Electrical study pack

1) Drawing equipment
i) T square
ii) Drawing board
iii) 30 60 set square
iv) 45 set square
v) compass

pape
r Size Width x Height (mm)

A0 841mm X 1189mm

A1 594mm X 841mm

A2 420mm X 594mm

A3 297mm X 420mm

A4 210mm X 297mm

A5 148mm X 210mm

2) Engineering Drawing Abbreviations

Home >
Abbreviations Used in Engineering Drawings
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e full-size
 measurement is reduced or enlarged proportionally.
There are two (2) types of scales
1. Reduction where the full-size measurement is made smaller
Standard Metric Reduction Scales are 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10. Multiples of
these are also common: 1:20, 1:250, 1:50, 1:500, 1:100, 1:100 and so on
2. Enlargement where the full-size measurement is made bigger
Standard Metric Enlargement scales are 2:1, 5:1, 10:1. Again, multiples of
the stated figures are acceptable as standard scales.
A full-size drawing is done at a scale of 1:1 or 1/1 or 1 divided by 1 or
actual
size.
Using a Reduction Scale, a drawing done to scale 1:2 or ½ or 1 divided by
2
is said to be “half scale.”
Enlargement scales are generally used on items where the measurements
are too small to be see or drawn accurately.

DIMENSIONS

The basic types of dimensioning are

linear,
radial,
angular,
ordinate,
and arc length.

Space

Terms in this set (8)

Rule 1:
Dimensions should not be duplicated, nor should the same info be given in two
different ways
Rule 2:
Dimensions should be attached to the view that best shows the contour of the
feature being dimensioned
Rule 3:
Wherever possible avoid dimensioning to hidden lines
Rule 4:
Avoid dimensions over or through the object
Rule 5:
Wherever possible locate dimensions in adjacent views
 Rule 6:
In general a circle is measured by its diameter circle with line through it, and arc by
its radius R0.50
Rule 7:
Holes are located by their centerlines, which may be extended and used as an
extension line

Rules of sectioning
6 Types of sectional views

 Full sections. ...

 Half sections or views. ...
 Offset sections or views. ...
 Broken out sections or broken views. ...
 Revolving sections or view. ...
 Removed sections.
AutoCAD is a computer-aided software drafting program. It is used for a number of
applications like creating blueprints for buildings, bridges and computer chips to name a
few.AutoCAD is 2D and 3D computer aided drafting software application.09 Aug,2016
Cad means compurte added designs

8 Advantages of AutoCAD

 Draw to Scale. One of the main benefits of AutoCAD is that it allows you to draw to
scale. ...
 Easy Layout and Viewing. ...
 Draw Accurately. ...
 Make Changes Easily and Reduce Risk of Error. ...
 Identify Design Problems. ...
 Calculate Material Quantities for Production. ...
 Store and Transfer Data Safely. ...

 DISADVANTAGES
 Expensive start-up costs. ...
 Fully grasping the use of this software takes time. ...
 The software needs a strong computer processing power. ...
 The courses involving its training are expensive. ...
 AutoCAD cannot freely edit lines and locations. ...
 There are limited file formats. ...
  Limit the number of possible colors.


 AutoCAD Tools
Home » Design » Design Tutorials » AutoCAD Tutorial » AutoCAD Tools

Introduction to AutoCAD Tools

Various components of the basic AutoCAD screen are menu bar, drawing

area, several toolbars, command window, model and layout tabs and

status bar. The title bar has AutoCAD symbol and the current drawing

name is displayed on top of the screen. The various AutoCAD tools

present to assist in drawing a certain part/component, the most basic

types used are:

 Line

 Circle

 Rectangle

 Polyline

 Trim

 Extend

 Copy

 Mirror

 Rotate

 Erase

 Offset

 Move
  Array

 Scale

 Fillet

 Explode

Various AutoCAD Tools
Here are the various AutoCAD Tools which are given below

1. Line
You can invoke the LINE command by choosing the LINE tool from the

Draw panel or you can also invoke the LINE tool by entering LINE or L at

the Command Prompt. You will have to specify the starting point of the

line by clicking mouse then you will be prompted to specify the second

point. You can terminate the LINE command by pressing ENTER, ESC or

SPACEBAR.

