17.1.

2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/1

II
(Non-legislative acts)

DIRECTIVES

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2013/59/EURATOM

of 5 December 2013
laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure
to ionising radiation, and repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom,
97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, (3) Directive 96/29/Euratom establishes the basic safety stan­
dards. The provisions of that Directive apply to normal
and emergency situations and have been supplemented
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic by more specific legislation.
Energy Community, and in particular Articles 31 and 32
thereof,

(4) Council Directive 97/43/Euratom (3), Council Directive

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, 89/618/Euratom (4), Council Directive 90/641/Eura­
drawn up after having obtained the opinion of a group of tom (5) and Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom (6)
persons appointed by the Scientific and Technical Committee cover different specific aspects complementary to
from among scientific experts in the Member States, and after Directive 96/29/Euratom.
having consulted the European Economic and Social
Committee,
(5) As recognised by the Court of Justice of the European
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament, Union in its case-law, the tasks imposed on the
Community by point (b) of Article 2 of the Euratom
Treaty to lay down uniform safety standards to protect
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and the health of workers and the general public does not
Social Committee, preclude, unless explicitly stated in the standards, a
Member State from providing for more stringent
measures of protection. As this Directive provides for
Whereas: minimum rules, Member States should be free to adopt
or maintain more stringent measures in the subject-
(1) Point (b) of Article 2 of the Euratom Treaty provides for matter covered by this Directive, without prejudice to
the establishment of uniform safety standards to protect the free movement of goods and services in the
the health of workers and of the general public. Article 30 internal market as defined by the case-law of the Court
of the Euratom Treaty defines "basic standards" for the of Justice.
protection of the health of workers and the general
public against the dangers arising from ionising radi­
ations. (6) The Group of Experts appointed by the Scientific and
Technical Committee has advised that the basic safety
(2) In order to perform its task, the Community laid down
basic standards for the first time in 1959 by means of (3) Council Directive 97/43/Euratom of 30 June 1997 on health
protection of individuals against the dangers of ionising radiation
Directives of 2 February 1959 laying down the basic in relation to medical exposure, and repealing Directive
standards for the protection of the health of workers 84/466/Euratom (OJ L 180, 9.7.1997, p. 22).
and the general public against the dangers arising from (4) Council Directive 89/618/Euratom of 27 November 1989 on
ionising radiation (1). The Directives have been revised informing the general public about health protection measures to
several times, most recently by Council Directive be applied and steps to be taken in the event of a radiological
96/29/Euratom (2) which repealed the earlier Directives. emergency (OJ L 357, 7.12.1989, p. 31).
(5) Council Directive 90/641/Euratom of 4 December 1990 on the
operational protection of outside workers exposed to the risk of
(1) OJ L 11, 20.2.1959, p. 221. ionising radiation during their activities in controlled areas
(2) Council Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying down (OJ L 349, 13.12.1990, p. 21).
basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers (6) Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom of 22 December 2003 on the
and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan
radiation (OJ L 159, 29.6.1996, p. 1). sources (OJ L 346, 31.12.2003, p. 57).
L 13/2 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

standards, established according to Articles 30 and 31 of by values based on the radiation and tissue weighting
the Euratom Treaty, should take into account the new factors and phantoms laid down in ICRP Publication
recommendations of the International Commission on 103. The Commission will invite the group of experts
Radiological Protection (ICRP), in particular those in referred to in Article 31 of the Euratom Treaty to
ICRP Publication 103 (1), and should be revised in the continue to monitor scientific developments and the
light of new scientific evidence and operational Commission will make recommendations on any
experience. updated values, relationships and coefficients, including
those for exposure to radon, taking relevant opinions of
the group of experts into account.

(7) The provisions of this Directive should follow the

situation based approach introduced by ICRP Publication
103 and distinguish between existing, planned and (12) Article 30 of the Euratom Treaty provides that the "basic
emergency exposure situations. Taking into account this standards" are meant to include "maximum permissible
new framework, this Directive should cover all exposure doses compatible with adequate safety". This Directive
situations and all categories of exposure, namely occupa­ should lay down uniform dose limits for this purpose.
tional, public and medical exposures.

(13) The current annual effective dose limits for occupational

and public exposure should be maintained. However,
(8) The definition of the term "undertaking" in this Directive, there should be no further need for averaging over five
and its use in the context of the protection of the health years, except in special circumstances specified in
of workers against ionising radiation, is without prejudice national legislation.
to the legal systems and the allocation of responsibilities
to the employer introduced in national legislation trans­
posing Council Directive 89/391/EEC (2).
(14) New scientific information on tissue reactions calls for
the optimisation principle to be applied to equivalent
doses as well, where appropriate, in order to keep
(9) Calculation of doses from measureable quantities should doses as low as reasonably achievable. This Directive
rely on scientifically established values and relationships. should also follow new ICRP guidance on the limit for
Recommendations for such dose coefficients have been equivalent dose for the lens of the eye in occupational
published and updated by ICRP, taking scientific progress exposure.
into account. A collection of dose coefficients based on
its earlier recommendations in ICRP Publication 60 (3), is
available as ICRP Publication 119 (4). However, in ICRP
Publication 103, a new methodology was introduced by (15) Industries processing naturally-occurring radioactive
ICRP to calculate doses based on the latest knowledge on material extracted from the earth's crust subject
radiation risks, and this should, where possible, be taken workers and, if material is released into the environment,
into account in this Directive. members of the public to increased exposure.

(16) Protection against natural radiation sources, rather than

(10) For external exposure, values and relationships have been
being addressed separately in a specific title, should be
published following the new methodology in ICRP
fully integrated within the overall requirements. In
Publication 116 (5). These data, as well as the well-estab­
particular, industries processing materials containing
lished operational quantities, should be used for the
naturally-occurring radionuclides should be managed
purpose of this Directive.
within the same regulatory framework as other practices.

(11) For internal exposure, while ICRP has consolidated in (17) It is appropriate for this Directive to establish reference
ICRP Publication 119 all earlier publications (on the levels for indoor radon concentrations and for indoor
basis of ICRP Publication 60) on dose coefficients, gamma radiation emitted from building materials, and
updates of this publication will be provided and the to introduce requirements on the recycling of residues
coefficients that are tabulated in it will be superseded from industries processing naturally-occurring radioactive
materials into building materials.
(1) The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on
Radiological Protection.
(2) Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction
of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of (18) Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 (6) lays down harmonised
workers at work (OJ L 183, 29.6.1989, p. 1). conditions for the marketing of construction products.
(3) 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radio­
logical Protection.
(4) Compendium of Dose Coefficients based on ICRP Publication 60, (6) Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of
2012. the Council of 9 March 2011 laying down harmonised conditions
(5) Conversion Coefficients for Radiological Protection Quantities for for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council
External Radiation Exposures, 2010. Directive 89/106/EEC (OJ L 88, 4.4.2011, p. 5).
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/3

(19) Building materials emitting gamma radiation should be in certain areas or specific types of workplaces to be
within the scope of this Directive but should also be identified by Member States, and appropriate radon and
regarded as construction products as defined in Regu­ exposure reduction measures should be taken if the
lation (EU) No 305/2011, in the sense that that Regu­ national reference level is exceeded. Where levels
lation applies to construction works emitting dangerous continue to remain above the national reference level,
substances or dangerous radiation. these human activities carried out within the workplace
should not be regarded as practices. However, Member
States should ensure that these workplaces are notified
and that, in cases where the exposure of workers is liable
(20) This Directive should be without prejudice to the to exceed an effective dose of 6 mSv per year or a
provisions of Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 on the corresponding time-integrated radon exposure value,
declaration of performance, the establishment of they are managed as a planned exposure situation and
harmonised standards or the means and conditions for that dose limits apply, and determine which operational
making available the declaration of performance or with protection requirements need be applied.
regard to CE marking.

(26) The exposure of air crew to cosmic radiation should be

(21) Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 requires information to be managed as a planned exposure situation. The operation
made available when products are placed on the market. of spacecraft should come under the scope of this
This does not affect the right of Member States to specify Directive and, if dose limits are exceeded, be managed
in national legislation requirements for additional as a specially authorised exposure.
information they deem necessary to ensure radiation
protection.

(27) The contamination of the environment may pose a threat

to human health. The Community's secondary legislation
(22) Recent epidemiological findings from residential studies so far has regarded such contamination only as a
demonstrate a statistically significant increase of lung pathway of exposure to members of the public directly
cancer risk from prolonged exposure to indoor radon affected by radioactive effluent discharged to the
at levels of the order of 100 Bq m–3. The new concept environment. While the state of the environment can
of exposure situations allows the provisions of impact long-term human health, this calls for a policy
Commission Recommendation 90/143/Euratom (1) to protecting the environment against the harmful effects of
be incorporated into the binding requirements of the ionising radiation. For the purpose of long-term human
Basic Safety Standards while leaving enough flexibility health protection, environmental criteria based on inter­
for implementation. nationally recognised scientific data (such as published by
EC, ICRP, United Nations Scientific Committee on the
Effects of Atomic Radiation, International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA)) should be taken into account.
(23) National action plans are needed for addressing long-
term risks from radon exposure. It is recognized that
the combination of smoking and high radon exposure
presents a substantially higher individual lung cancer risk (28) In the medical area, important technological and
than either factor individually and that smoking amplifies scientific developments have led to a notable increase
the risk from radon exposure at the population level. It is in the exposure of patients. In this respect, this
important that Member States address both of these Directive should emphasise the need for justification of
health hazards. medical exposure, including the exposure of asymp­
tomatic individuals and should strengthen the
requirements concerning information to be provided to
patients, the recording and reporting of doses from
(24) Where, due to national prevailing circumstances, a medical procedures, the use of diagnostic reference
Member State establishes a reference level for indoor levels and the availability of dose-indicating devices. It
radon concentrations in workplaces that is higher than should be noted that according to the World Health
300 Bq m–3, the Member State should submit the Organisation the concept of health is understood to
information to the Commission. cover the physical, mental and social well-being of an
individual and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.

(25) Where radon enters from the ground into indoor work­
places, this should be considered to be an existing
exposure situation since the presence of radon is (29) A high level of competence and a clear definition of
largely independent of the human activities carried out responsibilities and tasks among all professionals
within the workplace. Such exposures may be significant involved in medical exposure is fundamental to ensure
adequate protection of patients undergoing medical
(1) Commission Recommendation 90/143/Euratom of 21 February radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures. This
1990 on the protection of members of the public against indoor applies to medical doctors, dentists and other health
exposure to radon (OJ L 80, 27.3.1990, p. 26). professionals entitled to take clinical responsibility for
L 13/4 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

individual medical exposures, to medical physicists and assessment should continue to be carried out in the
to other professionals carrying out practical aspects of Member State in which those practices are conducted,
medical radiological procedures, such as radiographers Member States should inform each other, so as to
and technicians in radiodiagnostic medicine, nuclear allow them to request relevant information from the
medicine and radiotherapy. undertakings in question and to make their own
assessment.

