Biblical Aramaic Verb List

© 2014 Philomena M French Ph.D.

Chapter and verse numbers follow WTT.

Usually where it occurs the jussive has no unique form and is identical to the imperfect –
variations generally occur when the final ‫ ן‬drops. Where the jussive differs from the usual
imperfect it is marked as jussive form – on all other occasions as jussive.

The verb “to be” ‫ הוה‬is unusual in that it prefixes ‫ ל‬to the 3 m s & 3 m & f pl forms. This is the
only verb where this construction is attested in Biblical Aramaic although it is found later in
rabbinic Aramaic, Syriac and Mandaic.

Peal passive/peil participles have identical forms and are listed as peal passive participles.

Prefixed prepositions and the conjunction ‫ ו‬have been removed from verbs. Pronominal suffixes
have been retained.

There are two appendices. Appendix A lists all the forms in alphabetical order together with their
root consonants to enable ease of reference. Appendix B lists all the various forms by tense/voice
and conjugation with more comprehensive explanatory notes. Full paradigms for the strong verb
are listed. Forms which are not attested in Biblical Aramaic are included as these should prove
useful for reading outside the Biblical texts.

Bibliography

Bashoor M Scott – Annotations To The Aramaic Text Of Daniel (2014)

Bashoor M Scott – Annotations To The Aramaic Text Of Ezra (2014)
Brown Francis, Driver Samuel Rolles & Briggs Charles A – Hebrew & English Lexicon
(Hendrickson Publishers Inc 1991)
Gesenius Wilhelm Friedrich – Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon To The Old Testament (1846)
(tyndale archive online edition)
Greenspan Frederick E – An Introduction To Aramaic (corrected second edition)
(Society Of Biblical Literature 2007)
Jastrow Marcus – A Dictionary Of The Targumim, The Talmud Babli And Yerushalmi
And The Midrashic Literature (1926) (tyndale archive online edition)
Jerusalmi Isaac – The Aramaic Sections Of Ezra And Daniel (Hebrew Union College-
Jewish Institute Of Religion 1982)
Johns Alger F – A Short Grammar Of Biblical Aramaic (Andrews University Press 1972)
Koehler Ludwid & Baumgartner Walter – The Hebrew And Aramaic Lexicon Of The Old
Testament (Brill 2000)
Rosenthal Franz - A Grammar Of Biblical Aramaic (Otto Harrassowitz 1961)
Van Pelt Miles V – Basics Of Biblical Armaic (Zondervan 2011)

Page 1 of 41
Glossary & Abbreviations

Apocopation - occurs rarely, found in lamed he/aleph verbs shortening the verb and causing
changes in the syllabic structure and vocalisation.
Dissimilation – the omission or change of similar or identical sounds
Elided – eliminated or left out
Energic nun – also known as nun energicum. An additional or doubled nun placed between the
verb and suffix.
Gemination – lengthening or doubling
Infinitive Absolute – unqualified verbal noun
Infinitive Construct – modified and in a “genitive” state causing vowel and accent reduction.
Generally governed by prepositions particularly ‫ל‬
Jussive –the mood for issuing orders, commanding or exhorting
Kethib – traditional written form of text
Metathesis – the switching of consonants
Nasalization – the addition of nun to a word – often occurs instead of gemination
Paragogic – an additional consonant added to the end of a word
Preformative – prefix
Progressive assimilation – when a consonant is assimilation to a following consonant
Pronominal suffix (verbal) – objective pronoun attached to the end of a verb causing vowel and
accent reduction
Prosthetic – a vowel or consonant added by prosthesis (the addition of a vowel or consonant at
the beginning of a word without changing the word’s meaning).
Qere – indication in the margin or elsewhere in a manuscript of the correct reading of text
R1, R2, R3 - first, second and third root consonants
Regressive assimilation – when a consonant is assimilated to a preceding consonant
Sufformative - suffix

‫אבד‬ (peal) to perish (haphel) to destroy (hophal) to be destroyed

‫אבדוּ‬
ַ ֵ‫י‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl jussive form Jeremiah 10:11

‫הוֹבד‬
ֵ ‫ְתּ‬ haphel imperfect 2 m s jussive Daniel 2:24

‫יְ ה ְֹבדוּן‬ haphel imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 2:18

‫הוֹב ָדה‬
ָ haphel infinitive construct Daniel 2:12, 2:24, 7:26

‫הוּבד‬
ַ hophal perfect 3 m s Daniel 7:11

‫אזה‬ (peal) to set light to, heat up a furnace, make hot

‫ֵמזֵ א‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 3:19

peal infinitive construct Daniel 3:19
‫ֵמזְ יֵ הּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ֵאזֵ ה‬ peal passive participle m s absolute Daniel 3:22

Page 2 of 41
 ‫אזל‬ (peal) to go, walk off

‫ֲאזַ ל‬ peal perfect 3 ms Daniel 2:17, 2:24, 6:19, 6:20

‫ֲאזַ ְלנָ א‬ peal perfect 1 c pl Ezra 5:8

‫ֲאזַ לוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:23

‫ֵאזֶ ל‬ peal imperative m s Ezra 5:15

‫אכל‬ (peal) to eat, devour, to eat pieces – to slander, accuse

‫ֲא ַכלוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:8, 6:25

‫אכל‬
ֻ ֵ‫י‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:30

‫אכל‬
ֻ ‫ֵת‬ peal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 7:23

‫ֲא ֻכ ִלי‬ peal imperative f s Daniel 7:5

‫ָא ְכ ָלה‬ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 7:7, 7:19

‫אמן‬ (haphel) to trust, believe in

‫ימן‬
ִ ‫ֵה‬ haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:24

‫ימן‬
ַ ‫ְמ ֵה‬ haphel passive participle m s absolute Daniel 2:45, 6:5

‫אמר‬ (peal) to say, speak, tell, command, relate

peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:5
‫ַא ְמ ֵרת‬
peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:11
‫ֲא ַמר‬ Daniel 2:12, 2:24, 2:25, 2:46
3:13, 3:20, 5:2, 5:29, 6:17,
6:24, 6:25, 7:1, 7:16, 7:23
‫ֲﬠנָ ת וַ ֲא ֶמ ֶרת ֲא ֶמ ֶרת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 5:10

‫ֲא ַמ ְרנָ א‬ peal perfect 1 c pl Ezra 5:4, 5:9

‫ֲא ַמרוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:23

peal imperfect 3 m s jussive: Daniel 2:7
‫אמר‬
ַ ֵ‫י‬ imperfect: Daniel 3:29, 4:32
‫אמר‬
ַ ֵ‫נ‬ peal imperfect 1 c pl Daniel 2:36

‫אמרוּן‬
ְ ‫ֵתּ‬ peal imperfect 2 m pl Jeremiah 10:11

Page 3 of 41
 ‫ָא ַמר‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 4:4, 4:11, 4:20
Daniel 2:5, 2:8, 2:15, 2:20,
‫ָﬠנֵ ה וְ ָא ַמר ָא ַמר‬ peal participle m s absolute
2:26, 2:27, 2:47, 3:14, 3:19,
3:24, 3:25, 3:26, 3:28,
4:16(x2), 4:27, 5:7, 5:13,
5:17, 6:13, 6:17, 6:21, 7:2
‫ֱא ַמר‬ peal imperative m s Daniel 2:4, 4:6, 4:15

‫ֱא ַמרוּ‬ peal imperative m pl Daniel 2:9

‫אמר‬
ַ ‫ֵמ‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 2:9
peal infinitive construct variant
‫ֵמ ַמר‬ Ezra 5:11
defective elided ‫א‬
peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 5:3
‫ָא ְמ ִרין‬ Daniel 3:4, 4:28, 6:6, 6:7,
6:13, 6:16, 7:5
‫ ֲﬠנוֹ וְ ָא ְמ ִרין ָא ְמ ִרין‬peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:7, 2:10, 3:9, 3:16,
6:14

‫ ָﬠנַ יִ ן וְ ָא ְמ ִרין ָא ְמ ִרין‬peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:24

‫אנס‬ (peal) to oppress, compel, constrain

‫ָאנֵ ס‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 4:6

‫אתה‬ (peal) to come, arrive (haphel) to bring (hophal) to be brought

peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:3, 5:16
‫ֲא ָתה‬ Daniel 7:22
‫ֲאתוֹ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:12

‫ֱאתו‬ peal imperative m pl Daniel 3:26

‫ֵמ ֵתא‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 3:2

‫ָא ֵתה‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 7:13

‫ַהיְ ִתי‬ haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:13

‫ַהיְ ִתיו‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:3, 5:23, 6:17, 6:25

‫ַהיְ ָתיָ ה‬ haphel infinitive construct Daniel 3:13, 5:2

Page 4 of 41
 ‫ֵה ָיתיִ ת‬ hophal perfect 3 f s Daniel 6:18

‫ֵה ָיתיוּ‬ hophal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:13

‫באש‬ (peal) to be evil, displeased, distressed

‫ְבּ ֵאשׁ‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:15

‫בדר‬ (pael) to disperse, scatter

‫ַב ַדּרוּ‬ pael imperative m pl Daniel 4:11

(pael) to frighten, alarm, dismay, terrify (hithpeel) to hurry, hasten
‫בהל‬ (hithpaal) to be frightened, terrified, alarmed
peal imperfect 3 m s jussive form Daniel 4:16
‫יְ ַב ֲה ָל‬ + 2 m s pronominal suffix
pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:2, 7:15, 7:28
‫יְ ַב ֲה ֻלנַּ נִ י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
pael imperfect 3 m pl jussive form Daniel 5:10
‫יְ ַב ֲהלוּ‬ + 2 m s pronominal suffix
pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:16, 5:6
‫יְ ַב ֲה ֻלנֵּ הּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
hithpeel infinitive construct Daniel 2:25, 3:24, 6:20
‫ִה ְת ְבּ ָה ָלה‬ used as a noun
‫ִמ ְת ָבּ ַהל‬ hithpaal participle m s absolute Daniel 5:9

