0 # 3 .

7O E / : 2 is going to P :E - .

7O E _+- ) 36 < + X: 3 *0 #/ 1 RD Z 03 / 6 .

++++++++++++

/1 $ # h ' 7O E _+- W ) g [
 .
7'C /Examples

according to weather report ,it is going to be cloudy tomorrow.

i iiiiiL W, O i iiiii 7iiiiiiiPCK $ i iiiii @ Eiiiiiii 3 (iiiiiii j 7iiiiiii/,M X0#iiiiiii 0iiiiiii/0 i iiiii .

7iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii/,M X0#iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 7iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Eiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)% hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii +iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii- 6.

^^^^^^^^
Watch out you are going to hurt your self.

( P * h 3 ( a k)#' 5'K h - 6S< P * h3( 6

* h =8 4S ( ,- *+ =8, F'& 0 36 16)

+++++++++++++++++

[/

Will+main verb

" will `0 P X0% ( '/ & -

F (OV * ! 86 ! ' * 1 _: E .

$ % & 7 L0 &0 ' W) g] .

7'C / Examples

The phone is ringing.

I will get it.
 10/ 1,P' .
( '& A:a3 .

JHB S 1,P' F'& A0 7 L0 - 6 will_: E P - .

^^^^^^^^^

0Df C

A: I do not understand this problem.

B: Ask your teacher about it .She will help you.

7'K# _+- 5I ] b .
m & Q,3 I & < ' a36 bl .

7O E _+- ) 36 < + S X & ' X/# 7' 7 L: & 2a n l 4 6.

/1 $ # h ' ;/ 7O E _+- W ) g [.

7'C /Examples

according to weather report ,it willbe cloudy tomorrow.

L W, O 7PCK $ @ E 3 ( j 7/,M X0# 0/0 .

7/,M X0# 7 E)% h +- 6.

^^^^^^^^
Watch out you will hurt your self.

* h 3 ( a k)#' 5'K h - 6S< P * h3( 6

* h =8 4S ( ,- *+ =8, F'& 0 36 16 ( P )

*********
 !
" ## $% &
 Future Perfect Progressive Tense

What do we mean by The Future Perfect Progressive tense?

!" # $% & # ' () *+ !,

- .(/ 01 2 34 $ % 1.

# : # ;( (<= *+ !, 95 32 6#7 8! " 2

34 >(? 2 $ % 1 !" $ % +, # $ % 2 ..

D# E F - 3C - ,(?2BB ( & #@(? A

.((D# - *+ 3C : .!G H . I# ))
JJK L ( M% +, 2 <))
D ##########<+ ' , () # # :

By, when, 2 01! (#:R 2 NO ' P Q ? 2(& 2 (& R

before , 1 R
by the time *+ 01! R ...

- S#7 T#<

How to form the Future Perfect Progressive tense?

(& : T#F 2 UA - 6#V # < (? W A M %R , 6#7

been X K/' #H : ing 6#7 Y 7 D :
 Subject+will+have+been+V-ing

N@ ZZ , [ N A 2 # JJ & : U 2 A will N@ have ((0 # has ))

(& : N@ been \ ? M /' #H : N@ ing W'& 8( *+ ..

'] 2 / Examples

^8 ]

On the first of October , I will have been living

in my present home for exactly ten years.

DF _! %& ;( +, 0%& (1 !<` ! <2 8 a .

W'& 8( : A living

01! I: ZZ RJJ O *2 N# , >(/ ..

b8]
They will probably have been playing tennis for several & already
by the time we get there.

c , M# !" *+ 01! _& d I ! (1 / ! !"# .

8 a >(/ I Q e - !,

] >(/ c , !< eD# E F !, .

 f8 ] :
Mohammad will have been studying
here five years by the time he gets his degree.

MR G . W'& M# 7/ *+ 01! _! I 3 ;( ,L ( ( / !"# .

8 a >(/ , ( e - !,

] >(/ MR G . W'& 8!7/ eD# E F !, .

- () W

When to use the Future Perfect Progressive tense?

# $% & # ' () (? () A !, T 0'1 <

- .(/ 01 2 34 $ % 1 !" .

: # ;( (<= *+ !, 95 32 6#7 8! " 2

!" $ % +, # $% 2 #
34 >(? 2 $ % 1 ..

() R # # 2 P g?U ( e g?h
( " M 2 M ! ' BB ' P ] K%
W T' ) ' BB ' P ( O () A
 8 ] ..

They will probably have been playing tennis for several & already
by the time we get there.

' P Y7 ( # " 2 ..

By the time we get there, they will probably

have been playing tennis for several & already
 The Future Perfect tense

What do we mean by The Future Perfect tense?

!" # $ %& '( ( )'*)

+ , -, ( .) / 0. 123 .

4 / 5 + $ 6 7 $ -
..8 9 /: ; /:0 5< = : >? @ / ..

+ A B :-

@ / CD E %& '( F G <

.. + H I >J$ + K H&( ...

6 .' L MNH 6 < = O

By, when, 0.' P, = Q+ R J > / 4 4 ,

before , . ,
by the time %& 0.' / , ...
 1 F6

,T, = . R4 0+ . ='OT*SS 0R. ' $))

5 ( 4:F G < / @ / C 9 SS U + I ))

6 < :B /=O= V 8 9 @ /C 9 N40 ,T, =

N R6 G / $ RJ " F 6 > OT* ..

@WE XO

How to form the Future Perfect tense?

= 5 + R4 XR #$: DY ( :

Subject+ will+have+ past partciple

Q* 1 ; ='-$ . 4 P = [ )1 O SS 4 P Z9 :
1( \))
4 P Z9 Q5 will P Z9 '/ H have
((Z9 : = >J$ has 4 P =G will 1 ] H ,T$:
% M1 H E P have ^ has ))
F J / ( &2 F /G % SS 6 6 C D Y / P Z9 Q5))

++++++++++++++
 R6 / Examples
'( . C 1! %&R F 6

I will have finished my work before you arrive.

(( ,T, = . R4 0+ . ='OT*))

5 ( 4:
F G < / @ / C 9 SS U + I ))

6 < :B /=O= V 8 9 @ /C 9 N40 ,T, =

_F6
She will have left by the time her parents get here.

C / +$ ,T$ %& 0.' / L N ] . ='- *.

F G < P ND ` @ / '(

6 < +$ U J `V 8 9 / '(

aF 6

I will graduate in June.I will see you in July.

By the next time I see you Iwill have graduated.

%:'b 1+! / e T* d='b 1+! / c1#, )'*.

0b1#, . ='OT* f / ( T* N 1 /.
 gF6
I will have finished my homework by the time I go out tonight.

R R C / c12T* %& 0.' / b 0+ . ='OT*.

F G < >b ' U+ I ` @ / '(

6 < F c 1# `V 8 9 / '( .

************

@ #

When to use the Future Perfect tense?

!" h # * '( X$1 / * 0R. O
/ 0. 123 i .S + , -, i)'* S .
 future Progressive tense

What do we mean by The Futre Tense?

!"
#$ % %& '( )* +!' ..

1& 2 // , // 0 // , - . ..
3 . 4 54* 6 54* 7 //
%& '= << % 8 9$!: 7 ; 54* +!' )).

***********

0 >?

% % 7E %F G DD > ? ; C << # B A @?
% ? % 4 C: H & I $ JK 4L I #$; MNC ' &; B 4 H&
.. ' &; B ' O&; # 7!B 4L 3 :N ' #$! E
..M B !" 3 P!$ 8 %& '= QG, ! " E
.. IC = > ? % B4 H & // B R,! S F..

*************

T) 9B
How to form The Future Progressive Tense?

K P 4U 'E % * VIW 6. XL 4 F
\ ] %X ) ^ " P 4U 'E I 6 *: DDV O&4 B<< % Y 4Z!:, 3 [ ..
54G % & 'E I _ X -8 P4U : X) E
% ? %X ) aJ [ %X ) J " // J -8 ;` "@B ..

J [ %X ) /
Will + Be+ V-ing

4 8 !: 4 , E will 6b Be c $!*I ' '[ 8 6b ing

P4U : X ) 7 I$ B 54G % & 'E I

%I? ../

I will begin to study at seven.You will come at eight .

I will be studying when you come .

3G Y I V >? -8 .

]d > ?

Right now I am sitting in class. At this time tomorrow

, I will be sitting in class.

" Z 7!BN' #$! -8 4f/ )8 -IZ 7e .

***************

% ? %X ) /

is/am/are+going to+be+V-ing

%b@? M4 > [ \4GE P4U E is/am/are 2 8 S G

 6b V going to 54* ' g Y JI >4:
6b be c $!*I 8 6b ing

> hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh?

.Don’t call me at nine because i won’t be home..

I am going to be studying at the library
 The Present Perfect tense

* / ! "# $ %# "# #
((& ' ( )* )) The Present Perfect tense .

+% , - . /01 - 2' $ 34'1 5 ! + 6 7 " 38

6 AA 3 9 $ ' ! :( ;* 2 <(3 = > "# ? 9(& 1(@ + ..

D$6 + % E & ' ( )* CB #

What do we mean by the term ((Present Perfect))?

G@3> F G '5 H G ' I J K3 I # K3 K3>' $ 34'L% M N

((H( UV W = K3> TTR SAAAAAAAQ 1 I J P I JO 1 I J M#
" ; "# 36B K3> ES A "X 2 S Y ' $8Z '% :
* G@3> % " ;/ 3J A G@3> F G ' I J K3 # [J I .
*"X 2 S J 6 K3> # I 5 ( UV W = .

* I / 2' +6 6 \\\\ + :
39 + 8 # '; ';6 W /# *
TT ]] +'Y 3 '; + # W :
'; $ # J + WJ !/ ; " = ^ , '; # J %06 + @ /
(( '; 6 * %S L 6 K3> ( UV ES TT G ' $;
+ +: * + $' * + K3> ( UV _ ` = ESA '; G ;5 Y #
@3> F WJ .
+ ' ! *8 a ' ..

Nora: Read this book , it is very nice.

Halh: I have read it already.

bJ ' B *'L K3 ;'% ! *'L* ( )* = + "S B ;

bJ ' B 3J I Y'L* + Y B bJ ' 3J K3>' =+
.@ ! &3 ! > ( *'1c 2 `3 I 5 ES .

* D& ' ( )* = F 6 & Y/ b !

How to form the present perfect tense?

5 [: B # f d &' ( )* e % *
Have/has ` g h U Past participle

ES :
Has /have + Past participle

(( < ' )) *LY 6 & N' B 36B *LJ 2 S h LY 1:

` i LY 3 L* I 5 [6 ' has

d She-he-it 3 L* I 5 , / has

a / h ES :

Subject+has+ V(past participle)

+ Y6 L K Z *) I 5 " ; 3J I 5 [)% B # ES
 She-he-it3 L* I 5 U has
$'h 7 + +L Z I 5 U .
# / Examples
She has learned French already.
' L% 5 W* / 3Y .

He has lost his keys.

$> / 5 :# 3Y .

+% LY 3 L* I 5 [6 ' have

d I-you-we-they 3 L* I 5 , / have

a / h ES :

Subject+have+ V(past participle)

+ Y6 L 6(i Z *) I 5 " ; 3J I 5 [)% B # ES
I-you-we-they
3 L* I 5 U have
$'h 7 + +L Z I 5 U .

# / Examples
I have met many people since I came here in june.
" 9 j + + 3J > < ; W 6 J 3Y .

We have been here for two weeks.

: 1S >%.

They have studied the lesson very good.

3 9 <(3 ! '1S 3Y .
 * D& ' ( )* = &34'L% 2'
When to use the Present Perfect tense?

*'L l m% # K3 ' + kB #
;' = M# : > WJ 2 S *'1S +: * + TT@3> n] WJ + #36 K3>
. 8 o &34'L% G@ > H + since

` :

I have met many people since I came here in June.

" 9 j + + 3J > < ; W 6 J 3Y .

3 3>' 6 WJ < 6Y @3>* K3> ES

"X 2 S K3> ( UV W = " 9 j+.

He has spoken English since he was achild .

5d " ! "# N 8%c K3>' .

@3> # WJ + K3 K3> N 8%c h K3>/ K3> ES

(("X 2 S TT h K3>/]]K3> ( UV W = TT 5d " ! * .

+: * + WJ # = *'1S l m% # K3 ' + kk %U
8 o &34'L% G@ AK3>' = 2 S p ) 6 TT@3> F ]] WJ $;
for # :

He has studied English for along time.

3 6 = N 8%c <(@ 3Y .

WJ + K3> K3> N 8%c h 1 (@ K3> ES

2S J N 8%c h 1 (@ K3> ( UV "# BS TT3 6 = ]]+: * + @3> #
"X .

They have been here for several years.

G3 3 1 .

WJ + K3> K3> 39 / # 39 ' K3> ES

"X 2 S J 39 / K3> ( UV "# BS TTG3 1 ]]+: * + @3> #.

G3 # G K3 l m% # K3 ' + kk U
(( : > 'J 2 S +: * + TT( ; K3 M# . #:

He has played football from time to time.

,X WJ &3Y G ! .

!# ( ;/ 3J K3> &3Y G ! K3> ES

+ > WJ + "X 2 S +: * G .

He has appeared on television Occasionally.

q ,# G ' 6 + = 5 ' = 9 + .

2 '%S 3J l m% # K3 ' + kk 6(
K3>' WJ I J 39 G JG ' .

#:

He has just left.

' E 3Y .
 She has worked very hard this week.
1i J j * I* 3Y .

& 34'1S 6 . 5
Since for

Since
f6 L ` * + #( *! @3> WJ ' o > &34'L%:

I have met many people since I came here in June.

" 9 j + + 3J > < ; W 6 J 3Y .

For
f6 L ` * + #( *! = G3 ' o > &34'L%:

He has studied English for along time.

3 6 = N 8%c <(@ 3Y .

G3 6 = G3 K3 K3> ES .

How to make questions?

D` rL F 7 # [: 6 & Y% b !

` rL >% 2' *9 2 Y6 L i ` 3 m%..

They have studied the lesson very well.

s!S * # tY* * 6 & Y% ` r1 2 S >% * X

*8 a ' :
 Have they studied the lesson very well?

3 L* I 5 6 #3 % ES have I 5 U they & 5'1c AAA *8 Y6 U

* The negative

+5

IJ J I " ; + +5% M# d not # never

` 3 6 +5 +/0 & ' ( )* + 2 * s5% ! have/has

*8 s5% :

They have studied the lesson very well.

a '

They have not studied the lesson very well.

&' ( )* [ G@ &34'L/ +' *;

·+ :
already

Y6 1O "X O ' + /

` :

She has already gone.

' W E 3Y

Just 3 L* I 5 +1 1i I 5 6 [Y/ .
 */ # & *' 6Q J WJ O > + / .

` :

Do you like something to eat?

No I have just had lunch.

Yet pY u1i +5 + * ; H &34'L/ G@ 6

K3> "# u j [J ' ;'* "# 2 S m/ + "X 2' + / .

#:

+5 2 `

I have written the letter but I haven’t posted it yet.

36 1(# +; 1 W '! 3Y .

` rL 2 ` :

Has it stopped raining yet?

D"X 2' * ` bJ ' #

:* G ` i K3 v+j ' &' ( )* &34'L% >% .

#:

This is the first time I have driven a car.

G( L @ J# +' 2 i G * + H .