(30) Accidental and unintended medical exposures are a

source of continuing concern. Whereas for medical (35) The deliberate addition of radioactive substances to
devices post-market surveillance is required under certain categories of consumer products should remain
Council Directive 93/42/EEC (1), it is the role of the prohibited, but it needs to be made clear that this also
competent authority in radiation protection to address applies to the activation of such products by irradiation,
the prevention of accidental and unintended medical without prejudice to existing legislation such as Directive
exposure and the follow-up in case of their occurrence. 1999/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the
In this respect, the role of quality assurance programmes, Council (2).
including a study of risks in radiotherapy, to avoid such
incidents should be emphasised, and recording, reporting,
analysis and corrective action should be required in such
cases. (36) Member States should benefit from the application of a
graded approach to regulatory control, which should be
commensurate with the magnitude and likelihood of
(31) In veterinary practice the use of ionising radiation for exposures resulting from the practices, and commen­
imaging is growing, often with second-hand equipment surate with the impact that regulatory control may
from the medical sector. Especially in the case of larger have in reducing such exposures or improving the
animals, or in the administration of radiopharmaceuticals safety of installations.
to animals, there is a substantial risk of high occupational
exposures and of exposure of accompanying persons.
This calls for the provision of adequate information
(37) There is a benefit in having the same activity concen­
and the education of veterinarians and their staff.
tration values both for the exemption of practices from
regulatory control and for the clearance of materials from
authorised practices. After a comprehensive review, it has
(32) The so-called "medico-legal" exposures introduced in been concluded that the values recommended in IAEA
Directive 97/43/Euratom have now been clearly publication Application of the Concepts of Exclusion,
identified as the deliberate exposure of individuals for Exemption and Clearance (3) can be used both as
other than medical purposes, or "non-medical imaging default exemption values, replacing the activity concen­
exposures". Such practices need to be placed under tration values laid down in Annex I to Directive
appropriate regulatory control and should be justified 96/29/Euratom, and as general clearance levels,
in a similar way as for medical exposures. However, a replacing the values recommended by the Commission
different approach is needed on the one hand for in Radiation Protection No 122 (4).
procedures using medical radiological equipment and
on the other hand for procedures not using such
equipment. In general, the annual dose limits and
corresponding constraints for public exposure should (38) Member States should be able to grant specific
apply. exemption from authorisation for certain practices
involving activities above the exemption values.

(33) Member States should be required to submit certain

practices involving a hazard from ionising radiation to (39) Specific clearance levels, as well as corresponding
a system of regulatory control or to prohibit certain Community guidance (5), remain important tools for
practices. the management of large volumes of materials arising
from the dismantling of authorised facilities.

(34) The application of radiation protection principles in (2) Directive 1999/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
relation to consumer products requires the regulatory of 22 February 1999 on the approximation of the laws of the
control of practices to start at the stage of design and Member States concerning foods and food ingredients treated with
manufacture of products or at the time of import of such ionising radiation (OJ L 66, 13.3.1999, p. 16).
(3) IAEA 2004 Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.7, Application of the
products. Therefore, the manufacture or import of Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance.
consumer products should be regulated and specific (4) Radiation Protection 122: Practical use of the Concepts of the
procedures should be introduced, so as to allow the Clearance and Exemption
timely justification of the intended use of the consumer (5) Radiation Protection 89: Recommended radiological protection
products, as well as to allow checking that this use can criteria for the recycling of metals from dismantling of nuclear
be exempted from regulatory control. While such installations, Radiation Protection 113: Recommended Radiological
Protection Criteria for the Clearance of Buildings and Building
Rubble from the Dismantling of Nuclear Installations, Radiation
(1) Council Directive 93/42/EEC of 14 June 1993 concerning medical Protection 122: Practical Use of the Concepts of the Clearance
devices (OJ L 169, 12.7.1993, p. 1). and Exemption.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/5

(40) Member States should ensure that outside workers experts without precluding that national frameworks
receive the same protection as exposed workers allow the grouping of responsibilities or allow the
employed by an undertaking performing practices with assignment of responsibilities for specific technical and
radiation sources. The specific arrangements for outside practical tasks in radiation protection to specified experts.
workers in Directive 90/641/Euratom should be extended
to also cover work in supervised areas.
(47) Commission Recommendation 2004/2/Euratom (2)
introduced standardised information for the reporting
(41) With regard to the management of emergency exposure of data on discharges from nuclear power plants and
situations, the current approach based on intervention reprocessing facilities, for transmission of the data to
levels should be replaced by a more comprehensive the Commission under Article 36 of the Euratom Treaty.
system comprising an assessment of potential
emergency exposure situations, an overall emergency
management system, emergency response plans, and
(48) Member States should have in place precise requirements
pre-planned strategies for the management of each
for the issuing of discharge authorisations and the moni­
postulated event.
toring of discharges. The reporting of data to the
competent authority on discharges from nuclear power
plants and reprocessing facilities should be based on
(42) The introduction of reference levels in emergency and standardised information.
existing exposure situations allows for the protection of
the individual as well as consideration of other societal
criteria in the same way as dose limits and dose
(49) Under Article 35 of the Euratom Treaty Member States
constraints for planned exposure situations.
shall ensure that an appropriate programme to monitor
the level of radioactivity in the environment is in place.
Under Article 36 of the Euratom Treaty Member States
(43) The efficient management of an emergency with cross- shall report the results of such monitoring to the
border consequences calls for enhanced cooperation Commission. Reporting requirements under Article 36
between Member States in emergency planning and of the Euratom Treaty have been explained in
response. Commission Recommendation 2000/473/Euratom (3).

(44) While urgent information exchange between Member (50) Council Regulation (EU) No 333/2011 (4) establishes
States and the Commission in the event of an criteria determining when certain types of scrap metal
emergency is established through Council Decision cease to be waste under Directive 2008/98/EC of the
87/600/Euratom (1), there is a need to put in place European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November
arrangements for information exchange beyond the 2008 on waste (5). Measures need to be taken to prevent
scope of this Decision to allow cooperation with all the accidental melting of orphan sources as well as to
other Member States and with third countries which ensure compliance of metals released from nuclear instal­
may be involved or are likely to be affected. lations, for instance during their dismantling, with
clearance criteria.

(45) The IAEA together with the World Health Organisation,

the Food and Agricultural Organisation, the International (51) Changes need to be made to Directive 2003/122/
Labour Organisation, the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Euratom to broaden some of the requirements to
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Devel­ include any radioactive source. Unresolved problems
opment, and the Pan-American Health Organisation with orphan sources remain, and there have been
have revised the International Basic Safety Standards in significant cases of contaminated metal being imported
the light of the ICRP's new Publication 103, and the from third countries. A requirement should therefore be
Commission has informed the IAEA of its decision of introduced for the notification of incidents with orphan
6 August 2012 to co-sponsor that document on behalf sources or the contamination of metal. It is also
of the European Atomic Energy Community. important to harmonise the levels above which a
source is regarded as a high-activity sealed source with
those established by the IAEA.

(46) The roles and responsibilities of the national services and (2) Commission Recommendation 2004/2/Euratom of 18 December
experts involved in ensuring that the technical and 2003 on standardised information on radioactive airborne and
practical aspects of radiation protection are managed liquid discharges into the environment from nuclear power
with a high level of competence need to be clarified. reactors and reprocessing plants in normal operation (OJ L 2,
This Directive should clearly distinguish between the 6.1.2004, p. 36).
different roles and responsibilities of the services and (3) OJ L 191, 27.7.2000, p. 37.
(4) Council Regulation (EU) No 333/2011 of 31 March 2011 estab­
lishing the criteria determining when certain types of scrap metal
(1) Council Decision 87/600/Euratom of 14 December 1987 on cease to be waste under Directive 2008/98/EC of the European
Community arrangements for the early exchange of information in Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 94, 8.4.2011, p. 2).
the event of a radiological emergency (OJ L 371, 30.12.1987, p. 76). (5) OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3.
L 13/6 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

(52) Pursuant to Article 106a(3) of the Euratom Treaty, the (c) human activities which involve the presence of natural
legislation adopted on the basis of the provisions of the radiation sources that lead to a significant increase in the
Treaty on European Union and of the Treaty on the exposure of workers or members of the public, in particular:
Functioning of the European Union should not
derogate from the provisions of this Directive, and
consequently the justification and optimisation principles (i) the operation of aircraft and spacecraft, in relation to
should apply notably for medical devices and the exposure of crews;
construction products covered by CE marking.
(ii) the processing of materials with naturally-occurring
radionuclides;
(53) In accordance with the Joint Political declaration of
Member States and the Commission on explanatory
documents of 28 September 2011, Member States have (d) the exposure of workers or members of the public to
undertaken to accompany, in justified cases, the notifi­ indoor radon, the external exposure from building
cation of their transposition measures with one or more materials and cases of lasting exposure resulting from the
documents explaining the relationship between the after-effects of an emergency or a past human activity.
components of a directive and the corresponding parts
of national transposition instruments. With regard to this
Directive, the transmission of such documents is justified. (e) the preparedness for, the planning of response to and the
management of emergency exposure situations that are
deemed to warrant measures to protect the health of
(54) Directive 96/29/Euratom and the complementary members of the public or workers.
Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 97/43/
Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom should be repealed,
Article 3
Exclusion from the scope
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: This Directive shall not apply to:

CHAPTER I (a) exposure to the natural level of radiation, such as radio­

nuclides contained in the human body and cosmic
SUBJECT MATTER AND SCOPE radiation prevailing at ground level;
Article 1
Subject matter (b) exposure of members of the public or workers other than
air or spacecrew to cosmic radiation in flight or in space;
This Directive establishes uniform basic safety standards for the
protection of the health of individuals subject to occupational,
medical and public exposures against the dangers arising from (c) aboveground exposure to radionuclides present in the
ionising radiation. undisturbed earth's crust.

