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Method and Technique To Language Teaching

The document discusses language teaching methods and techniques. It outlines 10 major methods: Direct Method, Grammar-Translation Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Total Physical Response, Community Language Learning, Lexical Method, Natural Approach, and Communicative Language Teaching. Each method is described in terms of its principles and key techniques used for implementation in the classroom. Techniques range from drills and repetition to role plays, games, group work, and use of authentic materials.

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Diana Morilla Azna
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125 views

Method and Technique To Language Teaching

The document discusses language teaching methods and techniques. It outlines 10 major methods: Direct Method, Grammar-Translation Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Total Physical Response, Community Language Learning, Lexical Method, Natural Approach, and Communicative Language Teaching. Each method is described in terms of its principles and key techniques used for implementation in the classroom. Techniques range from drills and repetition to role plays, games, group work, and use of authentic materials.

Uploaded by

Diana Morilla Azna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Method and Technique in Language Teaching

Method
- is theoretically related to an approach, is organizationally determined by a design, and practically
realized in procedure

Technique
- is the level at which classroom procedures are described.
-is implementational - that which actually takes place in a classroom. It is a particular trick, a
strategem, or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective.” Anthony ( 1963 )
-must be consistent with a method and therefore in harmony with an approach, as well

Methods of Language Teaching


 Direct Method
 Grammar-Translation Method
 Audio-Lingual Method
 The Silent Way
 Suggestopedia
 Total Physical Response
 Community Language Learning
 The Lexical Method
 The Natural Way
 Communicative Language Teaching

1. Direct Method
-aims to build a direct way into the world of the target language making a relation between
experience and language, word and idea, thought and expression rule and performance.
-intends for students to learn how to communicate in the target language
-is based on the assumption that the learner should experience the new language in the same
way as he/she experienced his/her mother tongue without considering the existence of his/her mother
tongue

Techniques used in Direct Method


o Reading Aloud
o Question and Answer
o Self-Correction
o Conversation Practice
o Fill in the Blanks exercise
o Dictation
o Paragraph Writing

2. Grammar-Translation Method
-an old method
-students learn grammatical rules
-translates whole text word by word
-is usually no listening or speaking practice, and very little attention is placed on
pronunciation or any communicative aspects of the language
-the skill exercised is reading and then only in the context of translation
Techniques used in Grammar-Translation Method
o Translation of a literary passage
o Reading comprehension questions
o Antonyms/synonyms
o Cognates
o Deductive application of rules
o Fill in the blanks
o Memorization
o Composition

3. Audio-Lingual Method
-is based on behaviorist theory, which postulates that certain traits of living things
-humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcement
-similar to another, earlier method called the direct method when it comes to teaching the
language directly but unlike this, it did not focus on teaching vocabulary but rather drilled the
students in the use of grammar

Techniques used in Audio-Lingual Method


o Dialogue Memorization
o Minimal Pairs
o Complete the Dialogue
o Drills

4. Silent Way
-developed by Caleb Gattegno
-the teacher conducting this method is silent most of the time
-emphasizes learner autonomy and active student participation
Techniques used in Silent Way Method
o Teaching pronunciation with “sound color charts”
o Cognitive Coding with Color Rods
o Peer correction to improve cooperative manner
o Self-Correction Gestures
o Teacher’s Silence
o Structured Feedback
o Fidel Charts
o Word Charts

5. Suggestopedia Method
-is a teaching method developed by the Bulgarian psychotherapist Georgi Lozanov.
-the lesson on this method is consisted of three phases at first: deciphering, concert session
(memorization séance), and elaboration
Techniques used in Suggestopedia Method
o Positive Suggestion
o Peripheral Learning
o Visualization
o Choose a New Identity
o First and Second Concert
6. Total Physical Response Method
-it is developed by James Asher
-it is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it
attempts to teach language through physical (motor) activities
Techniques used in TPR Method
o Commands
o Role Reversal
o Action Sequence

7. Community Language Learning


- advises teachers to take their students as “whole person”
- Whole person learning means that teachers consider not only the students but also their
feelings
- teachers become language counselors and give no threatening to students
Techniques used in Community Language Learning
o Transcription
o Reflection on Experience
o Reflective Listening
o Human Computer

8. Lexical Method
-is a method of teaching foreign languages described by Michael Lewis in the early 1990s
-the basic concept on which this approach rests is the idea that an important part of learning a
language consists of being able to understand and produce lexical phrases as chunks
Techniques used in Lexical Method
o Listening and reading activities
o First and second language comparison – chunk for chunk
o Guess the meaning from the context
o Noticing and recording language patters and collocations
o Working with the dictionaries
o Working with language corpuses

9. Natural Approach
- one of the language teaching methods based on observation and interpretation of how
learners acquire both first and second languages in nonformal settings
- focuses on input, comprehension, and meaningful communication and puts less emphasis on
grammar, teacher monologues, direct repetition and accuracy
Techniques used in Natural Method
o mime,gestures and context for questions(adapted from Direct Method
o command-based activities(adapted from TPR)
o group work activities (adapted from Communicative Language Teaching)

10. Communicative Language Teaching


-or the communicative approach, is an approach to language teaching that
emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of study
-Language learners learn and practice the target language through the interaction with one
another and the instructor, the study of "authentic texts“, and through the use of the language both in
class and outside of class.
Techniques used in Communicative Language Teaching
o Authentic Materials
o Scrambled Sentences
o Language Games
o Picture Strip Story
o Role Play
o Pair and Group Work

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