·&' ( )* &34'L @ 3' 6 $/ + $ * v+j ,V t4j `0L t4j @ (# ES

` rL + ' h & 34'1S f d :

Have you ever+V past participle

#:

Have you ever eaten caviar?

( ; I!0/ "# - 2 L/ -/ + G I .

Have you ever read Hamlet?

 Present Continuous

*
!" # $ % &' () ' * +
, - . / 0 ))12 3 45 )" 6 7 & ( 8) 9$: 5 .

; 3) < = ( . 32
What do we mean by the term Present Continuous?
"? 32 7 C* B A >"? @4 <
() D. . 3: ) .82 + EF .

GH $I 32 JK L.M N L.4 ,1O 6 C$ I =-

N8 * 3P 32 E L.M =- QH .H QH .H L.M 7
.

*; N 5.R < ,
When to use the Present Continuous?
M 9$I S T< U V 5.R () 4 32 =-:

7 0<! X T< * L.4 * N O O ( 4 32 W *

3 M 32 L.M $I Z YRT 0 2 >1F C$ GH 32
.( 1 )I 5.R [ ZN8 32 3: ) J* N M L.M N $I
Now
 (1 * / Examples

Naser and Mohammad are playing football now .

.M \<J 1 5.8 D JK

JK 7 L.M $I 5.8 D ] I )I L.M )I @4 < =-

\ < 3: ) .H C* ] 8 N 8 32 H 3: ) .H >1F 32
O " * (O " . D F ] .M .
D F ] 1 AA ( "- 0 2 )I L.M =-))
+ E 5.R < # $ .

3P 32 L.4 X T< * L.4 * N O O ( 4 32 W < ^

.H L.M $I J* N M >1F GH 32 7
_H * N ` - J F .H C$ 6.M [ GH N 8 32 .

(1 * / Examples

Salem is working for an oil company.

N 7 1 ( a 32 > ".

7 I 3P 32 *. BB ( T 32 N AA I )I L.M =-
32 > " N O ( T 32 N 7 > " J* C* JK
L.M =- Z 6.M [ N/* , - N 8 32 "( T
+ 5.R < #$ 5.O ( "? ,1O 7. BBN AA )I.
 Mary is studying music in New York.

b . c < 32 ,8 " C .

7 I 3P 32 *. BB,8 " (" 6AA I )I L.M

N8 32 " : " 6 ,8 " b . G C J* C* JK
( "? ,1O 7. BB (" . AA )I L.M =- Z 6.M [ N/* , -
+ 5.R < # $ 5.O .

L.M S " N O * L.4 O L.M 1 5.R < .H W ^

( 1 5.R < ( M 9$I 32 Z N 8 32
N8 32 L.M " L.M J* 7. (1 / 0 a * D O *.

(1 * / Examples

We are buying anew car as soon as the new models come out.

C T)" D. .d 6 0 2 :e C$ GH 32 H D. ./ D " .

H L.M " L.M $I BB D f aAA I )I L.M =-

( " ,1O 7. L.4 D f a ] 8 N8 32 C*
N N8 ,1O 7. 1 ) .R "- # $ Z ) .R "- $:
As soon as
 The new student is arriving next week.

D. .d ( N_ " 56 8 "' .

H L.M " L.M $I BB D. .d ( 7 \ AA I )I L.M =-

( " ,1O 7. L.4 ( 7 \ ] 8 N8 32 C*
N N8 ,1O 7. 1 ) .R "- # $ Z ) .R " $:
Next week

L.M [ L.4 O L.M ( 4 32 W

( 1 5.R < ( M 9$I 32 Z F always
7 /Example

My young son always is learning new things.

>1 D6 O g_ 3) - D. ./ f a*.

3P .H [ F f3a O L.M J F .H
L.M O P J F 0<* C* >1F

Wake up ! you are always sleeping.

5 ) D6 O G<* @8 "- .

F 5 ) D6 O 32 ]` R O )I 3P [ L.M =- .

L .M F L.4 O L.M ( 4 32 W &

 () 9$I * :T $I * "' $I f ".
(1 * / Examples

I am taking five course this semester.

<* $&h 5 $I " ( &.

5 $I 7 & F 3 " F (" 6 I )I L.M =- .

She is writing another book this year.

3I ] F () 9$I &h .

&K F ( I () 9$I F L.M =- .

·&; N i _< Q
How to form The present Continuous ?

5 H* L ^ , - ([ _ G H : 32 ' N& . ) ..
C$ f3T J* 7 H* 6 * 5 H* (^ 9$I , - NH F
(2 P- I ([ \ (ing) .O N (H N (8M1
C* (is-am- are)
5 H* (^ , - ) I JK :

*/
I + am + V -ing

S 4 =- I .O N >^ am (7 S 4 0<' I .O N - $& am)

7 0 jM1 3" "' N >^ (ing)

I am reading a nice story now.

JK (1 / (_H * H* <*.
 < ^/
( she-he-it) + is + V (ing)

( D6 k %.4- - * =- She-he -it

.O N >^ is 8M1 N >^ (ing)

(1 * ..

She is trying to improve his work .

:1 O M J* 7 M 3I .

It is raining.

:<- .

^/
(we-you-they)+ are+ V (ing)

( Vd k %.4- - * =- we-you-they
.O N >^ are 7 0 8M1 N >^ (ing)

(1 *:

They are sleeping now.

JK J k < >I.

You are singing beautifully.

( $ 3)g G<* .
 ( R11 AA ) :e 4 >^ . / D.O 8 >:2 . W (e4 ))!!!

· (l I ,1O : [ \ F 7 2* c )I
VP () ( 4 ,1O 7. <- ( "? ,1O 7. VH 32 :<'
NFa 32 : [ \ M V " #$ ( "? 5.O
3I + (l I 32 F :

N8 Qk m , - 6 3 7 2' W *
Mental state

(know-realize-understand-recognize-
believe-feel-suppose-think-imagine-
doubt-remember-forget-want-need-prefer-mean)
7

7 8< J* ! R

He is knowing.

I n M_

He knows

() <- nP 3 7 2' W < ^

Emotinal state

(love-like-appreciate-hate-dislike-fear-envy-mind -care)

( F1 ,1O 7. 7 2* W ^
 Possesion(posses-have-own-belong)

E R b M 7 2* W
Sense perception

(taste-smell-hear-feel-see)

( "? 5.O 7 4 ,1O 7. % &* 7 2* W &

(seem-look-appear-cost-owe-weigh-be-exist-consist of- contain-include)

*( (1 d 32 3 ) i _< Q :
How to form the negative?

( 1 VP +82 5 8< ( 1d<? (g1 32 3 < C* ([ \ . < ) 4 S I not 3 )1

They are sleeping now.

JK J k < >I .
+82 Q < : < . < ) 4 ( (1 d 9$I not J f " .O N .
Is-am-are

(1 d n _ 2 :

They are not sleeping now.

JK J k < [ >I.

*; 32 (1l"' i _< Q

How to form Questions in Present Continous

J * f " NO >^ ( . 32 .O N V <

5 : "? ( O >^ (1 d ( 8 >^ P * nP >"- ..

They are sleeping now.

n _ 7 o" , - : M< ) 4 (1 / 9$I

Are they sleeping now?

; JK J k < >I NI
 Tag Question

What do we mean by Tag Question?

! " # $ % "# #& .

*************

How to form Tag Question?

'( )

*+ ,-. % / 0 .

1# 23 4 5 * 6 23 789$

=# # 5 > / $< 23 .: ; (1$ not 9$ never )

23 ? ,-. :#- 9 ) @ AB&
( CD E 9 5 :#- $ not ) @ AB& 9
+ << F 2GH :#-* 1# H )).
 3 $:

Ali is here, isn’t he? Yes he is.

+ EB , $I & ..

You like tea , don’t you? Yes I do.

+ EB , $I J K@* L $ .

0 & 9 QQ 5 > /<< 23 ? M $ NOP ;

CD E 9 5 +G not M +G . R 5 S;
+ & :#-*9 1# H +G T 5 H P. .

UOP /

*EB ? P0$ . R . %- + 3 3
R. 5 K O > C9 you V2 9 do W>- S .9 don’t
X Y ( Z; & do not E B 9 isn’t X Y ( Z; & is not.

. R5 ; do &9 Y. >[ BZ / you -

we.they-I

&9 >[ 1 9 she-he-it . R 5 BZ * does.

*************
\ ( ,-.< 1# 5 4 L23 * 6 5 7 G
S 9! )

=# # $< 5 .: ; (1$ not 9$ never )

5 ? ,-. :#- 9 ) @ AB&
( =# 9 T E 9 L 3 :#- $ not ) @ AB& 9
8<< 5 :#-* 1# H )).

3 $:

Ali isn’t here, is he? No ,he isn’t.

=# # , ] E B , $ I & , ..

You don’t like tea , do you? No , I don’t .

V2O$8^^ 8 E B , $ I J K@*8 L $ .

+G 0 & 9 QQ 23 > /<< 5 ? M $ NOP ;

C; E 9 L23 not M +G . R 5 S;
+ & :#-*9 1# H +G T 5 H P. .

**************
 _ ?H \ \( K- # *:

Affirmative sentence+ Negative

Tag= AffirmativeAnswer expected

23 + 5 * = 1# 23

Negative sentence+ Affirmative Tag= Negative Answer

expected

1# 5 4 L23 * 6 5

*****************
*X 2 > this-that #& it

3 $:

This is your book, isn’t it?

EB , $IE B&

That is your book, isn’t it?

#& , $ I E E

****************

*X 2 > these-those #& they

These/Those are yours, aren’t they?

+ # $ I E +& E *7`8 &

****************
 * # ? there T a @ AB& R5
? P0$ =# # . + there

3:

There is a meeting tonight, isn’t there?

**************

R3 5 F #@* ? 7 > Z$ nothing- nobody BZ *

23 $.

3 $:

Nothing is wrong, is it?

 ! "#
$#
% $#
! &
% '(
*) ' $
+
% $# , -
./ +
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3 $/
! 4 &5
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.& ;

/, 01//, /
2 $ OP >
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 3
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40 M / V / 9 1O & = & $

& $ M W / VX #
@/ X#
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30 =G / V / 9 1\ & =
30 $

$ =B / V X #
' X # HB
' * H G 9 GV #
* #
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* C 0 +87 #
% 1X #
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5 $ ] >- #
] B # /+870
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 60 T G /
60 *

* TG #
^ #" _
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$ ! " " V >7 #
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 60 8 /
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' #
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@4HI X # X
' 8 c ^ # bb
X# _
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! $ = #
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& $% 52 >7 #
5 8 X#
 80 $ / V /
' /8

' / VX #
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X#
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! * 9 GV # @I H
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$$ CH4[ >H4 # $ 0

90 P 8 /
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$ P X#
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3 $/
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 ( C4 5
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/, 01//, /
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40 M / V / 9 1O & = & $

& $ M W / VX #
@/ X#
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30 =G / V / 9 1\ & =
30 $

$ =B / V X #
' X # HB
' * H G 9 GV #
* #
* !C #
* C 0 +87 #
% 1X #
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! P= X #
$ MN #
5 $ ] >- #
] B # /+870
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 60 T G /
60 *

* TG #
^ #" _
!9 > $7 #
$ ! " " V >7 #
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 60 8 /
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' #
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' 8 c ^ # bb
X# _
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!! B E #9
 Religion and the Universe
Ablution
Altar
Apostate
Archangel
Ascetic
Caliphate
Beads !
Cremation " #$% & '
Deluge - & - )+ , () *
Doomsday .)! /
Festival ()% 1 0
Funeral 23)4%
Pile $% & '7 8,' 9 6 5
Apostle A ? @ ? 0? ' : ; "5 < = >
Ascension )! " ! B>
Atheist D %E F4 C
Bier HBI G )
Burial 5
Caliph C! J C JC
Cemetery 2 K
Coffin G ) L MN G )
Creator P O)
Creed L ! () 7 ( I)5 2 K
Crescent RFS L A E ?)BQ I) $B
Crusade CT C CT
Day of Judgment ) 1 ) )K ) ?) U F T L1 :F' :F'
Devil (), Q
Eclipse Y!F W X S W V !9
Exodus Z?) C J ) % 2 [ ZE
Fast ! M / >
Migration 2 [
Graveyard 2 K
Hell : [
Heretic O I3
Idol \E B
Infidel )F
Inspiration /)1 =E? ]JI
Jew 0 1
Oracle )9
Pilgrim Z)'
Prophet LI
Purgatory ?)4 E 4[ %)' 1,
 Recitation )5 2E M !
Revelation )S ?)1^ L'E /)1
Sacrificial LI) 5
Saint X _5
Sect J@)* B Q
Sermon ;
Rosary G C> C!C
Unitarian '
Verse B`Q
Worship B 2)
Heaven ( Paradise) 4'
Hereafter B ) 2 a
Houri ? '
Hymn C
Inferno :41% : [
Initiation A 1U
Observe fast M, ?
Penance 2?)JF
Pilgrimage b'
Pulpit d) (E S W ! 49 L W c 4
Recite LKC CU
Resurrection ) ' #B
Sage R5) : F'
Spiritual G) I)'E
Spiritualism I)'E
Theist D % e '
Tradition CK
Unity 2 'E
Vow ?4 ?I

Everyday Political
Aristocracy 4 )% )B K,
Autocracy KC, J F'
Capitalists 0 \ L4- L ) <
Comment ;' )KUI
Conservatives &E ? '
Progress LK / KU ? %
Contradiction f5)4 8 F ?)FI
Cultural L )K\
Demands 8C,
Disciplinary /?)> L g L*) NI
Elections .) UI ?) U
Extremists L , V ,U
 Differences &?) V U
Illiteracy <
Interview LJ > # ' C )K
Law L )K ( I)5
Leader : 3
Ministry 2? 3 "4 8T4
Moderates A UB 2 [ h U
Non-violence 2 !5 2 Q Y4 ij<
Political reforms L )
Progressive L K
Audience P) U ) % /) < / F '
Census ()F!C L ? )T'
Commentator OkCB
compliments =
Constitutional L > 0 4
Constitutional reforms ! U = >
Country resources ? 2E \
Elector 8 U4 P UK
Industrial development L )4>
Latest news O ) l gU
Lawlessness ( I)5
Loyalty mE ) E n
Majority C+o
Military matters F! ) )N5
Minority 0 I)\ P Q pC : >)K
Nationalist L K
Observant ;' M q) UI7 Q
Precautionary L@)5E
Proceedings % A) 9
Property rC >)
Reactionaries LB%?
Religious P?E L4 LK
Republic ? 1%
Revolution 2?E ? A ' ( ?E 2? \
To sue X UC R U A3)-
Propaganda )
Refuge g[C g
Restrictions T' K
Safety () <
Suffering f : gU
Voluntarily " ? l?) U
Warrant T ? )J9
 Everyday Educational Vocabulary
Admonish 8 )B / C s 9
Approval K 8[B : ( ()! U
Capable Y9 P?) s R e "C ? )5 s R )5
Chastise 85)B . N . e
Uproar b[ Z) U .
Classification K * Y 4T
Coeval )l ?) R\) >)B t Q
Competition X )4
Concentration 9 uQ 9 9
Discipline C! h N 5 n)T5 XJ4 h 8 1 8?
Application LB Z 8C* O , .) FI B A) BU
To audit O5 O 5 U [ UI "C L@)1I ()
Character ? T ? *o 8 + t Q ' ! L ?E )UF L . C <
Chastisement .)K . 8 g
Child welfare RJ* ) ?
Education
Commendation P *
Comrade = ! O ? . O ? O ?
Courtesy , E C )[ / U' )4 I (j
A decent reply / U . %
Dull R E + A !9 L + C L,
Defiance ?)B ) V)J U
Duffer L - & < v ) LQ T ? )lBC M A [U M@)
Expulsion * R' Z
Failure [ &)J
Frank statement J >
to get plucked 2 K 8C! Y,K
Lax f )+ ? A)1 w .)T R1!
Indolent :e +
Medium of instruction h U : CB
Obedience )* A)$U
Obstinate nature M, 4
Promotion X g )SI M [S b E 5
A painstaking )1U%
Regularity O )4 /);UI
Scholarship CB 4 ? 4
 Playmate 8BC R 3 8BC O ?
Rivalry ! )4 X )4
To supersede ]!4 YC R R R,
To supervise ^)4 "C V S 85
Unseemly :@ + O@m +
Tuition : CBU 2 %<
Tutor L> T :CB v%

