INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 17662

First edition
2005-03-15

Welding — Calibration, verification and

validation of equipment used for welding,
including ancillary activities
Soudage — Étalonnage, vérification et validation du matériel utilisé
pour le soudage, y compris pour les procédés connexes

Reference number
ISO 17662:2005(E)

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [email protected]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 17662 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Unification of
requirements in the field of metal welding, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

Throughout the text of this document, read “...this European Standard...” to mean “...this International
Standard...”.

Annex ZA provides a list of corresponding International and European Standards for which equivalents are not
given in the text.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization iii
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Contents page

Foreword.....................................................................................................................................................................vi
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................2
4 General requirements....................................................................................................................................3
4.1 General............................................................................................................................................................3
4.2 Frequency.......................................................................................................................................................4
4.3 Requirements .................................................................................................................................................5
4.4 Process data...................................................................................................................................................5
4.5 Materials properties.......................................................................................................................................5
5 Process data common to more than one welding process.......................................................................6
5.1 Process data common to all welding processes........................................................................................6
5.2 Requirements specific to several welding processes ...............................................................................8
5.3 Requirements specific to arc welding .........................................................................................................9
6 Metal arc welding without gas protection (group 11) ..............................................................................11
7 Plasma arc welding (group 15)...................................................................................................................11
8 Resistance welding (groups 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25) ..................................................................................11
9 Gas welding (group 3) .................................................................................................................................13
10 Friction welding (group 42).........................................................................................................................13
11 Laser beam welding (group 52)..................................................................................................................14
12 Electron beam welding (group 51) .............................................................................................................15
13 Stud welding (group 78) ..............................................................................................................................16
14 Brazing (group 91) .......................................................................................................................................17
14.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................17
14.2 Manual flame brazing (group 912)..............................................................................................................18
14.3 Mechanized flame brazing (group 912) .....................................................................................................18
14.4 Induction brazing (group 916) ....................................................................................................................19
14.5 Resistance brazing (group 918) .................................................................................................................19
14.6 Furnace brazing in protective atmosphere (group 913) ..........................................................................19
14.7 Vacuum brazing (group 924) ......................................................................................................................20
14.8 Furnace brazing in open atmosphere (group 913) ...................................................................................22
14.9 Dip brazing (group 914), salt-bath brazing (group 915) and flux brazing (group 93) ...........................23
14.10 Infrared brazing (group 911) .......................................................................................................................24
15 Preheat and/or post weld heat treatment ..................................................................................................24
15.1 Preheat ..........................................................................................................................................................24
15.2 Post weld heat treatment ............................................................................................................................25
16 Post weld cleaning.......................................................................................................................................26
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

iv
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

17 Flame cutting (group 81) and other ancillary processes.........................................................................26

Annex A (informative) Details for stud welding....................................................................................................27
Annex B (informative) Acceptance testing of equipment ...................................................................................28
Annex C (informative) Parties involved.................................................................................................................29
Annex ZA (normative) List of corresponding European and International Standards for which
equivalents are not given in the text ......................................................................................................... 30
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................. 31

v
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 17662:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the
secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding and allied
processes".

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by September 2005.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

vi
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1 Scope
This standard specifies requirements to calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for:

– control of process variables during fabrication,

or
– control of the properties of equipment used for welding or welding allied processes,
where the resulting output cannot be readily or economically documented by subsequent monitoring, inspection
and testing. This regards process variables influencing the fitness-for-purpose and in particular the safety of the
fabricated product.

NOTE 1 The standard is based on the lists of process variables stated in standards for specification of welding procedures, in
particular, but not exclusively on the EN ISO 15609 series of standards. Future revisions of these standards can result in
addition or deletion of parameters considered necessary to specify.

Some guidance is, in addition, given in annex B as regards requirements to calibration; verification and validation
as part of acceptance testing of equipment used for welding or allied processes.

Requirements to calibration, verification and validation as part of inspection, testing, non-destructive testing or
measuring of final welded products performed in order to verify product compliance are outside the scope of the
present standard.

The subject of the standard is limited to calibration, verification and validation of equipment after installation, as part
of the workshops’ schemes for maintenance and/or operation.

NOTE 2 It should be stressed that the standard has nothing to do with manufacture and installation of equipment for welding.
Requirements to new equipment are formulated in directives and product codes (standards), as necessary.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.

EN 562, Gas welding equipment — Pressure gauges used in welding, cutting and allied processes

EN 729-1, Quality requirements for welding — Fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 1: Guidelines for
selection and use

EN 729-2, Quality requirements for welding — Fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive
quality requirements

EN 729-3, Quality requirements for welding — Fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Standard quality
requirements

EN 729-4, Quality requirements for welding — Fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Elementary quality
requirements

EN 970, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds — Visual examination

EN 1321, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds

CR 12361, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic
examination

EN 13134, Brazing — Procedure approval

ENV 50184, Validation of arc welding equipment

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 1
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

EN ISO 14554-1, Quality requirements for welding — Resistance welding of metallic materials — Part 1:
Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 14554-1:2000)

EN ISO 14554-2, Quality requirements for welding — Resistance welding of metallic materials — Part 2:
Elementary quality requirements (ISO 14554-2:2000)

EN ISO 14555, Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO 14555:1998)

EN ISO 14744-5, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines — Part 5: Measurement of
run-out accuracy (ISO 14744-5:2000)

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN ISO 15609-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure
specification - Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1:2004)

EN ISO 15609-2, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure
specification - Part 2: Gas welding (ISO 15609-2:2001)

EN ISO 15609-3, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure
specification - Part 3: Electron beam welding (ISO 15609-3:2004)

EN ISO 15609-4, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure
specification - Part 4: Laser beam welding (ISO 15609-4:2004)

EN ISO 15609-5, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure
specification - Part 5: Resistance welding (ISO 15609-5:2004)

EN ISO 15620, Welding — Friction welding of metallic materials (ISO 15620:2000)

ISO 669, Resistance welding — Resistance welding equipment — Mechanical and electrical requirements

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
accuracy class
class of measuring instruments that meet certain metrological requirements that are intended to keep errors within
specified limits
[1]

3.2
accuracy of measurand
closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of the measurement
[1]

3.3
calibration
set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated
by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference
material, and the corresponding values realized by standards
[1]

3.4
measurement
set of operations having the object of determining a value of a quantity
[1]

3.5
measuring instrument
device intended to be used to make measurements, alone or in conjunction with supplementary device(s)
[1]