‫בטל‬ (peal) to cease, be discontinued (pael) to stop, bring to an end

‫ְבּ ֵט ַלת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Ezra 4:24

‫ָבּ ְט ָלא‬ peal participle f s absolute Ezra 4:24

‫ַב ִטּלוּ‬ pael perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:23, 5:5

‫ַב ָטּ ָלא‬ pael infinitive construct paragogic ‫א‬ Ezra 4:21, 6:8

‫בית‬ (peal) to pass/spend the night, lodge

‫ָבת‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:19

‫בלא‬ (pael) to wear away, wear out, (figuratively) harass constantly

‫יְ ַב ֵלּא‬ pael imperfect 3 m s Daniel 7:25

Page 5 of 41
 ‫בנה‬ (peal) to build (hithpeel) to be built
peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:27
‫ֱבנַ יְ ַתהּ‬ + 3 f s pronominal suffix
peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:11
‫ְבּנָ ִהי‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 6:14
‫ְבנוֹ‬
peal imperfect 3 m p jussive Ezra 6:7
‫יִ ְבנוֹן‬
peal infinitive construct 1 Ezra 5:2, 5:11, 5:17, 6:8
‫ִמ ְבנֵ א‬
peal infinitive construct 2 Ezra 5:3, 5:13
‫ְבּנֵ א‬
old version without ‫מ‬

‫ִמ ְבנְ יָ ה‬ peal infinitive construct 3 paragogic ‫ה‬ Ezra 5:9

‫ָבּנַ יִ ן‬ peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 4:12, 5:4, 5:11, 6:14

‫ְבנֵ ה‬ peal passive participle m s absolute Ezra 5:11

‫יִ ְת ְבּנֵ א‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s jussive Ezra 5:15, 6:3

‫ִתּ ְת ְבּנֵ א‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 f s Ezra 4:13, 4:16, 4:21

‫ִמ ְת ְבּנֵ א‬ hithpeel participle m s absolute Ezra 5:8, 5:16

‫בנס‬ (peal) to be angry, become angry, get enraged

‫ְבּנַ ס‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:12

‫בעא‬ (peal) to seek, request, ask, be about to (pael) to call upon, beseech

‫ְבּ ָﬠא‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:16, 2:49

‫ְב ֵﬠינָ א‬ peal perfect 1 c pl Daniel 2:23

‫ְבעוֹ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 2:13

‫ֶא ְב ֵﬠא‬ peal imperfect 1 c s Daniel 7:16

‫יִ ְב ֵﬠה‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 6:8, 6:13

‫ָבּ ֵﬠא‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:12, 6:14

‫ָב ַﬠיִ ן‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 6:5

Page 6 of 41
 ‫ִמ ְב ֵﬠא‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 2:18

‫יְ ַבעוֹן‬ pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:33

‫בקר‬ (pael) to seek, enquire, investigate (hithpaal) to let search be made

‫ַב ַקּרוּ‬ pael perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:19, 6:1

‫יְ ַב ַקּר‬ pael imperfect 3 m s Ezra 4:15

‫ַב ָקּ ָרא‬ pael infinitive construct Ezra 7:14

‫יִ ְת ַבּ ַקּר‬ hithpaal imperfect 3 m s jussive Ezra 5:17

‫ברך‬ (peal) to bless (pael) to bless, praise, kneel

‫ָבּ ֵר‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:11

‫ְבּ ִרי‬ peal passive participle m s absolute Daniel 3:28

pael perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:31
‫בּר ֵכת‬
ְ
pael perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:19
‫ָבּ ִר‬ compensatory vowel lengthening under R1
‫ְמ ָב ַר‬ pael passive participle m s absolute Daniel 2:20

‫גדד‬ (peal) to cut, hew down

‫ֹגּדּוּ‬ peal imperative m pl Daniel 4:11, 4:20

‫גוח‬ (aphel) to break, burst forth, stir up

‫יחן‬
ָ ‫ְמ ִג‬ aphel participle f pl absolute Daniel 7:2

‫גזר‬ (peal) to cut, divine (hithpeel/ithpeel) to be broken off, cut out

‫ָגּזְ ִרין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:27, 5:11

‫ָגזְ ַריָּ א‬ peal participle m pl determined Daniel 4:4, 5:7

‫ִה ְת ְגּזֶ ֶרת‬ hithpeel perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:34

‫ִא ְת ְגּזֶ ֶרת‬ ithpeel perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:45

Page 7 of 41
 ‫גלה‬ (peal) to reveal (haphel) to lead off, take into exile

‫ִמ ְגלֵ א‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 2:47

‫ָגּ ֵלא‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:22, 2:28, 2:29, 2:47

‫ֲג ִלי‬ peil perfect 3 m s version 1 Daniel 2:19

‫ֱגּ ִלי‬ peil perfect 3 m s version 2 Daniel 2:30

‫ַה ְג ִלי‬ haphel perfect 3 m s Ezra 4:10, 5:12

‫גמר‬ (peal) to be complete, finished, perfect

‫גְּ ִמיר‬ peal passive participle m s absolute Ezra 7:12

‫דבח‬ (peal) to sacrifice, perform a sacrifice

‫ָד ְב ִחין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 6:3

‫דבק‬ (peal) to cling to, stick together

‫ָדּ ְב ִקין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:43

‫דור‬ (peal) to live, dwell

‫ְתּדוּר‬ peal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 4:18

‫יְ ֻדרוּן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl (kethib) Daniel 4:9

‫דוּרן‬
ָ ְ‫י‬ peal imperfect 3 f pl (qere) Daniel 4:9

‫ָד ֲא ִרין‬ peal participle m pl absolute (kethib) Daniel 2:38, 3:31, 6:26

‫ָדיְ ִרין‬ peal participle m pl absolute (qere) Daniel 2:38, 3:31, 6:26

‫ָדּ ֲא ֵרי‬ peal participle m pl construct (kethib) Daniel 4:32(x2)

‫ָדּיְ ֵרי‬ peal participle m pl construct (qere) Daniel 4:32(x2)

‫דוש‬ (peal) to tread down, tread under

peal imperfect 3 f s
‫דוּשׁנַּ הּ‬
ִ ‫ְת‬ + 3 f s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
Daniel 7:23

Page 8 of 41
 ‫דחל‬ (peal) to fear (pael) to frighten, make afraid

‫ָד ֲח ִלין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 5:19, 6:27

‫ְדּ ִחיל‬ peal participle passive m s absolute Daniel 2:31

‫ְדּ ִח ָילה‬ peal participle passive f s absolute Daniel 7:7, 7:19

pael imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:2
‫ַיד ֲח ִלנַּ נִ י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)

‫דין‬ (peal) to make a judgment

‫ָדּ ֲאנִ ין‬ peal participle m pl absolute kethib Ezra 7:25

‫ָדּאיְ נִ ין‬ peal participle m pl absolute qere Ezra 7:25

‫דלק‬ (peal) to burn

‫ָדּ ִלק‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 7:9

‫דמה‬ (peal) to resemble, be like

‫ָדּ ֵמה‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 3:25

‫ָדּ ְמיָה‬ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 7:5

(peal) to be crushed into pieces, shattered
‫דקק‬ (haphel/aphel) to crush, break into pieces
NB gemination metathesis – in haphel/aphel R1 is doubled

‫ָדּקוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 2:35

‫ַה ֶדּ ֶקת‬ haphel perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:45

‫ַה ֵדּ ֶקת‬ haphel perfect 3 f s variant Daniel 2:34

‫ַה ִדּקוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:25

‫ְמ ַה ֵדּק‬ haphel participle m s absolute Daniel 2:40

‫ַתּ ִדּק‬ aphel imperfect 3 f s Daniel 2:40, 2:44

aphel imperfect 3 f s
‫ַת ְדּ ִקנַּ הּ‬ + 3 f s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
Daniel 7:23

Page 9 of 41
‫ַמ ֱדּ ָקה‬ aphel participle f s absolute Daniel 7:7

‫ַמ ֲדּ ָקה‬ aphel participle f s absolute variant Daniel 7:19

‫הדר‬ (pael) to glorify (God)

‫ַה ְדּ ֵרת‬ pael perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:31

‫ַה ַדּ ְר ָתּ‬ pael perfect 2 m s Daniel 5:23

‫ְמ ַה ַדּר‬ pael participle m s absolute Daniel 4:34

‫הוה‬ (peal) to be, happen, exist, come to pass

peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:1, 4:7, 4:10, 7:2,
‫ֲהוֵ ית‬ 7:4, 7:6, 7:7, 7:8, 7:9,
7:11(x2), 7:13, 7:21
‫ֲהוַ יְ ָת‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 2:31, 2:34
peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 4:26, 5:19(x7), 7:13
‫ֲהוָ ה‬
peal perfect 3 m s variant spelling Ezra 5:11
‫ֲהוָ א‬ Daniel 5:19, 6:4, 6:11, 6:15
peal perfect 3 f s Ezra 4:24, 5:5
‫ֲהוָ ת‬ Daniel 2:35, 7:19
peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:20
‫ֲהווֹ‬ Daniel 2:35, 5:19, 6:5
peal imperfect 3 m s jussive: Ezra 4:12, 4:13,
‫ֶל ֱהוֵ א‬ 5:8, 7:26
imperfect: Ezra 6:9, 7:23,
7:26
jussive: Daniel 2:20, 2:28
imperfect: Daniel 2:29(x2),
2:41, 2:45, 3:18, 4:22, 5:29,
6:3
peal imperfect 3 f s jussive: Ezra 6:8
‫ֶתּ ֱהוֵ ה‬ imperfect: Daniel 2:40, 2:41,
2:42(x2), 4:24, 7:23
peal imperfect 3 m pl Ezra 6:10, 7:25
‫ֶל ֱהוֹן‬ Daniel 2:43(x2), 6:2, 6:3,
6:27
‫ֶל ֶהוְ יָ ן‬ peal imperfect 3 f pl jussive Daniel 5:17