2. Circle
A circle is drawn by using the CIRCLE command. You can draw a circle by

using six different tools ie: by specifying center and radius, by specifying

center and diameter, by specifying two diametrical ends, by specifying

three points on a circle, tangent to two objects, tangent to three objects.

3. Rectangle
You can draw rectangles by specifying two opposite corners of the

rectangle, by specifying the area and the size of one of the sides or by

specifying the dimensions of the rectangle.

4. Polyline
Polylines means many lines. To draw a polyline, you need to invoke the

PLINE command. After invoking the PLINE command and specifying the

start point, the following prompt is displayed:

 
Specify start point: specify the starting point or enter its coordinates

Current line width is:  nn.nnnn(00.0000)

Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: specify the

endpoint of the first polyline segment.

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: specify the

endpoint of the second polyline segment or press ENTER to exit the

command.

5. Trim
When creating a design, you may need to remove the unwanted and

extending edge. In such cases, you can use the Trim tool. On invoking the

Trim tool you will be prompted to select the cutting edges. These edges

can be lines, polylines, circles, arcs, ellipses, rays, splines, text, blocks,

xlines or even viewports. After the cutting edge/edges are selected, you

must select each object to be trimmed.

6. Extend
The Extend tool may be considered as the opposite of the Trim tool. You

can extend lines, polylines, rays, and arcs to meet the other objects using
the Extend tool. You can use this option whenever you want to extend the

objects that do not actually intersect the boundary edge but would

intersect its edge if the boundary edges were extended.

7. Copy
This tool is used to make the copies of the selected objects and place

them at the specified location. On invoking this tool, you need to select

the objects and then specify the base point. Next, you need to specify the

second point where the copied objects have to be placed. You can

continue specifying the second point for creating multiple copies of the

selected entities.

8. Mirror
This tool is used to create a mirror copy of the selected objects. The

objects can be mirrored at any angle. This tool is helpful in drawing

symmetrical figures. On invoking this tool, you will be prompted to select

objects. On selecting objects to be mirrored, you will be prompted to enter

the first point of the mirror line and the second point of the mirror line. A

mirror line is an imaginary line about which the objects are mirrored.
9. Rotate
On invoking this tool, you will be prompted to select the objects and the

base point about which the selected objects will be rotated. By default, a

positive angle results in counterclockwise rotation, whereas a negative

angle results in a clockwise rotation. The Rotate tool can also be invoked

from the shortcut menu by selecting an object and right-clicking in the

drawing area and choosing Rotate from the shortcut menu.

10. Erase
Sometimes, you need to erase the unwanted objects from the objects

drawn. To erase an object, choose Erase tool from the Modify panel. To

invoke the Modify toolbar, choose

View>Windows>Toolbars>AutoCAD>Modify from the ribbon. On invoking

the Erase tool, a small box, known as pick box, replaces the screen cursor.

To erase the object, select it by using the pick box; the selected object will

be displayed in dashed lines and the Select objects prompt will be

displayed again. You can either continue selecting the objects or press

ENTER to terminate the object selection process and erase the selected

objects.

11. Offset
You can use the Offset tool to draw parallel lines, polylines, concentric

circles, arcs, curves, etc., While offsetting an object, you need to specify

the offset distance and the side to offset.

12. Move
The Move tool is used to move one or more objects from their current

location to a new location without changing their size or orientation.

13. Array
In some cases, you may need to create an object multiple times in a

rectangular or circular arrangement. This type of arrangement can be

obtained by creating an array of objects. In Rectangular Array, you need

to mention the number of rows and columns along with the Row offset

distance and Column offset distance. Whereas in Polar Array you need to

specify the Center point around which you need the number of objects.

14. Scale
Sometimes you need to change the size of objects in a drawing. For this

purpose, the Scale tool comes in handy.

15. Fillet
The edges in a model are generally filleted to reduce the area of stress

concentration. The fillet tool helps form round corners between any two

entities that form a sharp vertex.

16. Explode
This tool is useful when you have inserted an entire drawing and you need

to alter a small detail. After you invoke the Explode tool, you are

prompted to select the objects you want to explode. After selecting the

objects, press ENTER or right-click to explode the selected objects and

then end the command.

Conclusion
Thus we have seen that from the above-mentioned tools a drawing can be

drawn and further modified, scaled, copied. These tools help us in major

operations of drawing using AutoCAD software. Apart from these, we can

further color the line with a specific line-type and line-weight.