2
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

3.6
material measure
device intended to reproduce or supply, in a permanent manner during its use, one or more known values of a
given quantity

3.7
measuring system
complete set of measuring instruments and other equipment assembled to carry out specified measurements
[1]

3.8
repeatability (of results of measurements)
closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried out
under the same conditions of measurement
[1]

3.9
reproducibility (of results of measurement)
closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of the same measurand carried out under
changed conditions of measurement
[1]

3.10
tractability
property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated references,
usually national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated
uncertainties
[1]

3.11
validation
confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or
application have been fulfilled
[EN ISO 9000:2000]

3.12
verification
confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled
[EN ISO 9000:2000]

4 General requirements

4.1 General

Measuring, inspection and test equipment are used for many purposes and as part of many work operations during
welding fabrication. However, the purposes can be grouped as follows:

1) demonstration of conformance of product to specified requirements;

2) control of processes where the resulting output cannot be readily or economically verified by subsequent
monitoring, inspection and testing;

3) general process control.

Measuring, inspection and test equipment used for demonstration of conformance of product to specified
requirements (1) should be properly calibrated, verified or validated. This is e.g. required in EN ISO 9001. Many of
the procedures used for demonstration of conformance inspection are covered by standards, which typically
include provisions for calibration, verification and validation. This is e.g. the case for standards for non-destructive
testing and destructive testing of welds. Further, requirements to documentation of such quality characteristics (e.g.
non-destructive testing) are stated in application standards and/or contracts. Calibration, verification and validation
of measuring devices used for this category of application are not covered by this standard, apart from a few
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 3
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

comments on welding inspection and visual examination. The relevant standards for inspection and testing shall be
consulted.
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

However, some quality characteristics (also related to safety) cannot be inspected or tested on the finished
structure or product. This is e.g. the case for the materials properties of weld metals and to the heat-affected zones
adjacent to welds. Such quality characteristics have to be documented indirectly by proper documentation of the
fabrication process (2). The guidance given in this standard is limited mainly to calibration, verification and
validation of measuring devices used for such indirect documentation of quality characteristics, influenced by
welding. The measuring, inspection and test equipment can be separate measuring instruments or built-in
instruments in e.g. the power sources used for welding.

Measuring, inspection and test equipment used for general process control may also have to be calibrated, verified
or validated (3). This is, e.g. recommended in EN ISO 90041. However, specification of such requirements are left
entirely to the discretion of the manufacturer, the requirements cannot be standardized and they are not covered by
the present standard.

A key issue of the standard is discussions of the influence of various process variables on the resulting output and
in particular of the possibilities of verification of the output by subsequent monitoring, inspection and testing. The
distinction between process variables in group (2) and group (3) is not always easy but essential for the
interpretation of contractual and/or legal requirements. The main basis for selection of the relevant variables is the
standards for specification of welding procedures.

The specific requirements to calibration, verification and validation of a particular instrument shall be derived from
the required performance and shall be compatible with the permissible range as specified in the welding procedure
specification (WPS) for the variable(s) in question. Many types of instruments used for control of welding such as
ammeters, voltmeters, thermocouples, stop-watches etc. are also used for non-welding purposes. It should be
noted that the requirements to accuracy, when used for welding purposes might be less stringent than for other
applications of the instruments. “Normal” (standardized) procedures for calibration, verification and validation of the
instruments can be too stringent and costly, if applied for welding purposes.

The formal requirements to calibration, verification and validation as regards control of welding and allied
processes are specified in the EN 729 series of standards and the EN ISO 14554 series of standards. Some more
specific supplementary requirements can, however, be found in structural codes and/or as contractual
requirements.

4.2 Frequency

When a need for calibration, verification or validation of equipment has been identified then calibration, verification
or validation shall be carried out once a year, unless otherwise specified. Where there is a proven record of
repeatability and liability the frequency of calibration, verification and validation can be reduced. It can, however, be
necessary to re-calibrate, re-verify or re-validate at more frequent intervals, depending upon the recommendation
of the manufacturer of the instrument, the requirements of the user, or where there is reason to believe that the
performances of the equipment have deteriorated. However, equipment shall be isolated and calibration,
verification or validation carried out before the equipment is put back in use after the following cases:

 whenever there are indications that an instrument does not register properly;

 whenever the equipment has been visibly damaged and the damage can have influenced the function of one
or more instruments;

 whenever the equipment has been misused, subject to severe stress (overloads, traffic accidents, etc.), or
subject to any other event which can have resulted in damage to one or more instrument;

 whenever the equipment has been rebuilt or repaired.

1 It should be noted that EN ISO 9004 is not intended for certification, regulatory or contractual use.

4
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

4.3 Requirements

Calibration, verification and validation shall, in principle, be carried out for all the instruments used for control of the
welding process variables specified in the welding procedure specification. However, standards for specification of
welding procedures provide comprehensive lists of variables but not all variables are essential for all applications.
The following paragraphs give for all common welding processes some guidelines on relevant requirements.

Calibration, verification and validation can be omitted entirely in the following cases:

a) When verification of the process is not required.

Calibration, verification and validation can be omitted for all processes where there is no legal or contractual
requirement for verification or validation of the process.

NOTE 1 This is usually the case for processes such as flame or plasma cutting and air arc gouging.

b) Mass production

Calibration, verification and validation can be omitted provided all the following conditions are fulfilled:


--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

production is controlled by pre-production testing, followed by testing of samples from the actual
production at regular intervals;

 the control is supported by an adequate system for statistical quality control;

 the process is reasonably stable during the interval between testing of samples;

 pre-production testing and sampling are performed separately for each production line (welding cell).

c) Series and single piece production

Calibration, verification and validation can be omitted provided all the following conditions are fulfilled:

 the procedures are approved by procedure testing;

 the actual production is carried out by the same welding machine used during procedure testing.

NOTE 2 The manufacturer can, for managerial reasons, wish to perform much more comprehensive calibration, verification
and validation. The main reasons are:
- more efficient control of processes resulting in higher productivity and more economical operation;
- possibility of transferring procedures from one equipment to another without adjustments, maintaining an uninterrupted
production;
- higher process stability and therefore increased economic efficiency;
- control data becomes compatible with different types of equipment.

4.4 Process data

For all welding processes, process data where calibration, verification or validation are needed are stated below.
Calibration, verification or validation is not needed for all other process data.