‫ֱהווֹ‬ peal imperative m pl Ezra 4:22, 6:6

Page 10 of 41
 ‫הלך‬ (peal) to go (pael) to walk (about) (aphel) to walk (about)

Rosenthal proposes a second root ‫ הוך‬for the peal

peal imperfect 3ms jussive: Ezra 6:5
‫יְ ָה‬ progressive assimilation or second root imperfect: Ezra 5:5, 7:13
peal infinitive construct Ezra 7:13
‫ְמ ָה‬ progressive assimilation or second root
‫ְמ ַה ֵלּ‬ pael participle m s absolute Daniel 4:26

‫ַמ ְה ְל ִכין‬ aphel participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:25, 4:34

‫זבן‬ (peal) to buy, gain

‫זָ ְבנִ ין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:8

‫זהר‬ (peal) to caution, warn

‫זְ ִה ִירין‬ peal passive participle m pl absolute Ezra 4:22

‫זוד‬ (haphel) to be presumptious, act presumptuously

‫ֲהזָ ָדה‬ haphel infinitive construct Daniel 5:20

‫זון‬ (hithpeel) to live on, subsist on, feed oneself

hithpeel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:9
‫יִ ְתּזִ ין‬
gemination of preformative ‫ת‬

‫זוע‬ (peal) to tremble, shake

‫זָ ֲא ִﬠין‬ peal participle m pl absolute (kethib) Daniel 5:19, 6:27

‫זָ יְ ִﬠין‬ peal participle m pl absolute (qere) Daniel 5:19, 6:27

‫זמן‬ (hithpeel) to come to an understanding, agree, conspire

hithpeel perfect 2 m pl (qere) Daniel 2:9

‫ִהזְ ְדּ ִמנְ תּוּן‬ metathesis + partial assimilation of
preformative ‫ ת‬to ‫ד‬
hithpaal perfect 2 m pl (kethib) Daniel 2:9
‫ִהזַּ ִמּנְ תּוּן‬
preformative ‫ ת‬assimilated into R1 daghesh
*identified by Gordis as haphel

Page 11 of 41
 ‫זעק‬ (peal) to shriek, scream, cry out
Daniel 6:21
‫זְ ִﬠק‬ peal perfect 3 m s

‫זקפ‬ (peal) to raise, impale, lift up

Ezra 6:11
‫זְ ִקיף‬ peal passive participle m s absolute
(pael) to hurt, inflict injury, destroy
‫חבל‬ (hithpaal) to be destroyed, perish
pael perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:23
‫ַח ְבּלוּנִ י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix
pael imperative m pl Daniel 4:20
‫לוּהי‬
ִ ‫ַח ְבּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ְל ַח ָבּ ָלה‬ pael infinitive construct Ezra 6:12

‫ִת ְת ַח ַבּל‬ hithpaal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 2:44, 6:27, 7:14

(pael) to show, make known, declare
‫חוה‬ (haphel/aphel) to make known, interpret
pael imperfect 1 c s Daniel 2:24
‫ֲא ַחוֵּ א‬
pael imperfect 3 m s Daniel 5:7
‫יְ ַחוִּ נַּ נִ י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
pael imperfect 3 m s Daniel 2:11
‫יְ ַחוִּ נַּ הּ‬ + 3 f s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
‫נְ ַחוֵּ א‬ pael imperfect 1 c pl Daniel 2:4

‫יְ ַה ֲחוֵ ה‬ haphel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 5:12

‫נְ ַה ֲחוֵ ה‬ haphel imperfect 1 c pl Daniel 2:7

‫ְתּ ַה ֲחוֹן‬ haphel imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 2:6

haphel imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 2:9
‫ְתּ ַה ֲחוֻ נַּ נִ י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
haphel imperative m pl Daniel 2:6
‫ַה ֲחוֹנִ י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix
haphel infinitive construct Daniel 2:10, 2:16, 2;27, 3:32,
‫ַה ֲחוָ יָה‬ 5:15
‫ַא ֲחוָ יַ ת‬ aphel infinitive construct Daniel 5:12

Page 12 of 41
 ‫חוט‬ (aphel) to repair, join
aphel imperfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:12
‫יַ ִחיטוּ‬ Rosenthal proposes perfect from the root
‫“ יחט‬they have walled the foundations”
‫חזה‬ (peal) to see, perceive

‫ֲחזֵ ית‬ peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 2:26, 4:2, 4:6, 4:15

‫ֲחזַ יְ ָת‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 2:43, 2:45, 4:17

‫ֲחזַ יְ ָתה‬ peal perfect 2 m s variant Daniel 2:41(x2)

‫ֲחזָ ה‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 4:20, 7:1

peal perfect 2 m pl Daniel 2:8
‫ֲחזֵ יתוֹן‬ irregular spelling of sufformative
‫ֶמ ֱחזֵ א‬ peal infinitive construct Ezra 4:14

peal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:31, 2:34, 3:25, 4:7,

‫ָחזֵ ה‬ 4:10, 5:5, 7:2, 7:4, 7:6, 7:7,
7:9, 7:11x2, 7:13, 7:21
‫ָחזַ יִ ן‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:27, 5:23

‫ֲחזֵ ה‬ peal passive participle m s absolute Daniel 3:19

‫חטא‬ (pael) to sin, make a sin offering

‫ַח ָטּיָא‬ pael infinitive construct (kethib) Ezra 6:17

‫ַח ָטּ ָאה‬ pael infinitive construct (qere) Ezra 6:17

‫חיה‬ (peal) to live (aphel) to let live, keep alive

peal imperative m s Daniel 2:4, 3:9, 5:10, 6:7,
‫ֱחיִ י‬ 6:22
‫ַמ ֵחא‬ aphel participle m s Daniel 5:19

‫חלפ‬ (peal) to pass by, pass over

peal imperfect 3 m pl jussive: Daniel 4:13

‫יַ ְח ְלפוּן‬ imperfect: Daniel 4:20, 4:22,
4:29

Page 13 of 41
 ‫חנן‬ (peal) to show favour, show mercy (hithpaal) to implore favour

‫ִמ ַחן‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 4:24

‫ִמ ְת ַחנַּ ן‬ hithpaal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:12

‫חסן‬ (haphel/aphel) to take possession of, occupy

‫ֶה ֱח ִסנוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:22

‫יַ ְח ְסנוּן‬ aphel imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:18

‫חצף‬ (haphel/aphel) to be urgent, harsh, show insolence

‫ְמ ַה ְח ְצ ָפה‬ haphel participle f s absolute Daniel 2:15

‫ַמ ְח ְצ ָפה‬ aphel participle f s absolute Daniel 3:22

‫חרב‬ (hophal) to be laid waste

‫ָה ָח ְר ַבת‬ hophal perfect 3 f s Ezra 4:15

‫חרך‬ (hithpaal) to be singed, burnt

‫ִה ְת ָח ַר‬ hithpaal perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:27

‫חשב‬ (peal) to consider, respect, think, account

‫ֲח ִשׁ ִיבין‬ peal passive participle m pl absolute Daniel 4:32

‫חשח‬ (peal) to need, be in need of

peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:16
‫ַח ְשׁ ִחין‬ Irregular pathach under R1.
Jerusalmi suggests a noun derived from
Akkadian

‫חשל‬ (peal) to subdue, crush, shatter

‫ָח ֵשׁל‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:40

‫חתם‬ (peal) to seal

peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:18

‫ַח ְת ַמהּ‬ + 3 f s pronominal suffix

Page 14 of 41
 ‫טאב‬ (peal) to be good, glad

‫ְט ֵאב‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:24

‫טלל‬ (aphel) to dwell, seek protection, seek shade

aphel imperfect 3 f s Daniel 4:9

‫ַתּ ְט ֵלל‬
‫ א‬drops from preformative and tav assumes
pathach

‫טעם‬ (pael) to feed, give to eat, make to eat

pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:22, 4:29
‫יְ ַט ֲﬠמוּן‬
pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:21
‫יְ ַט ֲﬠמוּנֵּ הּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix (energic nun)

‫טרד‬ (peal) to drive away, chase away (peil) to be chased

‫ָט ְר ִדין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 4:22, 4:29

‫ְט ִריד‬ peil perfect 3 m s Daniel 4:30, 5:21

‫יבל‬ (haphel) to bring, carry, bear along

NB takes Tsere Yod instead of Holem Waw after the preformative

‫ֵה ֵיבל‬ haphel perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:14, 6:5

‫ֵה ָיב ָלה‬ haphel infinitive construct Ezra 7:15

‫ידה‬ (haphel/aphel) to praise, give thanks

‫הוֹדא‬
ֵ ‫ְמ‬ haphel participle m s absolute Daniel 2:23

‫מוֹדא‬
ֵ aphel participle m s absolute Daniel 6:11

‫ידע‬ (peal) to know, learn, understand (haphel) to make known, inform

‫יִ ְד ֵﬠת‬ peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:6

‫יְ ַד ְﬠ ָתּ‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 5:22

‫יְ ַדע‬ peal pefect 3 m s Daniel 5:21, 6:11

‫ִאנְ ַדּע‬ peal imperfect 1 c s nasalization Daniel 2:9

Page 15 of 41
 peal imperfect 2 m s nasalization Ezra 4:15
‫ִתנְ ַדּע‬ Daniel 2:30, 4:22, 4:23, 4:29
‫יִ נְ ְדּעוּן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl nasalization Daniel 4:14