Everyday Kitchen Vocabulary

Acid f )' )'
Root 8 ?%
Barely )F ) 1[ )
Tea L )Q
Biscuit x F!
Black pepper < RJC
Beef 2 K :
Boiled rice LC- 3?<
Braise L1*
Bread
Broom !4F
Burning coal : &
Caddy 2 -> C 2 -> 0)Q C
Camphor ? )9
Castor oil y 45 x 3
Cheese %
Clove RJI 5 H 9 / $ t
Coal :
Coconut oil 41 3 % x 3
Coffee 2 15
Coriander 2 9
Croquette UJ9
Crumb 2 !9 G)U
Cumin ( 9
Dough 4[
Fenugreek C'
Flame 81
 Flummery i C'
Fuel 5E
Ghee 2 P I
Grate 8NK 5E C )'
Bowl I),C 3
Bran ) I
Breakfast ? ,
Broth &
Butter 2 3
Cake r9
Cardamom R
Caviare ?) )9
Cayenne )9
Clout R 4 ,C
Cob 2?j 3 9
Cream ,S5
Cruet L%)%3 O
Cup ygF
Dinner )S
Dish O*
Dry ginger YJ[ R [I3
Fireplace 5 U!
Flour O5
Fork 9 Q
Garlic / \
Gram t'
Gravy : C & TC>
Hearth 2g
Kernel K ' 8 19)J 2? 2 4
Ketchup .)S )9
Knife F
Ladle S9
Linseed ()UF ?
Maize 2?j
Macaroon i C'
Match x 9
Measure y) K
Milk 8 C'
Morsel K
Mustard A
Oil x3
Omelette [
Opium ( <
Pasty (patty) : C) 2 ,
Platter 9O*
Porridge !
 Potato X*),
Gum FC
Jam "
Jelly /
Kerosene E F
Kickshaws L1Q /)B*
Lid ),+
Marrow P) I
Meal %E
Mint P)4BI
Musk r!
Mutton (gN : VE
Olive oil ( U x3
Onion RT
Oven (
Pickle RC
Pork 4 :
Pot ?5
Pottage )!'
Rice 3?<
Sago )SI
Salad C,
Salt-cellar C 5
Sauce CTC>
Scale ( J9
Serviette 2 @) R 4
Snuff OS4U! :S
Spice R
Spoon KBC
Stew 1, ] , )!'
Sugar F
Supper )SB
Syrup . Q T
Tray 4T
Veal R[B :
Venison A +:
Vinegar ' FI 2? R
Basin z '
Weight (3
Saffron ( J
Salt C
Sandal A 4>
Scented ) @ ? Ej
Spaghetti IE F
Sieve R 4
Spark 2? Q
Stewed meat { , :
Sugar pot F C
Sweetmeat " i C'
Tea L )Q
Tea-pot L )Q C
Tongs hKC
Turmeric :9 9
Veal pies R[B : @),
Vegetable GE N
Wax LI B M Q
Wheat 5 ,4'
Wood 8S

Household Articles
Bed
Bolster 2
Bottle %)%3
Bucket R,
Candle BQ
Cane 3)F )T ( ? 8T5
Chair L 9
Clock )
Comb hS
Couch F ?<
Cradle 1
Cupboard .mE
Cushion 2) E
Ewer O <
Frame ?)*
Goblet yg9 = 5 y)*
Crate tJ5
Handkerchief R 4
Hanger )'
Hook V),
Iron '
Mirror 2|
Powder & !
Purse ? A) : ? X 9 2E \
 Quilt N V)
Blanket I),
Brush 2)Q
Carpet 2 )[
Chimney 4
Club 0 )I
Cosmetic LC [ LCFQ
Cover () ),+
Cream : ,S5
Diary 2 FJ
Fan 'E
Fringe [ =)4% ?)* )'
Gramophone L9)'
Grater 2 Q)
Ink-pot ' C
Lamp =) T
Needle 2
Perfume ,
Pillow 2) E
Pin ?) ! y
Quern E 4 , QE [
Radio ?
Razor &
Ring :)
Rouge '<
Screen Q)Q
Soap ( )>
Sponge b4J
Syringe 4K
Thread h
Tooth brush ()4 < 2)Q
Tooth powder ()4 < 2?
Tub /) U z ' /) '
Umbrella "C;
Vase 3
Wick CU
Refrigerator % \
Rosary G C>
Scent BSU! :S
Scissors tK
Shampoo )Q
Sofa F ?<
Stick )T
Table 2 @) @)5 2 N4
Tap J4'
Telephone Y)
Television 3)JC
Towel JS4
Twig 03 C ? T+
Twist U * J
Watch 5 )

Man and His Condition

Adult p)
Bachelor . <
Boyhood )T 3 () T ) T
Creditor 8')> @
Customer ( 3
Debtor (
Erratic A) ? *o 8 + t Q ?)Q j)Q
Bald P 5< MC><
Blind " <
Bride yE B
Cripple RS Z <
Deaf :><
Dumb :F <
Female "$I<
Foreigner L 4%<
Hunch back 1; )4 I
Lame !9 Y B Z <
Master X @?
Neighbour ?)%
Old !
Orphan :U
Pupil 8 )*
Slave /)
Traveler )!
Widow C ?<
Young ->
Groom X
Infant M ?
Male 9j
Middle aged B YTU4
Partner R 3 O ? r Q
Purblind ;4 Y B
Squint A '
Stutter :$BC BUB U
Virgin ?
 Youth "U .) S

Human Body
Abdomen V % ,
Anus Z S x 7
Armpit h
Backbone 0 KJ B
Beauty A) %
Belly ,
Blood /
Body :!%
Bosom N' ? >
Brain })
Breasts \<
Buttock () ?
Ankle R')9
Arm P ?j
Back 1^
Beard
Belch O
Bile JT
Bladder I)$
Blood circulation / ( ?E
Bone /);
Bowels )B <
Breath XJ4
Calf R[ &) ,
Cheek
Chin 5j
Complexion 2 S
Corpse $%
Cue 2 J
Disease z
Ear-drum (jo C *
Elbow O P F
Eye
Eye-lashes B .
Eye-lids B J%
Face v%E
Finger M ><
Glands 4 -
 Hair BQ
Head y<?
Heart 8C5
Hip ?E
Index finger )!
Jaw r
Kidneys C9
Large intestine ; C- )B o
Limb V *
Little finger T4
Chest ?>
Clavicle q 5 2 ')4
constitution ? U :![ 4
Digestion :N
Ear (j<
Ear-wax (jo B Q
Excrement h@)+ 3
Eye-brow B 8%)'
Eye-sight T
Eye-socket B Y [
Fat (
Fist N 5 YF M %
Foot /5
Grinder(molar) y
Gum $
Hand
Health >
Heel 8B9
Hunger P %
Joint RTJ
Knee 9?
Knuckle RTJ
Leg &)
Lip JQ
Liver 9
Lobe KC t (jo Q
Lungs G)@?
Menses #, f
Molar y
Moustache .?)Q
Muscles G N
Nape O4B )J5
Neck 5?
Nose YI<
Organs of body :![ N
Palm Y9
 Phlegm :-C
Pupil C B ee
Ribs P <
Semen L4
Shoulder YU9
Skeleton L ; RF
Skull [%
Sneeze y),
Spittle .) ? &)T O ? .)B
Stool h@)+
Teat C'
Testicle T
Thirst H,
Lock BQ CT
Marrow P) I
Middle-finger ",
Mole A)
Mouth :
Nails ?)J^<
Navel 2 !
Nerves E 8T
Nostrils YIo 8K\ 4
Palate r4 YK &E )'
Pancreas y) F4
Penis 8 N5
Plait 2 J
Pulse fI
Respiration XJ4
Saliva .)B
Side V *
Skin 2 S C%
Snot ~)
Sperm 4B L4
Spleen A) *
Stomach 2B ,
Tear B
Thigh
Throat OC' 2 [4'
Thumb .)1 7
Tongue ()!
Tooth
Urine A
Vagina R1
Voice G >
Womb :'?
Wrist p ?
 Toes / K M>
Tonsil 23 C
Veins ?E &
Waist T
Wrinkles )[

Relatives
Father .<
Mother /<
Brother {<
Sister x <
Younger-brother ->o {o
Cousin :
Son
Foster brother ) ) {o
Uncle :
Nephew x < {<
Grand-father [
Grand-son J
Husband ZE3
Step father /o ZE3
Step mother .o %E3
Step brother /o ZE3
Step sister /o ZE3 x4
Elder brother 9o {o
The only son ' m
Daughter x4
Foster-sister ) ) x o
Aunt )
Niece x o 4 {o 4
Grand-mother 2[
Grand-daughter 2 J
Wife %E3
Fiancé 8,
Fiancée ,
 Diseases
Abscess Z
Asthma ?
Blister = 5
Bronchitis L BQ .)1U
Catarrh /)93
Cold 2E
Constipation )!
Deafness • *
Diabetes 0 F! A F! z
Dumbness y < :F <
Dyspepsia :N
Feel the pulse f 4 ) y)!'
Fever "'
Freckles HI
Gastric trouble B CFS
Goiter 5? 2 - : N
Insomnia &?<
Itching r'
Lameness YB
Leprosy / %z
Anaemia / K
Baldness MC>
Bleeding V I
Cataract )
Cholera F
Colic t-
Cough A)B
Diagnosis t S RC
Diarrhea A)1
Dysentery ?)'3
Eczema •0 C% z € ) 9<
Epilepsy P >
Fistula ? )I
Gleet 3 J .)!4
Gonorrhea (
Headache P >
Indigestion :N !
Inflammation .)1U
Jaundice ()5
Laxative R1!
Lumbago 1; RJ < L L T : <
Measles T'
Palpitation 2 5E ! 8CK ()KJ
Plague ( )*
Plethora / 2 E
Polio A)J*o RCQ
Rheumatism / ) E?
Small pox 0? [
Sore throat 2 [4 .)1U
Sun stroke X Q
Tonsils OC ) 3
Malaria )?
Pain :<
Paralysis RCQ
Pimple 2 $
Pneumonia @? G j
Prescription •8 , R 5 V > E € J>E
Pus 5
Sciatica L9? 8TB
Sprain U
Syphilis 0
Toothache ! M%E
Tuberculosis R!
Vomit u5

Fruits and Vegetables

Acorn ~ C
Apple =)J
Arum V C
Beans ) A ) >)
Cabbage V JC
Cashewnut 23
Almond 3
Apricot HS
Banana 3
Beet root [4 ? %
Carrot ? %
Cauliflower h I 5
Cucumber ?)
Dates
 Fig
Gourd 5
Greens N
Kernel 8
Lemon (
Mango )[4
Mulberry G
Orange A)K
Pea m3)
Pear i $9
Pistachio OU!
Pomegranate ()
Radish R[
Rind 2 S5
Skin 2 S5 C%
Stone [' 2 I
Vine 9
Watermelon ],
Cocoanut 41 23 %
Earth nut(ground nut) L ?o & 4
Ginger R [I3
Grapes 84
Guava [
Melon /) Q ] ,
Onion RT
Peach {
Pine 4>
Potato X*),
Pumpkin 4 ,K
Quince R% J!
Raisin 8 3
Raspberry O CB G
Spinach ]I)
Tomato :*) *
Turnip xJ
Walnut 23 %
Wild fig 4U
 Clothes, Dresses, Ornaments
Anklet A) C LC')F
Armlet ?
Bodice ?>
Bow KC' y 5
Breeches ( C,4 A E
Brooch 4 C y
Button-hole ?3 U
Chain 5 C!C
Clip >)T5 M,K & *
Collar 5)
Ear ring n
Embroidered 3 ,
Fez • *
Frock 2 )
Garters .? [C ~) ? , ?<
Gloves 3)J5
Hat B5
Knickers ( !C9
Muffler P)45 ?)
Napkin R 4
Neck-tie O4B , ?
Over coat Y,B
Patch B5?
Petticoat C 2? 4
Pocket 8%
Apron ),+ ? ‚
Bangles ?E) <
Bead 23
Bracelets ?E) <
Brocade 3 , •) 5
Calico ( o) hK4 /) •) 5
Chemise )!4C LC t 5
Coat Y,B 2 U
Cushion 2) E
Embroidery 3 ,
Fur E
Garland R C9
Girdle )I3 / '
Gown ?
Jacket x 9)%
Lace C[ : ~) ?
Muslin O 5? L4,5 b !I 6 C> •)Q
Necklace 2 5 K
Nose ing YI< KC'
Pantaloon ( C,4
Pattons )
Pillow-case 2 X9
Quilt N V)
Ring :)
Shawl A)Q
Shoe '
Skirt 2? 4
Socks .? %
Stockings .? %
Trousers AE
Turban )
Veil .)[' M5
Ribbon h Q
Scarf =)QE
Shirt t 5
Silk '
Sleeve :9
Stay S
Sweater 3 C
Towel JS4
Tulle 0 ' b !I
Uniform L ? 03
Velvet R J ,5

Young Ones
Bear .
Boar 4
Cat ,5
Cow 2 K
Dog 8C9
Duck ,
 Eagle !I
Elephant R
Fox 8CB\
Frog J
Goat )
Goose 23E<
Cub G -> R Q
Kitten 2
Calf R[
Puppy E %
Duckling 2 -> ,
Eaglet .)KB {
Tadpole P JN {
Kid RJ*
Gosling 3Eo {
Hare 0 8I?<
Hen %)%
Horse ()T'
Lion <
Sheep VE
Tiger I
Wolf 8@j
Leveret 8I?o ->
Chicken Z)%