4.5 Materials properties

Several kinds of materials are used in connection with production involving welding or ancillary activities. This
includes parent metals and filler metals but also shielding gases, materials used for backing, etc. Occasionally
incoming inspection and testing or check of stored materials may have to be performed, e.g. in order to identify a
material. Such activities involve instruments and procedures for chemical analysis, positive material identification,
etc. Provisions for calibration of instruments used for such purposes are outside the scope of the present standard.

Gas backing purity can be measured prior to welding, however, and is an exception.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 5
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

5 Process data common to more than one welding process

5.1 Process data common to all welding processes

The standards for specification of welding procedures require some data, which are common to all welding
processes. Calibration, verification or validation can be needed for the process data stated in Table 1 to Table 8.

Table 1 — Related to the parent material and filler metals

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Material dimension Instruments used for measurement Measuring instruments such as
and/or verification of material vernier callipers, micrometer
dimensions shall be calibrated, as callipers, gauge blocks, rulers and
necessary. Requirements depend on straightedges, etc. are covered by
the specified tolerances, etc. several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.

Table 2 — Related to the joint

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Joint design Instruments used for measurement See EN 970.
and/or verification of joint dimension
shall be validated.
Welding position Requirements to determination of Relevant instruments are covered
welding position are, as a general by a number of standards.
rule, not very exacting. Instruments
used for measurement and/or
verification of welding position (e.g.
spirit levels and instruments used for
measurements of angles) do not
have to be calibrated, verified or
validated unless damaged, and after
having been repaired.
Joint preparation Instruments used for measurement See EN 970.
and/or verification of joint dimension
shall be validated.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

6
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Table 3 — Welding machine

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Characteristic dimensions, Instruments used for measurement Measuring instruments such as
shape and configuration of and/or verification of dimensions, vernier callipers, micrometer
welding machine and shape, position, etc. of jigs, fixtures callipers, gauge blocks, rulers and
working conditions such as: and tooling shall be calibrated, straightedges, etc. are covered by
 number and verified or validated, as appropriate. several EN-, ISO- and national
configuration of wire standards.
electrodes;

 diameter of shielding
gas nozzles and
fixtures;

 distance contact tip

nozzle to the surface of
the workpiece;

 diameter of electrodes
and wire electrodes;

 dimensions, shape,
position, etc. of back
and front support.

Table 4 — Jigs, fixtures and tooling

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Jigs and fixtures Instruments used for measurement Measuring instruments such as
and/or verification of dimensions, vernier callipers, micrometer
shape, position, etc. of jigs, fixtures callipers, gauge blocks, rulers and
and tooling shall be calibrated, straightedges, etc. are covered by
verified or validated, as appropriate. several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.
Manipulators, Instruments used for control of EN ISO 14744-5 and
x-y tables, etc. movements shall be calibrated, EN ISO 15616-2 may be used for --`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

verified or validated, as appropriate. general guidance (although the

application is formally limited to
beam welding).

Table 5 — Pre-welding cleaning

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Surface conditions Instruments used for control of Specific to instrument and surface
surface conditions shall be validated. characteristics. Appropriate
standards for the equipment shall
be consulted.
Process Instruments used for process control Appropriate standards for the
shall be calibrated, verified or equipment shall be consulted.
validated, as appropriate, depending
on the nature of the cleaning
process: Washing, pickling, abrasive
blasting, etc.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 7
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

5.2 Requirements specific to several welding processes

Table 6 — Gas backing

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Gas flow rate Instruments shall be validated. Validated against master
Required accuracy ± 20 % of gas instrument.
flow rate.
Gas backing purity (oxygen Instruments shall be validated. Calibration by reference gases of
content) Required accuracy is ± 25 % of known composition, covering at
actual value. However, the purity can least the interval from
also be controlled by inspection of 10 ppm to 30 ppm for argon and
colour of protected side of weld HAZ 50 ppm to 150 ppm for forming gas.
zones.

Table 7 — Consumables

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Application of flux and filler Instruments shall be calibrated, Measuring instruments such as
metal, method, position, verified or validated, as appropriate. weighing instruments, vernier
deposition rate, etc. callipers, rulers and straightedges,
etc. are covered by several EN-,
ISO- and national standards.
Stopwatches can be validated by
comparison with any reasonably
accurate clock.
Handling Instruments used e.g. for control of Appropriate standards for the
storage conditions (temperature, equipment shall be consulted.
humidity, etc.) shall be calibrated,
verified or validated. Requirements
± 5 % for the instruments concerning
humidity and ± 5 °C for thermometer.
Temperature in storage Instruments for temperature control. Appropriate standards for the
cabinet/room Thermometers and other equipment shall be consulted.
temperature indicators shall be
validated. Requirement max. ± 5 °C.
Treatment prior to welding Instruments used for process control Appropriate standards for the
shall be calibrated, verified or equipment shall be consulted.
validated, as appropriate, depending
on the nature of the treatment:
Drying, cleaning, etc.

Table 8 — Shielding gases

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Shielding gas flow Flow meters shall be validated. Appropriate standards for the
Requirement max. ± 20 % of actual equipment shall be consulted.
value.
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

8
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

5.3 Requirements specific to arc welding

Welding production has been carried out by a large number of manufacturing companies not having any scheme
for systematic calibration, verification and validation of instruments used in welding fabrication. Many have not used
any instruments at all. Welders performing manual metal arc welding control the welding process by observations
performed by 'sound and sight', using their experience. It is simply impossible for the welder to observe any
instrument when he is looking at the bright arc through the darkened glass in his face shield. Measuring
instruments have found little or no use 2. Heat input is controlled by check of run-out-lengths and/or weld run cross
section. This is e.g. the case when welding single run fillet welds. Maximum weld throat thickness (leg length) is
directly related to minimum run-out-length, minimum throat thickness to maximum run-out-length (for a given type
of electrode). Similar relations apply for butt welds welded with a small number of runs. The welding co-ordinator
planning the production has, as a matter of fact, to exercise great care in order to avoid conflicts and
inconsistencies between requirements to heat input and requirements to run cross section. Calibration, verification

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
and validation are therefore not usually required for manual metal arc welding.

However, in a few - unusual - cases minimum and/or maximum welding current and sometimes also the arc voltage
have to be strictly controlled. This is usually performed during some run-in tests, where the welding current is
checked by means of a tong-test or other suitable means and the arc voltage measured by any means suitable with
the type of welding current. Such instruments have to be calibrated, verified or validated.

