INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO SUPERIOR DE

MISANTLA
Mom said to us that she would do the washing-up later

MATTER:
ENGLISH

STUDENT:
ISIDORA
PERES RIVERA

SEMESTER:
"6"

TEACHER
NAME:
NOÉ GARCÍA
UNIT 2 EXERCISES SUMMER
COURSE

DATE:
24-07-2020

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UNIT 2
Would prefer, would rather: expressing specific preference

When we speak about a specific preference, would rather and would prefer have the
same meaning and are interchangeable.

We went to the theatre yesterday. Today I would rather go to the cinema.

We went to the theatre yesterday. Today I would prefer to go to the cinema.

Would rather is followed by the infinitive without to.

Would prefer is followed by to + infinitive or a noun.

I'd rather have fruit juice.

I'd prefer to have fruit juice.
I'd prefer fruit juice.

We use a past tense after would rather when we speak about the actions of other
people, even though that action may be in the present or future.

I'd rather you took a taxi (instead of walking) – it's not safe on the streets at night.
The film is quite violent. I'd rather our children didn't watch it.

We say:
would rather . . . than

It's such nice weather – I'd rather sit in the garden than watch TV.

We say:
would prefer . . . rather than / instead of
It's such nice weather – I'd prefer to sit in the garden rather than watch TV.

Prefer, would rather: expressing general preference

When we talk about general preferences, we can use prefer or would rather. The
meaning is the same.
I prefer walking to cycling.
I would rather walk than cycle.
After prefer we use the verb in the -ing form.
I prefer using a keyboard to writing with a pen.
After would rather we use the infinitive without to.
I’d rather use a keyboard than write with a pen.
(I’d = I would)

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We say: prefer . . . to . . .
I prefer walking to driving.
We say: would rather . . . than . . .
I’d rather walk than drive.

EXERCISE 1

Choose the best answer to fill the gap in each of the following.

 
to
1  I prefer coffee   tea. 
go
2  I don't fancy the theatre again. I'd rather   to the cinema. 
w alking
3  Although I love relaxing on beaches, I think I prefer   in the
mountains. 
to
4  I prefer trains   cars. 
travelling
5  I'm not a big fan of cars; I prefer   by train. 
live in Paris than in London
6  If I had a choice, I think I'd rather   . 
to eat
7  They'd rather have lunch inside, but I'd prefer   outside in the
garden. 
than discuss
8  I'd rather speak to him in person   things over the phone.

EXERCISE 2

Choose the correct option for each gap below.

to
1I prefer brown sugar   white sugar.
stay
2I don't want to go out. I'd rather   home.
to lying
3I like trekking in the mountains, but I prefer   on a sandy beach.
than
4I'd rather go in December   in May.
than stay
5I'd rather come with you   here alone.
to travelling
6I prefer travelling by bus   by train.

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 to have
7I usually have tea, but today I'd prefer   coffee, please.
rather than w atch
8I'd prefer to read for a while   TV.
stay
9I'd rather you   here with me and the kids.
w ould prefer
10She   to stay in a hotel.

EXERCISE 3
Choose the correct option.
1- She would rather eat a salad than a hamburger.
a. would rather b. prefer
2-They prefer dogs. They don't like cats.
a. would rather b. prefer
3- I would rather stay home today.
a. would rather b. prefer
4- We prefer watching basketball.
a. would rather b. prefer
5- Usually people prefer warm weather.
a. would rather b. prefer
6- I wpuld rather buy the blue shirt.
a. would rather b. prefer
7-Why do you prefer going out with Tom?
a. would rather b. prefer
8- I woukd rather have the meeting at 6 pm.
a. would rather b. prefer
9- Normally, we prefer going to the beach.
a. would rather b. prefer
10- I would rather watch the football game.
a. would rather b. prefer

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CLAUSES OF CONCESSION AND PURPOSE.

1. Clauses of concession: Although, even though, though. In spite of / despite.

The examples below show us that although / even though and despite / in spite

of are similar in meaning, but are used differently.

although, even though despite, in spite of

(+ clause) (+ verb + -ing)

Even though he's a millionaire, he lives Despite / in spite of being a millionaire,

in a very small apartment. he lives in a very small apartment.

He lives in a very small flat even He lives in a very small flat despite / in

though he's a millionaire. spite of being a millionaire.

Although / even though he's much Despite / in spite of being much older

older than the others, he won the race. than the others, he won the race.

He won the race although / even

though he's much older than the He won the race despite / in spite
others. of being much older than the others.

Even though / although it rained a lot, Despite / in spite of the rain, I enjoyed

I enjoyed the holiday. the holiday.