‫ַדּע‬ peal imperative m s Daniel 6:16

peal participle m s absolute Ezra 7:25
‫יָ ַדע‬ Daniel 2:8, 2:22
‫יָ ְד ִﬠין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 5:23
peal participle m pl construct Ezra 7:25
‫יָ ְד ֵﬠי‬ Daniel 2:21
peal passive participle m s absolute Ezra 4:12, 4:13, 5:8
ַ ‫יְ ִדי‬ Daniel 3:18
haphel perfect 2 m s Daniel 2:23
‫הוֹד ְﬠ ַתּנִ י‬
ַ + 1 c s pronominal suffix
haphel perfect 2 m s Daniel 2:23
‫הוֹד ְﬠ ֶתּנָ א‬
ַ + 1 c pl pronominal suffix
‫הוֹד ְﬠנָ א‬
ַ haphel perfect 1 c pl Ezra 4:14

‫הוֹדע‬
ַ haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:15, 2:17, 2:28, 2:45
haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:29
‫הוֹד ָﬠ‬
ְ + 2 m s pronominal suffix
haphel imperfect 1 c s Daniel 5:17
‫הוֹד ִﬠנֵּ הּ‬
ְ ‫ֲא‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
‫הוֹדע‬
ַ ְ‫י‬ haphel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 2:25
haphel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 7:16
‫הוֹד ִﬠנַּ נִ י‬
ְ ְ‫י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
haphel imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 2:5
‫הוֹדעוּנַּ נִ י‬
ְ ‫ְת‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
‫הוֹדעוּן‬
ְ ‫ְתּ‬ haphel imperfect 2 m pl Ezra 7:25
haphel imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 2:9
‫הוֹד ֻﬠנַּ נִ י‬
ְ ‫ְת‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
‫הוֹדעוּן‬
ְ ְ‫י‬ haphel imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 2:30
haphel imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:3
‫הוֹד ֻﬠנַּ נִ י‬
ְ ְ‫י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
‫הוֹד ָﬠה‬
ָ haphel infinitive construct Daniel 5:8
haphel infinitive construct Daniel 2:26, 4:15, 5:15, 5:16
‫הוֹד ֻﬠ ַתנִ י‬
ָ + 1 c s pronominal suffix
haphel infinitive construct Ezra 5:10
‫עוּת‬
ָ ‫הוֹד‬
ָ + 2 m s pronominal suffix
haphel participle m pl absolute Ezra 4:16, 7:24
‫הוֹד ִﬠין‬
ְ ‫ְמ‬ Daniel 4:4

Page 16 of 41
 ‫יהב‬ (peal) to give (peil) to be given (hithpeel) to be given
peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 2:23
‫יְ ַה ְב ְתּ‬
peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:12, 5:16
‫יְ ַהב‬ Daniel 2:37, 2:38, 2:48, 5:18,
5:19
‫יְ ַהבוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:28

‫ַהב‬ peal imperative m s Daniel 5:17

‫יָ ֵהב‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:21

‫יָ ֲה ִבין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 6:3

‫יְ ִהיב‬ peil perfect 3 m s Daniel 7:4, 7:6, 7:14

‫יְ ִהב‬ peil perfect 3 m s defective spelling Daniel 7:22

‫יְ ִה ַיבת‬ peil perfect 3 f s Daniel 5:28, 7:11, 7:12, 7:27

‫יְ ִהיבוּ‬ peil perfect 3 m pl Ezra 5:14

‫יִ ְתיְ ִהב‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s jussive Daniel 4:13

‫ִתּ ְתיְ ִהב‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 f s jussive Ezra 6:4

‫יִ ְתיַ ֲהבוּן‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:25

‫ִמ ְתיְ ֵהב‬ hithpeel participle m s absolute Ezra 4:20, 6:9

‫ִמ ְתיַ ֲה ָבא‬ hithpeel participle f s absolute Ezra 6:8

‫ִמ ְתיַ ֲה ִבין‬ hithpeel participle m pl absolute Ezra 7:19

‫יטב‬ (peal) to be pleasing, to be good

Only attested formation from ancient secondary root

‫יטב‬
ַ ִ‫י‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Ezra 7:18

‫יכל‬ (peal) to be able, prevail against, deliver, defeat

‫יְ ֵכ ְל ָתּ‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 2:47

‫יְ ִכל‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:21

‫תוּכל‬
ַ peal imperfect 2 m s (kethib) Daniel 5:16(x2)

Page 17 of 41
 ‫ִתיכּוּל‬ peal imperfect 2 m s (qere) Daniel 5:16

‫ִתּכוּל‬ peal imperfect 2 m s (qere) variant Daniel 5:16

‫יוּכל‬
ַ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 2:10

‫יִ ֻכּל‬ peal imperfect 3 m s variant Daniel 3:29

‫יָ ִכל‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 3:17, 4:34

‫יָ ְכ ָלה‬ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 7:21

‫יָ ְכ ִלין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:27, 4:15, 6:5

‫יסף‬ (hophal) to be added

‫הוּס ַפת‬
ְ hophal perfect 3 f s Daniel 4:33

‫יעט‬ (peal) to advise, give counsel (ithpaal) to consult together

peal participle m pl construct Ezra 7:14
‫יָ ֲﬠט ִֹהי‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
peal participle m pl construct variant Ezra 7:15
‫טוֹהי‬
ִ ‫יָ ֲﬠ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ִא ְתיָ ַﬠטוּ‬ ithpaal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:8

‫יצב‬ (pael) to make certain, determine, know the truth

‫יַ ָצּ ָבא‬ pael infinitive construct Daniel 7:19

‫יקד‬ (peal) to burn

peal participle f s determined Daniel 3:6, 3:11, 3:15, 3:17,

‫יָ ִק ְד ָתּא‬ 3:20, 3:21, 3:23, 3:26
(peal) to sit, be seated, dwell, reside
‫יתב‬ (haphel) to allow to dwell, cause to dwell
peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 7:9, 7:10
‫יְ ִתב‬
peal imperfect 3 m s defective spelling Daniel 7:26
‫יִ ִתּב‬ dissimilation/nasalization in R2
‫יָ ְת ִבין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 4:17

‫הוֹתב‬
ֵ haphel perfect 3 m s Ezra 4:10

Page 18 of 41
 ‫כהל‬ (peal) to be able

‫ָכּ ֵהל‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:26, 4:15

‫ָכ ֲה ִלין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 5:8, 5:15

‫כלל‬ (shaphel) to finish, (hishtaphel/ ishtaphel) to be completed

shaphel perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:11
‫ַשׁ ְכ ְל ֵלהּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
shaphel perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:12 (qere), 6:14
‫ַשׁ ְכ ִללוּ‬
shaphel infinitive construct Ezra 5:3, 5:9
‫ַשׁ ְכ ָל ָלה‬
paragogic ‫ה‬

‫יִ ְשׁ ַתּ ְכ ְללוּן‬ hishtaphel imperfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:13, 4:16

‫ֲא ַשׁ ְכ ְללוּ‬ ishtaphel perfect 3 m pl (kethib) Ezra 4:12

‫כנש‬ (peal) to assemble, gather (hithpaal) to gather together, be assembled

‫ִמ ְכנַ שׁ‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 3:2

‫ִמ ְת ַכּנְּ ִשׁין‬ hithpaal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:3, 3:27

‫כפת‬ (peal) to bind (peil) to be bound (pael) to bind

‫ְכּ ִפתוּ‬ peil perfect 3 m pl defective spelling Daniel 3:21

‫ַכ ָפּ ָתה‬ pael infinitive construct Daniel 3:20

‫ְמ ַכ ְפּ ִתין‬ pael passive participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:23, 3:24

‫כרה‬ (ithpeel) to be distressed, be grieved

‫ֶא ְת ְכּ ִריַּ ת‬ ithpeel perfect 3 f s Daniel 7:15

‫כרז‬ (haphel) to herald, proclaim, make proclamation

‫ַה ְכ ִרזוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:29

Page 19 of 41
 ‫כתב‬ (peal) to write (peil) to be written

‫ְכּ ַתב‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:26, 7:1

‫ְכּ ַתבוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:8

‫נִ ְכ ֻתּב‬ peal imperfect 1 c pl Ezra 5:10

‫ָכ ְת ָבה‬ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 5:5

‫ָכ ְת ָבן‬ peal participle f pl absolute Daniel 5:5

‫ְכּ ִתיב‬ peil perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:7, 6:2

‫לבש‬ (peal) to be clothed (haphel) to clothe someone

‫ִת ְל ַבּשׁ‬ peal imperfect 2 m s Daniel 5:16

‫יִ ְל ַבּשׁ‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 5:7

‫ַה ְל ִבּישׁוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:29

‫מגר‬ (pael) to overthrow

‫יְ ַמגַּ ר‬ pael imperfect 3 m s jussive Ezra 6:12

(peal) to strike (pael) to strike, hinder
‫מחא‬ (hithpeel) to be impaled, allow to be stricken
‫ְמ ָחת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:34, 2:35

‫יְ ַמ ֵחא‬ pael imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:32

‫יִ ְת ְמ ֵחא‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s jussive Ezra 6:11

‫מטא‬ (peal) to reach, attain to, come to, occur

‫ְמ ָטה‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 7:13, 7:22

peal perfect 3 m s variant Daniel 4:25
‫ְמּ ָטא‬ reading in Codex Leningradensis – many
manuscripts read ‫ְמ ָטא‬

‫ְמ ָטת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 4:19, 4:21

Page 20 of 41
 ‫ְמטוֹ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:25

‫יִ ְמ ֵטא‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:8, 4:17

‫מלא‬ (peal) to fill (hithpeel) to be filled (with)

‫ְמ ָלת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:35

‫ִה ְת ְמ ִלי‬ hithpeel perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:19