Heat input during welding of a run is directly correlated with the total cross section of the run (weld metal cross
section). The apparent cross section of the run (e.g. throat squared of a single run fillet weld) reflects, however, the
amount of deposited weld metal. It is directly correlated to run-out length for a given type and dimension of manual
metal arc electrode. Heat input during welding can be controlled by observation of apparent cross section, provided
the ratio between the deposited weld metal and the total cross section of the joint is reasonably constant for the
weld process. This is often the case for manual metal arc welding and for certain MIG/MAG weld processes, but
not for all. It is not the case for submerged arc welding and for other welding processes/power sources which
permit variation of the ratio between deposited weld metal and total cross sections (a high ratio corresponding to a
“cold” process and a low ratio to a “hot” process). Processes where the ratio can be varied significantly necessitate
instruments for control of heat input. These instruments shall be calibrated, verified or validated for all applications
where heat input is an essential variable.

Provisions for specification of welding procedures are laid down in EN ISO 15609-1. Calibration, verification or
validation can be needed for the welding data stated in Table 9 to Table 12.

Table 9 — Weaving for manual arc welding (if applied)

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Maximum width of the run. Instruments used for measuring shall Measuring instruments such as
be calibrated, verified or validated, as vernier callipers, micrometer
appropriate. callipers, etc. are covered by
several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.

2 This does not conflict with the fact that control of welding is an inherently complex process. Training of welders can be a
lengthy process involving “calibration” of some mental processes in the welder’s brain. Approval testing of the welder can be
said to correspond to a verification of this “calibration”.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 9
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Table 10 — Weaving for mechanized welding (if applied)

Designation Need for calibration, verification Instruments and techniques

or validation
Max. weaving or amplitude Instruments used for measuring shall Measuring instruments such as
be calibrated, verified or validated, as vernier callipers, micrometer
appropriate. callipers, etc. are covered by
several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.
Frequency Calibration, verification or validation
not required, provided size
(penetration) and position of weld —
can be determined by non-
destructive testing.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Dwell time of oscillation Calibration, verification or validation
not required, provided size
(penetration) and position of weld —
can be determined by non-
destructive testing.
Torch, electrode and/or Instruments used for measuring shall Measuring instruments such as
wire angle be calibrated, verified or validated, as vernier callipers, micrometer
appropriate. callipers, etc. are covered by
several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.

Table 11 — Electrical variables

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Current (mean) Ammeters shall be validated. See ENV 50184. Mean value of
(rectified) current.
Arc voltage (mean) Voltmeters shall be validated. See ENV 50184. Mean value of
(rectified) tension.
NOTE The signal should be monitored continuously. The sampling time should be sufficient to give a reasonably
stable reading. If tong-tests are used for measurement of current, the difference between mean value and RMS value
measuring instruments should be taken into consideration.

Table 12 — Mechanized welding

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Travel speed Measurements by means of stop- Stopwatches can be validated by
watches and rulers. Appropriate steel comparison with any reasonably
rulers need not to be calibrated, accurate clock or watch.
verified or validated provided the
See also ENV 50184.
rulers are not visibly damaged.
Wire feed speed Measurements by means of Stopwatches can be validated by
stopwatches and rulers. Appropriate comparison with any reasonably
steel rulers need not to be calibrated, accurate clock or watch.
verified or validated provided the
See also ENV 50184.
rulers are not visibly damaged.

10
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

6 Metal arc welding without gas protection (group 11)

NOTE The explanation of the reference numbers for the processes are given in EN ISO 4063.

Provisions for specification of welding procedures are specified in EN ISO 15609-1. Calibration, verification or
validation can be needed for the welding data stated in Table 13.

Table 13 — Manual metal arc welding (group 111)

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
The run-out length of Calibration, verification and validation
electrode consumed not required, provided appropriate
—
steel rulers are used and the rulers
are not visibly damaged.

7 Plasma arc welding (group 15)

Provisions for specification of welding procedures are laid down in EN ISO 15609-1. Calibration, verification or
validation can be needed for the welding data stated in Table 14.

Table 14 — Plasma arc welding

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Plasma gas flow rate Validation to an accuracy of Appropriate standards for the
± 0,1 l/min. equipment shall be consulted.
Plasma gas nozzle The welding operator usually detects Nozzle changed, if required.
diameter wear of the nozzle by changes in the
arc.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Distance electrode/work Distance is usually kept constant by: These instruments shall be
piece  arc sensor measuring with AVC validated, usually by ordinary
control; measuring instruments such as
vernier, callipers, micrometer
 control by tactile device; callipers, etc.

 laser scanner.

8 Resistance welding (groups 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25)

Resistance welding is mainly used for mass production and calibration, verification and validation can then be
omitted, see 4.3.

Production with resistance welding is used in industry by a large number of companies in a controlled process by
simple workshop tests. Measuring of current, force and weld time is used in special cases by the weld-setter or
maintenance experts to check the equipment or the weld conditions.

The measuring equipment is often used without a frequently specific calibration, verification and/or validation. The
trends of measured values are often more important than the absolute values.

When needed for the acceptance of a new or repaired welding equipment, calibrated equipment shall be used, if
agreed, when checking the real properties defined in ISO 669 and given on the name plate of the equipment.

Weld quality depends mainly of the type of material, surface conditions, electrical and mechanical properties of the
weld equipment, the shape and dimension of the component, which shall be welded.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 11
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

In the case of spot, projection and seam welding shape, dimension, material of the electrodes, weld current,
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

electrode force and weld time and for seam welding the welding speed are the main control parameters of the
process.

In the case of flash and resistance butt welding weld current, the clamping force and the upset force shall be
observed.

The upset and follow up parameters of the electrodes for spot, projection and seam welding, respectively the upset
speed for flash and resistance butt welding are very important parameters which cannot be adjusted directly at the
equipment.

Provisions for welding procedure specifications are specified in EN ISO 15609-5. Calibration, verification or
validation can be needed for the welding data stated in Table 15 and Table 16.

Table 15 — Resistance welding for overlapped sheets (spot welding (21), seam (22) and projection (23))

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Electrode force Electrode force usually measured by The producer's specified calibration
special electrode force meter which procedure or appropriate standards
shall be calibrated. for the equipment shall be consulted.
Weld current Current meter usually measured by The producer's specified calibration
special weld current which shall be procedure or appropriate standards
calibrated. for the equipment shall be consulted.
Weld time Weld time usually measured by The producer's specified calibration
current meter or directly by e.g. a procedure or appropriate standards
timer. for the equipment shall be consulted.
Seam welding speed Seam welding speed usually The producer's specified calibration
determined from rate of rotation and procedure or appropriate standards
the diameter of the electrode. for the equipment shall be consulted.
Instruments for determination of these
parameters shall be calibrated.

