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Lungs

1. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 toxic and carcinogenic substances such as benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, acetone, tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. 2. Smoking can cause lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema, and other respiratory diseases as well as cardiovascular diseases like high blood pressure. 3. The lungs work by absorbing oxygen from the air and transferring it into the bloodstream via tiny air sacs called alveoli, while transferring carbon dioxide out of the blood and into the air sacs to be exhaled.

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84 views

Lungs

1. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 toxic and carcinogenic substances such as benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, acetone, tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. 2. Smoking can cause lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema, and other respiratory diseases as well as cardiovascular diseases like high blood pressure. 3. The lungs work by absorbing oxygen from the air and transferring it into the bloodstream via tiny air sacs called alveoli, while transferring carbon dioxide out of the blood and into the air sacs to be exhaled.

Uploaded by

pinopinguin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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O c Witch substances tobacco contains
2 c iseases arising from smoking
3 c ow do the lungs work
4 c What happens to the lung by smoking?
5 c ung cancer and other lung diseases

Oc Witch substances tobacco contain

Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 substances

The main substances are:

½c Ôenzene (petrol additive)


½c 0ormaldehyde (embalming fluid)
½c Gmmonia ( toilet cleaner)
½c Gcetone (nail polish remover)
½c Tar
½c ^icotine (addictive drug)
½c Carbon Monoxide (car exhaust fumes)

2 c iseases arising from smoking

There are many diseases which find their base in smoking 0or example: Gny
number of cancer carcinosis like: cancer of lips, mouth, lungs, bronchia, kidney

Cardiovascular sickness: high blood pressure

Sickness of the air passages: asthma

3 c ow the lungs work


ºvery part of your body needs oxygen, red blood cells carry it around with the
bloodstream The lungs absorb it from the air and transfer it into the
bloodstream The body gives permanently signals to the centre in the brain
about the amount of oxygen that is needed When you are very active you
need more oxygen than someone who hardly moves The brain sends messages
along nerves to the breathing muscles, and the air is breathed to the lungs
Your diaphragm is pulled flat, when you breath in Your ribs shorten and pull
your rib cage upwards and outwards, this work is done by muscles when you
breath air through your nose or mouth, it goes through your throat and into
your windpipe The windpipe splits into two smaller air tubes called the
bronchi, one goes to the left lung and the other to the right lung The air goes
down the bronchi which divide about another O5 to 25 times into thousands of
smaller airways, called bronchioles, than the air reaches the alveoli (gas
exchanging air sacks ) When the diaphragm and the muscles between the ribs
relax you breath out This pushes the air out of the lungs

The capillaries (tiny blood vessels) are paper-thin walls inside the alveoli, here
moves the oxygen into the blood With the help of chemicals (haemoglobin) it
goes in the red blood cells and is carried around in the body Waste products
from the body, formed in carbon dioxide, come out of the capillaries back into
the alveoli, ready to be breathed out

Ôlood full of oxygen is carried from the lungs to the left side of the heart which
pumps blood around the body through the arteries Ôlood with carbon dioxide,
returns, through the veins, to the right side of the heart 0rom there it is
pumped to the lungs so that the carbon dioxide can be removed and more
oxygen is breathed in

4 c What happens to the lungs by smoking

The smoke from the cigarette goes together with the oxygen into the lungs
Gfter a time the tar blocks the capillary vessels

The tar from the cigarettes sticks to the cilia It acts as little brooms that sweep
out harmful dirt ʹ but tar sticks to the cilia and covers it The cilia cannot do its
job properly because of this, dirt can stay in lungs and so causes problems
Mucus (Schleim) also gets piled up, and germs don't get swept out In case you
are a strong smoker, the cilia dies and the lungs are in danger
ow does smoking affect your lungs otherwise? When the cilia is destroyed
and those little brooms are not working, dirt-filled mucus slides down your
lungs and blocks the tiny airways - and the air can't get in or out properly This
is the reason why smokers cough a lot ,because they try to get rid of the dirty
mucus in their lungs

ow does smoking affect your lungs else? The amount of mucus increases, and
the mucus thickens Your lungs and airways then get irritated and infected,
they are narrowing and reducing the airflow

The damaging changes in your lungs and airways can be short or long term
Changes that appear suddenly, last a short time then go away, they are called
acute changes 0or example colds and pneumonia Chronic changes are those
that happen slowly and last a long time - some for the rest of your life G
chronic change caused by smoking is emphysema Ôronchitis and lung cancer
are other chronic changes

5 ung Cancer and ºmphysema

ung cancer is the most common cause of death Cancer is caused by out-of-
control cell growth ung cancer happens when this uncontrolled cell growth
starts in the lungs

ung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of
lung cancers based as a result of tobacco use The risk of lung cancer increases
with the amount of cigarettes smoked

ung cancer ,or any cancer, can be also a result of genes, this can be inherited
from family members

ºmphysema is a progressive disease The lung is damaged by harmful


substances (like tobacco) and the alveoli is destroyed The lung tissue looses
elasticity and the air can͛t go out completely, so that the lungs blow up and the
bronchi are destroyed The involved people don͛t get enough breath and in the
long term run they die

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