Chapter lI

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The review of related literature of the research paper was centered on evaluating

the factors’ impacting the efficacy of the teaching success of the respondents on

Dominican School of Pilar in regards to the respondents’ impact of the disease

outbreak, the issues, the changes and adjustments and on how they cope and react

with it.

The Teachers’ Teaching Performance Before the Pandemic

Teachers are doing great before pandemic comes, Education is very easy to

access and lessons are very uncomplicated because teachers can comfortably explain

it to the students. According to Nins Evangelista (2021), a student from Siena College of

Tigaon, Tigaon Camerines Sur. He said that “So far some teachers were good they can

explain everything to the students but some were just depending on seatwork’s without

explaining it, other teachers are present but mentally absent”. Another student from

Siena College of Tigaon, Tigaon Camerines Sur, Mr. Patrick Oliver (2021) agreed to

what Mr. Evangelista said, he added that “Some teachers had excellent performance

before the epidemic arrives while the others had considerably low levels in terms of

teaching performance”. Education must seek to provide the student with a

comprehensive education, trying to help his or her physical, emotional, intellectual,

family, social, and moral development.

According to Ms. Ma. Christina Mercado (2018), a teacher at Del Gallego

National High School- Senior High School Campus of Del Gallego Camarines Sur. She

says that “Teachers play a crucial role in nation building. Through quality teachers, the
Philippines can develop holistic learners who are steeped in values, equipped with 21st

century skills, and able to propel the country to development and progress.” It says that

teachers effort and hardworks before pandemic is very important as it is the crucial role

in building a nation. There are lot of successful individuals that give respect to their

teachers because aside from having a passion, teachers teaching perfomance and

influence help the students to build and improve their own identity. Ms. Maricel Guina

(2018), a teacher from San Pablo Integrated School of Telabastagan, Pampanga. She

states that “Education is the process of delivering and acquiring systematic information

and instruction formally from educational institutions.” She added that “It has three

essential components: the teacher, the learners and the curriculum. These three

components interact in the so called teaching – learning process”. It was assumed that

the three essential components of education is the key to have a better teaching

performance of a teacher and to produce a well-trained and enhanced students that can

keep up with the challenges in college life.

According to a survey conducted by Central Sindical Independiente y de

Funcionarios, it says that “more than 10,000 teachers, revealed that 92.8% of teachers

suffered emotional exhaustion, stress, anguish, or anxiety due to confinement and

distance education. Excessive bureaucratic tasks, unclear instructions, lack of support

in teleworking, and lack of technical means were the main problems pointed out by

teachers. Possible difficulties facing such policies include poor online teaching

infrastructure, lack of teacher training, information gap, and complex home

environment.”
 As stated by Ms. Maharaj (2014), she suggested that classroom observations

should be unannounced, which would give assessors a more accurate picture of typical

teacher practice (rather than peak performance if they have prepared for the

observation), therefore allowing more meaningful assessment. It was agreed by Mr.

Johansen Pelingon (2021), a 12th grader student of Dominican School of Pilar. He said

that “Classroom observations may enhance teahers’ teaching performance because

they may excert extra effort to their work and to their profession”. He added that “Since

it was expected in public and private schools, they are all prepared to fulfill the needs of

the students that their profession requires.” It was agreed by Mrs. Lily S. Ataiza(2021),

the Academic Coordinator of Dominican School of Pilar. She said that ”Classroom

observations enhances the teachers teaching performance because we (the

administrators) gave the different tasks depending on what lesson they are going to

observe from the objectives down to the deepening.”

According to the teachers from Pilar National High School, Pilar, Sorsogon, Mr.

Bong Lumbao (2021) and Mr. Harold Llaguilles (2021), “There have been an enormous

workload before the pandemic strikes, we have so many teaching loads to teach and I

perform better, in all fairness.” He added that “There are many things to consider on

how to teach students properly because we were preparing attendance, homework’s,

lesson plans and many more.”

The Teachers’ Teaching Performance During the Pandemic

The pandemic has revealed a series of consequences that must be taken into

account at the educational management level. According to a recent report by Mr.

Hodges, C. et al (2020), they highlighted several problems facing the educational

modality without time to carry out authentic planning and a modification of the

curriculum design to adapt it to the online modality, which has led to “remote teaching of

emergency” That’s why most teachers around the world are all affected by the COVID-

19 pandemic.

According to Mr. Jamil Carvajal (2020) a senior High School Filipino subject

teacher at the Timoteo Paez Integrated School in Manila, and a Teacher Broadcaster of

DepEd TV, “I am very frustrate because they can’t respond immediately due to low

internet speed/ connectivity. There’s no instant feedback and interaction, because in

face-to-face classes, when you ask question especially if the students are well

prepared, they will immediately raise their hands and their answer.” Ms. Ivey Welshans

(2020) emphasized that teachers’ preoccupation with their inability to reach some of

their students during the pandemic; the large variation in instruction children were

receiving then and the key role schools have played as part of the social safety net—

even as they struggle to scale resources to current needs and to sustain safety-net

supports over time. She also added that “This moment provides a unique opportunity to

rebuild our public education system better, through investing with renewed vigor

in relief, recovery, and rebuilding.