Article 2 CHAPTER II

Scope DEFINITIONS

1. This Directive applies to any planned, existing or Article 4

emergency exposure situation which involves a risk from Definitions
exposure to ionising radiation which cannot be disregarded
from a radiation protection point of view or with regard to For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions shall
the environment in view of long-term human health protection. apply:

(1) "Absorbed dose" (D) is the energy absorbed per unit mass
2. This Directive applies in particular to:
dε
D¼
dm
(a) the manufacture, production, processing, handling, disposal,
use, storage, holding, transport, import to, and export from
the Community of radioactive material; where

dε is the mean energy imparted by ionising radiation to

(b) the manufacture and the operation of electrical equipment the matter in a volume element,
emitting ionising radiation and containing components
operating at a potential difference of more than 5 kilovolt
(kV); dm is the mass of the matter in this volume element.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/7

In this Directive, absorbed dose denotes the dose averaged below which materials arising from any practice subject to
over a tissue or an organ. The unit for absorbed dose is notification or authorisation may be released from the
the gray (Gy) where one gray is equal to one joule per requirements of this Directive;
kilogram: 1 Gy ¼ 1 J kgÄ1 ;

(12) "clinical audit" means a systematic examination or review

(2) "accelerator" means equipment or installation in which of medical radiological procedures which seeks to improve
particles are accelerated, emitting ionising radiation with the quality and outcome of patient care through structured
energy higher than 1 mega-electron volt (MeV); review, whereby medical radiological practices, procedures
and results are examined against agreed standards for good
medical radiological procedures, with modification of prac­
(3) "accidental exposure" means an exposure of individuals, tices, where appropriate, and the application of new
other than emergency workers, as a result of an accident; standards if necessary;

(4) "activation" means a process through which a stable (13) "clinical responsibility" means responsibility of a practi­
nuclide is transformed into a radionuclide by irradiating tioner for individual medical exposures, in particular,
with particles or high-energy photons the material in justification; optimisation; clinical evaluation of the
which it is contained; outcome; cooperation with other specialists and staff, as
appropriate, regarding practical aspects of medical radio­
logical procedures; obtaining information, if appropriate,
(5) "activity" (A) is the activity of an amount of a radionuclide on previous examinations; providing existing medical
in a particular energy state at a given time. It is the radiological information and/or records to other practi­
quotient of dN by dt, where dN is the expectation value tioners and/or the referrer, as required; and giving
of the number of nuclear transitions from that energy state information on the risk of ionising radiation to patients
in the time interval dt: and other individuals involved, as appropriate;

dN
A¼ (14) "committed effective dose" (E(τ)) is the sum of the
dt
committed organ or tissue equivalent doses HT(τ)
The unit of activity is the becquerel (Bq); resulting from an intake, each multiplied by the appro­
priate tissue weighting factor wT. It is defined by:

X
(6) "apprentice" means a person receiving training or EðτÞ ¼ wT HT ðτÞ
instruction within an undertaking with a view to exercising T
a specific skill;
In specifying E(τ), is given in the number of years over
which the integration is made. For the purpose of
complying with dose limits specified in this Directive, is
(7) "authorisation" means the registration or licensing of a
a period of 50 years following intake for adults and up to
practice;
the age of 70 for infants and children. The unit for
committed effective dose is the sievert (Sv);
(8) "becquerel" (Bq) is the special name of the unit of activity.
One becquerel is equivalent to one nuclear transition per
second: 1 Bq = 1 s-1; (15) "committed equivalent dose" (HT(τ)) is the integral over
time (t) of the equivalent dose rate in tissue or organ T
that will be received by an individual as a result of an
intake.
(9) "building material" means any construction product for
incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or
parts thereof and the performance of which has an effect
on the performance of the building with regard to It is given by:
exposure of its occupants to ionising radiation; Z t0 þτ
HT ðτÞ ¼ H_ T ðtÞ dt
t0
(10) "carers and comforters" means individuals knowingly and
willingly incurring an exposure to ionising radiation by for an intake at time t0 where
helping, other than as part of their occupation, in the
support and comfort of individuals undergoing or having
undergone medical exposure; H_ T ðtÞ is the relevant equivalent dose rate in organ or
tissue T at time t,

(11) "clearance levels" means values established by the

competent authority or in national legislation, and τ is the time over which the integration is
expressed in terms of activity concentrations, at or performed.
L 13/8 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

In specifying HT(τ), is given in number of years over which body or in biological samples, or to assess doses, whose
the integration is made. For the purpose of complying capacity to act in this respect is recognised by the
with dose limits specified in this Directive, τ is a period competent authority;
of 50 years for adults and up to the age of 70 for infants
and children. The unit for committed equivalent dose is
the sievert (Sv); (25) "effective dose" (E) is the sum of the weighted equivalent
doses in all the tissues and organs of the body from
internal and external exposure. It is defined by the
(16) "competent authority" means an authority or system of expression:
authorities designated by Member States as having legal X X X
authority for the purposes of this Directive; E¼ w T HT ¼ wT wR DT;R
T T R

where
(17) "consumer product" means a device or manufactured item
into which one or more radionuclides have deliberately
been incorporated or produced by activation, or which DT,R is the absorbed dose averaged over tissue or organ T,
generates ionising radiation, and which can be sold or due to radiation R,
made available to members of the public without special
surveillance or regulatory control after sale;
wR is the radiation weighting factor and

(18) "contamination" means the unintended or undesirable

presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within wT is the tissue weighting factor for tissue or organ T.
solids, liquids or gases or on the human body;

The values for wT and wR are specified in Annex II. The

(19) "controlled area" means an area subject to special rules for unit for effective dose is the sievert (Sv);
the purpose of protection against ionising radiation or
preventing the spread of radioactive contamination and
to which access is controlled; (26) "emergency" means a non-routine situation or event
involving a radiation source that necessitates prompt
action to mitigate serious adverse consequences for
human health and safety, quality of life, property or the
(20) "diagnostic reference levels" means dose levels in medical environment, or a hazard that could give rise to such
radiodiagnostic or interventional radiology practices, or, in serious adverse consequences;
the case of radio-pharmaceuticals, levels of activity, for
typical examinations for groups of standard-sized
patients or standard phantoms for broadly defined types
of equipment; (27) "emergency exposure situation" means a situation of
exposure due to an emergency;

(21) "disused source" means a sealed source which is no longer (28) "emergency management system" means a legal or admin­
used or intended to be used for the practice for which istrative framework establishing responsibilities for
authorisation was granted but continues to require safe emergency preparedness and response, and arrangements
management; for decision making in the event of an emergency
exposure situation;

(22) "dose constraint" means a constraint set as a prospective

upper bound of individual doses, used to define the range (29) "emergency occupational exposure" means exposure
of options considered in the process of optimisation for a received in an emergency exposure situation by an
given radiation source in a planned exposure situation; emergency worker;

(30) "emergency response plan" means arrangements to plan

(23) "dose limit" means the value of the effective dose (where for adequate response in the event of an emergency
applicable, committed effective dose) or the equivalent exposure situation on the basis of postulated events and
dose in a specified period which shall not be exceeded related scenarios;
for an individual;

(31) "emergency worker" means any person having a defined

(24) "dosimetry service" means a body or an individual role in an emergency and who might be exposed to
competent to calibrate, read or interpret individual moni­ radiation while taking action in response to the
toring devices, or to measure radioactivity in the human emergency;
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/9

(32) "environmental monitoring" means the measurement of (40) "health screening" means a procedure using medical radio­
external dose rates due to radioactive substances in the logical installations for early diagnosis in population
environment or of concentrations of radionuclides in envi­ groups at risk;
ronmental media;

(41) "high-activity sealed source" means a sealed source for

(33) "equivalent dose" (HT) is the absorbed dose, in tissue or which the activity of the contained radionuclide is equal
organ T weighted for the type and quality of radiation R. It to or exceeds the relevant activity value laid down in
is given by: Annex III;

HT;R ¼ wR DT;R ,
(42) "individual detriment" means clinically observable
where deleterious effects in individuals or their descendants, the
appearance of which is either immediate or delayed and, in
the latter case, implies a probability rather than a certainty
DT,R is the absorbed dose averaged over tissue or organ T, of appearance;
due to radiation R,

wR is the radiation weighting factor. (43) "inspection" means an investigation by or on behalf of any
competent authority to verify compliance with national
legal requirements;
When the radiation field is composed of types and
energies with different values of wR, the total equivalent
dose, HT, is given by: (44) "intake" means the total activity of a radionuclide entering
the body from the external environment;
X
HT ¼ wR DT;R
R
(45) "interventional radiology" means the use of X-ray imaging
The values for wR are specified in Annex II, Part A. The techniques to facilitate the introduction and guidance of
unit for equivalent dose is the sievert (Sv); devices in the body for diagnostic or treatment purposes;

(34) "exemption level" means a value established by a (46) "ionising radiation" means energy transferred in the form
competent authority or in legislation and expressed in of particles or electromagnetic waves of a wavelength of
terms of activity concentration or total activity at or 100 nanometres or less (a frequency of 3 × 1015 hertz or
below which a radiation source is not subject to notifi­ more) capable of producing ions directly or indirectly;
cation or authorisation;

(35) "existing exposure situation" means an exposure situation (47) "licence" means permission granted in a document by the
that already exists when a decision on its control has to be competent authority to carry out a practice in accordance
taken and which does not call or no longer calls for urgent with specific conditions laid down in that document;
measures to be taken;

(48) "medical exposure" means exposure incurred by patients

(36) "exposed worker" means a person, either self-employed or or asymptomatic individuals as part of their own medical
working under an employer, who is subject to exposure at or dental diagnosis or treatment, and intended to benefit
work carried out within a practice regulated by this their health, as well as exposure incurred by carers and
Directive and who is liable to receive doses exceeding comforters and by volunteers in medical or biomedical
one or other of the dose limits for public exposure; research;

(37) "exposure" means the act of exposing or condition of

(49) "medical physics expert" means an individual or, if
being exposed to ionising radiation emitted outside the
provided for in national legislation, a group of individuals,
body (external exposure) or within the body (internal
having the knowledge, training and experience to act or
exposure);
give advice on matters relating to radiation physics applied
to medical exposure, whose competence in this respect is
(38) "extremities" means the hands, forearms, feet and ankles; recognised by the competent authority;

(39) "health detriment" means reduction in length and quality (50) "medical radiological" means pertaining to radiodiagnostic
of life occurring in a population following exposure, and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional
including those arising from tissue reactions, cancer and radiology or other medical uses of ionising radiation for
severe genetic disorder; planning, guiding and verification purposes;
L 13/10 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

(51) "medical radiological installation" means a facility where exposure of people or the environment. Planned exposure
medical radiological procedures are performed; situations may include both normal exposures and
potential exposures.