Table 16 — Flash (24) and resistance butt welding (25)

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Damping force / pressure Damping force usually measured by The producer's specified calibration
special force meter / hydraulic procedure or appropriate standards
pressure gauge which shall be for the equipment shall be consulted.
calibrated.
Upsetting force / pressure Upsetting force usually measured by The producer's specified calibration
special force meter / hydraulic procedure or appropriate standards
pressure gauge which shall be for the equipment shall be consulted.
calibrated.
Weld current Weld current usually measured by The producer's specified calibration
special current meter which shall be procedure or appropriate standards
calibrated. for the equipment shall be consulted.

For quality control monitoring and feed back control systems on the basis of current, electrode voltage, work piece
resistance, electrode acceleration, speed and displacement measurement different incorporated calibration,
verification and validation are in use.

12
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

9 Gas welding (group 3)

Provisions for specification of welding procedures are laid down in EN ISO 15609-2. Calibration, verification or
validation can be needed for the welding data stated in Table 17.

Table 17 — Welding data

Designation Need for calibration, verification or validation Instruments and

techniques
Fuel gas pressure Pressure is often indicated by a pressure gauge. If required, pressure
However, the pressure is usually not used as a gauges shall be validated
primary variable for control of the flame. Pressure to the requirements stated
gauges do not need to be calibrated, verified or in EN 562.
validated, unless required due to special conditions.
Oxygen-pressure Pressure is often indicated by a pressure gauge. If required, pressure
However, the pressure is usually not used as a gauges shall be validated
primary valuable for control of the flame. Pressure to the requirements stated

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
gauges do not need to be calibrated, verified or in EN 562.
validated, unless required due to special conditions.
Type of flame Common practice does not include use of any
instrument. The type of flame is checked by visual —
observation.

10 Friction welding (group 42)

Provisions for specification of welding procedures are laid down in EN ISO 15620. Calibration, verification or
validation can be needed for the welding data stated in Table 18.

Table 18 — Welding data

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Friction rotation speed Instruments shall be calibrated or Appropriate standards for the
verified. Rotation speed is measured equipment shall be consulted.
at the welding spindle.
Forge force Instruments shall be calibrated or Appropriate standards for the
verified. Use an appropriate equipment shall be consulted.
instrument for measurement. Force is
measured at the axis of the
component or the pressure can be
measured as near as possible at the
working cylinder.
Shortening Instruments used for measuring shall Appropriate standards for the
be calibrated or verified. Shortening equipment shall be consulted.
is measured at the working slide.

Accuracy of all measurements for friction welding is classified into three categories:

1) Stringent requirements: Accuracy ± 10% of determined value;

2) Medium requirements: Accuracy ± 20% of determined value;

3) Low requirements: Calibration, verification or validation not required.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 13
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

11 Laser beam welding (group 52)

It should be noted that deviations in many of the variables result in wrong size (penetration) or position of the weld,
which usually can be detected on the finished welds by non-destructive testing.

Provided the size (penetration) and position of weld can be determined by non-destructive testing, calibration,
verification or validation is not required for the following welding data:

 Laser beam power at the work piece;

 Peak power;

 Repetition rate;

 Pulse length;

 Power ramping details;

 Pulse variables (if used);

 F-number;

 Pulse shape.

Else, EN ISO 15616-1 can be consulted (for CO2 lasers). EN ISO 15616-1 may be used for all types of lasers (if
necessary) for the following welding data:

 Travel speed;

 Travel speed ramping details, if necessary.

It should be noted that deviations in variables related to oscillation can result in deviations of the properties in the
heat-affected zones, weld metal composition, etc. which cannot be detected without destructive testing. Provisions
for specification of welding procedures are laid down in EN ISO 15609-4. Calibration, verification or validation can
be needed for the welding data stated in Table 19 to Table 22.

Table 19 — Beam variables

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Tack pass details Requirements are the same as for
—
ordinary welding.
Oscillation pattern, Validation required. Measuring instruments such as
amplitude, frequency and vernier callipers, micrometer
Validation can be performed by
dwell time (if applied, e.g. callipers, gauge blocks, rulers and
welding of a (simple) test piece, prior
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

for cladding and surface straightedges, etc. are covered by

to actual production and measure the
treatment) several EN-, ISO- and national
resulting weld.
standards. See CR 12361 and
EN 1321 as regards macro
sectioning.
Laser beam orientation, Calibration, verification or validation Measuring instruments such as
polarisation and position in not required, provided size vernier callipers, micrometer
relation to joint and welding (penetration) and position of weld callipers, gauge blocks, rulers and
direction. Angles (in two can be determined by non- straightedges, etc. are covered by
directions). Position in destructive testing. several EN-, ISO- and national
transverse direction (if standards. See CR 12361 and
Validation can be performed by
relevant) EN 1321 as regards macro
welding of a (simple) test piece prior
sectioning.
to actual production and measure the
resulting weld.

14
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Table 20 — Mechanical variables

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Wire/filler, feed rate Measurements by means of Stopwatches can be validated by
direction, position to be stopwatches and rulers. Appropriate comparison with any reasonably
defined and angle (if any) steel rulers need not to be validated accurate clock.
provided the rulers are not visibly See also ENV 50184, if needed.
damaged.

Table 21 — Plasma suppression gas

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Gas flow rate Instruments shall be validated. See EN ISO 15616-3.

Table 22 — Other variables

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Working distance in Instruments shall be calibrated or Measuring instruments such as
millimetre validated. vernier callipers, micrometer
callipers, etc. are covered by
several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.
Location of shielding gas Instruments shall be calibrated or Measuring instruments such as
nozzle with respect to the validated. vernier callipers, micrometer
work piece. callipers, etc. are covered by
several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.

12 Electron beam welding (group 51)

Provisions for specification of welding procedures are laid down in EN ISO 15609-3.

It should be noted, that deviations in many of the variables result in wrong size (penetration) or position of the weld
or physical imperfections (e.g. shrinkage cavity), which usually can be detected on the finished welds by non-
destructive testing. Some deviations in variables can, however, result in deviations of the properties in the heat-
affected zones, weld metal composition, etc. which can only be detected by destructive testing.