‫מלח‬ (peal) to eat salt

‫ְמ ַל ְחנָ א‬ peal perfect 1 c pl Ezra 4:14

‫מלל‬ (pael) to speak, say

‫ַמ ִלּל‬ pael perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:22

‫יְ ַמ ִלּל‬ pael imperfect 3 m s Daniel 7:25

‫ְמ ַמ ִלּל‬ pael participle m s absolute Daniel 7:8, 7:20

‫ְמ ַמלֱּ ָלה‬ pael participle f s absolute Daniel 7:11

‫מנה‬ (peal) to count, number (pael) to appoint

‫ְמנָ ה‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:26

‫ַמנִּ י‬ pael perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:24, 2:49

‫ֶמנִּ י‬ pael imperative m s Ezra 7:25

‫ית‬
ָ ִ‫ַמנּ‬ pael perfect 2 m s Daniel 3:12

‫מרט‬ (peil) to be plucked off

peil perfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:4
‫ְמּ ִריטוּ‬ variant reading in Codex Leningradensis –
many manuscripts read ‫ְמ ִריטוּ‬

‫נבא‬ (hithpaal) to prophesy

‫ִה ְתנַ ִבּי‬ hithpaal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:1

Page 21 of 41
 ‫נגד‬ (peal) to flow, gush

‫נָ ֵגד‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 7:10

‫נדב‬ (hithpaal) to be agreeable, give freely, donate

‫ִה ְתנַ ַדּבוּ‬ hithpaal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 7:15

hithpaal infinitive construct Ezra 7:16
‫ִה ְתנַ ָדּבוּת‬ used as noun
‫ִמ ְתנַ ַדּב‬ hithpaal participle m s absolute Ezra 7:13

‫ִמ ְתנַ ְדּ ִבין‬ hithpaal participle m pl absolute Ezra 7:16

‫נדד‬ (peal) to flee

‫נַ ַדּת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 6:19

‫נוד‬ (peal) to flee, shake, tremble

‫ְתּנֻ ד‬ peal imperfect 3 f s jussive Daniel 4:11

‫נזק‬ (peal) to come to grief, suffer injury (haphel) to damage, injure

‫נָ זִ ק‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:3

‫ְתּ ַהנְ זִ ק‬ haphel imperfect 3 f s Ezra 4:13

‫ַהנְ זָ ַקת‬ haphel infinitive construct Ezra 4:22

‫ְמ ַהנְ זְ ַקת‬ haphel participle f s construct Ezra 4:15

(peal) to come down, descend (haphel/aphel) to deposit
‫נחת‬ (hophal) to be deposed, cast down
‫נָ ִחת‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 4:10, 4:20

‫ְמ ַה ֲח ִתין‬ haphel passive participle m pl absolute Ezra 6:1

‫ַת ֵחת‬ aphel imperfect 2 m s Ezra 6:5

‫ֲא ֵחת‬ aphel imperative m s Ezra 5:15

‫ָהנְ ַחת‬ hophal perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:20

Page 22 of 41
 ‫נטל‬ (peal) to lift, lift up (peil) to be lifted

‫נִ ְט ֵלת‬ peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:31

‫נְ ִט ַילת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 7:4

‫נטר‬ (peal) to keep

‫נִ ְט ֵרת‬ peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 7:28

‫נסח‬ (hithpael) to be pulled out, torn away

‫יִ ְתנְ ַסח‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s jussive Ezra 6:11

‫נסך‬ (pael) to offer up, pour out

‫נַ ָסּ ָכה‬ pael infinitive construct Daniel: 2:46

‫נפל‬ (peal) to fall

‫נְ ַפל‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:46, 4:28

‫נְ ַפלוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel: 3:23, 7:20 (kethib)

‫נְ ַפ ָלה‬ peal perfect 3 f pl qere Daniel 7:20

peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 3:6, 3:10, 3:11
‫יִ ֵפּל‬ progressive assimilation of R1 by R2
peal imperfect 3 m s variant Ezra 7:20
‫יִ ֶפּל‬ progressive assimilation of R1 by R2
peal imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 3:5, 3:15
‫ִתּ ְפּלוּן‬ progressive assimilation of R1 by R2
‫נָ ְפ ִלין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:7

‫נפק‬ (peal) to go/come out, come forth (haphel) to take out, bring forth

‫נְ ַפק‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:14

‫נֶ ְפ ַקת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:13

‫נְ ַפקוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl (kethib) Daniel 5:5

‫נְ ַפ ָקה‬ peal perfect 3 f pl (qere) Daniel 5:5

‫ֻפּקוּ‬ peal imperative m pl Daniel 3:26

Page 23 of 41
 ‫נָ ֵפק‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 7:10

‫נָ ְפ ִקין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:26

haphel perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:14(x2), 6:5
‫ַהנְ ֵפּק‬ Daniel 5:2
‫ַהנְ ִפּקוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:3

‫נצח‬ (hithpaal) to excel, distinguish oneself

‫ִמ ְתנַ ַצּח‬ hithpaal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:4

‫נצל‬ (haphel/aphel) to rescue, save, deliver

haphel infinitive construct Daniel 3:29
‫ַה ָצּ ָלה‬
haphel infinitive construct Daniel 6:15
‫לוּתהּ‬
ֵ ‫ַה ָצּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ַמ ִצּל‬ aphel participle m s absolute Daniel 6:28

‫נקש‬ (peal) to strike on another, knock (knees)

‫נָ ְק ָשׁן‬ peal participle f pl absolute Daniel 5:6

‫נשא‬ (peal) to carry away (hithpaal) to rise up

‫נְ ָשׂא‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:35

‫ֵשׂא‬ peal imperative m s Ezra 5:15

‫ִמ ְתנַ ְשּׂ ָאה‬ hithpaal participle f s absolute Ezra 4:19

‫נתן‬ (peal) to give, pay

‫ִתּנְ ֵתּן‬ peal perfect 2 m s Ezra 7:20

‫יִ נְ ֵתּן‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 2:16

peal imperfect 3 m Daniel 4:14, 4:22, 4:29
‫יִ ְתּנִ נַּ הּ‬ + 3 f s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
‫יִ נְ ְתּנוּן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:13

‫ִמנְ ַתּן‬ peal infinitive construct Ezra 7:20

Page 24 of 41
 ‫נתר‬ (aphel) to strip off

‫ַא ַתּרוּ‬ aphel imperative m pl Daniel 4:11

‫סבל‬ (saphal) to bear a load, be laid

saphal passive participle m pl absolute Ezra 6:3

‫סוֹבלִ ין‬
ְ ‫ְמ‬ *identified as poel by HALOT

‫סבר‬ (peal) to think, intend

‫יִ ְס ַבּר‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 7:25

‫סגד‬ (peal) to pay homage, bow down in worship

‫ְס ִגד‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:46

‫יִ ְס ֻגּד‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 3:6, 3:10, 3:11

‫נִ ְס ֻגּד‬ peal imperfect 1 c pl Daniel 3:18

‫ִת ְס ְגּדוּן‬ peal imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 3:5, 3:15(x2)

‫יִ ְס ְגּדוּן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:28

‫ָס ְג ִדין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:7, 3:12, 3:14

‫סגר‬ (peal) to shut, close

‫ֲסגַ ר‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:23

(peal) to be fulfilled, completed, come to an end
‫סוף‬ (aphel) to put an end to, annihilate

‫ָס ַפת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 4:30

‫ָת ֵסיף‬ aphel imperfect 3 f s Daniel 2:44

(peal) to go up, come up, ascend
‫סלק‬ (haphel) to take up (hophal) to be lifted up
peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 7:8, 7:20
‫ִס ְל ָקת‬
peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:12
‫ְס ִלקוּ‬ Daniel 2:29
‫ָס ְל ָקן‬ peal participle f pl absolute Daniel 7:3

Page 25 of 41
 haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:22
‫ַה ִסּקוּ‬ regressive assimilation of R2 by R1
haphel infinitive construct Daniel 6:24
‫ַהנְ ָס ָקה‬ regressive assimilation of R2 by R1 and
nasalization
hophal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:24
‫ֻה ַסּק‬ regressive assimilation of R2 by R1

‫סעד‬ (pael) to aid, support

pael participle m pl absolute Ezra 5:2

‫ְמ ָס ֲﬠ ִדין‬ compensatory lengthening of vowel under
R1

‫סתר‬ (peal) to destroy, demolish (pael) to hide, remove from sight

peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:12
‫ַס ְת ֵרהּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ְמ ַס ְתּ ָר ָתא‬ pael passive participle f pl determined Daniel 2:22

‫עבד‬ (peal) to do, make (hithpeel) to be done, made

‫ַﬠ ְב ֵדת‬ peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 3:15, 6:23

‫ֲﬠ ַב ְד ְתּ‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 4:32

‫ֲﬠ ַבד‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:1, 3:32, 5:1

peal perfect 3 m pl Jeremiah 10:11
‫ֲﬠ ַבדוּ‬ Ezra 6:13, 6:16
‫ַתּ ַﬠ ְבדוּן‬ peal imperfect 2 m pl Ezra 6:8, 7:18

‫ֶמ ְﬠ ַבּד‬ peal infinitive construct Ezra 4:22, 7:18

peal participle m s absolute Ezra 7:26
‫ָﬠ ֵבד‬ Daniel 4:32, 6:11, 6:28
‫ָﬠ ְב ָדה‬ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 7:21

‫ָﬠ ְב ִדין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 4:15

‫ִתּ ְת ַﬠ ְבדוּן‬ hithpeel imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 2:5

‫יִ ְת ֲﬠ ֵבד‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 3:29

‫יִ ְת ֲﬠ ֵבד‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s jussive Ezra 6:11, 7:23

‫יִ ְת ֲﬠ ִבד‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s jussive variant Ezra 6:12, 7:21