(52) "medical radiological procedure" means any procedure

giving rise to medical exposure; (63) "potential exposure" means exposure that is not expected
with certainty but may result from an event or sequence of
events of a probabilistic nature, including equipment
(53) "members of the public" means individuals who may be failures and operating errors;
subject to public exposure;

(64) "practical aspects of medical radiological procedures"

(54) "natural radiation source" means a source of ionising means the physical conduct of a medical exposure and
radiation of natural, terrestrial or cosmic origin; any supporting aspects, including handling and use of
medical radiological equipment, the assessment of
technical and physical parameters (including radiation
(55) "non-medical imaging exposure" means any deliberate doses), calibration and maintenance of equipment, prep­
exposure of humans for imaging purposes where the aration and administration of radio-pharmaceuticals, and
primary intention of the exposure is not to bring a image processing;
health benefit to the individual being exposed;

(65) "practice" means a human activity that can increase the

(56) "normal exposure" means exposure expected to occur exposure of individuals to radiation from a radiation
under the normal operating conditions of a facility or source and is managed as a planned exposure situation;
activity (including maintenance, inspection, decommis­
sioning), including minor incidents that can be kept
under control, i.e. during normal operation and anticipated (66) "practitioner" means a medical doctor, dentist or other
operational occurrences; health professional who is entitled to take clinical respon­
sibility for an individual medical exposure in accordance
with national requirements;
(57) "notification" means submission of information to the
competent authority to notify the intention to carry out
a practice within the scope of this Directive;
(67) "processing" means chemical or physical operations on
radioactive material including the mining, conversion,
enrichment of fissile or fertile nuclear material and the
(58) "occupational exposure" means exposure of workers, reprocessing of spent fuel;
apprentices and students, incurred in the course of their
work;
(68) "protective measures" means measures, other than
remedial measures, for the purpose of avoiding or
(59) "occupational health service" means a health professional
reducing doses that might otherwise be received in an
or body competent to perform medical surveillance of
emergency exposure situation or an existing exposure situ­
exposed workers and whose capacity to act in that
ation;
respect is recognised by the competent authority;

(60) "orphan source" means a radioactive source which is (69) "public exposure" means exposure of individuals,
neither exempted nor under regulatory control, e.g. excluding any occupational or medical exposure;
because it has never been under regulatory control or
because it has been abandoned, lost, misplaced, stolen or
otherwise transferred without proper authorisation; (70) "quality assurance" means all those planned and systematic
actions necessary to provide adequate assurance that a
structure, system, component or procedure will perform
(61) "outside worker" means any exposed worker who is not satisfactorily in compliance with agreed standards. Quality
employed by the undertaking responsible for the control is a part of quality assurance;
supervised and controlled areas, but performs activities
in those areas, including, apprentices and students;
(71) "quality control" means the set of operations (pro­
gramming, coordinating, implementing) intended to
(62) "planned exposure situation" means an exposure situation maintain or to improve quality. It includes monitoring,
that arises from the planned operation of a radiation evaluation and maintenance at required levels of all char­
source or from a human activity which alters exposure acteristics of performance of equipment that can be
pathways, so as to cause the exposure or potential defined, measured, and controlled;
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/11

(72) "radiation generator" means a device capable of generating (84) "reference level" means in an emergency exposure
ionising radiation, such as X-rays, neutrons, electrons or situation or in an existing exposure situation, the level
other charged particles; of effective dose or equivalent dose or activity concen­
tration above which it is judged inappropriate to allow
exposures to occur as a result of that exposure situation,
(73) "radiation protection expert" means an individual or, if even though it is not a limit that may not be exceeded;
provided for in the national legislation, a group of indi­
viduals having the knowledge, training and experience
needed to give radiation protection advice in order to
(85) "referrer" means a medical doctor, dentist or other health
ensure the effective protection of individuals, and whose
professional who is entitled to refer individuals for medical
competence in this respect is recognised by the competent
radiological procedures to a practitioner, in accordance
authority;
with national requirements;

(74) "radiation protection officer" means an individual who is

technically competent in radiation protection matters (86) "registration" means permission granted in a document by
relevant for a given type of practice to supervise or the competent authority, or granted by national legislation,
perform the implementation of the radiation protection through a simplified procedure, to carry out a practice in
arrangements; accordance with conditions laid down in national legis­
lation or specified by a competent authority for this type
or class of practice;
(75) "radiation source" means an entity that may cause
exposure, such as by emitting ionising radiation or by
releasing radioactive material;
(87) "regulatory control" means any form of control or regu­
lation applied to human activities for the enforcement of
radiation protection requirements;
(76) "radioactive material" means material incorporating radio­
active substances;

(88) "remedial measures" means the removal of a radiation

(77) "radioactive source" means a radiation source incor­ source or the reduction of its magnitude (in terms of
porating radioactive material for the purpose of utilising activity or amount) or the interruption of exposure
its radioactivity; pathways or the reduction of their impact for the
purposes of avoiding or reducing doses that might
otherwise be received in an existing exposure situation;
(78) "radioactive substance" means any substance that contains
one or more radionuclides the activity or activity concen­
tration of which cannot be disregarded from a radiation (89) "representative person" means an individual receiving a
protection point of view; dose that is representative of the more highly exposed
individuals in the population, excluding those individuals
having extreme or rare habits;
(79) "radioactive waste" means radioactive material in gaseous,
liquid or solid form for which no further use is foreseen or
considered by the Member State or by a legal or natural
person whose decision is accepted by the Member State, (90) "sealed source" means a radioactive source in which the
and which is regulated as radioactive waste by a competent radioactive material is permanently sealed in a capsule or
regulatory authority under the legislative and regulatory incorporated in a solid form with the objective of
framework of the Member State; preventing, under normal conditions of use, any dispersion
of radioactive substances;

(80) "radiodiagnostic" means pertaining to in-vivo diagnostic

nuclear medicine, medical diagnostic radiology using (91) "sievert" (Sv) is the special name of the unit of equivalent
ionising radiation, and dental radiology; or effective dose. One sievert is equivalent to one joule per
kilogram: 1 Sv ¼ 1 J kgÄ1 ;

(81) "radiotherapeutic" means pertaining to radiotherapy,

including nuclear medicine for therapeutic purposes;
(92) "storage" means the holding of radioactive material,
including spent fuel, a radioactive source or radioactive
waste, in a facility with the intention of retrieval;
(82) "radon" means the radionuclide Rn-222 and its progeny,
as appropriate;

(93) "supervised area" means an area subject to supervision for

(83) "exposure to radon" means exposure to radon progeny; the purpose of protection against ionising radiation;
L 13/12 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

(94) "source container" means an assembly of components aim of keeping the magnitude of individual doses, the like­
intended to guarantee the containment of a sealed lihood of exposure and the number of individuals exposed
source, where it is not an integral part of the source but as low as reasonably achievable taking into account the
is meant for shielding the source during its transport and current state of technical knowledge and economic and
handling; societal factors. The optimisation of the protection of indi­
viduals subject to medical exposure shall apply to the
magnitude of individual doses and be consistent with the
(95) "spacecraft" means a manned vehicle designed to operate medical purpose of the exposure, as described in Article 56.
at an altitude of more than 100 km above sea level; This principle shall be applied not only in terms of effective
dose but also, where appropriate, in terms of equivalent
doses, as a precautionary measure to allow for uncertainties
as to health detriment below the threshold for tissue reac­
(96) "standard values and relationships" means values and rela­ tions.
tionships recommended in chapters 4 and 5 of ICRP
Publication 116 for the estimation of doses from
external exposure and chapter 1 of ICRP Publication 119 (c) Dose limitation: In planned exposure situations, the sum of
for the estimation of doses from internal exposure, doses to an individual shall not exceed the dose limits laid
including updates approved by Member States. Member down for occupational exposure or public exposure. Dose
State may approve the use of specific methods in limits shall not apply to medical exposures.
specified cases relating to the physico-chemical properties
of the radionuclide or other features of the exposure
situation or of the exposed individual; SECTION 1

Tools for optimisation

(97) "thoron" means the radionuclide Rn-220 and its progeny, Article 6
as appropriate; Dose constraints for occupational, public, and medical
exposure
1. Member States shall ensure that, where appropriate, dose
(98) "undertaking" means a natural or legal person who has
constraints are established for the purpose of prospective opti­
legal responsibility under national law for carrying out a
misation of protection:
practice, or for a radiation source (including cases where
the owner or holder of a radiation source does not
conduct related human activities); (a) for occupational exposure, the dose constraint shall be
established as an operational tool for optimisation by the
undertaking under the general supervision of the competent
(99) "unintended exposure" means medical exposure that is authority. In the case of outside workers the dose constraint
significantly different from the medical exposure shall be established in cooperation between the employer
intended for a given purpose. and the undertaking.

(b) for public exposure, the dose constraint shall be set for the
CHAPTER III
individual dose that members of the public receive from the
SYSTEM OF RADIATION PROTECTION planned operation of a specified radiation source. The
competent authority shall ensure that the constraints are
Article 5 consistent with the dose limit for the sum of doses to the
General principles of radiation protection same individual from all authorised practices.

Member States shall establish legal requirements and an appro­

priate regime of regulatory control which, for all exposure situ­ (c) for medical exposure, dose constraints shall apply only with
ations, reflect a system of radiation protection based on the regard to the protection of carers and comforters and
principles of justification, optimisation and dose limitation: volunteers participating in medical or biomedical research.

2. Dose constraints shall be established in terms of individual

(a) Justification: Decisions introducing a practice shall be effective or equivalent doses over a defined appropriate time
justified in the sense that such decisions shall be taken period.
with the intent to ensure that the individual or societal
benefit resulting from the practice outweighs the health
detriment that it may cause. Decisions introducing or Article 7
altering an exposure pathway for existing and emergency
exposure situations shall be justified in the sense that they Reference levels
should do more good than harm. 1. Member States shall ensure that reference levels are estab­
lished for emergency and existing exposure situations. Opti­
misation of protection shall give priority to exposures above
(b) Optimisation: Radiation protection of individuals subject to the reference level and shall continue to be implemented
public or occupational exposure shall be optimised with the below the reference level.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/13

2. The values chosen for reference levels shall depend upon (c) the limit on the equivalent dose for the extremities shall be
the type of exposure situation. The choices of reference levels 500 mSv in a year.
shall take into account both radiological protection
requirements and societal criteria. For public exposure the estab­
lishment of reference levels shall take into account the range of Article 10
reference levels set out in Annex I.
Protection of pregnant and breastfeeding workers
1. Member States shall ensure that the protection of the
3. For existing exposure situations involving exposure to unborn child is comparable with that provided for members
radon, the reference levels shall be set in terms of radon of the public. As soon as a pregnant worker informs the under­
activity concentration in air as specified in Article 74 for taking or, in the case of an outside worker, the employer, of the
members of the public and Article 54 for workers. pregnancy, in accordance with national legislation the under­
taking, and the employer, shall ensure that the employment
conditions for the pregnant worker are such that the equivalent
dose to the unborn child is as low as reasonably achievable and
SECTION 2 unlikely to exceed 1 mSv during at least the remainder of the
Dose limitation pregnancy.

Article 8
Age limit for exposed workers 2. As soon as workers inform the undertaking, or in case of
outside workers, the employer, that they are breastfeeding an
Member States shall ensure that subject to Article 11(2), persons infant, they shall not be employed in work involving a
under 18 years of age may not be assigned to any work which significant risk of intake of radionuclides or of bodily contami­
would result in their being exposed workers. nation.

