Reviewer : Zein Tahwiana

Student Number : F1022181026

AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL
MORPHEME

NURSHAKINA
Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia
[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The aims of this research was to analyze what kind of derivational and inflectional
process mostly used in the text and also describes what kind of affixation that are
attached in derivational and inflectional process. The researcher applied one of the
qualitative designs namely documentary research through the review process. The
writer collected and analyzed ten relevant articles from journals and websites. The
writer found that each morpheme has its function and impact the meaning, class of
word or the grammatical function of the base word and also those error. By this
paper, people know how prefixes and suffixes affect the word.

Keyword : Derivation, Inflectional, Prefix, Suffix

INTRODUCTION

Laguage could not be separated with human. Human language was framed
from a progression of word. Language was usually characterized as a sound
framework used to associate sound utilizing words and sentences and has
importance need for people to convey about their idea or sentiments. People
realize that language could not be separated from words. Words as the most
central component of language were self-assertively gave importance to
communicate thoughts. A specific example could mastermind the parts of a
language. Utilizing language in correspondence likewise implied understanding of
the word and its construction. It was critical to comprehend the utilization of
language while convey to allow the communication to run well and learning the
language construction could be considered as a decent way.

English words were shaped by morphemes which were consolidated in

different manners in changing the importance or capacity of its words (Coelho,
2004 : 98). Morphemes were characterized into three classes, for example, word
root (stem), inflectional morpheme, and derivational morpheme. In morphology,
inflectional morphology was the investigation of the morpheme that could change
grammatical function that recognizing the types of words in certain grammatical
classifications. An inflectional morpheme was for the most part a bound
morpheme which when added to the root or stem of a word didesn't bring about an
adjustment in the grammatical classification of that word. Grammatical
classification was only the grammatical feature of that word. By and large,
inflectional morphemes marked the number, individual, and sexual orientation
highlights on the things, and their concession to action words, modifiers, and so
forth in a language.

Englwash Inflectional Morpheme :

• -s (third-person singular person)

• -ed (past tense)
• -ing (progressive)
• -en (past participle)
• -s (plural)
• -‘s (possessive)
• -er (comparative)
 • -est (superlative)

Inflectional morphemes characterize certain viewpoints relating to the

linguistic capacity of a word. An inflectional morpheme was a postfix that was
added to a word (a thing, action word, descriptor, or an intensifier) to didle out a
specific grammatical property to that word, for example, its strained, number,
ownership, or examination. There were eight inflectional morphemes in the
English language as additions. There were two inflectional morphemes that could
be added to things were - 's (punctuation + s) to use the possessive case and - es to
use the plural case. There were four expressions that could be added to action
words were – ed to use the past tense, - ing to use progressive tense, - en, to use
the perfect tense, and – s, for the third person singular. There were two
expressions that could be added to descriptors were, for example, - er, for the near
structure and - est, for the standidut structure. Yule (2010) states that in
inflectional morphemes, these bound morphemes were typically not used to
deliver new words in the language, yet to use or show parts of the linguwastic
capacity of a word.

There was a similar study conducted by Tira Nur Fitria (2020) entitled
“An Analysis of Derivational and Inflectional Morpheme in Selected News From
Tempo.Co”. Thwas This research used qualitative method. The analyis analysis
shows that the derivational and inflectional morphemes found in Tempo.co as 357
words. In the study, it was showed that the inflectional did not change the
grammatical categories of words which conswasted of “-s, -‘s, -er, -est, -s, -ed,
-ing, and –en”. The suffix –s meant plural. The suffix -‘s, -s’ meant possessive.
The suffix –er meant comparative. The suffix –est meant superlative. The suffix –
ed meant past. The suffix –ing meant Ving (continuous). The suffix –en meant
participle.
 Based on the previous study, the witer was interested to conduct a research
with the similar topic but just only took the inflectional morpheme analysis. The
writer was expected to be able to find the inflectional morpheme and then tried to
classify them baseed on the grammatical aspect and gave the explanation of word
formation process. Moreover, the writer chose written text.

