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UNIT 3 Design For Fluctuating Load

This document discusses stress concentration and fatigue failure due to fluctuating loads. It defines stress concentration factor and explains what causes stress concentration, including abrupt changes in cross-section, discontinuities, cracks, flaws, holes, scratches, gears and other contacting parts. Stress concentration has a more serious effect in brittle materials under static loads and ductile materials under cyclic loads. Fatigue failure results from fluctuating stresses lower than the yield strength. The endurance limit is the criterion for failure. Design should increase the endurance limit through processes like shot peening, cold working and improving surface finish.

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rahul d
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384 views

UNIT 3 Design For Fluctuating Load

This document discusses stress concentration and fatigue failure due to fluctuating loads. It defines stress concentration factor and explains what causes stress concentration, including abrupt changes in cross-section, discontinuities, cracks, flaws, holes, scratches, gears and other contacting parts. Stress concentration has a more serious effect in brittle materials under static loads and ductile materials under cyclic loads. Fatigue failure results from fluctuating stresses lower than the yield strength. The endurance limit is the criterion for failure. Design should increase the endurance limit through processes like shot peening, cold working and improving surface finish.

Uploaded by

rahul d
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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25

5 DESIGN AGAINST FLUCTUATING LOAD

5.1 Stress concentration factor is defined as


(a) ratio of highest stress near the discontinuity to endurance limit
(b) ratio of highest stress near the discontinuity to yield strength
(c) ratio of highest stress near the discontinuity to nominal stress
obtained by elementary equation
(d) ratio of endurance limit to highest stress near the discontinuity
5.2 Stress concentration occurs due to
(a) abrupt change in cross-section
(b) discontinuities in component
(c) internal cracks and flaws
(d) any one of the above
5.3 Stress concentration occurs due to
(a) blow holes (b) keyways and splines
(c) machining scratches (d) any one of the above
5.4 Stress concentration occurs at the contact between
(a) meshing teeth of driving and driven gears
(b) cam and follower
(c) balls and races in ball bearing
(d) any one of the above
5.5 In static loading, the effect of stress concentration is more serious in case of
(a) components made of brittle materials
(b) components made of ductile materials
(c) components made of brittle as well as ductile materials
(d) none of the above
26

5.6 In cyclic loading, the effect of stress concentration is more serious in case of
(a) components made of brittle materials
(b) components made of ductile materials
(c) components made of brittle as well as ductile materials
(d) none of the above
5.7 The maximum stress concentration factor for a rectangular plate with a
transverse hole loaded in tension or compression is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 2.5 (d) 1
5.8 A stress that varies in sinusoidal manner with respect to time from a minimum
value to maximum value and which has some mean as well as amplitude value
is called
(a) reversed stress (b) fluctuating stress
(c) repeated stress (d) varying stress
5.9 A stress that varies in sinusoidal manner with respect to time from zero to
maximum value and which has same values for mean as well as amplitude is
called
(a) reversed stress (b) fluctuating stress
(c) repeated stress (d) varying stress
5.10 A stress that varies in sinusoidal manner with respect to time from tensile to
compressive (or vice versa) and which zero mean is called
(a) reversed stress (b) fluctuating stress
(c) repeated stress (d) varying stress
5.11 Fatigue failure results due to fluctuating stresses when the stress magnitude
is
(a) more than ultimate tensile strength
(b) more than yield strength but lower than ultimate tensile strength
(c) lower than yield strength
(d) none of the above
27

5.12 The criterion of failure for machine parts subjected to fluctuating stresses is
(a) ultimate tensile strength (b) yield strength
(c) endurance limit (d) modulus of elasticity
5.13 The factor of safety for machine parts subjected to reversed stresses is
(a) ratio of yield strength to maximum stress
(b) ratio of endurance limit to amplitude stress
(c) ratio of ultimate tensile strength to maximum stress
(d) ratio of endurance limit to mean stress
5.14 The approximate relationship between endurance limit of rotating beam
specimen ( S'e ) and ultimate tensile strength ( S ut ), in case of steel component, is

(a) S 'e = 0.4 S ut (b) S 'e = 0.75 S ut

(c) S 'e = 0.577 S ut (d) S 'e = 0.5 S ut


5.15 The approximate relationship between endurance limit of rotating beam
specimen ( S'e ) and ultimate tensile strength ( S ut ), in case of cast iron and cast
steel components, is
(a) S 'e = 0.4 S ut (b) S 'e = 0.75 S ut

(c) S 'e = 0.577 S ut (d) S 'e = 0.5 S ut


5.16 The relationship between endurance limit of component subjected to
fluctuating torsional shear stresses ( Sse ) to endurance limit in revered bending
( S e ) is
(a) Sse = 0.4 S e (b) Sse = 0.75 S e
(c) Sse = 0.577 S e (d) Sse = π S e
28

5.17 As the size of the component increases, the endurance limit of the
component
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remains same
(d) increases up to the diameter of 50 mm and then decreases
5.18 The surface finish factor for a highly polished component is
(a) 0.89 (b) 1 (c) 0.85 (d) 0.75
5.19 The reliability factor for using 50% reliability in design is
(a) 0.897 (b) 1 (c) 0.868 (d) 0.814
5.20 The endurance limit of the component can be increased by
(a) increasing the size of component
(b) shot peening
(c) increasing the stress concentration
(d) coating
5.21 Cold working
(a) increases fatigue strength
(b) decreases fatigue strength
(c) has no influence on fatigue strength
(d) none of the above
5.22 In order to find the endurance limit, the rotating beam specimen is
subjected to
(a) repeated stresses (b) reversed stresses
(c) fluctuating stresses (d) maximum stress
29

5.23 The notch sensitivity factor (q) is given by


K f −1 K t −1
(a) q = (b) q =
K t −1 K f −1

K f +1 K t +1
(c) q = (d) q =
K t +1 K f +1

where Kt and Kf are theoretical and fatigue stress concentration factors


respectively.
Answers:
5.1 (c) 5.2 (d) 5.3 (d) 5.4 (d) 5.5 (a)
5.6 (b) 5.7 (b) 5.8 (b) 5.9 (c) 5.10 (a)
5.11 (c) 5.12 (c) 5.13 (b) 5.14 (d) 5.15 (a)
5.16 (c) 5.17(b) 5.18 (b) 5.19 (b) 5.20 (b)
5.21 (a) 5.22 (b) 5.23 (a)

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