Calibration, verification or validation is not required for the following welding data, provided size (penetration) and
position of weld can be determined by non-destructive testing:

 Accelerating voltage;

 Beam current;

 Lens current(s);

 Travel speed;

 Beam deflection, DC deflection, deflection amplitude;

 Beam deflection, AC oscillation, Signal shape;

 Orientation to the welding direction;

 Frequency;

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 15
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

 Signal amplitude, signal frequency.

Calibration, verification or validation can be needed for the welding data stated in Table 23 and Table 24.

Table 23 — Mechanical variables

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Wire/filler feed rate Measurements by means of Measuring instruments such as
stopwatches and rulers. Appropriate vernier callipers, micrometer
steel rulers need not to be calibrated, callipers, etc. are covered by
verified or validated, provided the several EN-, ISO- and national
rulers not are visibly damaged. standards.
Stopwatches can be validated by
comparison with any reasonably
accurate clock.
Wire/filler direction, position Instruments shall be calibrated, Measuring instruments such as
to be defined and angle verified or validated, as appropriate. vernier callipers, micrometer
callipers, etc. are covered by
several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.

Table 24 — Other variables

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Pressure in the gun Instruments shall be validated in Use a master instrument (pressure
case pressure control is essential for gauge).
the properties of the weld.
Pressure in the chamber Instruments shall be validated in Use a master instrument (pressure
case pressure control is essential for gauge).
the properties of the weld.

13 Stud welding (group 78)

Stud welding is a process in which one or more parameters occasionally do not reach their set values due to the
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

short time of the welding. This is the reason why considerable deviations from the set values can occur. Any
calibration, verification and validation have to take this into consideration. For details of the process see annex A.

Provisions for specification of welding procedures are laid down in EN ISO 14555. Calibration, verification or
validation can be needed for the welding data stated in Table 25 and Table 26.

16
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Table 25 — Drawn arc stud welding (groups 783 and 784)

Designation Need for calibration, verification or validation Instruments and techniques

Welding current Instruments used for measuring shall be Validation by means of shunt
validated. Welding current is the mean current, class 0,5.
disregarding the up-slope, down-slope and short
circuit at the end of the welding cycle. Required
accuracy ± 10 % of nominal value.
Set time of Instruments used for measuring of the time of Validation can be performed by
current flow current flow shall be validated. The time of current storage oscilloscope ± 5 %
flow shall be measured as the time between the minimum.
start of the welding current (50 % of the set value)
and the start of the plunging movement (switch-off
of the solenoid). Required accuracy is ± 10 % of
nominal value.
NOTE The total welding time depends on the type
of the welding gun, welding position, plunging speed,
lift, etc and is not used for process control (no
validation).

Lift Validation of settings is performed by lifting the Measurement by means of vernier

backwards movement of the piston when the callipers, steel rulers, etc.
lifting mechanism is activated. Accuracy ± 0,5 mm Calibration or verification of such
at a minimum nominal lift of 1,5 mm. measuring instruments are
covered by several EN-, ISO- and
national standards.

Table 26 — Capacitor discharge stud welding (groups 785 and 786)

Designation Need for calibration, verification or validation Instruments and techniques

Charging voltage Instruments used for measuring shall be Use a master instrument
validated. Voltage between the terminals of the (voltmeter).
capacitor bank after expiry of charging. Required
accuracy ± 5 V.

14 Brazing (group 91)

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

14.1 General

Provisions for specification of brazing procedures are laid down in EN 13134. Calibration, verification or validation
can be needed for the brazing data stated in Table 27 to Table 43.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 17
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

14.2 Manual flame brazing (group 912)

Table 27 — Heating gas

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Type Common practice does not include use of Use recognized method for gas analysis.
any instrument, unless incoming
inspection of delivered gas is required.
Required accuracy shall be compatible
with the composition of the gas.
Flow Flow measuring instruments shall be Use a master instrument (flowmeter).
validated, if fitted.
Required accuracy ± 20 % of gas flow
rate.
Pressure The pressure gauges shall be validated. Use a master instrument (pressure
gauge).
Required accuracy corresponding to
class 2.5, that is with a maximum
deviation of ± 2,5 % over the entire scale.
Nozzle size and Check of nozzle type and number is —
number usually sufficient. Instruments not
required.

14.3 Mechanized flame brazing (group 912)

Table 28 — Heating gas

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Type Common practice does not include use of Use recognized method for gas analysis.
any instrument, unless incoming
inspection of delivered gas is required.
Required accuracy shall be compatible
with the composition of the gas.
Flow Flow measuring instruments shall be Use a master instrument (flowmeter).
validated, if fitted. Required accuracy ± 20
% of gas flow rate.
Pressure The pressure gauges shall be validated. Use a master instrument (pressure
gauge).
Required accuracy corresponding to
class 2.5, that is with a maximum
deviation of ± 2,5 % over the entire scale.
Nozzle/burner Check of nozzle/burner type and number
size and number is usually sufficient. Instruments not —
required.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

18
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

14.4 Induction brazing (group 916)

Table 29 — Time-temperature cycle

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Temperature Common practice does not include use of
—
measurement any specific instrument.
Time Check by stopwatches. Watches shall be considered sufficiently
measurement accurate unless obviously defective.

Table 30 — Induction coil

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Position Instruments used for measuring shall be Measuring instruments such as vernier
calibrated, verified or validated, as callipers, micrometer callipers, etc. are
appropriate. covered by several EN-, ISO- and national
standards.

14.5 Resistance brazing (group 918)

Use provisions specified in Clause 8 for resistance welding, as appropriate.

14.6 Furnace brazing in protective atmosphere (group 913)

Table 31 — Time-temperature cycle

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Temperature Thermocouples are stable and accurate Validation of the entire measuring system
measurement and do not need calibration, verification or can be performed by checks at a
validation. The connected electrical reasonable number of temperature
instruments and in particular the entire gaugings by a master thermocouple.
measuring system shall be validated,
however.
If control is established by measurement
of oven temperatures (and not by
thermocouples directly placed on the
heat-treated structure), then the
temperature distribution in the oven shall
be checked.
Required accuracy ± 5 °C.
It should be noted that re-validation
usually is needed whenever the electrical
connections have been changed.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISOfor2005
Copyright International Organization – All rights reserved
Standardization 19
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Time Watches, recording instruments. Time recording instruments should be

measurement validated by means of a watch.
Watches shall be considered sufficiently
accurate unless obviously defective and
need not to be validated.
The main risk consists in misinterpretation
of the scale and re-validation usually is
needed whenever the instrument settings
have been changed.