Article 9 Article 11
Dose limits for occupational exposure Dose limits for apprentices and students
1. Member States shall ensure that dose limits for occupa­ 1. Member States shall ensure that the dose limits for
tional exposure apply to the sum of annual occupational apprentices aged 18 years or over and students aged 18 years
exposures of a worker from all authorised practices, occupa­ or over who, in the course of their studies, are obliged to work
tional exposure to radon in workplaces requiring notification with radiation sources, shall be the same as the dose limits for
in accordance with Article 54(3), and other occupational occupational exposure laid down in Article 9.
exposure from existing exposure situations in accordance with
Article 100(3). For emergency occupational exposure Article 53
shall apply. 2. Member States shall ensure that the limit on the effective
dose for apprentices aged between 16 and 18 years and for
students aged between 16 and 18 years who, in the course of
their studies, are obliged to work with radiation sources, shall
2. The limit on the effective dose for occupational exposure
be 6 mSv in a year.
shall be 20 mSv in any single year. However, in special circum­
stances or for certain exposure situations specified in national
legislation, a higher effective dose of up to 50 mSv may be
authorised by the competent authority in a single year, provided 3. In addition to the limits on effective dose laid down in
that the average annual dose over any five consecutive years, paragraph 2, the following limits on equivalent dose shall apply:
including the years for which the limit has been exceeded, does
not exceed 20 mSv.
(a) the limit on the equivalent dose for the lens of the eye shall
be 15 mSv in a year;
3. In addition to the limits on effective dose laid down in
paragraph 2, the following limits on equivalent dose shall apply:
(b) the limit on the equivalent dose for the skin shall be
150 mSv in a year, averaged over any area of 1 cm2,
regardless of the area exposed;
(a) the limit on the equivalent dose for the lens of the eye shall
be 20 mSv in a single year or 100 mSv in any five
consecutive years subject to a maximum dose of 50 mSv (c) the limit on the equivalent dose for the extremities shall be
in a single year, as specified in national legislation. 150 mSv in a year.

(b) the limit on the equivalent dose for the skin shall be 4. Member States shall ensure that the dose limits for
500 mSv in a year, this limit shall apply to the dose apprentices and students who are not subject to the provisions
averaged over any area of 1 cm2, regardless of the area of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall be the same as the dose limits
exposed; for members of the public as specified in Article 12.
L 13/14 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

Article 12 Article 15
Dose limits for public exposure Training of exposed workers and information provided to
them
1. Member States shall ensure that the dose limits for public
exposure shall apply to the sum of annual exposures of a 1. Member States shall require the undertaking to inform
member of the public resulting from all authorised practices. exposed workers on:

2. Member States shall set the limit on the effective dose for (a) the radiation health risks involved in their work;
public exposure at 1 mSv in a year.

(b) the general radiation protection procedures and precautions

to be taken;
3. In addition to the dose limit referred to in paragraph 2,
the following limits on the equivalent dose shall apply:
(c) the radiation protection procedures and precautions
connected with the operational and working conditions of
(a) the limit on the equivalent dose for the lens of the eye shall both the practice in general and each type of workstation or
be 15 mSv in a year; work to which they may be assigned;

(b) the limit on the equivalent dose for the skin shall be (d) the relevant parts of the emergency response plans and
50 mSv in a year, averaged over any 1 cm2 area of skin, procedures;
regardless of the area exposed.

(e) the importance of complying with the technical, medical

Article 13 and administrative requirements.
Estimation of the effective and equivalent dose
For the estimation of effective and equivalent doses, the appro­ In the case of outside workers, their employer shall ensure that
priate standard values and relationships shall be used. For the information required in points (a), (b) and (e) is provided.
external radiation, the operational quantities defined in section
2.3 of ICRP Publication 116 shall be used.
2. Member States shall require the undertaking or, in case of
outside workers, the employer, to inform exposed workers on
CHAPTER IV the importance of making an early declaration of pregnancy in
view of the risks of exposure for the unborn child.
REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION EDUCATION,
TRAINING AND INFORMATION

Article 14 3. Member States shall require the undertaking or, in case of

outside workers, the employer, to inform exposed workers on
General responsibilities for the education, training and the importance of announcing the intention to breast-feed an
provision of information infant in view of the risks of exposure for a breast-fed infant
after intake of radionuclides or bodily contamination.
1. Member States shall establish an adequate legislative and
administrative framework ensuring the provision of appropriate
radiation protection education, training and information to all
individuals whose tasks require specific competences in 4. Member States shall require that the undertaking or, in
radiation protection. The provision of training and information case of outside workers, the employer, provides appropriate
shall be repeated at appropriate intervals and documented. radiation protection training and information programmes for
exposed workers.

2. Member States shall ensure that arrangements are made

5. In addition to the information and training in the field of
for the establishment of education, training and retraining to
radiation protection as specified in paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4,
allow the recognition of radiation protection experts and
Member States shall require that the undertaking responsible for
medical physics experts, as well as occupational health
high-activity sealed sources shall ensure that such training
services and dosimetry services, in relation to the type of
includes specific requirements for the safe management and
practice.
control of high-activity sealed sources with a view to
preparing the relevant workers adequately for any events
affecting the radiation protection. The information and
3. Member States may make arrangements for the estab­ training shall place particular emphasis on the necessary safety
lishment of education, training and retraining to allow the requirements and shall contain specific information on the
recognition of radiation protection officers, if such recognition possible consequences of the loss of adequate control of high-
is provided for in national legislation. activity sealed sources.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/15

Article 16 Article 18
Information and training of workers potentially exposed to Education, information and training in the field of medical
orphan sources exposure
1. Member States shall ensure that the management of instal­ 1. Member States shall ensure that practitioners and the indi­
lations where orphan sources are most likely to be found or viduals involved in the practical aspects of medical radiological
processed, including large metal scrap yards and major metal procedures have adequate education, information and theor­
scrap recycling installations, and in significant nodal transit etical and practical training for the purpose of medical radio­
points, are informed of the possibility that they may be logical practices, as well as relevant competence in radiation
confronted with a source. protection.

For this purpose Member States shall ensure that appropriate

2. Member States shall encourage the management of instal­
curricula are established and shall recognise the corresponding
lations referred to in paragraph 1 to ensure that where workers
diplomas, certificates or formal qualifications.
in their installation may be confronted with a source, they are:

2. Individuals undergoing relevant training programmes may

(a) advised and trained in the visual detection of sources and participate in practical aspects of medical radiological
their containers; procedures as set out in Article 57(2).

3. Member States shall ensure that continuing education and

(b) informed of basic facts about ionising radiation and its training after qualification is provided and, in the special case of
effects; the clinical use of new techniques, training is provided on these
techniques and the relevant radiation protection requirements.

(c) informed of and trained in the actions to be taken on site in

the event of the detection or suspected detection of a 4. Member States shall encourage the introduction of a
source. course on radiation protection in the basic curriculum of
medical and dental schools.

Article 17 CHAPTER V
Prior information and training for emergency workers JUSTIFICATION AND REGULATORY CONTROL OF PRACTICES
1. Member States shall ensure that emergency workers who SECTION 1
are identified in an emergency response plan or management
system are given adequate and regularly updated information on Justification and prohibition of practices
the health risks their intervention might involve and on the
Article 19
precautionary measures to be taken in such an event. This
information shall take into account the range of potential Justification of practices
emergencies and the type of intervention.
1. Member States shall ensure that new classes or types of
practices resulting in exposure to ionising radiation are justified
before being adopted.
2. As soon as an emergency occurs, the information referred
to in paragraph 1 shall be supplemented appropriately, having
regard to the specific circumstances. 2. Member States shall consider a review of existing classes
or types of practices with regard to their justification whenever
there is new and important evidence about their efficacy or
potential consequences or new and important information
3. Member States shall ensure that the undertaking or the about other techniques and technologies.
organisation responsible for the protection of emergency
workers provides to emergency workers referred to in
paragraph 1 appropriate training as provided for in the
3. Practices involving occupational and public exposures
emergency management system set out in Article 97. Where
shall be justified as a class or type of practice, taking into
appropriate, this training shall include practical exercises.
account both categories of exposures.

4. Members States shall ensure that, in addition to the 4. Practices involving medical exposure shall be justified both
emergency response training referred to in paragraph 3, the as a class or type of practice, taking into account medical and,
undertaking or the organisation responsible for the protection where relevant, associated occupational and public exposures,
of emergency workers provides these workers with appropriate and at the level of each individual medical exposure as specified
radiation protection training and information. in Article 55.
L 13/16 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

Article 20 Article 22
Practices involving consumer products Practices involving the deliberate exposure of humans for
non-medical imaging purposes
1. Member States shall require any undertaking intending to
manufacture or import a consumer product for which the 1. Member States shall ensure the identification of practices
intended use is likely to be a new class or type of practice, to involving non-medical imaging exposure, in particular taking
provide the competent authority with all relevant information, into account the practices included in Annex V.
including that listed in Annex IV, Section A, so as to allow the
implementation of the justification requirement in Article 19(1).
2. Member States shall ensure that special attention is given
to the justification of practices involving non-medical imaging
exposure, in particular:
2. On the basis of an assessment of this information,
Member States shall ensure that the competent authority, as
outlined in Annex IV, Section B, decides whether the intended (a) all types of practices involving non-medical imaging
use of the consumer product is justified. exposure shall be justified before being generally accepted;

3. Without prejudice to paragraph 1, Member States shall (b) each particular application of a generally accepted type of
ensure that the competent authority which has received practice shall be justified;
information according to that paragraph, informs the point of
contact for the competent authorities of other Member States of
this receipt and, upon request, of its decision and the basis for (c) all individual non-medical imaging exposure procedures
that decision. using medical radiological equipment shall be justified in
advance, taking into account the specific objectives of the
procedure and the characteristics of the individual involved;

4 Member States shall prohibit the sale or the making

available to the public of consumer products if their intended (d) the general and particular justification of practices involving
use is not justified or their use would not fulfil the criteria for non-medical imaging exposure, as specified in (a) and (b),
exemption from notification under Article 26. may be subject to review;

(e) circumstances warranting non-medical imaging exposures,

Article 21 without individual justification of each exposure, shall be
Prohibition of practices subject to regular review.