Page 26 of 41
 ‫ִמ ְת ֲﬠ ֶבד‬ hithpeel participle m s absolute Ezra 4:19, 7:26

‫ִמ ְת ַﬠ ְב ָדא‬ hithpeel participle f s absolute Ezra 5:8

(peal) to pass away, take away, revoke, touch
‫עדה‬ (haphel) to take away, remove, depose

‫ֲﬠ ָדת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 3:27, 4:28

‫יֶ ְﬠ ֵדּה‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 7:14

‫ֶת ְﬠ ֵדּא‬ peal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 6:9, 6:13

‫ֶה ְﬠ ִדּיוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:20

‫ֶה ְﬠ ִדּיו‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl variant Daniel 7:12

‫יְ ַה ְﬠדּוֹן‬ haphel imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:26

‫ְמ ַה ְﬠ ֵדּה‬ haphel participle m s absolute Daniel 2:21

‫עלל‬ (peal) to go in, enter (haphel) to bring in (hophal) to be brought

peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:16, 2:24, 4:5, 6:11
‫ַﬠל‬
peal perfect 3 f s (kethib) Daniel 5:10
‫ַﬠלֲ ַלת‬ indication of original separateness of
R2 and R3
peal perfect 3 f s (qere) Daniel 5:10
‫ַﬠ ַלּת‬ gemination
‫ָﬠלֲ ִלין‬ peal participle m pl absolute (kethib) Daniel 4:4

‫ָﬠ ְל ִלין‬ peal participle m pl absolute (kethib) variant Daniel 5:8

peal participle m pl absolute (qere) Daniel 4:4, 5:8
‫ָﬠ ִלּין‬ gemination
‫ַהנְ ֵﬠל‬ haphel perfect 3 m s nasalization Daniel 2:25, 6:19
haphel imperative m s Daniel 2:24
‫ַה ֵﬠ ְלנִ י‬ + 1 c s pronominal suffix
compensatory lengthening of vowel under
R1
‫ַהנְ ָﬠ ָלה‬ haphel infinitive construct nasalization Daniel 4:3

‫ֶה ָﬠ ָלה‬ haphel infinitive construct variant Daniel 5:7

‫ֻה ַﬠל‬ hophal perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:13

‫ֻה ַﬠלּוּ‬ hophal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:15

Page 27 of 41
 ‫ענה‬ (peal) to answer, begin talking
Daniel 5:10
‫ֲﬠנָ ת וַ ֲא ֶמ ֶרת ֲﬠנָ ת‬ peal perfect 3 f s
Daniel 2:7, 2:10, 3:9, 3:16,
‫ֲﬠנוֹ וְ ָא ְמ ִרין ֲﬠנוֹ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl
6:14
Daniel 2:5, 2:8, 2:15, 2:20,
‫ָﬠנֵ ה וְ ָא ַמר ָﬠנֵ ה‬ peal participle m s absolute
2:26, 2:27, 2:47, 3:14, 3:19,
3:24, 3:25, 3:26, 3:28,
4:16(x2), 4:27, 5:7, 5:13,
5:17, 6:13, 6:17, 6:21, 7:2
‫ָﬠנַ יִ ן וְ ָא ְמ ִרין ָﬠנַ יִ ן‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:24

‫עקר‬ (ithpeel) to be plucked out, uprooted

‫ֶא ְת ֲﬠ ַקרוּ‬ ithpeel perfect 3 m pl (kethib) Daniel 7:8

‫ֶא ְת ֲﬠ ַק ָרה‬ ithpeel perfect 3 f pl (qere) Daniel 7:8

‫ערב‬ (pael) to mix, join together (hithpaal) to mingle

‫ְמ ָﬠ ַרב‬ pael passive participle m s absolute Daniel 2:41, 2:43

‫ִמ ְת ָﬠ ַרב‬ hithpaal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:43

‫ִמ ְת ָﬠ ְר ִבין‬ hithpaal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:43

‫עשת‬ (peal) to think, plan

‫ֲﬠ ִשׁית‬ peal passive participle m s absolute Daniel 6:4

‫פלג‬ (peal) to divide

‫ְפ ִליגָ ה‬ peal passive participle f s absolute Daniel 2:41

‫פלח‬ (peal) to serve, pay reverence

‫יִ ְפ ְלחוּן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:28, 7:14, 7:27

‫ָפּ ַלח‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:17, 6:21

‫ָפ ְל ִחין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:12, 3:14, 3:17, 3:18

‫ָפ ְל ֵחי‬ peal participle m pl construct Ezra 7:24

Page 28 of 41
 ‫פרס‬ (peil) to be divided, broken in two

‫ְפּ ִרי ַסת‬ peil perfect 3 f s Daniel 5:28

‫פרק‬ (peal) to remove, tear away, break off (sins)

peal imperative m s Daniel 4:24

‫ְפ ֻרק‬
‫פרש‬ (pael) to specify, distinguish, make distinct

‫ְמ ָפ ַרשׁ‬ pael passive participle m s absolute Ezra 4:18

‫פשר‬ (peal) to interpret (pael) to give an interpretation

‫ִמ ְפ ַשׁר‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 5:16

‫ְמ ַפ ַשּׁר‬ pael participle m s construct Daniel 5:12

‫פתח‬ (peal) to open (peil) to be opened

‫יחן‬
ָ ‫ְפּ ִת‬ peal passive participle f pl absolute Daniel 6:11

‫ְפּ ִתיחוּ‬ peil perfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:10

‫צבא‬ (peal) to desire, wish for, like, be pleased

‫ְצ ִבית‬ peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 7:19

‫יִ ְצ ֵבּא‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:14, 4:22, 4:29, 5:21

peal infinitive construct Daniel 4:32
‫ִמ ְצ ְבּיֵ הּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ָצ ֵבא‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 5:19(x4)

‫צבע‬ (pael) to moisten, wet (hithpaal) to be wet

pael participle m pl absolute Daniel 4:22
‫ְמ ַצ ְבּ ִﬠין‬
hithpaal imperfect 3 m s metathesis jussive: Daniel 4:12, 4:20
‫יִ ְצ ַט ַבּע‬ imperfect: Daniel 4:30, 5:21
partial assimilation of ‫ ת‬to ‫ט‬

Page 29 of 41
 ‫צלא‬ (pael) to pray

‫ְמ ַצ ֵלּא‬ pael participle m s absolute Daniel 6:11

‫ְמ ַצ ַלּיִ ן‬ pael participle m pl absolute Ezra 6:10

‫צלח‬ (haphel/aphel) to prosper, be successful

‫ַה ְצ ַלח‬ haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:30, 6:29

‫ַמ ְצ ַלח‬ aphel participle m s absolute Ezra 5:8

‫ַמ ְצ ְל ִחין‬ aphel participle m pl absolute Ezra 6:14

‫קבל‬ (pael) to receive

‫ַק ֵבּל‬ pael perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:1

‫ְתּ ַק ְבּלוּן‬ pael imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 2:6

‫יְ ַק ְבּלוּן‬ pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:18

(peal) to rise, stand, endure (pael) to establish
‫קום‬ (haphel/aphel) to set up, establish, (hophal) to be set up
‫ָקם‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:24

‫ָקמוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 5:2

‫יְ קוּם‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 6:20, 7:24

‫ְתּקוּם‬ peal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 2:39, 2:44

‫יְ קוּמוּן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:10, 7:17

‫יְ ֻקמוּן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl variant Daniel 7:24

‫קוּמי‬
ִ peal imperative f s Daniel 7:5

‫ָק ֵאם‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:31

‫ָק ֲא ִמין‬ peal participle m pl absolute (kethib) Daniel 3:3

‫ָקיְ ִמין‬ peal participle m pl absolute (qere) Daniel 3:3

‫ָק ֲא ַמיָּ א‬ peal participle m pl determined Daniel 7:16

‫ַקיָּ ָמה‬ pael infinitive construct Daniel 6:8

Page 30 of 41
 ‫ימת‬
ֶ ‫ֲה ֵק‬ haphel perfect 1 c s Daniel 3:14

‫ימ ָתּ‬
ְ ‫ֲה ֵק‬ haphel perfect 2 m s Daniel 3:12, 3:18
haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:2, 3:3(x2), 3:5,
‫ֲה ֵקים‬ 3:7
‫ֲה ִקים‬ haphel perfect 3 m s variant Daniel 6:2
haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:11
‫ימהּ‬
ֵ ‫ֲה ִק‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ֲה ִקימוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Ezra 6:18

‫יְ ָה ֵקים‬ haphel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 5:21, 6:16

haphel infinitive construct Daniel 6:4
‫מוּתהּ‬
ֵ ‫ֲה ָק‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ְמ ָה ֵקים‬ haphel participle m s absolute Daniel 2:21
aphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:1
‫ימהּ‬
ֵ ‫ֲא ִק‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ְתּ ִקים‬ aphel imperfect 2 m s Daniel 6:9

‫יְ ִקים‬ aphel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 2:44, 4:14

‫ימת‬
ַ ‫ֳה ִק‬ hophal perfect 3 f s Daniel 7:4

‫ֳה ִק ַמת‬ hophal perfect 3 f s variant Daniel 7:5

(peal) to kill (peil) to be killed (hithpeel) to be killed
‫קטל‬ (pael) to kill (hithpaal) to be killed

‫ָק ֵטל‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 5:19

‫ְק ִטיל‬ peil perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:30

‫ְק ִט ַילת‬ peil perfect 3 f s Daniel 7:11

‫ַק ִטּל‬ pael perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:22

‫ַק ָטּ ָלה‬ pael infinitive construct Daniel 2:14

‫ִה ְת ְק ָט ָלה‬ hithpeel infinitive construct Daniel 2:13

‫ִמ ְת ַק ְטּ ִלין‬ hithpaal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:13