Even though / although they have a lot Despite / in spite of their money,

of money, they're still not happy. they're still not happy.

Though. Though can also go at the end of the

second phrase. This way of expressing
Though can be used in the same way contrasting ideas is most common in
as although.  spoken English.

Though I wasn't keen on the film, I We waited ages for our food. The
thought the music was beautiful. waiter was really nice, though.

Despite, in spite of. Despite the heavy traffic, we got there

on time.
Despite and in spite of have the same
meaning and are prepositions. Despite being much older than the
others, he won the race.
We use despite / in spite of to express
that something is unexpected or

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 surprising.

In spite of / despite the heavy traffic,

Despite and in spite of can be followed we got there on time. (+ noun)
by a noun or verb. In spite of / despite the
traffic being heavy, we got there on
They can also be followed by the fact time. (+ verb -ing)
that, which is less formal.
In spite of / despite the fact that he is
We use in spite of / despite: much older than the others, he won the
+ noun race.
+ verb + -ing In spite of / despite being much older
+ the fact that. than the others, he won the race.

Despite is more common than in spite of in formal written English.

EXERCISE 1.

1. we are a small company; we sell almost a hundred machines a month.

Despite
although
In spite of

2. all the difficulties, the project started on time and was a success.
 Despite
In spite of
Even though

3. we were warned against doing so, we went ahead with the project. 
Although
Despite
In spite of

4. his lack of experience, he became a successful businessman. 

Despite
In spite of
Even though

5. being by far the oldest player, he scored three goals.

Despite
In spite of
Even though

6. he's a millionaire, he drives a second-hand car.

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Despite
In spite of
Although

7. it rained a lot; I enjoyed the holiday.

Despite
Although
In spite of

8. working for the company for six months now, he never seems to know what to
do. 

EXERCISE 2.

1. they'd only known each other for two months, they got engaged.
Despite
In spite of
Even though

2. She passed her driving test, _____ she made a lot of mistakes.
despite
in spite of
even though

3. _____ the fact that I'm allergic to dogs, my parents are getting a puppy.
In spite of
Although
Even though

4. _____ I love sweets and cakes; I try not to eat them during the week.
Although
Despite
In spite of

5. I'm a terrible singer, _____ having two parents who are good musicians.
in spite of
even though
although

6. I would move to Australia if I got a job offer, _____ the distance from my family.
despite
even though
although

7. I completely forgot to post the letter, _____ him reminding me in the morning.
in spite of
although

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even though

8. _____ I'm a nurse, I can't stand the sight of blood.

Despite
In spite of
Even though

9. We decided to buy the house, _____ we didn't really have enough money.
despite
in spite of
even though

10. _____ my careful planning, we ended up staying in a really bad hotel.

Despite
Although
Even though

11. My partner snores really loudly but _____ that I sleep well.
even though
in spite of
although

12. You keep making that stupid noise _____ I've asked you to stop three times.
despite
in spite of
even though

13.  won the race _____ coming last in the practice run.
although
in spite of
even though

14. Even _____ you told me ten times, I still forgot.

despite
though
although

15. I handed my report in on time _____ the fact that I had been ill all day.
despite
even though
although

16. ____ she's arriving late, she still wants to eat when she gets here.
Despite
In spite of
Although

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Choose from Despite / In spite of / although / even though / though / despite the
fact that. (more than one answer is possible)

Despite
1.                      the bad weather, we went on a school picnic.
In spite of
2.                      his illness, Benny went to school because he
had an important exam.
Even though
3.                      she was very busy, my mother cooked a great
meal for us.
4. I studied hard for my English test. I still got a low grade                 
though
.
despite
5. My mother is never pleased with my grades                      I
get nothing less than a 'B'.
even though
6. I have so many cavities                      I brush my teeth
regularly.
In spite of
7.                      the heavy fog, we managed to get to the
meeting on time.
Although
8.                      we played well, we couldn't win the game.
9. The elevator was out of order so I had to use the stairs                 
in spite of
 being exhausted.
despite
10. She still loves her husband                      they broke up.
despite
11. He is very unhappy                      he is very rich.
Despite
12.                      I lived in France for two years, I can hardly
speak any French.
in spite of
13. He's decided to go on a vacation                      all the
financial problems they are going through.
despite
14. I can't let you go out with him                      I know how
kind he is.
although
15. I am not going to eat fast food                      I am starving.

2. Clauses of purpose: In order to / to, so that, so as to, due to, since, because of.

To
We use 'to + verb' to say why we do something.
Examples:
I'm going to Ireland to visit my family.
I went to the post office to buy some stamps.

