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Programming Fundamentals: Tuple and Dictionary

Tuple is an immutable ordered collection of elements that are accessed using integer indices. Tuples are created using parentheses and its elements cannot be changed unlike lists. Dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs where keys are unique and values can be of any data type. Dictionaries are created using curly braces and values can be accessed, added or deleted using keys. The document provides examples of creating, accessing and modifying tuples and dictionaries in Python.

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Sarah Gohar
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56 views

Programming Fundamentals: Tuple and Dictionary

Tuple is an immutable ordered collection of elements that are accessed using integer indices. Tuples are created using parentheses and its elements cannot be changed unlike lists. Dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs where keys are unique and values can be of any data type. Dictionaries are created using curly braces and values can be accessed, added or deleted using keys. The document provides examples of creating, accessing and modifying tuples and dictionaries in Python.

Uploaded by

Sarah Gohar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Fundamentals

Tuple and Dictionary


Tuple
Sometimes want to create a list of items that cannot
change. Tuples allow you to do just that.
 Python refers to values that cannot change as
immutable, and an immutable list is called a tuple.
 Tuples are like lists, but their elements are fixed; that
is, once a tuple is created, you cannot add new
elements, delete elements, replace elements, or
reorder the elements in the tuple.
 The differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples
cannot be changed unlike lists and tuples use
parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets.
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Creating a tuple
 tup1 = () #empty tuple
 tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)
 tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) #tuple of integers
 tup3 = "a", "b", "c", "d“ #tuple of characters/string
Example: difference for int and tuple class
tup1 = (50) tup1 = (50,)
print(type(tup1)) print(type(tup1))

Use these code and check the difference in term of data


type.

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Create a tuple from a list
 t3 = tuple([2 * x for x in range(1, 5)]) # (2, 4, 6, 8)
You can also create a tuple from a string. Each character in
the string becomes an element in the tuple. For example:
# Create a tuple from a string
 t4 = tuple("abac") # t4 is ['a', 'b’,'a', 'c']

You can use the functions len, min, max, and sum on a
tuple. You can use a for loop to traverse all elements in a
tuple, and can access the elements or slices of the elements
using an index operator.

RQ 4
Example:
 tuple1 = ("green", "red", "blue") # Create a tuple
print(tuple1)

 tuple2 = tuple([7, 1, 2, 23, 4, 5]) #Create a tuple from a list


print(tuple2)

 print("length is", len(tuple2)) #Use function len use functions


 print("max is", max(tuple2)) #Use max
 print("min is", min(tuple2)) #Use min
 print("sum is", sum(tuple2)) #Use sum
 print("The first element is", tuple2[0]) #Indexing
 tuple3 = tuple1 + tuple2 #Merge two tuple
print(tuple3)

 tuple3 = 2 * tuple1 #Duplicate a tuple


print(tuple3)
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Example
 print(2 in tuple2) #in operator

 for v in tuple1: #looping


print(v, end = ' ‘)
print()

 list1 = list(tuple2) #Obtain a list from a tuple


list1.sort()

 t = (1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 0, 5) #Slicing operator


print(t[2 : 4])
print(t[ : -1])
print(t[1 : -1])

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A tuple takes less memory space in Python:
import sys
l = [1,2,3]
t = (1, 2, 3)
print(sys.getsizeof(l))
print(sys.getsizeof(t))

✓ Lists consume more memory; Tuple consume less


memory as compared to the list

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Dictionaries
 The data structure is called a “dictionary”
because it resembles a word dictionary, where
the words are the keys and the words’
definitions are the values.
 A dictionary is a container object that stores a
collection of key/value pairs.
 It enables fast retrieval, deletion, and updating
of the value by using the key.

8
A dictionary cannot contain duplicate keys. Each key maps to one value. A
key and its corresponding value form an item (or entry) stored in a dictionary,
as shown in Figure.
Dictionary in Python is an unordered collection of data values, Dictionary
holds key:value pair.

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Creating dictionary
Create a dictionary by enclosing the items inside a pair
of curly braces {}.
 dict1={} #Create an empty dictionary
 dict2={1: 'apple', 2: 'ball'} # dictionary with integer
keys
 dict3 = {'Name': 'xyz', 1: [1, 2, 3, 4]} #used list in
dictionary
 my_dict = {'name':'xyz', 'age': 26} #Accessing Values
in Dictionary
print("value:",my_dict['name’])
print("value:",my_dict.get('age'))
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#Remove a key from a Python dictionary:
myDict = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}
print(myDict)
if 'a' in myDict:
del myDict['a’]
print(myDict)
#Sort a Python dictionary by key:
color_dict = {'red':'#FF0000’,
'green':'#008000’,
'black':'#000000’,
'white':'#FFFFFF’}
for key in sorted(color_dict):
print("%s: %s" % (key, color_dict[key]))
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Program to iterate over dictionaries using for loops:
d = {'x': 10, 'y': 20, 'z': 30}
for dict_key, dict_value in d.items():
print(dict_key,'->',dict_value)

#Program to sum all the items in a dictionary:


my_dict = {'data1':100,'data2':-54,'data3':247}
print(sum(my_dict.values()))

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