1. Member States shall prohibit the deliberate addition of

radioactive substances in the production of foodstuffs, animal 3. Member States may exempt justified practices involving
feeding stuffs, and cosmetics, and shall prohibit the import or non-medical imaging exposure using medical radiological
export of such products. equipment from the requirement for dose constraints
according to point (b) of Article 6(1) and from the dose
limits set out in Article 12.
2. Without prejudice to the Directive 1999/2/EC, practices
involving the activation of material resulting in an increase in 4. Where a Member State has determined that a particular
activity in a consumer product, which at the time of placing on practice involving non-medical imaging exposure is justified, it
the market cannot be disregarded from a radiation protection shall ensure that:
point of view, shall be deemed not to be justified. However, the
competent authority may evaluate specific types of practices
within this class with regard to their justification. (a) the practice is subject to authorisation;

3. Member States shall prohibit the deliberate addition of (b) requirements for the practice, including criteria for indi­
radioactive substances in the manufacture of toys and vidual implementation, are established by the competent
personal ornaments and shall prohibit the import or export authority, in cooperation with other relevant bodies and
of such products. medical scientific societies, as appropriate;

(c) for procedures using medical radiological equipment

4. Member States shall prohibit practices involving the
activation of materials used in toys and personal ornaments,
resulting, at the time of the placing on the market of the (i) relevant requirements identified for medical exposure as
products or of their manufacture, in an increase in activity, set out in Chapter VII are applied, including those for
which cannot be disregarded from a radiation protection equipment, optimisation, responsibilities, training and
point of view, and shall prohibit the import or export of special protection during pregnancy and the appro­
such products or materials. priate involvement of the medical physics expert;
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/17

(ii) where appropriate, specific protocols, consistent with Article 25

the objective of the exposure and required image
quality, are put in place; Notification
1. Member States shall ensure that notification is required for
all justified practices, including those identified according to
(iii) where practicable, specific diagnostic reference levels are Article 23. The notification shall be made prior to the
put in place; practice commencing or, for existing practices, as soon as
possible once this requirement is applicable. For practices
subject to notification, Member States shall specify the
information to be provided in conjunction with the notification.
(d) for procedures not using medical radiological equipment, Where an application for an authorisation is submitted, no
dose constraints are significantly below the dose limit for separate notification is needed.
members of the public;

Practices may be exempted from notification, as specified in

(e) information is provided to and consent sought from the Article 26.
individual to be exposed, allowing for cases where the law
enforcement authorities may proceed without consent of
the individual according to national legislation;
2. Member States shall ensure that notification is required for
workplaces specified in Article 54(3), and for existing exposure
situations that are managed as a planned exposure situation, as
SECTION 2
specified in Article 100(3).
Regulatory control
Article 23
3. Notwithstanding the exemption criteria laid down in
Identification of practices involving naturally-occurring Article 26, in situations identified by Member States where
radioactive material there is concern that a practice identified in accordance with
Article 23 may lead to the presence of naturally-occurring
Member States shall ensure the identification of classes or types
radionuclides in water liable to affect the quality of drinking
of practice involving naturally–occurring radioactive material
water supplies or affect any other exposure pathways, so as to
and leading to exposure of workers or members of the public
be of concern from a radiation protection point of view, the
which cannot be disregarded from a radiation protection point
competent authority may require that the practice be subject to
of view. Such identification shall be carried out by appropriate
notification.
means taking into account industrial sectors listed in Annex VI.

4. Human activities involving radioactively contaminated

Article 24
materials resulting from authorised releases or materials
Graded approach to regulatory control cleared in accordance with Article 30 shall not be managed
as a planned exposure situation and, hence, are not required
1. Member States shall require practices to be subject to to be notified.
regulatory control for the purpose of radiation protection, by
way of notification, authorisation and appropriate inspections,
commensurate with the magnitude and likelihood of exposures
resulting from the practice, and commensurate with the impact Article 26
that regulatory control may have in reducing such exposures or Exemption from notification
improving radiological safety.
1. Member States may decide that justified practices
involving the following do not need to be notified:
2. Without prejudice to Articles 27 and 28, where appro­
priate, and in accordance with the general exemption criteria set
out in Annex VII, regulatory control may be limited to notifi­ (a) radioactive materials where the quantities of the activity
cation and an appropriate frequency of inspections. For this involved do not exceed in total the exemption values set
purpose, Member States may establish general exemptions or out in Table B, column 3, of Annex VII, or higher values
allow the competent authority to decide to exempt notified that, for specific applications, are approved by the
practices from the requirement of authorisation on the basis competent authority and satisfy the general exemption
of the general criteria specified in Annex VII; in the case of and clearance criteria set out in Annex VII; or
moderate amounts of material, as specified by Member States,
the activity concentration values laid down in Annex VII, Table
B, column 2 may be used for this purpose. (b) without prejudice to Article 25(4), radioactive materials
where the activity concentrations do not exceed the
exemption values set out in Table A of Annex VII, or
3. Notified practices which are not exempted from authori­ higher values that, for specific applications, are approved
sation shall be subject to regulatory control through registration by the competent authority and satisfy the general
or licensing. exemption and clearance criteria set out in Annex VII; or
L 13/18 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

(c) apparatus containing a sealed source, provided that: human beings is concerned, animals for the purpose of
medical or veterinary diagnosis, treatment or research;
(i) the apparatus is of a type approved by the competent
authority;
(b) the operation and decommissioning of any nuclear facility
and the exploitation and closure of uranium mines;
(ii) the apparatus does not cause, in normal operating
conditions, a dose rate exceeding 1 μSv · hÄ1 at a
distance of 0.1 m from any accessible surface; and (c) the deliberate addition of radioactive substances in the
production or manufacture of consumer products or other
products, including medicinal products, and the import of
(iii) conditions for recycling or disposal have been specified
such products;
by the competent authority; or

(d) any electrical apparatus provided that: (d) any practice involving a high-activity sealed source;

(i) it is a cathode ray tube intended for the display of visual

(e) the operation, decommissioning and closure of any facility
images, or other electrical apparatus operating at a
for the long term storage or disposal of radioactive waste,
potential difference not exceeding 30 kilo volt (kV), or
including facilities managing radioactive waste for this
it is of a type approved by the competent authority; and
purpose;

(ii) it does not cause, in normal operating conditions, a

dose rate exceeding 1 μSv · hÄ1 at a distance of 0.1 (f) practices discharging significant amounts of radioactive
m from any accessible surface. material with airborne or liquid effluent into the
environment.
2. Member States may exempt specific types of practices
from the notification requirement subject to compliance with
the general exemption criteria established in point 3 of Annex Article 29
VII, on the basis of an assessment showing that exemption is Authorisation procedure
the best option.
1. For authorisation purposes, Member States shall require
the provision of information relevant to radiation protection
Article 27 that is commensurate with the nature of the practice and the
Registration or licensing radiological risks involved.

1. Member States shall require either registration or licensing

of the following practices: 2. In the case of licensing and when determining what
information must be provided under paragraph 1, Member
(a) the operation of radiation generators or accelerators or States shall take into account the indicative list in Annex IX.
radioactive sources for medical exposures or for non-
medical imaging purposes;
3. A licence shall include, as appropriate, specific conditions
and reference to requirements in national legislation so as to
(b) the operation of radiation generators or accelerators, except ensure that the elements of the licence are legally enforceable,
electron microscopes, or radioactive sources for purposes and impose appropriate restrictions on the operational limits
not covered by point (a). and conditions of operation. National legislation or the
specific conditions shall also require, when appropriate, the
formal and documented implementation of the principle of
2. Member States may require registration or licensing for
optimisation.
other types of practices.

3. The regulatory decision to submit types of practices to 4. Where applicable, national legislation or a licence shall
either registration or licensing may be based on regulatory include conditions on the discharge of radioactive effluent, in
experience, taking into account the magnitude of expected or accordance with the requirements laid down in Chapter VIII for
potential doses, as well as the complexity of the practice. the authorisation of the release of radioactive effluent into the
environment.
Article 28
Licensing Article 30
Member States shall require licensing for the following practices: Release from regulatory control
1. Member States shall ensure that the disposal, recycling or
(a) the deliberate administration of radioactive substances to reuse of radioactive materials arising from any authorised
persons and, in so far as the radiation protection of practice is subject to authorisation.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/19

2. Materials for disposal, recycling or reuse may be released (c) workers who are exposed to radon at work, in the situation
from regulatory control provided that the activity concen­ specified in Article 54(3).
trations:
This shall also apply to the protection of self-employed indi­
(a) for solid material do not exceed the clearance levels set out viduals and individuals who work on a voluntary basis.
in Table A of Annex VII; or
4. Member States shall ensure that employers have access to
information on the possible exposure of their employees under
(b) comply with specific clearance levels and associated the responsibility of another employer or undertaking.
requirements for specific materials or for materials orig­
inating from specific types of practices; these specific
clearance levels shall be established in national legislation Article 32
or by the national competent authority, following the Operational protection of exposed workers
general exemption and clearance criteria set out in Annex
VII, and taking into account technical guidance provided by Member States shall ensure that the operational protection of
the Community. exposed workers is based, in accordance with the relevant
provisions of this Directive, on:

3. Member States shall ensure that for the clearance of

materials containing naturally-occurring radionuclides, where (a) prior evaluation to identify the nature and magnitude of the
these result from authorised practices in which natural radio­ radiological risk to exposed workers;
nuclides are processed for their radioactive, fissile or fertile
properties, the clearance levels comply with the dose criteria (b) optimisation of radiation protection in all working
for clearance of materials containing artificial radionuclides. conditions, including occupational exposures as a
consequence of practices involving medical exposures;

4. Member States shall not permit the deliberate dilution of

radioactive materials for the purpose of them being released (c) classification of exposed workers into different categories;
from regulatory control. The mixing of materials that takes
place in normal operations where radioactivity is not a
(d) control measures and monitoring relating to the different
consideration is not subject to this prohibition. The
areas and working conditions, including, where necessary,
Competent Authority may authorise, in specific circumstances,
individual monitoring;
the mixing of radioactive and non-radioactive materials for the
purposes of re-use or recycling.
(e) medical surveillance;

CHAPTER VI
(f) education and training.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES

Article 31 Article 33
Responsibilities Operational protection of apprentices and students
1. Member States shall ensure that the undertaking is 1. Member States shall ensure that the exposure conditions
responsible for assessing and implementing arrangements for and operational protection of apprentices and students aged 18
the radiation protection of exposed workers. years or over referred to in Article 11(1) is equivalent to that of
exposed workers of category A or B as appropriate.

2. In the case of outside workers, the responsibilities of the

undertaking and the employer of outside workers are stipulated 2. Member States shall ensure that the exposure conditions
in Article 51. and operational protection of apprentices and students aged
between 16 and 18 years referred to in Article 11(2) is
equivalent to that of exposed workers of category B.
3. Without prejudice to paragraphs 1 and 2, Member States
shall arrange for a clear allocation of responsibilities for the Article 34
protection of workers in any exposure situation, to an under­
taking, an employer or any other organisation, in particular for Consultations with a radiation protection expert
the protection of:
Member States shall require undertakings to seek advice from a
radiation protection expert within their areas of competence as
outlined in Article 82, on the issues below that are relevant to
(a) emergency workers; the practice:

(b) workers involved in the remediation of contaminated land, (a) the examination and testing of protective devices and
buildings and other constructions; measuring instruments;
L 13/20 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

(b) prior critical review of plans for installations from the point (d) to apply Article 10(1) to pregnant air crew.
of view of radiation protection;

Article 36
(c) the acceptance into service of new or modified radiation
sources from the point of view of radiation protection; Classification of workplaces
1. Member States shall ensure that arrangements in work­
places include a classification into different areas, where appro­
(d) regular checking of the effectiveness of protective devices
priate, on the basis of an assessment of the expected annual
and techniques;
doses and the probability and magnitude of potential exposures.

(e) regular calibration of measuring instruments and regular

checking that they are serviceable and correctly used. 2. A distinction shall be made between controlled areas and
supervised areas. Member States shall ensure that the competent
authority establishes guidance on the classification of controlled
Article 35 and supervised areas with regard to particular circumstances.
Arrangements in workplaces
1. Member States shall ensure that for the purposes of 3. Member States shall ensure that the undertaking keeps
radiation protection, arrangements are made as regards all under review the working conditions in controlled and
workplaces where workers are liable to receive an exposure supervised areas.
greater than an effective dose of 1 mSv per year or an
equivalent dose of 15 mSv per year for the lens of the eye or
50 mSv per year for the skin and extremities.
Article 37
Controlled areas
Such arrangements shall be appropriate to the nature of the
installations and sources and to the magnitude and nature of 1. Member States shall ensure that the minimum
the risks. requirements for a controlled area are the following:

2. For workplaces specified in Article 54(3), and where the (a) The controlled area shall be delineated and access to it shall
exposure of workers is liable to exceed an effective dose of 6 be restricted to individuals who have received appropriate
mSv per year or a corresponding time-integrated radon instructions and shall be controlled in accordance with
exposure value determined by the Member State, these shall written procedures provided by the undertaking. Wherever
be managed as a planned exposure situation and the Member there is a significant risk of the spread of radioactive
States shall determine which requirements set out in this contamination, specific arrangements shall be made,
Chapter are appropriate. For workplaces specified in including for the access and exit of individuals and goods
Article 54(3), and where the effective dose to workers is less and for monitoring contamination within the controlled
than or equal to 6 mSv per year or the exposure less than the area and, where appropriate, in the adjacent area.
corresponding time-integrated radon exposure value, the
competent authority shall require that exposures are kept
under review.
(b) Taking into account the nature and extent of radiological
risks in the controlled area, radiological surveillance of the
workplace shall be organised in accordance with the
3. For an undertaking operating aircraft where the effective
provisions of Article 39.
dose to the crew from cosmic radiation is liable to exceed 6
mSv per year, the relevant requirements set out in this Chapter
shall apply, allowing for the specific features of this exposure
situation. Member States shall ensure that where the effective (c) Signs indicating the type of area, the nature of the sources
dose to the crew is liable to be above 1 mSv per year, the and their inherent risks shall be displayed.
competent authority requires the undertaking to take appro­
priate measures, in particular:
(d) Working instructions appropriate to the radiological risk
associated with the sources and the operations involved
(a) to assess the exposure of the crew concerned; shall be laid down.

(b) to take into account the assessed exposure when organising

working schedules with a view to reducing the doses of (e) The worker shall receive specific training in connection with
highly exposed crew; the characteristics of the workplace and the activities.

(c) to inform the workers concerned of the health risks their (f) The worker shall be provided with the appropriate personal
work involves and their individual dose. protective equipment.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/21

2. Member States shall ensure that the undertaking is (b) category B: those exposed workers who are not classified as
responsible for implementation of these duties taking into category A workers.
account the advice provided by the radiation protection expert.

2. Member States shall require the undertaking or, in the case

Article 38 of outside workers, the employer, to decide on the categori­
Supervised areas sation of individual workers prior to their taking up work
that may give rise to exposure, and to regularly review this
1. Member States shall ensure that the requirements for a categorisation on the basis of working conditions and medical
supervised area are the following: surveillance. The distinction shall also take into account
potential exposures.
(a) taking into account the nature and extent of radiological
risks in the supervised area, radiological surveillance of the
workplace shall be organised in accordance with the Article 41
provisions of Article 39; Individual monitoring
1. Member States shall ensure that category A workers are
(b) if appropriate, signs indicating the type of area, the nature systematically monitored based on individual measurements
of the sources and their inherent risks shall be displayed; performed by a dosimetry service. In cases where category A
workers are liable to receive significant internal exposure or
significant exposure of the lens of the eye or extremities, an
(c) if appropriate, working instructions appropriate to the adequate system for monitoring shall be set up.
radiological risk associated with the sources and the oper­
ations involved shall be laid down.
2. Member States shall ensure that monitoring for category B
2. Member States shall ensure that the undertaking is workers is at least sufficient to demonstrate that such workers
responsible for implementation of these duties taking into are correctly classified in category B. Member States may require
account the advice provided by the radiation protection expert. individual monitoring and if necessary individual measurements,
performed by a dosimetry service, for category B workers.

Article 39
3. In cases where individual measurements are not possible
Radiological surveillance of the workplace
or inadequate, the individual monitoring shall be based on an
1. Member States shall ensure that the radiological estimate arrived at from individual measurements made on
surveillance of the workplace referred to in point (b) of other exposed workers, from the results of the surveillance of
Articles 37(1) and point (a) of Article 38(1) comprises, where the workplace provided for in Article 39 or on the basis of
appropriate: calculation methods approved by the competent authority.

(a) the measurement of external dose rates, indicating the Article 42

nature and quality of the radiation in question;
Dose assessment in the case of accidental exposure

(b) the measurement of the activity concentration in air and the Member States shall ensure that in the case of accidental
surface density of contaminating radionuclides, indicating exposure, the undertaking is required to assess the relevant
their nature and their physical and chemical states. doses and their distribution in the body.

2. The results of these measurements shall be recorded and Article 43

shall be used, if necessary, for estimating individual doses, as
provided for in Article 41. Recording and reporting of results
1. Member States shall ensure that a record containing the
results of individual monitoring is made for each category A
Article 40
worker and for each category B worker where such monitoring
Categorisation of exposed workers is required by the Member State.
1. Member States shall ensure that for the purposes of moni­
toring and surveillance, a distinction is made between two
categories of exposed workers: 2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the following
information on exposed workers shall be retained:

(a) category A: those exposed workers who are liable to receive

an effective dose greater than 6 mSv per year or an (a) a record of the exposures measured or estimated, as the case
equivalent dose greater than 15 mSv per year for the lens may be, of individual doses pursuant to Articles 41, 42, 51,
of the eye or greater than 150 mSv per year for skin and 52, 53 and, if decided by the Member State pursuant to
extremities; Article 35(2), 54(3);
L 13/22 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

(b) in the case of exposures as referred to in Articles 42, 52 and 3. Member States shall determine the arrangements under
53, the reports relating to the circumstances and the action which the results of individual monitoring are conveyed.
taken;

4. The data system for individual radiological monitoring

(c) the results of workplace monitoring used to assess indi­ shall cover at least the data listed in Annex X, Section A.
vidual doses where necessary.

5. In the case of an accidental exposure, Member States shall

3. The information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be require the undertaking to communicate the results of indi­
retained during the period of their working life involving vidual monitoring and dose assessments to the individual and
exposure to ionising radiation and afterwards until they have the competent authority without delay.
or would have attained the age of 75 years, but in any case not
less than 30 years after termination of the work involving
exposure. 6. Member States shall ensure that arrangements are in place
for the appropriate exchange, among the undertaking, in the
case of an outside worker, the employer, the competent auth­
4. Exposures as referred to in Articles 42, 52 53 and, if ority, occupational health services, radiation protection experts,
decided by the Member State pursuant to Article 35(2), 54(3) or dosimetry services of all relevant information on the doses
shall be recorded separately in the dose record referred to in previously received by a worker in order to perform the medical
paragraph 1. examination prior to employment or classification as a category
A worker pursuant to Article 45 and to control the further
exposure of workers.
5. The dose record referred to in paragraph 1 shall be
submitted to the data system for individual radiological moni­
toring established by the Member State in accordance with the Article 45
provisions of Annex X. Medical surveillance of exposed workers
1. Member States shall ensure that the medical surveillance
Article 44 of exposed workers is based on the principles that govern
occupational medicine generally.
Access to the results of individual monitoring
1. The Member States shall require that the results of the
individual monitoring set out in Articles 41, 42, 52, 53 and, 2. The medical surveillance of category A workers shall be
if decided by the Member State pursuant to Article 35(2), 54(3) undertaken by the occupational health service. This medical
be: surveillance shall allow for the state of health of workers
under surveillance to be ascertained as regards their fitness for
the tasks assigned to them. To this end, the occupational health
service shall have access to any relevant information they
(a) made available to the competent authority, to the under­ require, including the environmental conditions in the
taking, and to the employer of outside workers; working premises.

(b) made available to the worker concerned in accordance with 3. Medical surveillance shall include:
paragraph 2;

(a) a medical examination prior to employment or classification

(c) submitted to the occupational health service in order for it as a category A worker to determine the worker's fitness for
to interpret the implications of the results for human health, a post as a category A worker for which the worker is being
as provided for in Article 45(2); considered;

(d) submitted to the data system for individual radiological (b) periodic reviews of health at least once a year, in order to
monitoring established by the Member State in accordance determine whether the category A workers remain fit to
with provisions set out in Annex X. perform their duties. The nature of these reviews, which
can be performed as many times as the occupational
health service considers necessary, shall depend on the
2. Member States shall require the undertaking, or in case of type of work and on the individual worker's state of health.
outside workers, the employer, to grant workers, at their
request, access to the results of their individual monitoring,
including the results of measurements which may have been 4. The occupational health service may indicate the need for
used in estimating these results, or to the results of the medical surveillance to continue after cessation of work for as
assessment of their doses made as a result of surveillance of long as they consider it necessary to safeguard the health of the
the workplace. person concerned.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/23

Article 46 Article 51
Medical classification Protection of outside workers
Member States shall ensure that the following medical classifi­ 1. Member States shall ensure that the system for individual
cation is established with respect to fitness for work as a radiological monitoring affords outside workers equivalent
category A worker: protection to that for exposed workers employed on a
permanent basis by the undertaking.
(a) fit;

(b) fit, subject to certain conditions; 2. Member States shall ensure that the undertaking is respon­
sible, either directly or through contractual agreements with the
employer of outside workers, for the operational aspects of the
(c) unfit. radiation protection of outside workers that are directly related
to the nature of their activities in the undertaking.
Article 47
Prohibition to employ or classify unfit workers
3. In particular, Member States shall ensure that, as a
Member States shall ensure that no worker may be employed or minimum requirement, the undertaking shall:
classified for any period in a specific post as a category A
worker if medical surveillance establishes that the worker is
unfit for that specific post. (a) for category A workers entering controlled areas, check that
the outside worker concerned has been passed as medically
Article 48 fit for the activities to be assigned to the worker;
Medical records
1. Member States shall ensure that a medical record is (b) check whether the categorisation of the outside worker is
opened for each category A worker and kept up to date so appropriate in relation to the doses liable to be received
long as the worker remains a worker in that category. There­ within the undertaking;
after, it shall be retained until the individual has or would have
attained the age of 75 years, but in any case not less than
30 years after termination of the work involving exposure to
(c) for entry into controlled areas, ensure that, in addition to
ionising radiation.
the basic training in radiation protection the outside worker
has received specific instructions and training in connection
2. The medical record shall include information regarding with the characteristics of the workplace and the conducted
the nature of the employment, the results of the medical exam­ activities, in accordance with points (c) and (d) of
inations prior to employment or classification as a category A Article 15(1);
worker, the periodic reviews of health and the record of doses
required by Article 43.
(d) for entry into supervised areas, ensure that the outside
Article 49 worker has received working instructions appropriate to
the radiological risk associated with the sources and the
Special medical surveillance
operations involved, as required in point (c) of Article 38(1);
1. Member States shall ensure that in addition to the medical
surveillance of exposed workers provided for in Article 45,
provision is made for any further action considered necessary (e) ensure that the outside worker has been issued with the
by the occupational health service for the health protection of necessary personal protective equipment;
exposed individuals, such as further examinations, decontami­
nation measures, urgent remedial treatment or other actions
identified by the occupational health service.
(f) ensure that the outside worker receives individual exposure
monitoring appropriate to the nature of the activities, and
2. Special medical surveillance shall be performed in each any operational dosimetric monitoring that may be
case where any of the dose limits laid down in Article 9 has necessary;
been exceeded.