Time
January LI)$ ( I)9ƒ )4
February ~) Qƒ
March ? j|ƒy?)
April ()! IƒR <
June ( 'ƒ I
July 3 ƒ
August .| ƒ X,!+<
September A C<ƒ U
October AEo S ƒ U9<
November LI)$ S ƒ I
December LI)$ ( I)9 ƒ !
Winter )UQ
Summer Y>
Spring M ?
Autumn Y
Rains ?), <
Season : RT
 Good morning =) >
Good afternoon )!
Good evening )!
Good bye ! M
good night 2 B C
Second I)\
Minute K5
Hour )
Day /
Morning =) >
Afternoon 1; B
Evening )!
Night C
Today /
Mid night R C YTU4
To night C CC
Yesterday X<
Tomorrow l+
Week P <
Month 1Q
Fortnight ) S B ?< ƒ () <
Year 4
Half year 4! YTI
Century ( 5
Moment 2 U ;
Dawn [
Day break ?)14 ' U 7
Sunrise X S &E Q
Sunset X S .E +
Day after tomorrow + B
Last night X< C
Day before yesterday X < AE<
Instant L) 1S ?)% 0? ;
Proximo L )U 1S
Ultimo L ) 1S
Present L )' )
Past L )
Future R KU!
Period 1 TB 2 U
a.m. )l ') >
p.m. l )!
Saturday x!
Sunday 'o
Monday 4\7
Tuesday )\ $
Wednesday )B ?o
Thursday X
Friday B[
 Religion and the Universe
Ablution
Altar
Apostate
Archangel
Ascetic
Caliphate
Beads !
Cremation " #$% & '
Deluge - & - )+ , () *
Doomsday .)! /
Festival ()% 1 0
Funeral 23)4%
Pile $% & '7 8,' 9 6 5
Apostle A ? @ ? 0? ' : ; "5 < = >
Ascension )! " ! B>
Atheist D %E F4 C
Bier HBI G )
Burial 5
Caliph C! J C JC
Cemetery 2 K
Coffin G ) L MN G )
Creator P O)
Creed L ! () 7 ( I)5 2 K
Crescent RFS L A E ?)BQ I) $B
Crusade CT C CT
Day of Judgment ) 1 ) )K ) ?) U F T L1 :F' :F'
Devil (), Q
Eclipse Y!F W X S W V !9
Exodus Z?) C J ) % 2 [ ZE
Fast ! M / >
Migration 2 [
Graveyard 2 K
Hell : [
Heretic O I3
Idol \E B
Infidel )F
Inspiration /)1 =E? ]JI
Jew 0 1
Oracle )9
Pilgrim Z)'
Prophet LI
Purgatory ?)4 E 4[ %)' 1,
Recitation )5 2E M !
Revelation )S ?)1^ L'E /)1
Sacrificial LI) 5
 Saint X _5
Sect J@)* B Q
Sermon ;
Rosary G C> C!C
Unitarian '
Verse B`Q
Worship B 2)
Heaven ( Paradise) 4'
Hereafter B ) 2 a
Houri ? '
Hymn C
Inferno :41% : [
Initiation A 1U
Observe fast M, ?
Penance 2?)JF
Pilgrimage b'
Pulpit d) (E S W ! 49 L W c 4
Recite LKC CU
Resurrection ) ' #B
Sage R5) : F'
Spiritual G) I)'E
Spiritualism I)'E
Theist D % e '
Tradition CK
Unity 2 'E
Vow ?4 ?I

Everyday Political
Aristocracy 4 )% )B K,
Autocracy KC, J F'
Capitalists 0 \ L4- L ) <
Comment ;' )KUI
Conservatives &E ? '
Progress LK / KU ? %
Contradiction f5)4 8 F ?)FI
Cultural L )K\
Demands 8C,
Disciplinary /?)> L g L*) NI
Elections .) UI ?) U
Extremists L , V ,U
Differences &?) V U
Illiteracy <
Interview LJ > # ' C )K
Law L )K ( I)5
Leader : 3
Ministry 2? 3 "4 8T4
 Moderates A UB 2 [ h U
Non-violence 2 !5 2 Q Y4 ij<
Political reforms L )
Progressive L K
Audience P) U ) % /) < / F '
Census ()F!C L ? )T'
Commentator OkCB
compliments =
Constitutional L > 0 4
Constitutional reforms ! U = >
Country resources ? 2E \
Elector 8 U4 P UK
Industrial development L )4>
Latest news O ) l gU
Lawlessness ( I)5
Loyalty mE ) E n
Majority C+o
Military matters F! ) )N5
Minority 0 I)\ P Q pC : >)K
Nationalist L K
Observant ;' M q) UI7 Q
Precautionary L@)5E
Proceedings % A) 9
Property rC >)
Reactionaries LB%?
Religious P?E L4 LK
Republic ? 1%
Revolution 2?E ? A ' ( ?E 2? \
To sue X UC R U A3)-
Propaganda )
Refuge g[C g
Restrictions T' K
Safety () <
Suffering f : gU
Voluntarily " ? l?) U
Warrant T ? )J9

Everyday Educational Vocabulary

Admonish 8 )B / C s 9
Approval K 8[B : ( ()! U
Capable Y9 P?) s R e "C ? )5 s R )5
Chastise 85)B . N . e
Uproar b[ Z) U .
Classification K * Y 4T
Coeval )l ?) R\) >)B t Q
 Competition X )4
Concentration 9 uQ 9 9
Discipline C! h N 5 n)T5 XJ4 h 8 1 8?
Application LB Z 8C* O , .) FI B A) BU
To audit O5 O 5 U [ UI "C L@)1I ()
Character ? T ? *o 8 + t Q ' ! L ?E )UF L . C <
Chastisement .)K . 8 g
Child welfare RJ* ) ?
Education
Commendation P *
Comrade = ! O ? . O ? O ?
Courtesy , E C )[ / U' )4 I (j
A decent reply / U . %
Dull R E + A !9 L + C L,
Defiance ?)B ) V)J U
Duffer L - & < v ) LQ T ? )lBC M A [U M@)
Expulsion * R' Z
Failure [ &)J
Frank statement J >
to get plucked 2 K 8C! Y,K
Lax f )+ ? A)1 w .)T R1!
Indolent :e +
Medium of instruction h U : CB
Obedience )* A)$U
Obstinate nature M, 4
Promotion X g )SI M [S b E 5
A painstaking )1U%
Regularity O )4 /);UI
Scholarship CB 4 ? 4
Playmate 8BC R 3 8BC O ?
Rivalry ! )4 X )4
To supersede ]!4 YC R R R,
To supervise ^)4 "C V S 85
Unseemly :@ + O@m +
Tuition : CBU 2 %<
Tutor L> T :CB v%

Everyday Kitchen Vocabulary

Acid f )' )'
Root 8 ?%
Barely )F ) 1[ )
Tea L )Q
Biscuit x F!
Black pepper < RJC
Beef 2 K :
 Boiled rice LC- 3?<
Braise L1*
Bread
Broom !4F
Burning coal : &
Caddy 2 -> C 2 -> 0)Q C
Camphor ? )9
Castor oil y 45 x 3
Cheese %
Clove RJI 5 H 9 / $ t
Coal :
Coconut oil 41 3 % x 3
Coffee 2 15
Coriander 2 9
Croquette UJ9
Crumb 2 !9 G)U
Cumin ( 9
Dough 4[
Fenugreek C'
Flame 81
Flummery i C'
Fuel 5E
Ghee 2 P I
Grate 8NK 5E C )'
Bowl I),C 3
Bran ) I
Breakfast ? ,
Broth &
Butter 2 3
Cake r9
Cardamom R
Caviare ?) )9
Cayenne )9
Clout R 4 ,C
Cob 2?j 3 9
Cream ,S5
Cruet L%)%3 O
Cup ygF
Dinner )S
Dish O*
Dry ginger YJ[ R [I3
Fireplace 5 U!
Flour O5
Fork 9 Q
Garlic / \
Gram t'
 Gravy : C & TC>
Hearth 2g
Kernel K ' 8 19)J 2? 2 4
Ketchup .)S )9
Knife F
Ladle S9
Linseed ()UF ?
Maize 2?j
Macaroon i C'
Match x 9
Measure y) K
Milk 8 C'
Morsel K
Mustard A
Oil x3
Omelette [
Opium ( <
Pasty (patty) : C) 2 ,
Platter 9O*
Porridge !
Potato X*),
Gum FC
Jam "
Jelly /
Kerosene E F
Kickshaws L1Q /)B*
Lid ),+
Marrow P) I
Meal %E
Mint P)4BI
Musk r!
Mutton (gN : VE
Olive oil ( U x3
Onion RT
Oven (
Pickle RC
Pork 4 :
Pot ?5
Pottage )!'
Rice 3?<
Sago )SI
Salad C,
Salt-cellar C 5
Sauce CTC>
Scale ( J9
Serviette 2 @) R 4
 Snuff OS4U! :S
Spice R
Spoon KBC
Stew 1, ] , )!'
Sugar F
Supper )SB
Syrup . Q T
Tray 4T
Veal R[B :
Venison A +:
Vinegar ' FI 2? R
Basin z '
Weight (3
Saffron ( J
Salt C
Sandal A 4>
Scented ) @ ? Ej
Spaghetti IE F
Sieve R 4
Spark 2? Q
Stewed meat { , :
Sugar pot F C
Sweetmeat " i C'
Tea L )Q
Tea-pot L )Q C
Tongs hKC
Turmeric :9 9
Veal pies R[B : @),
Vegetable GE N
Wax LI B M Q
Wheat 5 ,4'
Wood 8S

Household Articles
Bed
Bolster 2
Bottle %)%3
Bucket R,
Candle BQ
Cane 3)F )T ( ? 8T5
Chair L 9
Clock )
Comb hS
Couch F ?<
Cradle 1
Cupboard .mE
 Cushion 2) E
Ewer O <
Frame ?)*
Goblet yg9 = 5 y)*
Crate tJ5
Handkerchief R 4
Hanger )'
Hook V),
Iron '
Mirror 2|
Powder & !
Purse ? A) : ? X 9 2E \
Quilt N V)
Blanket I),
Brush 2)Q
Carpet 2 )[
Chimney 4
Club 0 )I
Cosmetic LC [ LCFQ
Cover () ),+
Cream : ,S5
Diary 2 FJ
Fan 'E
Fringe [ =)4% ?)* )'
Gramophone L9)'
Grater 2 Q)
Ink-pot ' C
Lamp =) T
Needle 2
Perfume ,
Pillow 2) E
Pin ?) ! y
Quern E 4 , QE [
Radio ?
Razor &
Ring :)
Rouge '<
Screen Q)Q
Soap ( )>
Sponge b4J
Syringe 4K
Thread h
Tooth brush ()4 < 2)Q
Tooth powder ()4 < 2?
Tub /) U z ' /) '
Umbrella "C;
 Vase 3
Wick CU
Refrigerator % \
Rosary G C>
Scent BSU! :S
Scissors tK
Shampoo )Q
Sofa F ?<
Stick )T
Table 2 @) @)5 2 N4
Tap J4'
Telephone Y)
Television 3)JC
Towel JS4
Twig 03 C ? T+
Twist U * J
Watch 5 )

Man and His Condition

Adult p)
Bachelor . <
Boyhood )T 3 () T ) T
Creditor 8')> @
Customer ( 3
Debtor (
Erratic A) ? *o 8 + t Q ?)Q j)Q
Bald P 5< MC><
Blind " <
Bride yE B
Cripple RS Z <
Deaf :><
Dumb :F <
Female "$I<
Foreigner L 4%<
Hunch back 1; )4 I
Lame !9 Y B Z <
Master X @?
Neighbour ?)%
Old !
Orphan :U
Pupil 8 )*
Slave /)
Traveler )!
Widow C ?<
Young ->
Groom X
 Infant M ?
Male 9j
Middle aged B YTU4
Partner R 3 O ? r Q
Purblind ;4 Y B
Squint A '
Stutter :$BC BUB U
Virgin ?
Youth "U .) S

Human Body
Abdomen V % ,
Anus Z S x 7
Armpit h
Backbone 0 KJ B
Beauty A) %
Belly ,
Blood /
Body :!%
Bosom N' ? >
Brain })
Breasts \<
Buttock () ?
Ankle R')9
Arm P ?j
Back 1^
Beard
Belch O
Bile JT
Bladder I)$
Blood circulation / ( ?E
Bone /);
Bowels )B <
Breath XJ4
Calf R[ &) ,
Cheek
Chin 5j
Complexion 2 S
Corpse $%
Cue 2 J
Disease z
Ear-drum (jo C *
Elbow O P F
Eye
Eye-lashes B .
Eye-lids B J%
 Face v%E
Finger M ><
Glands 4 -
Hair BQ
Head y<?
Heart 8C5
Hip ?E
Index finger )!
Jaw r
Kidneys C9
Large intestine ; C- )B o
Limb V *
Little finger T4
Chest ?>
Clavicle q 5 2 ')4
constitution ? U :![ 4
Digestion :N
Ear (j<
Ear-wax (jo B Q
Excrement h@)+ 3
Eye-brow B 8%)'
Eye-sight T
Eye-socket B Y [
Fat (
Fist N 5 YF M %
Foot /5
Grinder(molar) y
Gum $
Hand
Health >
Heel 8B9
Hunger P %
Joint RTJ
Knee 9?
Knuckle RTJ
Leg &)
Lip JQ
Liver 9
Lobe KC t (jo Q
Lungs G)@?
Menses #, f
Molar y
Moustache .?)Q
Muscles G N
Nape O4B )J5
Neck 5?
 Nose YI<
Organs of body :![ N
Palm Y9
Phlegm :-C
Pupil C B ee
Ribs P <
Semen L4
Shoulder YU9
Skeleton L ; RF
Skull [%
Sneeze y),
Spittle .) ? &)T O ? .)B
Stool h@)+
Teat C'
Testicle T
Thirst H,
Lock BQ CT
Marrow P) I
Middle-finger ",
Mole A)
Mouth :
Nails ?)J^<
Navel 2 !
Nerves E 8T
Nostrils YIo 8K\ 4
Palate r4 YK &E )'
Pancreas y) F4
Penis 8 N5
Plait 2 J
Pulse fI
Respiration XJ4
Saliva .)B
Side V *
Skin 2 S C%
Snot ~)
Sperm 4B L4
Spleen A) *
Stomach 2B ,
Tear B
Thigh
Throat OC' 2 [4'
Thumb .)1 7
Tongue ()!
Tooth
Urine A
Vagina R1
 Voice G >
Womb :'?
Wrist p ?
Toes / K M>
Tonsil 23 C
Veins ?E &
Waist T
Wrinkles )[

Relatives
Father .<
Mother /<
Brother {<
Sister x <
Younger-brother ->o {o
Cousin :
Son
Foster brother ) ) {o
Uncle :
Nephew x < {<
Grand-father [
Grand-son J
Husband ZE3
Step father /o ZE3
Step mother .o %E3
Step brother /o ZE3
Step sister /o ZE3 x4
Elder brother 9o {o
The only son ' m
Daughter x4
Foster-sister ) ) x o
Aunt )
Niece x o 4 {o 4
Grand-mother 2[
Grand-daughter 2 J
Wife %E3
Fiancé 8,
Fiancée ,

Diseases
Abscess Z
Asthma ?
Blister = 5
Bronchitis L BQ .)1U
Catarrh /)93
Cold 2E
 Constipation )!
Deafness • *
Diabetes 0 F! A F! z
Dumbness y < :F <
Dyspepsia :N
Feel the pulse f 4 ) y)!'
Fever "'
Freckles HI
Gastric trouble B CFS
Goiter 5? 2 - : N
Insomnia &?<
Itching r'
Lameness YB
Leprosy / %z
Anaemia / K
Baldness MC>
Bleeding V I
Cataract )
Cholera F
Colic t-
Cough A)B
Diagnosis t S RC
Diarrhea A)1
Dysentery ?)'3
Eczema •0 C% z € ) 9<
Epilepsy P >
Fistula ? )I
Gleet 3 J .)!4
Gonorrhea (
Headache P >
Indigestion :N !
Inflammation .)1U
Jaundice ()5
Laxative R1!
Lumbago 1; RJ < L L T : <
Measles T'
Palpitation 2 5E ! 8CK ()KJ
Plague ( )*
Plethora / 2 E
Polio A)J*o RCQ
Rheumatism / ) E?
Small pox 0? [
Sore throat 2 [4 .)1U
Sun stroke X Q
Tonsils OC ) 3
Malaria )?
 Pain :<
Paralysis RCQ
Pimple 2 $
Pneumonia @? G j
Prescription •8 , R 5 V > E € J>E
Pus 5
Sciatica L9? 8TB
Sprain U
Syphilis 0
Toothache ! M%E
Tuberculosis R!
Vomit u5