Table 32 — Furnace type

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Furnace type See 5.1 —

Table 33 — Furnace atmosphere

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Type Common practice does not include use of Use recognized method for gas analysis.
any instrument, unless incoming specific
inspection of delivered gas is required.
Required accuracy shall be compatible
with the composition of the gas.
Purity Common practice does not include use of
—
any specific instrument.
Gas flow rate Instruments shall be validated. Required Use a master instrument (flowmeter).
accuracy ± 20 % of gas flow rate.

14.7 Vacuum brazing (group 924)

Table 34 — Time-temperature cycle

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Temperature Thermocouples are stable and accurate Validation of the entire measuring system
measurement and do not need calibration, verification or can be performed by checks at a
validation. The connected electrical reasonable number of temperature
instruments and in particular the entire gaugings by a master thermocouple.
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

measuring system shall be validated,

however.
If control is established by measurement
of oven temperatures (and not by
thermocouples directly placed on the
heat-treated structure), then the
temperature distribution in the oven shall
be checked.
Required accuracy ± 5 °C.
It should be noted that re-validation
usually is needed whenever the electrical
connections have been changed.

20
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Time Watches, recording instruments. Time recording instruments shall be

measurement validated by means of a watch.
Watches shall be considered sufficiently
accurate unless obviously defective and
need not to be validated.
The main risk consists in misinterpretation
of the scale and re-validation usually is
needed whenever the instrument settings
have been changed.

Table 35 — Furnace type

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Furnace type See 5.1 —

Table 36 — Vacuum pressure

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Pressure in the Instruments shall be validated in cases Use a master instrument (pressure gauge).
furnace where pressure control is essential for the
purposes of the brazed joint.

Table 37 — Accelerated cooling gas

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Type Common practice does not include use of Use recognized method for gas analysis.
any instrument, unless incoming
inspection of delivered gas is required.
Required accuracy shall be compatible
with the composition of the gas.
Pressure The pressure gauges shall be validated. Use a master instrument (pressure gauge).

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 21
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

14.8 Furnace brazing in open atmosphere (group 913)

Table 38 — Time-temperature cycle

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Temperature Thermocouples are stable and accurate Validation of the entire measuring system
measurement and do not need calibration, verification or can be performed by checks at a
validation. The connected electrical reasonable number of temperature
instruments and in particular the entire gaugings by a master thermocouple.
measuring system shall be validated,
however.
If control is established by measurement
of oven temperatures (and not by
thermocouples directly placed on the
heat-treated structure), then the
temperature distribution in the oven shall
be checked.
Required accuracy ± 5 °C.
It should be noted that re-validation
usually is needed whenever the electrical
connections have been changed.
Time Watches, recording instruments. Time recording instruments shall be
measurement validated by means of a watch.
Watches shall be considered sufficiently
accurate unless obviously defective and
need not to be validated.
The main risk consists in misinterpretation
of the scale and re-validation usually is
needed whenever the instrument settings
have been changed.

Table 39 — Furnace type

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Furnace type See 5.1 —

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

22 Organization for Standardization

Copyright International © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

14.9 Dip brazing (group 914), salt-bath brazing (group 915) and flux brazing (group 93)

Table 40 — Time-temperature cycle

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Temperature Thermocouples are stable and accurate Validation of the entire measuring system
measurement and do not need calibration, verification or can be performed by checks at a
validation. The connected electrical reasonable number of temperature
instruments and in particular the entire gaugings by a master thermocouple.
measuring system shall be validated,
however.
If control is established by measurement
of oven temperatures (and not by
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

thermocouples directly placed on the

heat-treated structure), then the
temperature distribution in the oven shall
be checked.
Required accuracy ± 5 °C.
It should be noted that re-validation
usually is needed whenever the electrical
connections have been changed.
Time Watches, recording instruments. Time recording instruments shall be
measurement validated by means of a watch.
Watches shall be considered sufficiently
accurate unless obviously defective and
need not to be validated.
The main risk consists in misinterpretation
of the scale and re-validation usually is
needed whenever the instrument settings
have been changed.

Table 41 — Bath composition

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Bath composition Common practice does not include use of
—
any specific instrument.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 23
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

14.10 Infrared brazing (group 911)

Table 42 — Temperature measurement

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Temperature Thermocouples are stable and accurate Validation of the entire measuring system
measurement and do not need calibration, verification or can be performed by checks at a
validation. The connected electrical reasonable number of temperature
instruments and in particular the entire gaugings by a master thermocouple.
measuring system shall be validated,

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
however.
If control is established by measurement
of oven temperatures (and not by
thermocouples directly placed on the
heat-treated structure), then the
temperature distribution in the oven shall
be checked.
Required accuracy ± 5 °C.
It should be noted that re-validation
usually is needed whenever the electrical
connections have been changed.

Table 43 — Atmosphere

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Type Common practice does not include use of Use recognized method for gas analysis.
any specific instrument, unless incoming
inspection of delivered gas is required.
Required accuracy shall be compatible
with the composition of the gas.
Purity Common practice does not include use of
—
any specific instrument.
Gas flow rate Instruments shall be validated. Use a master instrument (flowmeter).
Required accuracy ± 20 % of gas flow
rate.

15 Preheat and/or post weld heat treatment

15.1 Preheat

Preheating is a critical operation (when needed) and proper control of preheating is essential for the properties of
the welds. Calibration, verification or validation can be needed for the process data stated in Table 44.

24
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Table 44 — Temperature measurement

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Preheat Surface thermometers, thermocouples, This can, for normal preheat temperatures,
temperature and thermochrome crayons, etc. be performed by validation at two fix-points:
interpass melting ice and boiling water. However, for
Thermocouples are reasonably stable and
temperature high preheat temperatures and, in
accurate and do not usually need to be
particular if the instrument range of
validated. The connected electrical
measurement is changed, validation at a
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

instruments and in particular the entire

higher fix-point temperature is needed. A
set-up shall be validated, however.
master thermocouple can be used.
Thermochrome crayons, etc. do not have
to be checked, if delivered by a reliable
supplier.
Required accuracy ± 5 °C.
Preheat time Watches, recording instruments. Watches shall be considered sufficiently
accurate unless obviously defective. Time
The main risk consists in misinterpretation
recording instruments shall be validated by
of the scale and re-validation is usually
means of a watch.
needed whenever the instrument settings
have been changed.