‫קנה‬ (peal) to acquire, buy, purchase

‫ִת ְקנֵ א‬ peal imperfect 2 m s Ezra 7:17

Page 31 of 41
 ‫קצף‬ (peal) to become angry, furious

‫ְק ַצף‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:12

‫קצץ‬ (pael) to cut off

‫ַק ִצּצוּ‬ pael imperative m pl Daniel 4:11

(peal) to call, proclaim, read aloud (peil) to be read
‫קרא‬ (hithpeel) to be summoned, be called

‫ֶא ְק ֵרא‬ peal imperfect 1 c s Daniel 5:17

‫יִ ְק ֵרה‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 5:7

‫יִ ְקרוֹן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:15

‫ִמ ְק ֵרא‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 5:8, 5:16

‫ָק ֵרא‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 3:4, 4:11, 5:7

‫ֱק ִרי‬ peil perfect 3 m s Ezra 4:18, 4:23

hithpeel imperfect 3 m s jussive form Daniel 5:12
‫יִ ְת ְק ֵרי‬ apocopated – possible old jussive form
(peal) to approach (pael) to offer, draw near
‫קרב‬ (haphel) to summon, be summoned, bring near, allow to enter

‫ִק ְר ֵבת‬ peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 7:16

‫ְק ֵרב‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:26

‫ְק ִריבוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:13

‫ְק ִרבוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl variant Daniel 3:8

peal infinitive construct Daniel 6:21
‫ִמ ְק ְר ֵבהּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ְת ָק ֵרב‬ pael imperfect 2 m s Ezra 7:17

‫ַה ְק ִרבוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Ezra 6:17

haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:13
‫בוּהי‬
ִ ‫ַה ְק ְר‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫ְמ ַה ְק ְר ִבין‬ haphel participle m pl absolute Ezra 6:10

Page 32 of 41
 (peal) to become great, grow great, increase
‫רבה‬ (pael) to make great, make high

‫ְר ַבית‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 4:19

‫ְר ָבה‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 4:8, 4:17, 4:30

‫ְר ָבת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 4:19

‫ַר ִבּי‬ pael perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:48

‫רגז‬ (haphel) to anger, irritate, enrage

‫ַה ְר ִגּזוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Ezra 5:12

‫רגש‬ (haphel) to gather together, act in agreement, be in tumult

‫ַה ְר ִגּשׁוּ‬ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:7, 6:12, 6:16

(peal) to rise up, be arrogant (aphel) to exalt, elevate, rise
‫רום‬ (polel) to praise (hithpolel) to rise up, lift oneself up

‫ִרם‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:20

‫רוֹמם‬
ֵ ‫ְמ‬ polel participle m s absolute Daniel 4:34

‫רוֹמ ְמ ָתּ‬
ַ ‫ִה ְת‬ hithpolel perfect 2 m s Daniel 5:23

‫ָמ ִרים‬ aphel participle m s absolute Daniel 5:19

‫רחץ‬ (hithpeel) to trust

‫ִה ְת ְר ִחצוּ‬ hithpeel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:28

(peal) to cast, throw, place, impose (peil) to be cast, thrown
‫רמה‬ (hithpeel) to be thrown, cast

‫ְר ֵמינָ א‬ peal perfect 1 c pl Daniel 3:24

peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:17, 6:25
‫ְרמוֹ‬
peal infinitive construct Ezra 7:24
‫ִמ ְר ֵמא‬ Daniel 3:20
‫ְר ִמיו‬ peil perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:21, 7:9

‫ִת ְת ְרמוֹן‬ hithpeel imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 3:15

‫יִ ְת ְר ֵמא‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 3:6, 3:11, 6:8, 6;13

Page 33 of 41
 ‫רעע‬ (peal) to crush, break, shatter
peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:40
ַ ֹ ‫ֵתר‬ metathesis of gemination causing
compensatory vowel lengthening under ‫ת‬
pael participle m s absolute Daniel 2:40
‫ְמ ָר ַﬠע‬ compensatory vowel lengthening under R1

‫רפס‬ (peal) to tread down, trample

‫ָר ְפ ָסה‬ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 7:7, 7:19

‫רשמ‬ (peal) to write, inscribe (peil) to be written

‫ְר ַשׁ ְמ ָתּ‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 6:13, 6:14

‫ְר ַשׁם‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:10

‫ִת ְר ֻשׁם‬ peal imperfect 2 m s Daniel 6:9

‫ְר ִשׁים‬ peil perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:24, 5:25, 6:11

‫שגא‬ (peal) to become great, grow great, abound, increase

peal imperfect 3 m s imperfect: Ezra 4:22
‫יִ ְשׂגֵּ א‬ jussive: Daniel 3:31, 6:26
(peal) to put, place, set, lay (peil) to be made
‫שים‬ (hithpeel) to be put, be turned into, be given

‫ָשׂ ֶמת‬ peal perfect 1 c s Ezra 6:12

‫ָשׂ ְמ ָתּ‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 3:10

peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:3, 5:9, 5:13, 6:1, 6:3
‫ָשׂם‬ Daniel 5:12, 6:14, 6:15
peal perfect 3 m s
‫ָשׂ ֵמהּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
Ezra 5:14

‫ָשׂמוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:12

‫ִשׂימוּ‬ peal imperative m pl Ezra 4:21

peil perfect 3 m s Ezra 4:19, 5:17, 6:8, 6:11,
‫ִשׂים‬ Rosenthal suggests this form could be a 7:13, 7:21
participle Daniel 3:29, 4:3, 6:27
‫ֻשׂ ַמת‬ peil perfect 3 f s Daniel 6:18

Page 34 of 41
 ‫יִ ְתּ ָשׂם‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s Ezra 4:21

‫יִ ְתּ ָשׂמוּן‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 2:5

‫ִמ ְתּ ָשׂם‬ hithpeel participle m s absolute Ezra 5:8

‫שכל‬ (hithpaal) to consider, contemplate, have regard for

‫ִמ ְשׂ ַתּ ַכּל‬ hithpaal participle m s absolute Daniel 7:8

‫שנא‬ (peal) to hate

peal participle m pl construct (kethib) Daniel 4:16
ִ‫ָשׂנְ ַאי‬ + 2 m s pronominal suffix
peal participle m s contruct (qere) Daniel 4:16
‫ָשׂנְ ָא‬ + 2 m s pronominal suffix

‫שאל‬ (peal) to ask, ask for, request, enquire

‫ְשׁ ֵאל‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:10

‫ְשׁ ֵא ְלנָ א‬ peal perfect 1 c pl Ezra 5:9, 5:10

peal imperfect 3 m s Ezra 7:21
‫יִ ְשׁ ֲא ֶלנְ כוֹן‬ + 2 m pl pronominal suffix
‫ָשׁ ֵאל‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:11, 2:27

‫שבח‬ (pael) to praise, laud, adulate, adore

‫ַשׁ ְבּ ֵחת‬ pael perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:31

‫ַשׁ ַבּ ְח ָתּ‬ pael perfect 2 m s Daniel 5:23

‫ַשׁ ַבּחוּ‬ pael perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:4

‫ְמ ַשׁ ַבּח‬ pael participle m s absolute Daniel 2:23, 4:34

‫שבק‬ (peal) to leave behind, leave alone (hithpeel) to be left, passed onto
peal imperative m pl Ezra 6:7
‫ְשׁ ֻבקוּ‬ Daniel 4:12, 4:20
‫ִמ ְשׁ ַבּק‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 4:23

‫ִת ְשׁ ְתּ ִבק‬ hithpeel imperfect 3 f s metathesis Daniel 2:44

Page 35 of 41
 ‫שבש‬ (hithpaal) to be perplexed

‫ִמ ְשׁ ַתּ ְבּ ִשׁין‬ hithpaal participle m pl absolute metathesis Daniel 5:9

‫שדר‬ (hithpaal) to strive, struggle

hithpaal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:15

‫ִמ ְשׁ ַתּ ַדּר‬
Bashoor suggests Ithpaal infinitive and Ezra 4:15
‫ֶא ְשׁ ַתּדּוּר‬ Persian or Canaanite loan word – usually
interpreted as a noun
(peil) to be like
‫שוה‬ (pael) to made the same (hithpaal) to be set, be made

‫ְשׁוִ י‬ peil perfect 3 m s (kethib) Daniel 5:21

‫ַשׁוִּ יְ ו‬ pael perfect 3 m pl (qere) Daniel 5:21

‫יִ ְשׁ ַתּוֵּ ה‬ hithpaal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 3:29

‫שחת‬ (peal) to corrupt

‫יתה‬
ָ ‫ְשׁ ִח‬ peal passive participle f s absolute Daniel 2:9, 6:6

‫ֵשׁיזִ ב‬ (shaphel) to rescue, save, deliver (Akkadian loan word)

shaphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:28, 6:28

‫ֵשׁיזִ ב‬
shaphel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 3:17
‫יְ ֵשׁיזִ ב‬
shaphel imperfect 3 m s jussive Daniel 6:17
ָ‫יְ ֵשׁיזְ ִבנּ‬ + 2 m s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
shaphel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 3:15
‫יְ ֵשׁיזְ ִבנְ כוֹן‬ + 2 m pl pronominal suffix (energic nun)
shaphel infinitive construct Daniel 6:21
‫בוּת‬
ָ ָ‫ֵשׁיז‬ + 2 m s pronominal suffix
shaphel infinitive construct Daniel 6:15
‫בוּתהּ‬
ֵ ָ‫ֵשׁיז‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
shaphel infinitive construct Daniel 3:17
‫בוּתנָ א‬
ַ ָ‫ֵשׁיז‬ + 1 c pl pronominal suffix
‫ְמ ֵשׁיזִ ב‬ shaphel participle m s absolute Daniel 6:28

‫ֵשׁ ִיציא‬ (shaphel) to be finished (Akkadian loan word)