Fruits and Vegetables

Acorn ~ C
Apple =)J
Arum V C
Beans ) A ) >)
Cabbage V JC
Cashewnut 23
Almond 3
Apricot HS
Banana 3
Beet root [4 ? %
Carrot ? %
Cauliflower h I 5
Cucumber ?)
Dates
Fig
Gourd 5
Greens N
Kernel 8
Lemon (
Mango )[4
Mulberry G
Orange A)K
Pea m3)
Pear i $9
Pistachio OU!
Pomegranate ()
Radish R[
Rind 2 S5
Skin 2 S5 C%
Stone [' 2 I
Vine 9
Watermelon ],
 Cocoanut 41 23 %
Earth nut(ground nut) L ?o & 4
Ginger R [I3
Grapes 84
Guava [
Melon /) Q ] ,
Onion RT
Peach {
Pine 4>
Potato X*),
Pumpkin 4 ,K
Quince R% J!
Raisin 8 3
Raspberry O CB G
Spinach ]I)
Tomato :*) *
Turnip xJ
Walnut 23 %
Wild fig 4U

Clothes, Dresses, Ornaments

Anklet A) C LC')F
Armlet ?
Bodice ?>
Bow KC' y 5
Breeches ( C,4 A E
Brooch 4 C y
Button-hole ?3 U
Chain 5 C!C
Clip >)T5 M,K & *
Collar 5)
Ear ring n
Embroidered 3 ,
Fez • *
Frock 2 )
Garters .? [C ~) ? , ?<
Gloves 3)J5
Hat B5
Knickers ( !C9
Muffler P)45 ?)
Napkin R 4
Neck-tie O4B , ?
Over coat Y,B
Patch B5?
Petticoat C 2? 4
Pocket 8%
 Apron ),+ ? ‚
Bangles ?E) <
Bead 23
Bracelets ?E) <
Brocade 3 , •) 5
Calico ( o) hK4 /) •) 5
Chemise )!4C LC t 5
Coat Y,B 2 U
Cushion 2) E
Embroidery 3 ,
Fur E
Garland R C9
Girdle )I3 / '
Gown ?
Jacket x 9)%
Lace C[ : ~) ?
Muslin O 5? L4,5 b !I 6 C> •)Q
Necklace 2 5 K
Nose ing YI< KC'
Pantaloon ( C,4
Pattons )
Pillow-case 2 X9
Quilt N V)
Ring :)
Shawl A)Q
Shoe '
Skirt 2? 4
Socks .? %
Stockings .? %
Trousers AE
Turban )
Veil .)[' M5
Ribbon h Q
Scarf =)QE
Shirt t 5
Silk '
Sleeve :9
Stay S
Sweater 3 C
Towel JS4
Tulle 0 ' b !I
Uniform L ? 03
Velvet R J ,5
 Young Ones
Bear .
Boar 4
Cat ,5
Cow 2 K
Dog 8C9
Duck ,
Eagle !I
Elephant R
Fox 8CB\
Frog J
Goat )
Goose 23E<
Cub G -> R Q
Kitten 2
Calf R[
Puppy E %
Duckling 2 -> ,
Eaglet .)KB {
Tadpole P JN {
Kid RJ*
Gosling 3Eo {
Hare 0 8I?<
Hen %)%
Horse ()T'
Lion <
Sheep VE
Tiger I
Wolf 8@j
Leveret 8I?o ->
Chicken Z)%

Time
January LI)$ ( I)9ƒ )4
February ~) Qƒ
March ? j|ƒy?)
April ()! IƒR <
June ( 'ƒ I
July 3 ƒ
August .| ƒ X,!+<
September A C<ƒ U
October AEo S ƒ U9<
November LI)$ S ƒ I
December LI)$ ( I)9 ƒ !
Winter )UQ
Summer Y>
 Spring M ?
Autumn Y
Rains ?), <
Season : RT
Good morning =) >
Good afternoon )!
Good evening )!
Good bye ! M
good night 2 B C
Second I)\
Minute K5
Hour )
Day /
Morning =) >
Afternoon 1; B
Evening )!
Night C
Today /
Mid night R C YTU4
To night C CC
Yesterday X<
Tomorrow l+
Week P <
Month 1Q
Fortnight ) S B ?< ƒ () <
Year 4
Half year 4! YTI
Century ( 5
Moment 2 U ;
Dawn [
Day break ?)14 ' U 7
Sunrise X S &E Q
Sunset X S .E +
Day after tomorrow + B
Last night X< C
Day before yesterday X < AE<
Instant L) 1S ?)% 0? ;
Proximo L )U 1S
Ultimo L ) 1S
Present L )' )
Past L )
Future R KU!
Period 1 TB 2 U
a.m. )l ') >
p.m. l )!
Saturday x!
 Sunday 'o
Monday 4\7
Tuesday )\ $
Wednesday )B ?o
Thursday X
Friday B[
( ) ---------> ( )

! " # (a)
( ) ---------> ( ) - ( all )
( ) ---------> ( ) - ( awl )

( ) ---------> ( ) - ( allowed )
( ) ---------> ( ) - ( aloud )

( ! "#! ) ---------> ( $% ) - ( alter )

( & ' ( ) ) ---------> ( $% ) - ( altar )

( * &" + ) ---------> ( , - ) - ( away )

( 23 4 %& . / 01 ) ---------> ( , - ) - ( aweigh )

( # ! 50& ! ) ---------> ( 6#78 ) - ( accept )

( &" 93 $ ! ) ---------> ( 6#78 : ) - ( eccept )

( ;< : ) ---------> ( - ) - ( ad )
( = >! ?! ) ---------> ( - ) - ( add )

( = @$! = @A! ) ---------> ( 6 & ) - ( adapt )

( B3#$! ) ---------> ( 6 & ) - ( adopt )

( C $! ! ) ---------> ( 7D!: ) - ( ail )

( E * & F 2+?%& ) ---------> ( 7D!: ) - ( ale )

( G& H ) ---------> ( !: ) - ( air )

( ; #I #I ) ---------> ( !: ) - ( ere )
! " # (b)
( 5! >! , ! ) ---------> ( 6 ) - ( bait )
( J ! K4 !) ---------> ( 6 ) - ( bate )

( L 1"'3 ) ---------> ( , ) - ( brae )

( 5 ME 5M3! ) ---------> ( , ) - ( bray )

( & 0 .1 %& ) ---------> ( C! ) - ( brake )

( @! ) ---------> ( C! ) - ( break )

( N#O ) ---------> ( "! ) - ( bread)

( PD 0 "D% ) ---------> ( "! ) - ( bred )

( "% 9#Q ) ---------> ( , ) - ( boy )

( R +! 4S! ) ---------> ( , ) - ( buoy )

( *@% ) ---------> ( 6
D ) - ( but )
( . ?T%& Q U"H) ---------> ( 6 D ) - ( butt )

( , $T! ) ---------> ( , ) - ( buy )

( 2S/& VE ? ) ---------> ( , ) - ( by )
( 9 0 9#E ) ---------> ( , ) - ( bye)

( 4@! ! ) ---------> ( ) - ( bail)

( . Q 2 1 ) ---------> ( ) - ( bale)

( >! 54 ! ) ---------> ( 6 78 ) - ( beat )

( 1"3 JF ) ---------> ( 6 78 ) - ( beet )

( % Q 0 ) ---------> ( * ) - ( bean )
( ; ) ---------> ( * ) - ( been )

( " ! ; @! ) ---------> ( 9 D ) - ( be)

( 2J'E ) ---------> ( 9
D ) - ( bee)
 ( 23 4/ 90 ! / ) ---------> ( W ) - ( berth )
( "% ) ---------> ( W ) - ( birth )

( ." ) ---------> ( 6! ) - ( bight )

( 2> 2 >I X> ! ) ---------> ( 6! ) - ( bite )

( Y43! VM! ) ---------> ( J ) - ( blew)

( Z1 [& ; J%& ) ---------> ( J ) - (blue )

( G 3'E& G& $%& ) ---------> ( ) - ( bow )

( 0 * \ ) ---------> ( ) - ( bough )

! " # (c)
( $%&' # ( ) ) ---------> ( * , + ) - ( cent)
( /, - . /,$0 ) ---------> ( * ,
+ ) - ( sent)

( 12 - ) ---------> ( 3
- ,+ ) - ( censor)
( 4 56 ) ---------> ( 3 - ,+ ) - ( censer)
( 7 38 9 ) ) ---------> ( 3 - ,
+ ) - ( sensor)

( :;68 ) ---------> ( / , ) - ( cereal )

(< . /3 3 ) ---------> ( / , ) - ( serial)

( 3 ) ---------> ( = > ) - ( climb)

( ? ) ---------> ( = > ) - ( clime)

( @ ' A 3 . B ) ---------> ( *C , ) - ( cite)

( D . ' A ) ---------> ( *C , ) - ( sight)
( E2; ) ---------> ( *C , ) - ( site)

( F G &0 =H * &0 # ) ---------> ( I-9 ) - ( cousin)

( F " . J'5 ) ---------> ( I-9 ) - ( cozen )

( K ) ---------> ( L ) - ( creak)
( . F&') K M G ) ---------> ( L ) - ( creek )

(E N . 1 K ) ---------> ( 7& ) - ( cross)

( 7& 4 : O ) ---------> ( 7& ) - ( crosse )
 ( P6D ) ---------> ( /@-6 ,+ ) - ( symbal )
( $ ) ---------> ( /@-6 ,
+ ) - ( symbol)

(=;N. 9$ ) ---------> ( $' ) - ( calendar)

( R$; S T0 QQ D ) ---------> ( $' ) - ( calender)

( :; . H' ) ---------> ( ' ; ) - ( called )

( U 9 . V ) ---------> ( ' ; ) - ( cold)

( <W ; ) ---------> ( /N ) - ( cattle)

(< X ) ---------> ( / @+ ) - ( kettle)

( Y ) ---------> ( * ) - ( cant)
(E 3 % ) ---------> ( * ) - ( can't = cannot )

( G . # , <Z Z [ ) ---------> ( /@+, ) - ( cell)

( E 6 ) ---------> ( /@+, ) - ( sell )

( ' 9;) ) ---------> ( ; ; ) - ( coco)

( & ) ---------> ( ; ; ) - ( cocoa)

( < ' ' ) ---------> ( #C ; ) - ( coin)

( 'N& ) ---------> ( #C ; ) - ( coign)

( U " / '\ ) ---------> ( &; ) - ( coo)

( :> ) ---------> ( &; ) - ( coup)

( ] 3,.^ . / 6, ) ---------> ( 7$; ) - ( course)

( _)0 . #AG ) ---------> ( 7$; ) - ( coarse)

! " # (d)
( ! ) ---------> ( ,& ) - ( die)
( ]# ! ) ---------> ( ,& ) - ( dye)

( BT+$! ^) $! ) ---------> ( *!& ) - ( dine)

( ."_ . %& ` I ) ---------> ( *!& ) - ( dyne)

( 2 #a ) ---------> ( ) - ( doe)
 ( 3 ? ) ---------> ( ) - ( dough)

( 1 "%& ) ---------> ( % ) - ( dollar)

( ;N_ B/ ) ---------> ( % ) - ( dolour)

(2 ) ---------> ( ) - ( dose)
( ` +E ) ---------> ( ) - ( doze)

( * " X!"I R&" $/& do ) ---------> ( 6/ ) - ( dost)

( ^ %& 1 1 #\ ) ---------> ( 6/ ) - ( dust)

( ;&NO "/ ) ---------> ( R& ) - ( dam)

( *!"A! *+J! ) ---------> ( R& ) - ( damn)

( ; #%[& 2 3Q 23#J ) ---------> ( , ! ) - ( dairy)

( 2 ! . @4 ) ---------> ( , !& ) - ( diary)

( N!N ) ---------> ( ! ) - ( dear)

( 9#a &N\ ) ---------> ( ! ) - ( deer)

( 2 3 . 0 ) ---------> ( N / ) - ( decease)
( b ) ---------> ( N / ) - ( disease)

( G& 'Q _ ! ) ---------> ( 1N! ) - ( desert)

( R +S%& "+ ^ J_ 2M 0 ) ---------> ( 1N! ) - ( dessert)

( ^"E ) ---------> ( ! ) - ( dew)

( d< V & *! cc 5'$ A ) ---------> ( ! ) - ( due)

! " # (e)
( . F 2?+E ) ---------> ( ! ) - ( ewe)
( *$E X$E 6 8 E 6e E ) ---------> ( ! ) - ( you)
( 2! 3 %& 2J 4%& * . > %& 2 f& . ?F ) ---------> ( ! ) - ( ywe)

( I 1 V @! 93?! ) ---------> ( ;1: ) - ( earn)

( . M %& , T%& g4'% X h 9E"+ G BL %& 1 g4'% . ) ---------> ( ;1: ) - ( urn
 )

( 2 E i ) ---------> ( 6!: ) - ( eight)

( ) ---------> ( 6!: ) - ( ate)

! " # (f)
( %& . ?F ) ---------> ( 0 ) - ( fir)
( G& 0 ) ---------> ( 0 ) - ( fur)

( W \ ) ---------> ( 9J0 ) - ( flea)

( H ) ---------> ( 9J0 ) - ( flee)

( * 'j ) ---------> ( 1 <0 ) - ( flour)

( . H ) ---------> ( 1 <0 ) - ( flower)

( ," J ; 0 j ) ---------> ( J0 ) - ( floe)

( 50"$! ) ---------> ( J0 ) - ( flow)
( 1 j ) ---------> ( J0 ) - ( flew)
( &NE J4E[& ) ---------> ( J0 ) - ( flu)
( 2 f& H . 3I 23O" ) ---------> ( J0 ) - ( flue)

( kSO ) ---------> ( 0 ) - ( foul)

( j ) ---------> ( 0 ) - ( fowl )

( " ?$! ) ---------> ( N! 0 ) - ( freeze)

( C / 90 Q l E ) ---------> ( N! 0 ) - ( frieze )

(1 V\ ! ) ---------> ( * 0 ) - ( fain)
( H m$! ) ---------> ( * 0 ) - ( feign)

( G \: 6H ) ---------> ( 63 0 ) - ( faint)
( &"O ) ---------> ( 63 0 ) - ( feint)

( 1"I ) ---------> ( 6 0 ) - ( fate)

(; M 2 % ) ---------> ( 6 0 ) - ( fete)
 ( b + Z / ) ---------> ( 0 ) - ( fair)
( . ) ---------> ( 0 ) - ( fare)

(; %& "3 '%& %: ) ---------> ( ; 0 ) - ( faun )

( $! ) ---------> ( ; 0 ) - ( fawn)

( . ik ) ---------> ( 6 0 ) - ( feat)
( R&"I ) ---------> ( 6 0 ) - ( feet )

( JI ) ---------> ( 0 ) - ( few)
( 2TH"J% 1" ! Q ) ---------> ( 0 ) - ( phew)

( "?! ) ---------> ( "3! 0 ) - ( find)

( 2 % 2 & \ h ) ---------> ( "3! 0 ) - ( fined )

! " # (g)
( 2 & ) ---------> ( 6 I ) - ( gate )
( 2 T ) ---------> ( 6 I ) - ( gait )

( "I ) ---------> ( 6! I ) - ( grate )

( X m ) ---------> ( 6! I ) - ( great )

( ,D F ) ---------> ( I ) - ( girll )
( ; #> %& * N _ ) ---------> ( I ) - ( girlle )

( n kL * E ) ---------> ( ; I ) - ( groan )
( E E ) ---------> ( ; I ) - ( grown)

( f& ) ---------> ( 6 I ) - ( guest )

( 1N_ *D O ) ---------> ( 6 I ) - ( guessed )

( C %& " % ( 1 M ) ---------> ( U I ) - ( gaff )

( 2% 2SJ\ ) ---------> ( U I ) - ( gaffe )

( 2_ ` I ) ---------> ( l I ) - ( gauge )
 ( *H1 ,"'$J% N 1 ) ---------> ( l I ) - ( gage )

( VH)% 9JS! ) ---------> ( "J I ) - ( gild )

(2+ 2 E ) ---------> ( "J I ) - ( guild )

( 2 #Ho 2I1 ) ---------> ( 6J I ) - ( gilt )

( VEo R ) ---------> ( 6J I ) - ( guilt )

( 2> #%& b ) ---------> ( N JI ) - ( glair )

( lH ) ---------> ( N JI ) - ( glare )

]8> :

R ! 8 .