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In order to / So as to
We can also use 'in order to' or 'so as to'.
Examples:
I'm going to Ireland in order to visit my family.
I went to the post office so as to buy some stamps.
Note:
1. in order to' and 'so as to' are more common before stative verbs like:  be, have,
know, appear, seem, understand, etc.
 Example:
She left work early in order to be at home with the children.
2. Before a negative infinitive, we normally use 'so as to' or 'in order to'.
Example:
I am leaving now so as not to be late.  (not: I am leaving now not to be late).
3. Do not use 'for' before the infinitive of purpose.
Example:
I phoned Jenny to invite her to dinner. (not: I phoned Jenny for invite her to dinner)

So that
This structure is also frequently used to talk about purpose.
It is normally followed by modal such as can or will.
Example:
I am saving money so that I can buy a new car.

EXERCISE 1

to

1. I'm studying very hard at the moment   pass my exams next

month.

to

2. I bought a dictionary   help with my vocabulary.

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 so that

3. I went to bed early   I wouldn't be tired in the morning.

in order not to

4. I have to get up early. I set the alarm for five o'clock   oversleep.

so that

5. I waited for an hour   I could meet her.

in order not to

6. Some people do not eat before exercises   feel nauseated.

in order to

7. Do exercise regularly   have excellent health and well-being.

in order to

8. My sister gave English lessons   earn some pin money.

to

9. Jenny is a very nice person. She is always prompt   help her friends.

to

10. They took the taxi   waste time.

to

11. I'm going to Australia   forget my English.

so that

12. Make sure your bags are tagged   you can identify them later.

EXERCISE 2

Choose the correct word or phrase to fill the space.

1. We stayed inside because of the storm. (since / because of)

2. I wanted to stay longer because of I was really enjoying the party. (since /
because of)

3. Amanda stayed at home due to her illness. (since / due to)

4. Her lateness was because of a terrible traffic jam. (since / because of)

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5. since flights are cheaper in the winter, we decided to travel then. (since /
because of)

6. since she hated cats; she told her husband not to have a single one at home.
(since / because of)

7. John didn't go to work because of it was his first vacation day. (since /
because of)

8. since Nancy was very tired; she decided to go to bed early. (because of /
since)

9. because of getting up late, John missed his train. (because of / due to)

10. Lucy was very sad due to she missed James a lot. (because of / due to)

11. because of the terrible weather, we decided not to walk home. (because
of / since)

12. I was very happy with my present because of it was exactly what I
wanted. (because of / since)

13. Kate ordered her meal without meat due to she is a vegetarian. (due to /
because of)

14. I didn't want to leave because of I was having a great time. (because of /
since)

15. Lisa bought those shoes since they were on sale. (because of / since)

16. We were late for our flight because of the traffic. (because of / since)

17. because it was really cold, I put on my gloves and my hat. (because /
since)

18. She couldn't come due to she had to work. (due to / because of)

19. because of its high price, we didn't rent the flat. (since / because of)

20. because of his great cooking, we love going to dinner at Tina's house.
(because of / since)

All, all of, [both, both of, neither, neither of, either, either of], either …
or, neither … nor, none.

We use both/neither/either for two things. You can use these words with

a noun (both books, neither book   etc.).
For example, you are talking about going out to eat this evening. There are two
restaurants where you can go. You say:

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·        Both restaurants are very good. (not ‘ the both restaurants’).
·        Neither restaurant is expensive.
·        We can go to either restaurant. I don’t mind. ( either=one or the other, it doesn’t
matter which one)

  Both of... / neither of…/ either of…

When we use both/neither/either + of, you always
need the …/ these/ those…/ my/ yours/ his/ Tom’s…. (etc.). You cannot say ‘both of
restaurants’. You have to say ‘both of the restaurants’, ‘both of those restaurants’
etc. :        Both of these restaurants are very good.
·        Neither of the restaurants we went to was (or were) expensive.
·        I haven’t been to be either of those restaurants. (= I haven’t been to one or the
other)

  You don’t need of after both. So you can say:

·        Both my parents are from London.    or     Both of my parents….
 You can use both of / neither of / either of + us/you/them:
·        (talking to two people) Can either of you speaking Spanish?
·        I asked two people the way to the station but neither of them knew.
 You must say ‘both of’ before us/you/them (of is necessary):
·        Both of us were very tired. (not ‘ Both us were…’)

After neither of... a singular or a plural verb is possible:

·        Neither of the children wants ( or want) to go to bed.
   You can also use both/neither/either alone:
·        I couldn’t decide which of the two shirts to buy. I liked both. ( or I liked both
of them. )
·        ‘Is your friend British or American?’     ‘Neither. She’s Australian.’
·        ‘Do you want tea or coffee?’   ‘Either. I don’t mind.’