‫יציא‬
ִ ‫ֵשׁ‬ shaphel perfect 3 m s Ezra 6:15

Page 36 of 41
 ‫שכח‬ (hithpeel) to be found (haphel) to find

‫ִה ְשׁ ְתּ ַכ ַח ְתּ‬ hithpeel perfect 2 m s metathesis Daniel 5:27

hithpeel perfect 3 m s metathesis Ezra 6:2
‫ִה ְשׁ ְתּ ַכח‬ Daniel 6:24
‫ִה ְשׁ ֲתּ ַכח‬ hithpeel perfect 3 m s variant metathesis Daniel 2:35
hithpeel perfect 3 f s metathesis Daniel 5:11, 5:12, 5:14, 6:5,
‫ִה ְשׁ ְתּ ַכ ַחת‬ 6:23
haphel perfect 1 c s Daniel 2:25
‫ַה ְשׁ ַכּ ַחת‬ Unexpected appearance of pathach under
R3 in 1cs
‫ַה ְשׁ ַכּ ְחנָ ה‬ haphel perfect 1 c pl Daniel 6:6
haphel perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:19
‫ַה ְשׁ ַכּחוּ‬ Daniel 6:12
‫ְת ַה ְשׁ ַכּח‬ haphel imperfect 2 m s Ezra 4:15, 7:16

‫נְ ַה ְשׁ ַכּח‬ haphel imperfect 1 c pl Daniel 6:6

‫ַה ְשׁ ָכּ ָחה‬ haphel infinitive construct Daniel 6:5(x2)

‫שכן‬ (peal) to dwell (pael) to cause to dwell

‫יִ ְשׁ ְכּנָ ן‬ peal imperfect 3 f pl Daniel 4:18

‫ַשׁ ִכּן‬ pael perfect 3 m s Ezra 6:12

‫שלח‬ (peal) to send (peil) to be sent

Ezra 4:17, 5:6, 6:13
‫ְשׁ ַלח‬ peal perfect 3 m s
Daniel 3:2, 3:28, 6:23
‫ְשׁ ַל ְחנָ א‬ peal perfect 1 c pl Ezra 4:14

‫ְשׁ ַל ְחתּוּן‬ peal perfect 2 m pl Ezra 4:18

‫ְשׁ ַלחוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:11, 5:7

peal imperfect 3 m jussive: Ezra 5:17
‫יִ ְשׁ ַלח‬ imperfect: Ezra 6:12
ַ ‫ְשׁ ִלי‬ peal passive participle m s absolute Ezra 7:14

‫ְשׁ ִליַ ַח‬ peil perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:24

Page 37 of 41
 ‫שלט‬ (peal) to rule over, have power over (haphel) to make someone ruler

‫ְשׁ ֵלט‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:27

‫ְשׁ ִלטוּ‬ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:25

‫ִתּ ְשׁ ַלט‬ peal imperfect 2 m s Daniel 5:16

‫יִ ְשׁ ַלט‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 5:7

peal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 2:39
‫ִת ְשׁ ַלט‬
haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:38
‫ַה ְשׁ ְל ָט‬ + 2 m s pronominal suffix
haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:48
‫ַה ְשׁ ְל ֵטהּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix

‫שלם‬ (peal) to be complete (haphel) to make complete, bring to an end

peal passive participle m s absolute Ezra 5:16
‫ְשׁ ִלם‬ defective spelling
haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:26
‫ַה ְשׁ ְל ַמהּ‬ + 3 f s pronominal suffix
‫ַה ְשׁ ֵלם‬ haphel imperative m s Ezra 7:19

‫שמד‬ (haphel) to destroy, annihilate

‫ַה ְשׁ ָמ ָדה‬ haphel infinitive construct Daniel 7:26

‫שמם‬ (ithpoel) to be appalled, stunned, astonished

‫תּוֹמם‬
ַ ‫ֶא ְשׁ‬ ithpoel perfect 3 m s metathesis Daniel 4:16

‫שמע‬ (peal) to hear (hithpaal) to be obedient, obey

‫ִשׁ ְמ ֵﬠת‬ peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 5:14, 5:16

‫ְשׁ ַמע‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:15

‫יִ ְשׁ ַמע‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 3:10

‫ִת ְשׁ ְמעוּן‬ peal imperfect 2 m pl Daniel 3:5, 3:15

‫ָשׁ ְמ ִﬠין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:7, 5:23

‫יִ ְשׁ ַתּ ְמּעוּן‬ hithpaal imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:27

Page 38 of 41
 ‫שמש‬ (pael) to serve, minister
pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 7:10
‫יְ ַשׁ ְמּשׁוּנֵּ הּ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
(peal) to be changed, be different (pael) to change, violate an order
‫שנה‬ (hithpaal/ithpaal) to be changed (haphel) to alter, violate
peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:27
‫ְשׁנוֹ‬
peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:6
‫נוֹהי‬
ִ ‫ְשׁ‬ + 3 m s pronominal suffix
‫יִ ְשׁנֵ א‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 7:24

‫ִת ְשׁנֵ א‬ peal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 6:18, 7:23

‫ָשׁנְ יָ ה‬ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 7:19

‫ָשׁנַ יִ ן‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 5:9

‫ָשׁנְ יָ ן‬ peal participle f pl absolute Daniel 7:3

‫ַשׁנִּ יו‬ pael perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:28

‫יְ ַשׁנּוֹן‬ pael imperfect 3 m pl jussive Daniel 4:13

‫ְמ ַשׁנְּ יָ ה‬ pael passive participle f s absolute Daniel 7:7

‫יִ ְשׁ ַתּנֵּ א‬ hithpaal imperfect 3 m s metathesis Daniel 2:9

‫יִ ְשׁ ַתּנּוֹן‬ hithpaal imperfect 3 m pl metathesis Daniel 7:28

hithpaal imperfect 3 m pl jussive form Daniel 5:10
‫יִ ְשׁ ַתּנּוֹ‬ apocopated - metathesis
‫ֶא ְשׁ ַתּנִּ י‬ ithpaal perfect 3 m s (qere) metathesis Daniel 3:19

‫ֶא ְשׁ ַתּנּוּ‬ ithpaal perfect 3 m pl (kethib) metathesis Daniel 3:19

‫יְ ַה ְשׁנֵ א‬ haphel imperfect 3 m s Ezra 6:11

haphel infinitive construct Ezra 6:12
‫ַה ְשׁנָ יָ ה‬ Daniel 6:9, 6:16, 7:25
‫ְמ ַה ְשׁנֵ א‬ haphel participle m s absolute Daniel 2:21

‫שפט‬ (peal) to judge

‫ָשׁ ְפ ִטין‬ peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 7:25

Page 39 of 41
 ‫שפל‬ (haphel/aphel) to bring low, humble

‫ַה ְשׁ ֵפּ ְל ְתּ‬ haphel perfect 2 m s Daniel 5:22

‫יְ ַה ְשׁ ִפּל‬ haphel imperfect 3 m s Daniel 7:24

‫ַה ְשׁ ָפּ ָלה‬ haphel infinitive construct Daniel 4:34

‫ַמ ְשׁ ִפּיל‬ aphel participle m s absolute Daniel 5:19

‫שפר‬ (peal) to please, seem good, be acceptable

‫ְשׁ ַפר‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:32, 6:2

‫יִ ְשׁ ַפּר‬ peal imperfect 3 m s jussive Daniel 4:24

(peal) to loosen, dwell (pael) to begin, commence, open
‫שרה‬ (hithpaal) to be loosened, shake, shudder

‫ִמ ְשׁ ֵרא‬ peal infinitive construct Daniel 5:16

‫ְשׁ ֵרא‬ peal passive participle m s absolute Daniel 2:22

‫ְשׁ ַריִ ן‬ peal passive participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:25

‫ָשׁ ִריו‬ pael perfect 3 m pl Ezra 5:2

‫ְמ ָשׁ ֵרא‬ pael participle m s construct Daniel 5:12

‫ִמ ְשׁ ָתּ ַריִ ן‬ hithpaal participle m pl absolute metathesis Daniel 5:6

‫שתה‬ (peal) to drink

peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:3, 5:4
‫ִא ְשׁ ִתּיו‬
prosthetic ‫א‬

‫יִ ְשׁתּוֹן‬ peal imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:2

‫ָשׁ ֵתה‬ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 5:1

‫ָשׁ ַתיִ ן‬ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 5:23

‫תבר‬ (peal) to break

‫ְת ִב ָירה‬ peal passive participle f s absolute Daniel 2:42

Page 40 of 41
 (peal) to return
‫תוב‬ (haphel/aphel) to restore, return

‫יְ תוּב‬ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:31, 4:33(x2)

haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:14
‫ֲה ִתיב‬
haphel perfect 3 m pl Ezra 5:11
‫ֲה ִתיבוּנָ א‬ + 1 c pl pronominal suffix
haphel imperfect 3 m pl jussive Ezra 6:5
‫יַ ֲה ִתיבוּן‬
haphel infinitive construct Daniel 3:16
‫בוּת‬
ָ ‫ֲה ָת‬ + 2 m s pronominal suffix
‫יְ ִתיבוּן‬ aphel imperfect 3 m pl Ezra 5:5

‫תוה‬ (peal) to be astonished, amazed

‫ְתּוַ הּ‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 3:24

‫תקל‬ (peil) to be weighed

‫ְתּ ִק ְיל ָתּה‬ peil perfect 2 m s Daniel 5:27

‫תקן‬ (hophal) to be established

‫ָה ְת ְקנַ ת‬ hophal perfect 3 f s Daniel 4:33

(peal) to grow strong, grow hard, become arrogant
‫תקפ‬ (pael) to make strong

‫ְת ֵק ְפ ְתּ‬ peal perfect 2 m s Daniel 4:19

‫ְת ִקף‬ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 4:8, 4:17

‫ִתּ ְק ַפת‬ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 5:20

‫ַת ָקּ ָפה‬ pael infinitive construct Daniel 6:8

Page 41 of 41