! " # (h)
( 5T! 6'3! ) ---------> ( H ) - ( hew )
( Mm @F ) ---------> ( H ) - ( hue )

( ?+$ ! ) ---------> ( , H ) - ( hie )

( 9% ) ---------> ( , H ) - ( high )

( p T%& BJ +! h ) ---------> ( XH ) - ( him )

( 93! " TE L L ) ---------> ( XH ) - ( hymn )

( BJ ) ---------> ( ! H ) - ( higher )
( k$ ! ) ---------> ( ! H ) - ( hire )

( , / k# ) ---------> ( 1 H ) - ( hoard )
(2 2J #I ) ---------> ( 1 H ) - ( horde )

( *TO q ) ---------> ( `1 H ) - ( hoarse )

( ; _ ) ---------> ( `1 H ) - ( horse )

( V i ) ---------> ( H ) - ( hole )
( 2D J R $% ) ---------> ( H ) - ( whole )
 ( B0 + ) ---------> ( H ) - ( hale )
( V _ L 2 'L ) ---------> ( H ) - ( hail )

( !r& ;& _ ) ---------> ( 1 H ) - ( hart )

( VJI ) ---------> ( 1 H ) - ( heart )

( , VE1 ) ---------> ( He ) - ( hare )

( +eF ) ---------> ( He ) - ( hair )
( ! ) ---------> ( 78H ) - ( hear )
( 3H ) ---------> ( 78H ) - ( here )

( *#L qI ) ---------> ( , H ) - ( hay )

( 2 '$J% +$ L ) ---------> ( , H ) - ( hi )
(V?+$%& s $%& n #$Er& 64J% U $H ) ---------> ( 9 H ) - ( hey )

( B4T! ) ---------> ( H ) - (heal )

( R" %& V+ ) ---------> ( H ) - (heel )

( 2 3 2 / ) ---------> ( 1 ) - ( hour )
( 3$Q O 3@J ) ---------> ( 1 ) - ( our )

! " # (i)
( ) ---------> ( ) - ( indiscreet )
( ) ---------> ( ) - ( indiscrete )

( ) ---------> ( ) - ( incite )
( !" # ! ) ---------> ( ) - ( insight )

! " # (j)
( $% &'( ) ) ---------> ( * + ) - ( jam )
( , - ! . / 0% ! ) ---------> ( * + ) - ( jamb )
! " # (k)
( 1234 1 5 /6 ) ---------> ( 78 ) - ( knob)
( 9:; < ! 1 = ! $ %> ) ---------> ( 78 ) - ( nob)

( 1234 , /6 '? ) ---------> ( 8 ) - ( knobble)

(@ : ' ) ---------> ( 8 ) - ( nobble)

( A B> /6 ) ---------> ( DC ) - ( knot)

( E F ) ---------> ( DC ) - ( not)
( 1 G ? H ! IG+ '? ) ---------> ( DC ) - ( nut)

( J52 K 2 ) ---------> ( LG8 ) - ( know)

( F ) ---------> ( LG8 ) - ( no)

( M # ) ---------> ( NDOP ) - ( key)

(Q 5 R ) ---------> ( NDOP ) - ( quay)

( -0S ) ---------> ( L- ) - ( knap)

( 1 G5 4 54 *G ) ---------> ( L- ) - ( nap)

( G ! @T : ! ) ---------> ( LU DO ) - ( knave)
( -F, 5 >G ) ---------> ( LU DO ) - ( nave)

(V W ) ---------> ( DO ) - ( knead)
( X # ) ---------> ( DO ) - ( need)

( JO5D6 K
C C6
C ) ---------> ( G ) - ( knew)
( +) ---------> ( G ) - ( new)

( <> % ) ---------> ( ) - ( knight)

( ) ---------> ( ) - ( night)

( /2 &B ) ---------> ( O ) - ( knit)

( ' ! 15 / ! ) ---------> ( O ) - ( nit)
! " # (L)
(Y ! 14>, ) ---------> ( LU ) - ( leaf)
( Z 7 Q6 ) ---------> ( LU ) - ( lief)
( K! ! I + [" ) ---------> ( LU ) - ( leave)

( \;> ) ---------> ( LV ) - ( leak)

( ]! ! Y ) ---------> ( LV ) - ( leek)

( 9B # T # -0 ) ---------> ( ^_ ) - ( lie)
( [GB ! $ N5/ ! `G5 ) ---------> ( ^_ ) - ( lye)

( 1 2; @ % ) ---------> ( LJO ) - ( limb)

( &3: J ) ---------> ( LJO ) - ( limn)

( a+ >! % - ( ) ---------> ( L*F ) - ( lam)

( C !J C ) ---------> ( L*F ) - ( lamb)

( 9B b T b -0P ) ---------> ( LQ F ) - ( lain)

( c N6 % ) ---------> ( LQ F ) - ( lane)
( & Z &Z ) ---------> ( LQ F ) - ( line)

( d! (Z 1 S6 > ) ---------> ( L[G8D ) - ( lawn)

( 4 1 5 ) ---------> ( L[G8D ) - ( loan)

( N/5# M 3 -0P ) ---------> ( L^F ) - ( lay)

( R6 d! (Z 1 S6 > ) ---------> ( L^F ) - ( ley)

( 1 S6 > R6 d! (Z ) ---------> ( NO ) - ( lea)

( \ ! Q6 -GW e,f ) ---------> ( NO ) - ( lee)

! " # (m)
(U S! S ! 6 ) ---------> ( L ;> ) - ( marshal )
( NB ^ 6 ) ---------> ( L ;> ) - ( martial )
 ( 7+ @ 4 ) ---------> ( V ) - ( mask )
( [G2 /8 ` 3Bg 41 ) ---------> ( V ) - ( masque )

( : -! ; ) ---------> ( L DO ) - ( mead )
( d!=+ f% ) ---------> ( L DO ) - ( meed )

( / N2 dN T $ c, 15 G ! & G ! ) ---------> ( LQ DO ) - ( mean )

( hi 125 ) ---------> ( LQ DO ) - ( mien )

( !G J ) ---------> ( L DO ) - ( meat )
( B / N/#5 ) ---------> ( L DO ) - ( meet )
( J:(b 9 ! @IG ) ---------> ( L DO ) - ( mete )

( [ 2 ) ---------> ( # ) - ( metal )
( 1 j X!= A S ) ---------> ( # ) - ( mettle )

(M ! R ( ! ) ---------> ( [>G ) - ( morn )

( - ) ---------> ( [>G ) - ( mourn )

(M ! W% ) ---------> ( >G ) - ( morning )

( T! T! ! -Gk ) ---------> ( >G ) - ( mourning )

($? 8 ) ---------> ( L LDO ) - ( made )

( 1 T Z ) ---------> ( L DO ) - ( maid )

( P0 P" ) ---------> ( L DO ) - ( male)

( B @>T ) ---------> ( L DO ) - ( mail)

([ !K 68 ) ---------> ( LQ DO ) - ( mane)
( N > ) ---------> ( LQ DO ) - ( main)

( Kl b 1/ & ) ---------> ( ) - ( manner )

( 16>= 1B=6 ) ---------> ( ) - ( manor )

( K> 4G# ! ) ---------> ( # ) - ( mantel )

( # d 6 -W d3 4G# ! K> Km ) ---------> ( # ) - ( mantle )

( 1 m6 J#Z = > ) ---------> ( n> ) - ( mark )

( @G 1P> ) ---------> ( n> ) - ( marque )
 (o @ 3# ! ) ---------> ( ) - ( might )
( 1)6 <G ) ---------> ( ) - ( mite )

( ? / ! ^G k ) ---------> ( ) - ( minor )
( Q 2# B '#S ! * ' g! @>!I ) ---------> ( ) - ( miner )

( Qp ) ---------> ( [G8 ) - ( moan )

( =l + $C 34 ) ---------> ( [G8 ) - ( mown )
( 4 ) ---------> ( [G8 ) - ( moon )

! " # (n)
(F ) ---------> ( LQC ) - ( none )
( 1 j!> ) ---------> ( LQC ) - ( nun )

( F ) ---------> ( NO ) - ( nay )
( 15 6 qq !0P TG G ! ) ---------> ( NO ) - ( nee )
([ ! qq h ) ---------> ( NO ) - ( neigh )

! " # (o)
( "G ! ) ---------> ( P Y, ) - ( out cast )
( H : "G ! ^ h ! o# 1 i ) ---------> ( b, ) - ( outcaste )

! " # (p)
( *m ) ---------> ( E B ) - ( peace )
( 1234 ) ---------> ( E B ) - ( piece )

( X, + 1 4 ) ---------> ( V B ) - ( peak )
( i ! E5#: ) ---------> ( V B ) - ( peek )
( P 7( d # ! ) ---------> ( V B ) - ( pique )
 ( Q > ^l,T U 4 ) ---------> ( B ) - ( peal )
( $5: S
l / ) ---------> ( B ) - ( peel )

( 734 TG 6 ) ---------> ( `G8B ) - ( pole )

( @! #Z! G b ) ---------> ( `G8B ) - ( poll )

( G# N5 ) ---------> ( L^C B ) - ( pray )

(1 % 1 c 1 ) ---------> ( L^C B ) - ( prey )

( H ! 1% ) ---------> ( NbGB ) - ( puttee )

( [GW2 ) ---------> ( NbGB ) - ( putty )

( J ) ---------> ( LQL B ) - ( pain )

( N+ +I MG ) ---------> ( LQL B ) - ( pane )

( 3 G T ) ---------> ( L DL B ) - ( pail )
( 7 ; j B ) ---------> ( L DL B ) - ( pale )

( Q # k! Q #234 ^ qq X,I ) ---------> ( L B ) - ( pair )

( S/ ^ 8 ) ---------> ( L B ) - ( pare )
( r + e ) P ) ---------> ( L B ) - ( pear )

( UP 7 : B [!G ) ---------> ( IGB ) - ( paws )

( [G U4Gb #% ) ---------> ( IGB ) - ( pause )

( [ ) ---------> ( EC 5B ) - ( place )
( V ! Q @G ) ---------> ( EC 5B ) - ( plaice )

( \c!, & h ) ---------> ( QL 5B ) - ( plain )

( s G# 7 ! W; ) ---------> ( QL 5B ) - ( plane )
( N B J > 13 Z 13Z 1 ) ---------> ( QL 5B ) - ( plan )

( >!06 ) ---------> ( = 5B ) - ( pleas )

(dS Nc t V5(% Q ) ---------> ( = 5B ) - ( please )

( uG: ! ) ---------> ( J5DLB ) - ( plum )

( *b& ! , >! W ! 1 /# ! [ # F !T P ) ---------> ( J5DLB ) - ( plumb )
 ! " # (q)
( ( JL .1 F: ) ---------> ( ) - ( cue )
( 20 4 ` 3%& * 2 ? ) ---------> ( ) - ( queue )

! " # (r)
( 12+! \ / b ) ---------> ( G > ) - ( review )
( 6 Z N ) ---------> ( G > ) - ( revue )

( * PI ) ---------> ( *,> ) - ( rheum )

( 1% ) ---------> ( *,> ) - ( room )

( 1 % 4 $W ) ---------> ( LJ !> ) - ( rhyme )

( $ /? ) ---------> ( LJ !> ) - ( rime )

(Q \ ? ) ---------> ( L !> ) - ( right )

( N T E/ ) ---------> ( L !> ) - ( rite )
( $ ? !0P 7b P !0P ) ---------> ( L !> ) - ( wright )
( 7# ) ---------> ( L !> ) - ( write )

( 1/5 Jb Z <! + 16G W Q > ) ---------> ( L > ) - ( ring )

( ^G5 -02 2 ) ---------> ( L > ) - ( wring )

( ) ---------> ( T,> ) - ( road )

( 7P> ) ---------> ( T,> ) - ( rode )
( Nc!>v < / 7 5? ) ---------> ( T,> ) - ( rood )
( QSZ w% N ! B * Z ) ---------> ( T,> ) - ( rude )

( 1+>T [
l > ) ---------> ( >C ) - ( rung )
( -06 6 eG ) ---------> ( >C ) - ( wrung )

( N5? ^>0+ ) ---------> ( PT!> ) - ( radical )

( N W ! 08W ! ) ---------> ( PT!> ) - ( radicle )

( d #; 3 ) ---------> ( QL > ) - ( rain )

(J ) ---------> ( QL > ) - ( reign )
 ( T!GW ! [ 6 ) ---------> ( QL > ) - ( rein )

( R56 H 3 H ) ---------> ( -!> ) - ( rap )

( U5 ) ---------> ( -!> ) - ( wrap )

( 12; ) ---------> ( = >C ) - ( rays )

( 8 ) ---------> ( = >C ) - ( raze )

( / ) ---------> ( > ) - ( read )

( x 1 y 1 4 1 / G ) ---------> ( > ) - ( reed )

( >! /# ! 1 !> *G ) ---------> ( L > ) - ( rest )

( K l @=# ^G5 ) ---------> ( L > ) - ( wrest )

( 1 z, >,T ) ---------> ( L`,8> ) - ( role )

( X # 1 G3: ) ---------> ( L`,8> ) - ( roll )

( >0+ ? ) ---------> ( LY,8 > ) - ( root )

( V5 ) ---------> ( LY,8 > ) - ( route )

! " # (s)
( K0W8 N 5Z K!0W ) ---------> ( L D/DL ) - ( scull )
( 1 W + ) ---------> ( L D/DL ) - ( skull )

( h # ) ---------> ( = ) - (sighs )
( JW ) ---------> ( = ) - ( size )

( #/ \B0 ) ---------> ( ^m ) - ( slay )

( 5W ! 1 P ) ---------> ( ^m ) - ( sleigh )

( @! Z ) ---------> ( m ) - ( sleight )
( K :# ! =j ) ---------> ( m ) - ( slight )

( 2 T ) ---------> ( `G8 ) - ( sole )

( M,> ) ---------> ( `G8 ) - ( soul )
 ( N !G .2B ) ---------> ( JC? ) - ( some )
($ W! ? {5 ) ---------> ( JC? ) - ( sum )

( QB! ,) ---------> ( LQ?C ) - ( son )

( E ; ) ---------> ( LQ?
C ) - ( sun )

( Q :b fb ) ---------> ( V L ) - ( spec )
( >" 12/B ) ---------> ( V L ) - ( speck )

( Qj! b, ) ---------> ( V # ) - ( stake )

(J 1 ; ) ---------> ( V # ) - ( steak )

( X>T ) ---------> ( L # ) - ( stair )

( 5 ) ---------> ( L # ) - ( stare )

( J /# \ ? ) ---------> ( L # ) - ( straight )
( c 6 ) ---------> ( L # ) - ( strait )

(1; * Z ) ---------> ( G ) - ( suite )

( -06 G5 ) ---------> ( G ) - ( sweet )

( E P 7 + ) ---------> ( n ) - ( sac )
( 1 : ! Q K ? E P ) ---------> ( n ) - ( sack )

(1 ! @! ; ) ---------> ( L O ) - ( sail )
( $ B ) ---------> ( L O ) - ( sale )

( /2 ! J 5 `G/2 ) ---------> ( LQL O ) - ( sane )

( 1 :c ? 1 ; ) ---------> ( LQL O ) - ( seine )

( S ) ---------> ( G8 ) - ( saw )
( & : ) ---------> ( G8 ) - ( sew )
( | ! + !0 j , V 0P ) ---------> ( G8 ) - ( so )
( ) @>= ) ---------> ( G8 ) - ( sow )

( B ) ---------> ( NDO ) - ( sea )

( e ) ---------> ( NDO ) - ( see )
 ( A Z 1 ) ---------> ( LJ O ) - ( seam )
( hi , ) ---------> ( LJ O ) - ( seem )

(1 JS 1 !> JS ! ) ---------> ( L O ) - ( scent )

( > ) ---------> ( L O ) - ( sent )

( i hS ) ---------> ( LQD O ) - ( scene )

( e > Ts B j z ) ---------> ( LQD O ) - ( seen )

( 2 ! 1 6 34 > R56 2 ! 4 ! ) ---------> ( LK DO ) - ( serf )

( # ! X!G g! ) ---------> ( LK DO ) - ( surf )

(H ) ---------> ( # ) - ( steal )
( "FG% ) ---------> ( # ) - ( steel )

( >! + , X >G 2 R4 ) ---------> ( # ) - ( stile )

( @G ^
l I ) ---------> ( # ) - ( style )

( >,T 1/ ) ---------> ( ^>G# ) - ( storey )

( 1 4 ) ---------> ( ^>G# ) - ( story )

! " # (v)
( ^T!, ) ---------> ( L %O ) - ( vale )
( # - W ) ---------> ( L %O ) - ( veil )

( U: >, ) ---------> ( LQL %O ) - ( vain )

( \ ! } Wb! T ) ---------> ( LQL %O ) - ( vane )
( H 6 >, ) ---------> ( LQL %O ) - ( vein )

! " # (w)
( [G Q ) ---------> ( 8 , ) - ( we'er = we are )
( [ (/ ! Q X ) ---------> ( L 8 , ) - ( weir )
 ( 3 ! )P 5 ) ---------> ( LY, ) - ( wet )
( ol / ) ---------> ( LY, ) - ( whet )

( N# ! ^0 ! ^ ) ---------> ( # , ) - ( which )
( ! ! ) ---------> ( # , ) - ( witch )

(Q N% 1j B R# ) ---------> ( !, ) - ( while )
( ^G' @! Z ) ---------> ( !, ) - ( wile )

( N P B :? ) ---------> ( L[, ) - ( whin )

( IG \B ) ---------> ( L[, ) - ( win )
( R# ) ---------> ( L[, ) - ( when )

( . B ) ---------> ( !, ) - ( white )
( N Q P HG5: ) ---------> ( !, ) - ( wight )

( -F,T 15W6 ) ---------> ( L , ) - ( wheel )

(- (! k T2 Z ) ---------> ( L , ) - ( weal )
( !0 B *G/ KG , 2 KG ) ---------> ( L , ) - ( we'll = we will / shall )

(Q ) ---------> ( ^, ) - ( we )
( |! + | ! + '? ) ---------> ( ^, ) - ( wee )

( N% G: d ! ) ---------> ( L L , ) - ( wade )
([
C IC ,C ) ---------> ( L L , ) - ( weighed )

( 1 :c 1B 6 ) ---------> ( LQL , ) - ( wain )

( 94 # ) ---------> ( LQL , ) - ( wane )

( i# ) ---------> ( L L , ) - ( wait )
( [I, ) ---------> ( L L , ) - ( weight )

( Z ) ---------> ( L L , ) - ( waist )
( @ c U5b ) ---------> ( L L , ) - ( waste )

( Q6 R5:b ) ---------> ( LU , ) - ( waive )

( 1+G ) ---------> ( LU , ) - ( wave )
 ( 1/ ) ---------> ( L^,C ) - ( way )
( [IG ) ---------> ( L^,C ) - ( weigh )
(Q5! ) ---------> ( L^,C ) - ( whey )

( U 2c ) ---------> ( LV , ) - ( weak )
( @G ) ---------> ( LV , ) - ( week )

( R5 E 5 ) ---------> ( ,C ) - ( wear )
(Q ) ---------> ( ,C ) - ( where )

( -Gk > c 7S6 ) ---------> ( L , ) - ( weed )

([ 56 7W .. ) ---------> ( L , ) - ( we'd = we had / would / should )

! " # (y)
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( Nc ! ) ---------> ( >G ) - ( yore )

( A B> 1 TG 2 ! ) ---------> ( n,LG ) - ( yoke )

( . ! > ? ) ---------> ( n,LG ) - ( yolk )

( !0P 2b ~ 2 KG !0P 6 KG ) ---------> ( `G8 ) - ( you'll = you will )

( Tm ! 6 ) ---------> ( `G8 ) - ( yule )

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<:

* " # ' ! =& (House and Home)

House

60,) > )& ? @A& B )C& 0D 6 ) < E()C F @<

They have built many new houses in our city.

) ,G) * 6H )"& ' & 0) ,&.

Building house needs a lot of money.

6 "& ' 7%& I J 6 ) K.

Home

L59 M N K& ? O % 0D 'P <Q .

After work, I always go home.

* C& "L SDT< R$" & .

I stay at home during the weekend.

50C U G & * Q C& * (, < *) .

 V W:

* " # ' ! =& ( Look at, Watch, and See)

Look at

(6 7 1 C ' " B*X (& Y)& Z[ *) E Y) :

Look at the picture , it is beautiful.

L+ R \+04& (& Y .

/ >+ < NJ= () " " %& 1AD * ; :

You must look at exam carefully.

/OJ E>+ FNJ= O< S .

Watch

S[ ] DK

# J "& B XU 9 "L

Do you often watch television.

^ C& 2 O0 = & D K $D

We sat there watching the match.

\ + C"& D K _ )D ) / ,&.

See

+4U (5 CG& ' & \+ [ *D

Wee can see the moon in the sky.

B " & * ",& ` O< ))%"

You can see Jon in the photograph among the crowd.

+0 " & ' \+04& * O0/ ` O< a)%" .

 7& W:

* " # ' ! =& (Lose and Miss)

(Lose)

,= :

AD O0% R b& cccc dJ& B0 R 6 "D- R + & R 0"& R ' & eff& B*X O , *)
@ O ,=& .

67 :

She lost her parents while she was very young.

\ .M Q # )5 & , ,&

He lost an eye in the accident.

W g* ) 5 ` g , ,&.

I have lost my interest in football.

,& \ # C * "D , ,&.

(Miss)

, = h ,= :

i+ j " R (& 60M0& R R , <Rf !J& <Rf _ - * $K= O< *)

b& cccccc.
 67 :

He missed the 9:30 train .

k4)& & + G, ZJ 8&

We have not seen you for long time. We have missed you.

_ , ,& R $ 0P Q[ A) _ 8&

+:

* " # ' ! =& (Between and among)

Between

' :

'4 X <'lX9 :

67 :

There is a space between you and me.

a) *) m /0
 O< '%" Between $4= @A& m =& < M =& i+ '%" )5 ' l X ' 7#< 9
" ) .

I saw something lying between the wheels of the train

+ G,& n 5' [ l X Q <+

Among

' :

$4= @A& m =& < $M =& i+ 5 o K 50" "& 9 'lX' 7#< 9

" ) .

67 :

There is a wolf among the sheep

 ===============

IMF _______intrenational monatry fund

GATT________general agreement for trad and tariff

HIPC________heavily indebted poor countries initiave

!" # $% & '(

IDA________international development association

%

GDP_________ growth domestic progress

% ) "%*

WTO________world trad organization

% %+

OECD________organization of economic,co_operation and development

% ,' ! %+

******************

inflation indicators_______-./ 01

monatry policy_______ 2 3

budget_________ * 4

undertake_______ "

long-term loans________ , % "5 6

marketing_______ "3

exchange rates________ 7 2

debt relief________ 8 9 .
 management_______ '

disbuesement of funds_______

financing________ : "%

creditors________!"; %

debtor______ 8

shares of stock________ "( < -=2

fiscal ******_________ ( / ><

assessment__________ % ( / %

sector_____ ?

deposites______@A '

facillities________ B =3

average________ &

capitalism________ %2

manor_______ C

income_______ :

,copany.firm,corporation_______ D 0

earnings_______ A "C

puplic tax_________ ( /

payment________ C"<

revenue________ '

expenditure____ < %

industrial free zone________ C E5 %

houshold sector_______ DB= 2 ?

support________-C'
 excise duty________ DB= 2 ( ;

surtax______ < ; ( ;

bankruptcy________ FB<

taxevasion______ ( ; G =

baragain______

balance______! 4

open door policcccy______ H * 2 2

" (%I C"2"

============ ===========

< ' '4 J " (%I C"% K>L

!"2 8> " 4 *M N # " (%I %I

Q (* R -3#PPP -= @O % K>=< " (%I

( N 9 # :D S#

T %
4 I*M %O
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----------------- ---------------------
SQL
Structured Query
3 2 W V*X N

DDL
Data Definition
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DML

Data Manipulation
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DB
DataBase
 * # C

DBA
DataBase Administrator
* ( C"

DBMS
DataBase Management System
* ( C " -+* 'X

ODBC
Open Database Connectivity
V * ( C " Z#

VLDB
Very Large Database
(I * ( C"

RDMD
Relational Database Management System
AB * ( C"

ORDBMS
Object-Relational Database Management System
[O" ; \ ABC * # C " 'X

LOB
Large Object Binary
O (D * #

GUI
Graphic User Interface
"2 ) . 3% =O

PL
Procedure ********
W OM N

OLAP
Online Analytical Processing
0 (% %

SGA
System Global Area
)+

PGA
Program Global Area
] (
 SID
System Identifier
)+ 7

ADO
ActiveX Data Objects
* ( X &" " ^DQ Y DQ A D

DAO
Data Access Object
* ( X &" " AD

DDE
Dynamic Data Exchange
UI &' ( AD

VBA
Visual Basic for Application
( _3 # & " < N

RDO
Remote Data Objects
( * ( # -I AD

VBS
Visual Basic Script
`* *a# . _3 # & " < N

`* *M - C U<

T %
4 I*M %O
U# % H V

WWW
World Wide Web
% "(I I(V

.com
Commercial Businesses
b @"

.edu
Higher Education
U - @"

.org
Organization
 cL Q %+ @ "

.gov
Government
"IJ @ "

.net
Network
I(V @ "

.mil
Military
I3C @ "

HTTP
Hyper**** Transfer Protocol
d :* N

HTML
Hyper**** Markup ********
d ' CX N

DHTML
Dynamic HTML
I HTML

FTP
File Transfer Protocol
% :* N

IP Address
Internet Protocol Address
`* *M Y !"C

ISP
Internet Server Provider
`* *M

W3C
World Wide Web Consortium
W V*X N %O

CGI
Common Gateway Interface
0 (%

P.P.P
Point-to Point Protocol
* X * 8 &"D" #
 TCP/IP
Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
`* *e : -I &"D" #

IIS
Internet Information Server
`* *M " )'

PWS
Personal Web Server
U .0 I(0 )'

PGP
Pretty Good Privacy
8 Q )'

ASP
Active Server Page
V )' .

SSL
Secure Socket Layer
f ( g &"D" ( Q ^( %

SET
Secure Electronic Transaction
8 h U* I M :

SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Z 3( ( : * &"D" #

NNTP
Network News Transfer Protocol
J <" \

FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
I % c2h

ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
` # " D klm ij C 3# . % I(V
 NNTP
Network News Transport Protocol
n &"D" #

POP
Post Office Protocol
U* I M ( &"D" #

SLIP
Serial Line Internet Protocol
`* *a# & B U 3 3 &"D" (

URL
Uniform Resource Locator
`* *X

IRC
Internet Relay Chat
`* *M (C o' %

TFTP
Trivial File Transfer FTP
J <" \

`* *M " (%I : # %+

T %
4 I*M %O
U# % H V

Arpanet
Advanced Research Projects Agency
% p" ( I(0

BBS
Bulletin Board System
n J" ) +*

CERT
Computer Emergency Response Team
I(V 8 Q q "5 4D

CERN
European Laboratory for Particle Physics
I(V [ < ? #Q b> ( .% -2 WWW

CIX
 Commercial Internet Exchange
`* *M C " @; %+

DDN
Defense Data Network
?< C " I(0

DOD
Department of Defense
`* *M SV*Q = Oh U I h ?< D

EFF
Electronic Frontier Foundation
321 * I M '

IAB
Internet Architecture Board
`* *M 2 L c L

IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force
`* *M & %CQ b " U2 = c L

ISOC
The Internet Society
`* *M %O

NIC
Network Information Center
I(V " 4D

NIC
Network Interface Card
I(V & #

VPN
Virtual Private Network
* I X I(0

r2 4=OQ U<

T %
4 I*M %O
U# % H V

PC
Personal Computer
U .0 r2 J
 RAM
Random Access Memory
A "V D>

ROM
Read Only Memory
Z< W Dg

CPU
Central Processing Unit
4D % % J

CD
Compact Disc
s"N/ t u

CD-R
CD Write
s"N/% t v3* u

CD-Re
CD Rewrite
s"N/% t C # I u

HD
Hard Disc
r t

MB
Mother Board
)h J"

KB
Key Board
T % J"

Kbps
Kilobits Per Second
* o :I ` # " D

r2 )" C U<

T %
4 I*M %O
U# % H V

ANSI
 American National Standards Institute
^ % I h %

UCS
Unicode World Wide Character Standard
T 7 JQ ^ %O

RGB
Red & Green & Blue
wh / h %Jh 2 ! " h

Bit
Bit
F J N Q

Byte
8 Bit = 1 Character
m `#

KB
1024 Byte = Kilobyte
kxlj ` #

MB
1024 KB Mega Byte
kxlj` # " D

GB
1024 MB Gaga Byte
kxlj ` #

TB
1024 GB Tetra Byte
kxlj ` #

VRML
Virtual Reality Markup ********
# N

API
Application Programming Interface
( ] ( =O

CLSID
Class Identifier
7" 7
l

IMS
Information Management System
 " % ) +*

IIS
Internet Information Server
`* *M * # )'

CICS
Customer Information Control System
8A #4 * # 'X ) +*

DAO
Data Access Objects
* ( &" " AD

DDE
Dynamic Data Exchange
I ' &' ( * #

DLL
Dynamic Link Library
I Z# (I

ERA
Entity Relationship Analysis
.V B :

GUID
Globally Unique Identifier
J"% U% Y

ISAPI
Internet Server API
`* *M )' . ( ] ( =O

MDAC
Microsoft Data Access Components
`<"2 I * ( &" " *"I

MDI
> EA o" ' =O Multi ******** Interface

SDI ' o"# =O Single ******** Interface

J [O g =O

MSF
 Microsoft Solution Framework
`<"2 I &" J 5X

MSMQ
Microsoft Message Queue Server
`<"2 I % :A 2 7" )'

MTS
Microsoft Transaction Server
`<"2 I & %CQ )'

OLE
Object Linking and Embedding
A I 8 %/ Z#

SMS
System Management Server
)+ )'

SNA
System Network Architecture
`* *M -+* 2 L

UDA
Universal Data Access
* ( U% &" "

ACID
Consistency Isolation and Durability
! h &4 _2 %

ADO
ActiveX Data Objects
^DQ Y DS# &" " AD

COM & COM & COM

T %
4 I*M %O
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COM DOS
Command
Q

.COM Internet
Commercial
D 0
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Component Object Model
] ( # * ( 8 %/

% 9 #' U*

T %
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Executable File
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BAT
Batch File
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Command File
QY

TXT
**** File
U *Y

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System File
) +* Y

WAV
Wave File
U" Y

MIDI
Music Instrument Digital Interface File
U " ZA 2 Y

MID
Music Instrument Digital File
U " ZA 2 Y

QT
Quick Time File
" <Y

BMP
Bitmap File
 " Y

EMF
Enhanced **** File
" Y

WMF
******s **** File
" Y

GIF
Graphic Interchange Format File
" Y

AVI
Audio Video Interleave File
" <Y

DOC
"L ' ' doc ********
' o

MDB
Microsoft Database File
* # C" Y

MPEG
Moving Pictures Experts Group File
" <Y

PIC
PC Paint
" Y

TRC
Audio Track File
t " Y

JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group File
" Y

PNG
Portable Network Graphics File
" Y

TIFF
Tagged Image File Format File
" Y
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"% % EA o" c L Portable ******** Format
" Y

MP3
MPEG-Layer3audio File
" Y

K>L 8 ! 3 -I*Q %Q

..y z{ 4 |||| *M # ||| h {zy ..

*^*^*^*^* ^*^*^*^*^*

second .. * o

minute .. '

hour .. C 2

quarter of an hour .. C 2 @#

half an hour .. C 2 Y *

day .. )"

night ..

morning .. H (

evening .. W 3

noon .. =}

afternoon ..

dawn .. <

daily .. "

midday .. = Y

midnight .. : Y

sunrise .. ^%V 0

sunset .. ^%V G \
 dusk .. E3N ~ : & Q)

twilight .. E 0

week .. ?"(2Q

weekly .. C"(2Q

fortnight .. ! C"(2Q

month .. =0

monthly .. =0

lunar monthseason .. b % =0

year.. 2

leap year .. 3 (D 2

lunar year .. . % 2

solar year .. 3%0 [ 2

annually .. %2" • "J • b" 2

yearly .. " 2

decade .. C

century .. !

8 I h 8 * ( , . ' !
========================

R W 0 !X I h * ( 8 = # €^#B% € - C U< ' % 9 # -I ) Q ` (J

" %3 3:

------------------------------

Braces I h# &O & 5h = 8 $DQ • *" ( %J UL

Suspenders
Cozzy or Swimsuit I h 4 *M # • J (3 # [# '" % Bathing suit or
Bathing custome

Dinner Jacket DS '"2Q 9 #Q€ = (2 % # . O ( =# '" %

I h # €)B<h 8 = < C -I*X Tuxedo

Dressing Gown UL I h # •G [ %3* "L Robe

Jersey , Jumper I h # Q 7" w" ( U J bQ Sweater

Nappy I h # ‚A UL Diaper

Pants I h# O : 3 UL underwear

Knickers I h# % : 3 UL panties

Suspenders D [(V % G " `($ U % L

I h # garter belts

Trainers I h# ; >Jh sneakers

Trousers I h# O *" ( pants

CUSTOMARY ABBREVATIONS

========= =======

UNESCO
---------------------

united nations educational, scintific ,and cultural organization

:
! " #$ % &

======== ========

UNICEF

-----------------

united nations children`s fund

 ' :
! ( )*+ ,- . /

======== ========

UNRWA
----------------

united nations relhef and works agency

:
) 01 23 4

========= =======

A.I.O
-----------

Amnesty International organiyation

======== =======

W.T.O
---------------

WORLD TRAD ORGANIZATION

======== ========

L.L.C
--------------

international labor organization

========= =======
 I.M.F
-----------

INTRE NATIONAL MONETARY FUND

6 # . /

======== =======

I.C.C
--------------

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBRE OF COMMERCE

5 "&3

======== ========

The Ministry of the Interior

% 7

==============

The Foreign Ministry

8 9 7

======== ========

I.C.J
----------

international court of justic

:
 H
habit handbook
habitation handcart
habitual !" handful #$ %&
hackney +! # ) *& ( ' ' handicap ./ ( ,- $ -
hail ,34 ( 0 1 2 handicapped 5 -6

hail! 7 8 & 9 # :; handkerchief

hair < -= handle > - 3-
?
hairdresser @= 5;& handler (A
hairy -B C -B handmade ? D! *
half %*2 E*2 handsome E F#
hall GH $ handwriting @I
hallucination !#G ) 'G handy G 3
ham L C3 ( F#33 J 'JK hang .B .#-
DH
hamlet MN $ H hangman 5 = ;O
hammer P! = happen * *0 Q0
hand RS E happiness H< -
< + S happy .K! H< -
hand in hand 04 hard 5= #N -N
hand money )! hardly !-*
an old hand 3- I hardness SB ;N !-N
at hand + S $ hardship 1 = !-N
Upper hand !, #- hardware T #K 0 K #* 1 O?
hare 2HU 2HU headache VU K 9U D N
harm W XY H Z heading 9[ K SKU .%2 ( + )!
harmful H Z XY headline )!
harmony 0 9M2 4 headmaster H3 \2
harvest *0 *& !*0 headmistress H3 \2
haste #[ headquarters H ] <U S
hat - $ health K 0N
hatch + AS% healthy 0*# % 0N K-

[51]
hate RM RM ^ hear M* , 3
hatred MZ ^ RM hearing ! D3 3 3
haughty _ B heart LH !O #$
[=
have ,W S a# 3 ` ^ heartily b #$ L
havoc (^ 3 SN heart-lung /H
H
hazard J J heart-lung machine N /H
c[
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J
hazel 5 [= 5 heaven V< % 1 # 13
hazel eyed - # heavenly #O de /3
hazelnut 5 c!O 5 heavy & fG = Sg
hazy R L 94 $ 9 - hectare ij B hH G
he /M 3Zk !G heel S& mJ= 3 -
l '
head A /H S VUH heir E #I n H< QH <
!S
heiress C H< g H< heirdom `K;I QHe
helicopter !3- /, ! #G hero D [= ,
hell 9 dO 9 0[ heroine #,
helmet X!I herself d - d %2
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hemi- E* -3 / hesitate E$!
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b GU
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H! ,
hence Xe )o G < hide ) ! & #O %J p J
henceforth *K )o hideous H!* F $ B
hepatic 1< hieroglyphic % #L< G
hepatitis / ! + d i high 3C L :
her l /M 3Zk d highness -KH !3 D %4H

[52]
herb T 2 B highway . ( /H .
herbal B highwayman . $ m
herbicide +B q hijackers ^ ( / E,J
HZ
herbivorous B- U hike ( ![ : $? # K
8 0
herd + ,$ hill 4
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hire O" OU OU hinder 5!- ( IY %#I
his ` `# `*J honeymoon d=
historian rHY honk H 5! .#,
historic J H"4 honour B =
history _ H"4 _ H 4 hook a B3 a B B = H
hit * + W Ne Z hope $! !O 1 OH U
hitch sO % &(aB S- H< hopeful !O tH
hobby SN ( !G hopeless ` V!s A/
hockey !d - horizon .K? / .KU
hold - a 3 a 34 hormones T 2! G
hold! a E E$ horoscope 9 [ # t< , I
hole SC 0O Sg horrible /G uK
holiday #, :! c OU horrify D %
hollow !OU E ![4 horse b !O , 3 !O ) *&
![
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homesick !# & hose )!#, ( ! +H!O ( ^ :! I
.Z
homework O < hospitable W 9
honest ;& 5 N U hospital %B
honesty 5N 2 U hospitality K W : :
honey d= 02 host v +H E W

[53]
hostel 2 + B T - hostage % v04 U GH
hostess 3 H %W humane w2 2e ( 9 &H 9
hostile 9*I / humanitarian I J# 0
hostility !*I - humanity KUH 2 2e
hot DXi J H & human kind B B A[
hot- blooded H! L K A3& humble ' X Z!
hotel )I 2 ! 5 K humid # H
hour ) <U - humidity < 2 # ! H
hourhand T + S humiliate S0 ' WJ
house x U humiliation S04 2 Ge iXe
house agent T! H 3 humorist E \ (` K a0W
housekeeper 3 )!s= humorous G a0W G K
housemaid I humorsome / !G 2
housewife 3 H humour ! H G K t
how 9 % " E hump H (:
however )U # aX < ) 3% hundred s /
howl F E*-4 ( ! ! !- 1! hunger 1 d = D!O
hub H!0 ( c< 1! 2 #[- H hungry ) !O /O
hug W& W0 hunt ,* N
huge 9 O 9JZ hunter y $ N
hum < < hurricane H* e - <c
,
human ) 2e B 2 2e hurry [- D [-
hurtful 9Y H = XY hurt XY W H Z XU
husband DH *S t<c
zH?
hush v )! v
hut r!
hydraulic /! mJ /
hydroelectric / < d
hydrogen O<H d c L
hydroponics )< H 9#

hydrophobia D N # 1

[54]
 hydrous 1 3 p# 3 /
hygiene 0* 9# ( *JB Ku
hygienic 0* f%0 m J 0N
hyperbole !#L + M
hyphen l(k N< ;
hypocrisy 1 H 5 %2
hypocrite .K
hysteria D G G
hysteric, hysteric al G [ B4

I l 2U k 9# 3 3Z ignore G[ d[
iatrogenic ill p = 1! R
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ice box 3[ c dO { O;g illegally = L< 0 S ,
ice cap [#g 93$ illegible FZ < L U S i
ice crem 4; O { 9 A ill-fated , p A02
ice cubel >#g - illiberal ( % . Z p2 J
*-
icon 2!S U illegal /O L : &
idea H { 8H e { K illiteracy ?
ideal UH # ? C3 #S illiterate U GO
identification -4 4 ' . S04 ill-natured , p A=
identify # - .S0 illness 1 z
identitiy &< 4X S S& illogical !S- L S, L
idiom H x;,N ill-starred V!0 , p
&;,N
idiomatic -Z< &;,N ill-timed ` $< L K
idiot `# U ^! - illtreat `# - p
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idleness ,-4 , illuminate %
if ! )e Xe illumination ! 4 1 !2? c
igloo $ = # ( [#g T! illusion H< L 9G<
ignite d# $! -B illustrate H!* x B

[55]
ignition -= { -=e illustration H!N !*4 x W e
ignoble ` { p2 image J H!* H!N
ignorance 1 L { dO imagery FZ < EN<
ignorant L{ U { G O imaginable S- ` He 3
imaginary 3G< # J4 impatience N: [Z #
imagination I H!*4 J4 impatient 5!B N L
imagine 9G! J imperative e U
imitate S #S imperfect :4 L m$ 2
imitation ^ 0 #S4 imperial $! H!
imitative #S4 impermeable / ^'% i
imitator #S impersonal /M MN *J= i
!d[3
immature `2 <U . >Z 2 L implant I V M !
immediately H!% # i & implication t 3W4 @ H!4
immigrant Od implicit < 3Z
immigrate Od implicitly 3Z 34
immigration Od [G implied 3Z H! ' 3Z
imminent D!$! $ a =< impolite `% +? #$
immobilize 0 vC impoliteness + U #$ O3
immoderate 0 c< [ | % importance H )"= 3GU
immoral #I K important :G ,I 9d
immortal T!3 i 5 I impossibility ) ] : 0
immortality 1S !#I impossible 3 L 0
immortalize Y #J impregnability 2 *&
immovable 8 0 i v g _ H impress # gY
immunity 2 *& 1 % e impressed by [-
impact g"4 ( A N impression D ,2 g"4
impartial ( ^ 03 9 E* impressive gY
` 2
impartiality ` 04 i *2 imprison A0 [
impassion E !- 8 0 A30 improbability 3& : 0
impassioned -% A30 improbable 3 &i -
improber `#0 L K ./i L incusion 3= 3W4
improve 0 0 F#* inclusive 3W =

[56]
improvement : S4 x;,N 04 income I e
impudence 1' & $< incomparable ` C i
impudent 1 0 #$ 1 ' F$< incomplete L m$ 2
impure A2 H'$ S2 L incomprehensible :!d% L
in- % <U 3W - %4 / incomputable 0 i - i
in #I I K inconclusive S L :c O L
inability ) e: [ inconsistent R$ E J
inaccuracy $ : @Z: inconsonant A2 [ L K
inaction !3O )! inconstant T C 9 #S
inadequacy z M 1 K! : inconvenient . W -
inadequate z M < L inconvertible !0 i M i
inadvertence *S4 3Ge incorporate &! 9W >
inanimate O 0 9 incorporation S2 ( 04 &!4
inappropriate L ./i L incorrect F 0N L ",I
inarticulate f%# FZ < L incorrupt ` 2 A%
inattention 3Ge ( T % : !d increase !3 c
inattentive v% # L K L incredible 5* i
incapable H $ L O incredulous +4 5* i
incapacity H $ : [ indebted )!
incautious #$ ( d K L indecision : &: & 4
H'0
incevise J H!J indeed ;-K S& S S0
inch N | $ N! indefinite 9d 0 L
inclose @0 3W 3B indelicate fK + ? #$
include 3W 3W 3B independence & ;S
independent .# & S industrious M= d[
indeterminate R L( 2 - L industry C K & N
index V d% V dK indffective % i [ 2;
india d ; inefficient 1E L O
indicate e B # inequality 4 4:
indicator =Y inexact |! W L
indict # 9d inexeusable H'- i
indifference i i inexistent !O! L
indifferent 0 L inexhaustible % i } % i

[57]
indigestion 3J4 9WG 1! inexpedience 0 L( 1; :
indignant 9$ 2 @I inexpensive 3C - m IH
indignity S04 2 Ge inexperienced J 9
indirect t! U ( = L inexpert G L
&
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indispose % 3 inextinct p%, L 5
indisposition H!%2 t 3 a !4 infamous /= -3 ~H
indistinct 9d FZ < L infamy H![K H 0WK
individual mJ= K mJ= infancy 3- !%
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[58]
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