In writing this study, there were two questions that the writer wanted to
analyze, and they were :

1. What are inflectional morphemes found in written text?

2. How is the the word formation process after putting inflectional morpheme in
written text?

This research used qualitative approach. It was called qualitative as stated

by Ary et all (2010: 29), that was used to understand a phenomenon by focusing
on the total picture rather than breaking it down into variables. The goal was a
depth of understanding rather than a numeric analysis of data. The design of this
research focused on investigating inflectional morpheme in a short story. This
research was designed by using qualitative method in analyzing the data. In
qualitative, the researcher focuses on generating and developing descriptions and
explanations. In this case it was called as descriptive because it was to describe in
detail what were inflectional amorphemes used in written text. This research was
categorized as descriptive qualitative research since the data were taken from
words and phrases based on inflectional theory.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Katamba (1994, p.92) describes the concept between inflectional and

derivational. Inflectional is related to syntactic rules predictable, automatic,
systemic, consistent, and does not change the lexical identity; while derivational
in nature tends to be unpredictable (unpredictable) based on syntactic rules, not
automatic, unsystematic, optional / sporadic, as well as changing lexical identity.
Boey (1975, p. 39) states that derivational affixes are morphemes set coupled with
the base to change the word class (part of speech). For example, the forms of the
words teach, build, and sweep are verbs, then get the derivative affix of –er, and
finally they become forms noun teacher, builder, and sweeper. Another example
of adding a suffix derivational –ly in the form of the word happy, loud, smooth to
form the word adverbial happy, loud, fluent with a change in word identity.
Likewise with the form of the word danger, slave, throne after getting a suffix
derivational derivasinal –en becomes dangerous, enslaves, and enchants
experienced change of lexical identity from noun to verb. According to him,
sometimes there are derivational affixes that do not change the identity of words,
for example, like and dislike, each of the types of verbs; then correct and entrust
each adjective type word. Bauer (1988, p.12) states that derivation is a
morphological process which produces a new morpheme; whereas inflection is a
morphological process which produces different tenses from a lexeme same.
Bauer further explained that an order can change predictable, whereas the recipe is
unpredictable.
There are two groups of subordinates the most important thing in the
morphemic paradigm, is the based group flexions and derivation-based groups.
The flexed or inflexional inflectional group is a list of paradigms consisting of the
forms of the same word, whereas a derivation is a list consisting of non-verbal
forms same. For example, the form of teaching and being taught are of two forms
(active and passive). Inflectional morphology, is the morphemic process that is
applied on the word as the same lexical element; while derivation or morphology
derivational is a morphemic process that transforms words as lexical elements
certain being another lexical element. Described also that all change in affixation
that goes beyond the identity of the word is called derivation, meanwhile which
determines the identity of the word is called an inflection. Matthews (1974, p.38)
states that inflections are forms different words from the same paradigm; whereas
derivation is form different words from different paradigms. It can be concluded
that morphology devides into two areas, namely (i) inflectional morphology
(inflected morphology) and (ii) lexical morphology (lexical morphology) or
derivational morphology (derivational morphology).

An analysis of inflectional affixes on English department students’

undergraduate thesis abstracts.

The first study was conducted by Dimas Sukma Cahyadi. In this research,
the researcher had a purpose to identify what types of inflectional affixes found
and choosing one of the types of inflectional affixes that were mostly used in
students’ writing product by collecting 30 English Department students’
undergraduate thesis abstracts at IAIN Metro (State Islamic Institute) in Indonesia
as the research samples. The researcher found that there were several types of
inflectional affixes and the researcher concluded the suffixes in nouns (plural) as
the most type of inflectional affixes that mostly used in writing. It can be inferred
that the students frequently use inflectional affixes in their writing. It can be noted
that English inflectional affixes have a significant contributions to English writing
until bachelor degree and showing the importance of inflectional affixes
knowledge for students’ writing skill.

An Analysis Of of Inflectional Affixes Error In in Argumentative Writing

The second study was conducted by Widhiya Ninsiana and Lukmanul

Hakim. This study aimed to explain the use of inflectional affixes in the
argumentative writing of the fifth semester students of the English Department of
the Metro State Islamic Institute where the results showed that there are 9
argumentative writing results, 8 errors in the use of {–s}, 2 errors in the use of {–
es }, 1 error in using {–ies}, 13 errors in using {–ed}, 3 errors in using {–ed}, 3
errors in using {–es}. errors in using {–ing}, and there were no errors in using {–
er} and {–est}. Moreover, the error commonly found in student writing was the
use of {–ed}, the second is the use of {–s}, and the third is the use of {–es}. Most
of the fifth semester students of the IAIN Metro English Department had
insufficient knowledge of inflection affixes and many students also found
difficult to determine which affix was right for the word they want, meaning that
many students still cannot using inflectional affixes correctly. The conclusion of
this study that the student needed attention to focus on argumentative learning and
writing semantics, especially 'inflection additions'.