According to an opinion article written by the Spanish secondary school teacher,

Fandino-Pérez (2020), “It is significant in which he reflects on the virtuality of education

and his position regarding personalized education, so demanded in times of normality,

where teachers and students know each other, interact, and socialize, precisely the

attitude that has taken away the virus.” Fandino-Pérez says that “the pandemic has put
us in front of the mirror to see a distorted and absurd image of the work of teachers as

producers of programming and good results, which turns them and their students into a

kind of machine. We have forgotten the main thing: to be human beings capable of

creating a better world and of overcoming ignorance, fear, and demagogy.” It was

proved that education is the key to success but in this time of pandemic it is very hard to

adapt because we are not capable for this kind of situation. Though we are now learning

the new system of education, but we can’t overcome the ignorance, fear and demagogy

because we are becoming the robot of ourselves. This is not the real process of

programming and producing good results instead this is all because of compliance just

to pass.

The amassed evidence about what works also demonstrates that failing to do

so will cost far more, and deliver far less, in the long run. But amidst the pain so many

are enduring is a bright spot: Some teachers feel the appreciation is deeper than ever

before. With so much at stakes in the aftermath of this crisis, this can be an opportunity

to turn that appreciation into the fuel that will finally restore the prestige of the teaching

profession and improve teachers’ working conditions (Garcia, 2020).

Aside from teachers, students are also affected by the pandemic. According to

Ms. Ella Reverente (2021) a senior high school student of Dominican School of Pilar,

Pilar, Sorosogon “Teachers are great but not as great as before because it was affected

by poor connections and lack of face-to-face communications” while Ms. Nicca

Tolentino (2021) a student of Bicol College, Daraga, Albay agreed to Ms. Reverente

because she says that “ Some teachers were good, they didn’t change but others are

just leaving homeworks while teachers didn’t show themselves to teach online classes.”
 Mr. Aljhon Medina (2021) a senior high school teacher from Dominican School

of Pilar, Pilar, Sorsogon says that “In this pandemic, teachers are becoming innovative

because they undergo much tranings to ensure that desite of pandemic they’re still

quality education”. It was proven and shown in all efforts and hardworks of Senior High

School Teachers.

The Teachers’ Teaching Methods Before Pandemic

There are a lot of teaching methods that teachers can use. According to

Quizalize Blog (2018) “Visualization, Cooperative Learning, Inquiry-based Instruction,

Differentiation, Technology in the Classroom, Behavior Management, Professional

Development” are the seven Effective Teaching Strategies for the Classroom.

Visualization includes interactive discussion that display photos, audio clips and videos.

Cooperative Learning encourages students with different abilities to work together by

promoting small group or whole class activities. Inquiry-based Instruction encouraging

students to ask questions and investigate their own ideas helps improve their problem-

solving skills. Differentiation involves the students’ unique learning need through

different kind of activities. Technology in the Classroom is a great way to actively

engage the students, especially as digital media surrounds young people in the 21 st

century. Behavior Management is crucial to gain the students respect and ensure

students have an equal chance of reaching their full potential. And Professional

Development inside the classroom is a great way to enhance teaching and learning in

the classroom. This few teaching methods and strategies can help a teacher to be more

effective at teaching.”
 Though there are lots of methods and strategies that can enhance teachers

teaching performance, there are also factors that can affect them like Environmental

Factors (Weather Condition, Handles Many Students and Subject Mastery), Emotional

& Social Factors (Lack of Self-Time and Relations with Students), Intellectual & Mental

Factors (Patience, Stress, Behavior and Attitude) and Physical & Mental Factors

(Performance Pressure, Personal Problems, Wage, Transportation and Personality).

These factors can affect the teachers before the pandemic arrives.

The Teachers’ Teaching Methods and Strategies During Pandemic

In this time of pandemic, there are lots of solutions and remedies on how to

deliver the education to the students. According to Jenny Ann A. Pimentel-Tibon (2020),

“some methods and strategies are being used by teachers like Face-to-face, Distance

Learning, Blended Learning, and Homeschooling. Face-to-face is a modality where the

students and the teacher are both physically present in the classroom. Notably, this

modality is feasible only in low-risk areas with no history of infections. Distance Learning

has three types, namely: Modular Distance Learning (Modules), Online Distance

Learning (Online Classes) and Television/Radio-Based Instruction. This is the most

viable for independent learners, and learners supported by parents or guardians.

Blended Learning refers to a learning delivery that combine face-to-face with any, or a

mix of Modular Distance Learning (Modules), Online Distance Learning (Online

Classes) and Television/Radio-Based Instruction. It enables the school to limit face-to-

face learning and ensure social distancing. And Homeschooling, a modality that aims to

provide learners with quality basic education that is facilitated by qualifies parents,
guardians or tutors who have undergone relevant training in a home-based

environment.”

The teachers in the new normal system of education faces some factors that may

affect their effective teaching, this factors are the following: Environmental Factors (Lack

of face-to-face Communication, Poor Internet Connectivity, Stagnant Tech Devices,

Weather Condition, Handles Many Students and Subject Mastery), Emotional & Social

Factors (Lack of Self-Time, Lack of Students Parental Support, Boredom, Lack of focus,

Emotional Breakdown and Relations with Students), Intellectual & Mental Factors

(Redundant Teaching Techniques, Patience, Stress, Behavior, Mindset and Attitude)

and Physical & Mental Factors (Performance Pressure, Personal Problems, Wage,

Transportation, Lack of Time Planning, Limitations of Disciplining Students and

Personality).