You can say: Both… and…:

·        Both Sara and Abdullah were late.
·        I was both tired and hungry when I arrived home.

 Neither ….nor…:
·        Neither Ali nor Omer came to the party.
·        She said she would contact me but she neither wrote nor phoned.
  
Either… or…:
·        I’m not sure where he’s from. He’s either Arabic or Italian.
·        Either you apologies or I’ll never speak to you again.

  Compare either/neither/both (two things) and any/none/all (more than two):

·        There are two good hotels in the town. You can stay at either of them.
·        There are many good hotels in the town. You can stay at any of them.
·        We tried two hotels. Neither of them had any rooms. / Both of them were full.
·        We tried a lot of hotels. None of them had any rooms. / All of them were full.

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 Both, All, Neither, None, Either
·         Both is used in affirmatives when we refer to two things/people.
·         Neither is used in negative sentences when we are negating two subjects.
·         Either is used in negative sentences when we are negating the verb and the subject.
·         All is used in affirmatives when we refer to more than two things.
·         None is used in negatives when we are negating more than two subjects.
·         Any is used in negatives when we are negating the verbs and several subjects.

EXERCISE 1

1. I checked __________ of them but __________ of them were ok.

both/either
all/any

both/neither

2. He lent me a couple of books but I didn´t read __________ of them.

all
neither

either

3. There are a few shops in my town and ________ of them sell food.
all
both
neither

4. ___________ Peter and John came to the party, even though I didn´t invite
_____________ of them.
Both/neither
Neither/both

Both/either

5. ___________ of the glasses were broken at the party, however I broke one the
next day.
Either
All

None

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6. You can ____________ come on Monday or Tuesday it doesn´t matter.
either
both

all

7. I broke _________ of my arms skiing, I couldn´t work for several months.

both
either

neither

8. I didn´t break _______________ of my legs though.

both
either

neither

9. He____________ cleans nor cooks.

both
either

neither

10. He has never been to ___________ France or Germany.

both
neither

either

11. Could you bring me _____________ of the pens that you have please, I need
them ________________.
both/both
both/either

either/both

12. Which is a city, Madrid or Barcelona?

Both of them are cities.
Either of them is a city.

Both are cities.

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13. Which one of his parents is in hospital?
Either of them is in hospital.
Neither of them is in hospital.

Both of them is in hospital.

14. Which exercise did you do?

I did either of them.
I didn´t do neither of them.

I did all of them.

15. Which country has a monarchy, France or Germany?

Either of them has a monarchy.
Neither of them has a monarchy.

Neither of them has a monarchy.

16. Who is sitting down, you or me?

Neither of us is sitting down.

Both are sitting down.

Either of us are.

17. Which hand hurts?

Both of them hurts.
Both of them hurt.

Neither of them hurts.

18. Which question did you answer correctly.

I answered all of them correctly.
I answered both correctly.

I answered either of them correctly.

EXERCISE 2

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1. There are two women in the office, and I do not know ...

 all of them.
 either of them.
 none of them.

2. There is a couple of trees over there, and ... are flowering.

 most of them
 both of them
 either of them

3. ... need love and attention, and yours is no exception.

 All the children

 All children
 All of children

4. She's been working ..., and studying ..., which is why she's
exhausted.

 all day, all night

 all the day, all the night
 all the day long, all the night long

5. You gave me four toys, and ... works. They seem broken.

 all of them
 neither of them
 none of them

6. Which one do you prefer? The blue one or the green one?
... They are lovely.

 I like none of them.

 I like both of them.

 I like all of them.

7. ... love each other.

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  We both

 All we

 Either we

8. Unfortunately, ... they had went sour, and they had to shut down.

 none of the milk

 all milk

 all the milk

9. ... will be coming round for dinner, so I must go to the grocery

round the corner to buy some food for tonight.

 Neither Tom nor John

 Both Tom and John

 Either Tom and John

10. Do you prefer coffee or tea?

… is fine.

 Either

 None

 Neither

EXERCISE 3

Here are some incorrect sentences. Find the mistake and rewrite the part so that it is
correct.

1. Both of his parents is a teacher. Either of his parents is a teacher

2. All of students have a book. All the students have a book

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3. Most the people watch TV. Most the people watch tv

4. She invited all to her party. She invited all the to her party

5. Most of students in this school are Chinese. Most of students in this school are
Chinese

6. All of countries in Europe are democratic. All the countries in Europe are
democratic

7. None students were late yesterday. Neither students were late yesterday

8. He stole all of money that was in the room. He stole all the money that was in
the room

9. Both you can come to the barbecue. Both you can come to the barbecue

10. Most of Dutch people speak good English. Most of dutch people speak
good English

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