An Analysis of Inflectional Morphemes Errors in Writing A Text by Second-

Year Student of Mas Tpi Silau Dunia

The third study was conducted by Sholihatul Hamidah Daulay to

determine the mistakes of students in using the inflectional morpheme includes
nouns: singular and plural forms especially in the regular plural and includes
verbs especially in regular verb to form the simple present tense in third person
singular verbs. The researcher had a purpose to find out more about the mistakes
students make in using inflectional morphemes, by type student errors are,
negligence errors, addition errors, misinformation and errors misordering by
choosing 35 second grade students of MAS TPI Glare World 2016/2017 which
concluded that the students’ errors occured as a result of learner’s effort in
building up concepts and hypotheses about the target language from their limited
experience with it.

Acquisition of the Inflectional Morphology of English as a Foreign Language

The fourth study was conducted by Emad M. Al-Saidat This paper aims to
identify the mistakes made by English Arabic learners as a foreign language in the
field of inflected morphology. Error was classified according to type versus what
appears to be true in the target language. To determine the difficulty and find what
makes this area difficult, researchers classifed errors and the researcher found
possible solutions to the difficulties which students encounter when learning a
foreign language in general and English language in particular in a way that will
help teachers cope with it difficulties while teaching English to Arabic students. It
can be concluded that students' mother tongue plays a minor role because the less
error. Meanwhile, other factors such as overgeneralization and learning strategies
play a major role in learning a foreign languages.

Morphophonemic Analysis of Inflectional Morphemes in English and Ibibio

Nouns: Implications for Linguistic Studies

The fifth study was conducted by Ubong Ekerete Josiah and Juliet Charles
Udoudom. This study tried the the morphophonemic analysis of the noun
morpheme inflection in two languages, they are English and Ibibio using the
Contrastive Analysis (CA). It is showed that the two languages are structurally
different. For example, Ibibio is agglutinative, tonal and analytical while English
is primarily analytic and intonational.
METHODOLOGY

This paper tended to use a qualitative method since this paper intended to
explain the analysis of the results of the article, this paper is designed with
documentary research and the used content analysis as the data analysis.
Documentary research was characterized as the utilization of outside sources,
records to help the perspective or contention of a scholastic work that utilizes
private and official reports as the data. This was basically done to survey different
archives or documents to consider different documents encompassing occasions or
people that include contemplating existing data that is recorded in media, text, and
actual articles. As stated by Bowen (2009), document analysis was an orderly
framework for auditing or contemplating documents or archives both printed and
electronic materials as a techniques for investigating data to obtain understanding.
There were ten articles that were generally significant, from 2015 to 2021. In
detail, the author explored three stages as expressed by Bowen (2009), including:

Choosing the related articles

It was the first step that the researcher did that was choosing articles about
the analysis of inflectional and derivational in the context from electronic sources
(journals and websites) ranging from 2017 – 2020. There are ten articles selected
from six journals namely (1) Project (Professional Journal Of English Education
in 2018, (2) IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME in
2018, (3) International Journal of Language Education in 2018, (4) Journal of
English Language Teaching in 2018, (5) Journal of English Teaching and
Research in 2019 , (6) Professional Journal of English Education in 2020, and four
doctoral dissertation from UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya in 2017, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta in 2018, Universitas Pasir Pengaraian in 2019, and
Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang in 2019.
Analyzing the contents

In this step, the writer tried to analyze the contents of the articles. The
writer examined the contents through correlation. The writer featured how the
inflectional and derivational were analyzed in each article, its contribution in
learning and teaching English abilities by featuring the contents.

Conducting the results

This was the step for doing a review. The writer wrote the results of the
article review in the form of a table and description, which could be known in the
finding and discussion section of this paper.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

Findings

This section consists of the findings from the collected articles

which follows :

Affixation of derivational and inflectional process in narrative

text entitled the Ugly Duckling

The aims of this research was to analyze what kind of derivational

and inflectional process mostly used in the text and also describes what

kind of affixation that are attached in derivational and inflectional process

entitled “The Ugly Duckling” cited from English for Specific Purposes by

(Subandi, 2017). This research used descriptive qualitative method. This

research founded that the most frequently in morphology on text is

inflectional, there were 29 words of inflectional processes. The last, it was

found the most frequently in affixes on text only two process of affixes

First, there were nine words of kinds the suffix, there four kinds that

attached to derivational process there five kinds that attached to

inflectional process. Secondly, there was only one kind of prefix that

attached to inflectional process.