15.2 Post weld heat treatment

Post weld heat treatment is a critical operation (when needed) and proper control is essential for the properties of
the welded joints and indeed the entire structure. Calibration, verification or validation can be needed for the
process data stated in Table 45.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 25
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Table 45 — Temperature measurement

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Temperature Thermocouples are stable and accurate Validation of the entire measuring system
and do not need calibration, verification or can be performed by checks at a
validation. The connected electrical reasonable number of temperature
instruments and in particular the entire gaugings by a master thermocouple.
measuring system shall be validated,
however.
If control is established by measurement
of oven temperatures (and not by
thermocouples directly placed on the
heat-treated structure), then the
temperature distribution in the oven shall
be checked.
Required accuracy ± 5 °C.
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

It should be noted that re-validation

usually is needed whenever the electrical
connections have been changed.
Heat treatment Watches, recording instruments. Time recording instruments shall be
time validated by means of a watch.
Watches shall be considered sufficiently
accurate unless obviously defective and
need not to be validated.
The main risk consists in misinterpretation
of the scale and re-validation usually is
needed whenever the instrument settings
have been changed.

16 Post weld cleaning

Calibration, verification or validation can be needed for the process data stated in Table 46.

Table 46 — Post weld cleaning

Designation Need for calibration, verification or Instruments and techniques

validation
Surface conditions Instruments used for control of surface Specific to instruments and surface
conditions shall be calibrated or validated. characteristics. Appropriate standards for
the equipment shall be consulted.
Process Instruments used for process control Appropriate standards for the equipment
shall be calibrated, verified or validated, shall be consulted.
as appropriate, depending on the nature
of the cleaning process: Washing,
pickling, abrasive blasting, etc.

17 Flame cutting (group 81) and other ancillary processes

Flame cutting machines are similarly controlled by observing the quality (visual appearance) of the cut faces and
not so much on measured gas pressures and flow rates and calibration, verification or validation are usually
required.

NOTE Procedure testing of flame cutting and other ancillary processes is usually not required.

26
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Annex A
(informative)

Details for stud welding

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Key

a Pilot current c Short-circuit current e Pilot arc g Short-circuit time

b Main current d Welding time f After-burning time

1 Trigger 2 Current 3 Voltage

4 Voltage at solenoid (present welding time) 5 Stud travel

Figure A.1 — Drawn arc stud welding process (783) (schematic)

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 27
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Acceptance testing of equipment

Calibration, verification and validation of measuring devices used for manufacture and/or acceptance testing of
equipment is, in general, outside the scope of the present standard. The following guidance can, however, be
given:

Many types of equipment are covered by standards specifying requirements to outgoing inspection. The standards
usually include provisions for verification, validation or calibration of measuring instruments integrated into the
equipment.

A number of standards specify requirements to acceptance testing of equipment. These standards typically relate
to complex equipment where the installation phase is critical for the quality of the entire installation and/or the
equipment is composed of components delivered from more than one supplier. At least parts of the final
acceptance testing are usually performed after installation in the welding workshop.

Some of the standards for acceptance testing, in particular EN ISO 14744-1 to EN ISO 14744-6 and
EN ISO 15616-1 to EN ISO 15616-3 include provisions for check of x-y tables, rotary tables, etc. These provisions
can also to some extent be used for acceptance testing of similar equipment installed in combination with complex
equipment for other welding processes.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

28 Organization for Standardization

Copyright International © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Annex C
(informative)

Parties involved

Manufacturers should be aware of the fact that legal, contractual or commercial requirements can restrict the
choice of the organization performing calibration, verification or validation. The organization may have to have a
special status, e.g. as accredited third party. The requirements depend on the nature of the product and also on the
customer. The manufacturer should consider all likely requirements in order to avoid unnecessary re-calibrations,
etc.

Calibration, verification and validation necessitate an unbroken tractability chain all the way back to an object or
phenomenon directly reflecting the definition of one or more units, using more and more accurate instruments. Few
manufacturers are able to perform the entire chain of calibrations and verifications needed and have instead to rely
on subcontractors (organizations specialized in fundamental calibration and verification). The manufacturer should
note that requirements to the status of the calibrating organization (if any) usually applies to all subcontractors in
the entire tractability chain.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 29
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Annex ZA
(normative)
List of corresponding European and International Standards for which
equivalents are not given in the text

EN 729-1 ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements for welding - Fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 1:
Guidelines for selection and use

EN 729-2, ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for welding - Fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 2:
Comprehensive quality requirements

EN 729-3, ISO 3834-3, Quality requirements for welding - Fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 3: Standard
quality requirements

EN 729-4, ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements for welding - Fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 4:
Elementary quality requirements

CR 12361, ISO/TR 16060, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Etchants for macroscopic and
microscopic examination

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

30
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)

Bibliography

EN 13918, Gas welding equipment — Integrated flowmeter regulators used on cylinders for welding, cutting and
allied processes — Classification, specification and tests.
EN 28206, Acceptance tests for oxygen cutting machines — Reproducible accuracy — Operational characteristics
(ISO 8206:1991).
EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
(ISO 4063:1998).
EN ISO 14744-1, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines — Part 1: Principles and
acceptance conditions (ISO 14744-1:2000).
EN ISO 14744-2, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines — Part 2: Measurement of
accelerating voltage characteristics (ISO 14744-2:2000).
EN ISO 14744-3, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines — Part 3: Measurement of
beam current characteristics (ISO 14744-3:2000).
EN ISO 14744-4, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines — Part 4: Measurement of
welding speed (ISO 14744-4:2000).
EN ISO 14744-6, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines — Part 6: Measurement of
stability of spot position (ISO 14744-6:2000).
EN ISO 15616-1, Acceptance tests for CO2 laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting —
Part 1: General principles, acceptance conditions (ISO 15616-1:2003).

EN ISO 15616-2, Acceptance tests for CO2 laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting —
Part 2: Measurement of static and dynamic accuracy (ISO 15616-2:2003).

EN ISO 15616-3, Acceptance tests for CO2 laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting —
Part 3: Calibration of instruments for measurement of gas flow and pressure (ISO 15616-3:2003).

EN ISO 9000:2000, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 9000:2000).
EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001:2000).

EN ISO 9004, Quality management systems — Guidelines for performance improvements (ISO 9004:2000).

[1] International vocabulary of basic and general terms used in metrology, 1993, Published by ISO, Geneva.

--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISOfor2005
Copyright International Organization – All rights reserved
Standardization 31
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 ISO 17662:2005(E)
--`,,`,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ICS 25.160.30
Price based on 31 pages

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale