Physical Science

Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Limiting and Excess Reactants
Physical Science– Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Limiting and Excess Reactants
First Edition, 2020

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 Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Limiting and Excess Reactants
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This learning module was designed to help the students to learn the key concepts of
chemical reaction focus on limiting and excess reactants. In this learning module, it
deals determining the limiting, excess reactants and the amount of product formed
in a chemical reaction. To further enhance the students’ learning different learning
activities are provided in this module. The lesson is presented in an easy way to
address the learning difficulties of the students by using language level on their
comprehension. Based on the recent study, students learn more if they are actively
engage in the textbook they are using. Through this learning module, it can help to
improve the student’ s academic achievement in this subject. With this learning
module, students can work in less supervision of the teacher.

The module is contained one lesson.

• Lesson 1 – Limiting and Excess Reactants

The most essential learning competency for this module.

Determine the limiting reactant in a reaction and calculate the amount of product
formed (S11/12PS-IIIh-27)

After going through this module, you are specifically expected to:
1. Determine the limiting reactant/reagent in a chemical reaction,
2. Understand the excess reactant/regent in a chemical reaction, and
3. Calculate the amount of product/s formed in a chemical reaction.;

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 What I Know

Identify the key term referred in each statement. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

___________________1. Substances originally present in a chemical reaction that

are used to produce products after the reaction.

_________________2. Substance produced in the chemical reaction.

_________________3. A written chemical symbol to represent the process of chemical

reaction.

_________________4. In a chemical reaction, it limits the amount of substance that

may be produced.

_________________5. A reactant which is not used up after the chemical reaction is

done.

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 Lesson
Limiting and Excess
1 Reactants
It has been assumed that all the reactants involved in a reaction have been
transformed into output or product but that is not the case in any chemical reaction.
In other words, one may choose one reactant then calculate how many moles in that
reaction and measure how many grams in that of the other reaction might be needed
to complete the chemical reaction process. Two thing you will recognize, either you
have an excess in the first reaction or in the second reaction. Therefore, the excess
amount in the reaction referred as excess reactant on the other hand, the substance
that limits in the reaction is called limiting reactant.

What’s In

You and your friends planned to have a beach picnic. They assigned you to bring
barbeque on your picnic day. You decided that each stick of barbeque has 3 slices of
pork. If you have 36 slices of pork and 10 barbeque sticks, how many barbeques can
be made?

From 36 slices of pork and 10 barbeque sticks, you can make 10 pork barbeques
because there 3 slices of pork in every stick. Although you can make more barbeques
from the remaining slices of pork, only 10 pork barbeques are possible due to limited
number of sticks available. In this scenario, sticks are the limiting reactant since it
all used up in the process. While, specifically 6 slices of pork are excess this referred
as excess reactant, simply means not used up or the left over in the entire process.

Notes to the Teacher

This learning module will help the learners to determine and
understand the limiting and excess reactant in a chemical reaction.
Furthermore, several learning activities are provided to deepen the
learners’ understanding about calculating amount of product
formed during the chemical reaction process.

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 What’s New

Limiting Reactant

In a given chemical reaction there is a limiting reagent or reactant which determines

how many products are to be produced. Limiting reactant is a substance which was
first used in a chemical reaction. This reaction always serves as the basis for
calculating the quantity of chemically formed products. How can we determine a
chemical reaction with the limiting reactant?

So let us try this!

In an experiment, suppose you have 4.5 g of Al and 2.25 g of NaCl are initially
present, find:

Al + NaCl AlCl3 + Na

a. the limiting reactant?

b. the excess reactant remains after the reaction?
c. the grams of AlCl3 are formed?

Solutions

First Step

Balanced the chemical equation.

Al + 3NaCl AlCl3 + 3Na

Second Step

Calculate the molar mass (m.m) of the reactants.

m.m Al = 27 g/mole
m.m NaCl = 58 g/mole
Na = 1 x 23 = 23
Cl = 1 x 35 = 35
58 g/moles of NaCl

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Third Step

Divide the calculated molar mass of the given element or compound from the
given mass. Then afterward, the number of moles are divided by the coefficient
indicated in the balanced chemical equation.

Al = 4.5 g = 0.167 mol

27 g/moles

NaCl = 2.25 g = 0.039 mol

58 g/moles

For Al = 0.167 mol = 0.167 mol

1

For NaCl = 0.039 mol = 0.013 mol

3

The limiting reactant is NaCl, since the calculated value is 0.013 lesser than
Al. While, aluminum (Al) shows calculated value of 0.167. Therefore, it is concluded
that aluminum (Al) is the excess reactant, since there is more than enough of it to
react with the sodium chloride (NaCl).

For letter c, at the end of the reaction, how many grams of AlCl 3 are formed? Take
note that the m.m of AlCl3 is 132 g/moles.

g of AlCl3 = 2.5 g NaCl x 1 mol NaCl x 1 mol AlCl3 x 132 g AlCl3 = 1.90 g of AlCl3
58 g NaCl 3 mol NaCl 1 mol AlCl3

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 What is It

After reading the text in What’s new. Let see how far you have learned about this
topic.

Answer the following questions. Use separate sheet of paper for your solution
and answer.

1. When 15 g CO and 8 g H2 are reacted, what is the limiting reactant?

CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O

2. If 100 g Fe2O3 and 100 g CO are reacted, how much Fe are formed?

Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

3. What is the excess reactant, when 22 g Fe reacts with 13 g of HCl?

Fe + 2HCl FeCl 2 + H2

What’s More

Calculate what is being asked. Use separate paper for your solution and answer.

Using this chemical equation.

3Na + AlCl3 3NaCl + Al

If 16 g Na and 8 g AlCl3 are allowed to react, find

a. the limiting reactant

b. the excess reactant

c. the grams of Al are formed in the chemical reaction.

CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTIENS

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 What I Have Learned

1. Limiting reactant is a reactant that limits the reaction.

2. Excess reactant is a reactant that contains one or more needed to react with
limiting reactant.
3. Product is a substance that formed during the chemical reaction.

What I Can Do

Answer the given word problems. Use another sheet of paper for your answer.

1. Write the balanced chemical equation, when magnesium is reacted with silver
nitrate forming magnesium nitrate and silver.
2. If 18 g of magnesium reacts with 33 g of silver nitrate, determine the limiting
reactant.
3. Find the excess reactant in the given reaction.
4. How much silver can be formed from the above chemical reaction?

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read and analyze each question. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Suppose your classmates will be visiting you. You decided to make burger for their
snack. You have 20 burger patties and 17 burger buns, how many burgers you can
make?
a. 20 c. 3
b. 17 d. 37
2. Based on problem 1, what is the limiting reactant?
a. burger buns c. your classmates
b. burger patties d. your budget
3. Based on problem 1, how many burger patties are extra after your preparation for
snack?
a. 0 c. 17
b. 37 d. 3

For numbers 4-10. If 68 g of Zn reacts with 27.5 g of HCl. Use the chemical equation
to answer the following questions below.

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

4. What is the molar mass of Zn?

a. 65 g/mol c. 27 g/ mol
b. 30 g/mol d. 68 g/ mol
5. What is the molar mass of HCl?
a. 2 g/mol c. 36 g/mol
b. 16 g/mol d. 68 g/mol
6. What coefficient is indicated in HCl?
a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 5
7. Which substance is limiting reactant?
a. ZnCl2 c. Zn
b. HCl d. H2
8. Which substance is excess reactant?
a. HCl c. ZnCl2
b.H2 d. Zn
9. What is the molar mass of ZnCl2?
a. 135 g/mol c. 70 g/mol
b. 65 g/mol d. 35 g/mol
10. How many grams of H2 will be produced?
a. 0.76 g c. 55 g
b. 72 g d. 27.5 g

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 Additional Activities

Answer the given problem. Use another sheet of paper for your answer and
solution.

1. Determine the limiting reactant and excess reactant, when 36 g of Al and 28.5 g
of HBr are reacted and how many grams of H 2 gas are formed?

2Al + 6HBr 2AlBr3 + 3H2

2. When 10 g of N2 and 7 g H2 are allowed to react. Determine the limiting reactant

and excess reactant in this reaction.

N2 + 3H2 2NH3

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 3
What’s New: Additional Assessment: What can I Do:
activities:
a. Limiting reactant 1. B 1. Mg + 2AgNO3 ---
= NaCl 1. Limiting reactant 2. A Mg (NO3)2 + 2Ag
b. Excess reactant = = HBr 3. D 2. AgNO3
Al Excess reactant = 4. A 3. Mg
c. 1.90 g of AlCl3 Al 5. C 4. 20.96 g Ag
H2 = 0.352 g H2 6. A
2. Limiting reactant 7. B
= N2 8. D
Excess reactant = 9. B
H2 10. A
What’s more: What is It: What’s In What I Know:
a. AlCl3 1. CO How many barbeque 1. Reactant
b. Na 2. 70 g Fe can be made? Ans. 2. Product
c. 1.64 g Al 3. HCl 10 barbeque 3. Chemical
equation
4. Limiting reactant
5. Excess reactant
Answer Key
References
Chang, R. Chemistry 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY 10029, 2005.

David, B. Study Guide to Accompany Atkits and Beran: General Chemistry

2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 41 Madison Avenue, New York, New
York 10010, 1995.

Dorin, H., Demmin, P.E., & Gabel D.L. Prentice Hall Chemistry: The Study of
Matter 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. Needham, Massachusetts Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990.

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