An analysis of inflectional affixes on English department

students’ undergraduate thesis abstracts

This research aimed to explore what types of inflectional affixes

found and which one type of inflectional affixes that were dominantly
used in students’ writing. The researcher applied one of the qualitative

design namely case studies. The documentation was employed as the data

collecting method. In this case, the researcher analyzed the students’

writing product. There were 30 English Department students’

undergraduate thesis abstracts at IAIN Metro (State Islamic Institute) in

Indonesia as the research samples. The data was analyzed by using

Cresswell method. The results found that there were several types of

inflectional affixes which appeared in the research samples. The most

frequently used was the suffixes in nouns (plural). The second rank was in

verbals (present: V1, past: V2 regular and V3 perfect/ passive voice)

forms. The third rank was in adjectives (comparative and superlative)

forms. The last rank was in possessives (singular and plural) forms. There

was no one inflectional affixes in adverb found on the students’ writing. It

indicated that the students frequently use inflectional affixes in their

writing. It can be noted that English inflectional affixes have a significant

contributions to English writing until bachelor degree. The results of this

research can be considerations for the teacher about the importance of

inflectional affixes knowledge for their students’ writing skill. Therefore,

it should be taught in detail.

The Error Analysis of Derivational Morphology in EFL's

English Narrative Composition

The study states that Derivational morphology in the learners'

English narrative compositions was the main purpose of this research.
Morphology is the study of morphemes which are the smallest significant
units of grammar. There are two kinds of morphology: derivational and
inflectional morphology. Derivational morphology is related to affixes
such as suffixes, infixes, prefixes, ablaut and reduplication, meanwhile
inflectional morphology is related to plural, possessive, past time,
progressive, and comparative and superlative. Morphology mostly used in
writing and it is one of the difficult parts in English subject. There are four
kinds of composition: argumentation, description, exposition and
narration. The data was taken from the students of grade XI of a Public
High School in Tangerang. Descriptive method was used in this paper.
There is some derivational morphology found in this research: derivation
of a noun, adverb, gerund after a preposition, gerund after the verb, to-
infinitive, present participle, passive participle, modals, and adjective.

An Analysis Of of Inflectional Affixes Error In in

Argumentative Writing

The aim of the research is to find the error of using inflectional

affixes in students’ argumentative writing of the fifth semester of English
Department of IAIN Metro. This research is descriptive-qualitative
research. This descriptive-qualitative research used two sources, primary
and secondary data, the primary data is achieved through the
argumentative writing text from the fifth students semester of IAIN Metro.
Then the secondary data is collected from archival. This research applies
Creswell model to analyze the data.  The findings research shows there are
9 argumentative writing result, they have eight errors in using {–s}, 2
errors in using {–es}, 1 error in using {–ies}, 13 errors in using {–ed}, 3
errors in using {–ing}, and there is no error in using {–er} and{–
est}. Based on the data, the first error that commonly found in students’
writing production is the use of {–ed}, and the second one is the use of {–
s}, and the third one is the use of {–es}. Most of the fifth semester students
of the English Department of IAIN Metro have lack of knowledge about
inflectional affixes and there are many students who feel difficult in
deciding which one is the correct affix for the word they want. It means
there are many students of the fifth semester of English Department of
IAIN Metro that still can not use the inflectional affixes correctly. The
conclusion of the research is the student of the fifth semester of English
Department of IAIN Metro need attention to focus on writing
argumentative learning and semantic specially ‘inflection affixes’.

Derivational and inflectional morphemes in The Jakarta Post

This analyses analysis aim to find out which word formed by

derivational morpheme, which word formed by inflectional morpheme,
how the indicated word formed and what kind of alteration are found. The
writer uses the descriptive qualitative method. From 6 data for derivational
morpheme, the writer found 8 words formed by derivational morpheme
and from 8 data for inflectional morpheme, there are 29 words formed by
inflectional morpheme. From the data, the writer found that each
morpheme has its function and impact the meaning, class of word or the
grammatical function of the base word. By this paper, people know how
prefixes and suffixes affect the word.

Derivational And and Inflectional Morpheme Analysis On The

Song Lyrics Of Lady Gaga “A Star Is Born” Album

The tittle of this research is Affixes Analysis on the Song Lyrics of

Lady Gaga “A Star is Born” Album. The method that used in this study is
to analyst the lyrics of “A Star is Born” album and the technique that used
to collect the data is analyzing technique that used is qualitative method.
The purpose of this research is to identify and find out the farms of the
affix of derivation and inflectional from the lyrics of “A Star is Born”
album. Based on the analysis, it was found that many types of derivation
and inflectional affix. The most dominant that found in the Lady Gaga
album song is derivation affix. The result of this research, 14 data or
58,3% derivation affixes 10 data or 41,7%% that inflectional found in "A
Stars is Born” album.

Derivation and inflection of English affixes in snow novel by

Orhan Pamuk
The researcher combined those two points in this present study.
Yule (2006)’s theory of derivation and inflection affixes are applied
in this research. This theory is used to analyze the process and the
function of derivation and inflection affixes in Snow novel.
Qualitative content analysis is used in this study to investigate
derivation and inflection affixes. The research instrument is only the
researcher himself. The researcher reads and selects the word which
contain derivation and inflection affixes in Snow novel. Then, the
researcher analyzes the data by classifying and explaining derivation
and inflection data. Derivation affixes consist of 1 adverb maker (ly),
14 noun makers (ion, ment, ness, ity, ty, cy, ure, ce, ance, ence, er,
or, ist, ant), 11 adjective makers (less, ous, al, ical, ive, ible, able,
ish, y, ry), 5 verb makers (prefix-en, suffixes- en, fy, ize, ate).
Meanwhile, there are only eight inflection affixes which are found in
Snow novel. They consist of 1 past tense maker (ed), 1 past
participle maker (en), 1 present participle maker (ing), 1 third person
singular maker (S), 1 possessive maker (S), 1 plural maker (S), 1
comparative maker (er) and 1 superlative maker (est). Derivational
suffix ly to form adverb is the most frequently present in Snow
novel, it is 33, 90 %. It is equal with 121 words which contain affix
adverb. Meanwhile, inflectional suffix ed as past tense maker became
the biggest amount in Snow novel, it is 33, 58%. It is equal with 134
words which contain suffix to form past tense.
 An Analysis On on The Derivational And Inflectional Affixes
Found In Facebook ‘Bbc News’ September, 8 2017

This research aims to find out the derivational and inflectional

affixes in The Facebook ‘BBC NEWS’ September, 8 2017. This research
is descriptive qualitative research where researcher tries to find out the
derivational and inflectional affix and the roots from the words in
Facebook ‘BBC NEWS’ September, 8 2017 without using statistical
calculation. In this research the writer uses all of words are the beginning
of the conversation in BBC NEWS. The result of analyzing data were the
derivational and inflectional affixes found in BBC NEWS September, 8
2017 are un-, il, and dis- as a derivational prefix and -ism, -ion, -ment,
-ship, -ness, -er, -ing, -ly, - al, -able, -ful as a derivational suffix, while the
inflectional affixes are -s, -ed, -ing, - er. From the conclusion of this
research, the writer suggests that to improve their mastery of vocabulary,
the readers should apply the derivational and inflectional affixes by
breaking the word into its elements root and affixes because from one
word they can get the structure of words and they also find how the words
built. By knowing the roots, the readers can build the word by themselves.

AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES IN BEAUTY

AND THE BEAST MOVIE

In conducting this research, researchers used a theory from

Randolph Quirk. Quirk has divided the imperative sentence into five
forms; imperative without subject, imperative with subject, imperative
with Let, negative imperative, Do with positive imperative. Quirk also
divides the imperative sentence into 15 functions; orders, requests,
prohibitions, help, advice or recommendations, warnings, suggestions,
instructions, invitations, offers, good hopes, curses, rejections, warnings
themselves, granting permission. The researcher used a qualitative
descriptive method because of the analysis in the form of words. In
collecting data, the researcher took data from the conversation transcript in
the film Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle. After collecting, reading and
analyzing conversations in the film Jumanji researchers find imperatives
without subject 9, imperatives with subjects 6, imperatives with Let there
are 2, negative imperatives 3, researchers do not find Do with positive
imperatives. The researcher also found the function of imperative
sentences in the Jumanji film; 6 orders, 3 requests, 3 prohibitions, 2
suggestions or recommendations, 1 warning, 3 instructions, and 2 self-
considerations. The researcher was unable to find functions of help,
suggestions, invitations, offers, good hopes, curses, rejection and
permission in this study.

Discussions

Since the development of English word is not limited, for those

who has a good awarenesss of the morphological procecss process such as
derivational and inflectional can be considered as a good way in analyzing
the words. From the findings of the chosen articles, the analysis of
derivational and inflectional are usually found that can affect effect the
change of grammatical function and word-class change.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Conclusion

Morphology is a study of word. In morphology, there are derivational and

inflectional morpheme that can be indicated as the process of word formation. The
analysis of inflectional and derivational especially the affixes are often found in
forming a new word. The morphological awareness of the derivational and
inflectional can be considered as a good skill.

Suggestion

From the conclusion of this research, the writer suggests that to improve
their mastery of vocabulary, the readers should apply the derivational and
inflectional affixes by breaking the word into its elements root and affixes because
from one word they can get the structure of words and they also find how the
words built. By knowing the roots, the readers can build the word by themselves.
 REFERENCES

Al-Saidat, E. M. (2012). Acquisition of the Inflectional Morphology of English as

a Foreign Language: An error analysis approach. The Buckingham Journal of
Language and Linguistics, 5, 19-37.

ANDINI, I. (2019). AN ANALYSIS OF INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIONAL

AFFIXATION IN JK ROWLING’S NOVEL “HARRY POTTER AND THE
PHILOSOPHER’S STONE” (Doctoral dissertation, jp).

Aprianti, I. N., & Parmawati, A. (2020). Derivational And Inflectional Morpheme

Analysis On The Song Lyrics Of Lady Gaga “A Star Is Born”
Album. Project (Professional Journal Of English Education), 3(3), 322-328.

Bauer, Laurie. 1988. Introducing Linguistic Morphology. Great Britain:

Edinburgh University Press.

Boey, Lim Kiat. 1975. In Introduction to Linguistics for Language Teacher.

Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Cahyadi, D. S. (2018). An analysis of inflectional affixes on English department

students’ undergraduate thesis abstracts. IOSR Journal of Research &
Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 8(5), 17-21.

Daulay, S. H. (2016). AN ANALYSIS OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES

ERRORS IN WRITING A TEXT BY SECOND-YEAR STUDENT OF MAS
TPI SILAU DUNIA. VISION, 10(10).
Ella, A. (2018). The Analysis On Derivational And Inflectional Morphemes In
Reading Texts Of English Textbook For Senior High Schools Published By
Ministry Of Education And Culture (Doctoral dissertation, Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris).

Halawa, A. (2017). An Analysis Of Derivational And Inflectional English

Morphemes. Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole, 1(1), 132-144.
Hasan, S. (2019). AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES IN BEAUTY
AND THE BEAST MOVIE (Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITAS PASIR
PENGARAIAN).

Josiah, U. E., & Udoudom, J. C. (2012). Morphophonemic Analysis of

Inflectional Morphemes in English and Ibibio Nouns: Implications for
Linguistic Studies. Journal of Education and Learning, 1(2), 72-81.

Katamba, Francis. 1994. Morphology. Houndmitis, Basingstoke, Hampsire and

London: The Macmilian Press Ltd.

Kusumawardhani, P. (2018). The Error Analysis of Derivational Morphology in

EFL's English Narrative Composition. International Journal of Language
Education, 2(1), 22-30.

Matthews, P.H. 1974. Morphology: An Introduction to the Theory of

WorldStructure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Maulidina, S., Indriyani, F., & Mardewi, T. (2019). Derivational and inflectional
morphemes in The Jakarta Post. Journal of English Teaching and
Research, 4(2), 104-122.
Ninsiana, W., & Hakim, L. (2018). An Analysis Of Inflectional Affixes Error In
Argumentative Writing. Pedagogy: Journal of English Language
Teaching, 6(1), 1-10.

Nurhikmah, W. L., Haryanto, S., & Zuhriah, S. (2018). An Analysis On The

Derivational And Inflectional Affixes Found In Facebook ‘Bbc News’
September, 8 2017 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta).

Nurjanah, S. Y., Ramdhaniah, A., & Efransyah, M. (2018). Affixation of

derivational and inflectional process in narrative text entitled the Ugly
Duckling. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education), 1(3), 309-
318.

Prayogo, T. (2017). Derivation and inflection of English affixes in snow novel by

Orhan Pamuk (Doctoral dissertation, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya).

Rezeki, T. I., & Sagala, R. W. (2019). A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF

DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES. Serunai: Jurnal
Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(2), 159-162.