Parejas, Reighn Andrie B.

BSMT-AT 2A

Three essential types of pumps

1. Gear pump
A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement. They are
one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid power applications.

Some common failure or problems that we will encounter in gear pumps

 Pump can’t produce oil- If the main engine debugging found that the gear pump
does not come oil, first check whether the rotation direction of the gear pump is
correct. Gear pump has left and right rotation, if the rotation direction is not right, the
pressure oil caused by the volume difference generated by non-gear meshing will
cause oil seal to be washed out and leak. Secondly, check whether the oil filter at
the oil inlet end of gear pump is blocked, which will cause difficulty in oil absorption
or lack of oil absorption, and produce the phenomenon of oil absorption rubber tube
being absorbed.
 The oil seal is washed out- The gear pump is not rotating in the right direction.
When the rotation direction of the pump is incorrect, the high-pressure oil will directly
reach the oil seal, because the low-pressure skeleton oil seal can withstand the
pressure of 0.5 MPa at most, so the oil seal will be washed out.
 Insufficient or insufficient pressure- This phenomenon is mostly related to the
cleanliness of hydraulic oil, such as incorrect selection of oil or the use of oil
cleanliness can not meet the standard requirements, will accelerate the internal
wear of the pump, leading to internal leakage.
  Flow is not up to standard- (1) Intake filter element is too dirty and insufficient to
absorb oil; (2) the installation height of pump is higher than the self-suction height of
pump;(3) the suction pipe of gear pump is too thin, which results in large oil suction
resistance; (4) the leakage of suction nozzle joint causes insufficient oil suction of oil
pump. By observing whether there are bubbles in the tank, we can judge whether
the system is leaking.
 Fever- (1) System overload, mainly manifested in high pressure or speed(2) poor
cleanliness of oil, worsening internal wear and tear, resulting in reduced volumetric
efficiency and heat generation from leakage and throttling of internal clearance(3)
Excessive fine tubing and high oil flow rate.

2. Vane Pump
A rotary vane pump is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a
rotor that rotates inside a cavity.

Common problems of vane pumps

 Dirty Hydraulic Fluid- One of the most common problems of hydraulic vane pumps
and motors is the presence of dirty hydraulic fluid. Dirty hydraulic fluid can occur if
your pumps and motors are not cleaned and maintained regularly. The use of
ineffective filter solutions and contamination-control devices can also cause the
occurrence of dirty hydraulic fluid. Other sources of dirty hydraulic fluid normally
come from contaminated new oil, built-in contamination, externally sourced
contamination, and internally generated contamination.
  Particles Build-up- Another problem that your hydraulic vane pumps and motors
may obtain is the accumulation of metal particles that come off their internal
components. As these pumps and motors run and function, their components might
deteriorate after a long time of use. As these particles gradually come off, they may
accumulate inside and affect the performance of key internal components. Without
removing them, they can subsequently disrupt the whole operations of a machine.
 Cavitation Damages- The components of vane pumps and motors can obtain
damages out of cavitation. It is the formation of bubbles in the fluid that tend to
implode after a specific amount of time. These bubbles have high temperatures. So,
once they started to implode, they can easily weaken and melt the components of
vane pumps, motors, and other surrounding components. Cavitation can be caused
by the air leaking into the fluid. It can likewise be generated by high forces of the
liquid as it moves around the system.
 Erosion Damages- Somehow similar to cavitation damages, erosion damages
typically occur whenever a high-speed oil stream sends out contaminants against the
surface of the pump or motor. The damages brought by erosion can usually found at
metering edges or critical surfaces.
 Catastrophic Failures- Damages that are caused by catastrophic failures can be
spotted easily since there are components that have already been destroyed or
ruined. Catastrophic failures are often caused by over-pressurization, airlocks,
improper modifications, misalignment, incorrect assembly procedures, and
component misapplications. The long-time presence of dirty hydraulic fluid and
particles build-up is known to easily contribute to the occurrence of problems related
to catastrophic failures.

3. Piston pump
A piston pump is a type of positive displacement pump where the high-pressure seal
reciprocates with the piston. Piston pumps can be used to move liquids or compress gases.
Problems/failures in piston pump
The four most common modes of failure in piston pumps result from oil contamination, fatigue
that results from transient pressure spikes, blocked or restricted pump inlet, and pump case
over pressurization.
Contamination can be the result of many things, including egress of water, environmental
contaminants or component ware elements. Telltale signs of contamination include valve plate
scoring, vertical scratches on piston barrels, scratches on the face of pistons, excessive wear of
saddle bearings (or embedded particulate), plugged orifices, stuck compensator spools and
pistons being seized within the cylinder bore of the barrel.
The fatigue that results from transient pressure spikes will present in the form of broken
pistons (at the neck), shafts (where the cylinder barrel rides or at the tail), sheered control pins,
damaged yokes the appearance of cracks between the kidneys of the cylinder barrel.
Blocked or restricted pump inlets will typically present in the form of cavitation on the valve
plate or what some service technicians refer to as a “marble sound.” Vacuum at the inlet leads
to the formation and collapse of small vapor-filled voids. The shockwave generated by the
collapse of these voids leads to the surface damage on the valve plate as well as the telltale
sound.
Pump case over-pressurization can present in the half-moon gouging or full-moon scoring of
the swash plate, damaged shoe retainer, bent seal retainer or protruding shaft seals as well as
shoe damage—rounded edges, loose fit on the ball and excessive wear on the backs of the
shoes. This kind of damage will be the result of shoe lift or rolling caused by the increased case
pressure. This condition can be monitored through the use of a pressure transducer in the case
line. In practice, however, this is rarely done.

Sources:
https://www.terrekosen-hydraulic.com/some-common-faults-of-gear-pump-a-2292.html
http://mobilehydraulics.com.au/common-problems-of-hydraulic-vane-pumps-and-motors/
https://www.hydraulicspneumatics.com/technologies/hydraulic-pumps-
motors/article/21136312/common-modes-of-failure-for-hydraulic-piston-pumps