3. Subsequent exposure conditions shall be subject to the (g) ensure compliance with the system of protection as defined
agreement of the occupational health service. in Chapter III;

Article 50
Appeals (h) for entry into controlled areas, ensure or take all
appropriate steps to ensure that after every activity the
Member States shall lay down the procedure for appeal against radiological data from individual exposure monitoring of
the findings and decisions made pursuant to Articles 46, 47 each category A outside worker within the meaning of
and 49. Annex X, Section B, point 2, are recorded.
L 13/24 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

4. Member States shall ensure that employers of outside (d) information about the risks involved and the precautions to
workers ensure, either directly or through contractual be taken during the operation are provided to the relevant
agreements with the undertaking, that the radiation protection workers in advance;
of their workers is in accordance with the relevant provisions of
this Directive, in particular by:
(e) the workers have consented;

(a) ensuring compliance with the system of protection as

defined in Chapter III; (f) all doses relating to such exposures are separately recorded
in the medical record referred to in Article 48 and the
individual record referred to in Article 43.
(b) ensuring that the information and training in the field of
radiation protection referred to in points (a), (b) and (e) of 2. The exceeding of dose limits as a result of specially auth­
Article 15(1), Article 15(2), (3) and (4) is provided. orised exposures shall not necessarily constitute a reason for
excluding workers from their usual occupation or relocating
them, without their agreement.
(c) guaranteeing that their workers are subject to appropriate
assessment of exposure and, for category A workers,
medical surveillance, under the conditions laid down in 3. Member States shall ensure that the exposure of spacecraft
Articles 39 and 41 to 49; crew above the dose limits is managed as a specially authorised
exposure.

(d) ensuring that the radiological data from the individual

exposure monitoring of each of their category A workers Article 53
within the meaning of Annex X, Section B, point 1, are kept Emergency occupational exposure
up to date in the data system for individual radiological
monitoring referred to in point (d) of Article 44(1). 1. Member States shall ensure that emergency occupational
exposures shall remain, whenever possible, below the values of
the dose limits laid down in Article 9.
5. Member States shall ensure that all outside workers make
their own contributions, as far as practicable, towards the
2. For situations where the above condition is not feasible,
protection to be afforded to them by the radiological moni­
the following conditions shall apply:
toring system referred to in paragraph 1, without prejudice to
the responsibilities of the undertaking or employer.
a) reference levels for emergency occupational exposure shall
be set, in general below an effective dose of 100 mSv;
Article 52
Specially authorised exposures
b) in exceptional situations, in order to save life, prevent severe
1. Member States may decide that in exceptional circum­ radiation-induced health effects, or prevent the development
stances evaluated case by case, excluding emergencies, the of catastrophic conditions, a reference level for an effective
competent authority may, where a specific operation so dose from external radiation of emergency workers may be
requires, authorise individual occupational exposures of set above 100 mSv, but not exceeding 500 mSv.
identified workers exceeding the dose limits set out in Article 9,
provided that such exposures are limited in time, confined to
certain working areas and within the maximum exposure levels 3. Member States shall ensure that emergency workers who
defined for the particular case by the competent authority. The are liable to undertake actions whereby an effective dose of
following conditions shall be taken into account: 100 mSv may be exceeded are clearly and comprehensively
informed in advance of the associated health risks and the
available protection measures and undertake these actions
(a) only category A workers as defined in Article 40 or voluntarily.
spacecraft crew may be subject to such exposures;
4. In the event of an emergency occupational exposure,
Member States shall require radiological monitoring of
(b) apprentices, students, pregnant workers, and, if there is a emergency workers. Individual monitoring or assessment of
risk of intake or bodily contamination, breastfeeding the individual doses shall be carried out as appropriate to the
workers, are excluded from such exposures; circumstances.

(c) the undertaking justifies such exposures in advance and 5. In the event of an emergency occupational exposure,
thoroughly discuss them with the workers, their represen­ Member States shall require special medical surveillance of
tatives, the occupational health service and the radiation emergency workers, as defined in Article 49, to be carried
protection expert; out as appropriate to the circumstances.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/25

Article 54 type can be justified, where appropriate, in special circum­

stances, to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and docu­
Radon in workplaces mented.
1. Member States shall establish national reference levels for
indoor radon concentrations in workplaces. The reference level
for the annual average activity concentration in air shall not be (d) the referrer and the practitioner, as specified by Member
higher than 300 Bq m–3, unless it is warranted by national States, seek, where practicable, to obtain previous diagnostic
prevailing circumstances. information or medical records relevant to the planned
exposure and consider these data to avoid unnecessary
exposure.
2. Member States shall require that radon measurements are
carried out:
(e) medical exposure for medical or biomedical research are
examined by an ethics committee, set up in accordance
with national procedures and/or by the competent auth­
(a) in workplaces within the areas identified in accordance with
ority;
Article 103(3), that are located on the ground floor or
basement level, taking into account parameters contained
in the national action plan as under point 2 of Annex
(f) specific justification for medical radiological procedures to
XVIII, as well as
be performed as part of a health screening programme are
carried out by the competent authority in conjunction with
appropriate medical scientific societies or relevant bodies.
(b) in specific types of workplaces identified in the national
action plan taking into account point 3 of Annex XVIII.
(g) the exposure of carers and comforters show a sufficient net
benefit, taking into account the direct health benefits to a
3. In areas within workplaces, where the radon concentration patient, the possible benefits to the carer / comforter and
(as an annual average), continues to exceed the national the detriment that the exposure might cause.
reference level, despite the action taken in accordance with
the principle of optimisation as set out in Chapter III,
Member States shall require this situation to be notified in (h) any medical radiological procedure on an asymptomatic
accordance with Article 25(2) and Article 35(2) shall apply. individual, to be performed for the early detection of
disease, is part of a health screening programme, or
requires specific documented justification for that individual
CHAPTER VII by the practitioner, in consultation with the referrer,
following guidelines from relevant medical scientific
MEDICAL EXPOSURES societies and the competent authority. Special attention
Article 55 shall be given to the provision of information to the indi­
vidual subject to medical exposure, as required by point (d)
Justification of Article 57(1).
1. Medical exposure shall show a sufficient net benefit,
weighing the total potential diagnostic or therapeutic benefits
it produces, including the direct benefits to health of an indi­ Article 56
vidual and the benefits to society, against the individual Optimisation
detriment that the exposure might cause, taking into account
the efficacy, benefits and risks of available alternative techniques 1. Member States shall ensure that all doses due to medical
having the same objective but involving no or less exposure to exposure for radiodiagnostic, interventional radiology, planning,
ionising radiation. guiding and verification purposes are kept as low as reasonably
achievable consistent with obtaining the required medical
information, taking into account economic and societal factors.
2. Member States shall ensure that the principle defined in
paragraph 1 is applied and in particular that:
For all medical exposure of patients for radiotherapeutic
purposes, exposures of target volumes shall be individually
planned and their delivery appropriately verified taking into
(a) new types of practices involving medical exposure are account that doses to non-target volumes and tissues shall be
justified in advance before being generally adopted; as low as reasonably achievable and consistent with the
intended radiotherapeutic purpose of the exposure.

(b) all individual medical exposures are justified in advance

taking into account the specific objectives of the exposure 2. Member States shall ensure the establishment, regular
and the characteristics of the individual involved. review and use of diagnostic reference levels for radiodiagnostic
examinations, having regard to the recommended European
diagnostic reference levels where available, and where appro­
(c) if a type of practice involving medical exposure is not priate, for interventional radiology procedures, and the avail­
justified in general, a specific individual exposure of this ability of guidance for this purpose.
L 13/26 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

3. Member States shall ensure that for each medical or (c) the referrer and the practitioner are involved, as specified by
biomedical research project involving medical exposure: Member States, in the justification process of individual
medical exposures;
(a) the individuals concerned participate voluntarily;
(d) wherever practicable and prior to the exposure taking place,
(b) these individuals are informed about the risks of exposure; the practitioner or the referrer, as specified by Member
States, ensures that the patient or their representative is
provided with adequate information relating to the
(c) a dose constraint is established for individuals for whom no benefits and risks associated with the radiation dose from
direct medical benefit is expected from exposure; the medical exposure. Similar information as well as
relevant guidance shall be given to carers and comforters,
in accordance with point (b) of Article 56(5).
(d) in the case of patients who voluntarily accept to undergo an
experimental medical practice and who are expected to
receive a diagnostic or therapeutic benefit from this
practice, the dose levels concerned shall be considered on 2. Practical aspects of medical radiological procedures may
an individual basis by the practitioner and/or referrer prior be delegated by the undertaking or the practitioner, as appro­
to the exposure taking place. priate, to one or more individuals entitled to act in this respect
in a recognised field of specialisation.

4. Member States shall ensure that the optimisation includes

the selection of equipment, the consistent production of Article 58
adequate diagnostic information or therapeutic outcomes, the
practical aspects of medical radiological procedures, quality Procedures
assurance, and the assessment and evaluation of patient doses
or the verification of administered activities, taking into account Member States shall ensure that:
economic and societal factors.

(a) written protocols for every type of standard medical radio­

5. Member States shall ensure that: logical procedure are established for each equipment for
relevant categories of patients;
(a) dose constraints are established for the exposure of carers
and comforters, where appropriate;
(b) information relating to patient exposure forms part of the
report of the medical radiological procedure;
(b) appropriate guidance is established for the exposure of
carers and comforters.
(c) referral guidelines for medical imaging, taking into account
6. Member States shall ensure that in the case of a patient the radiation doses, are available to the referrers;
undergoing treatment or diagnosis with radionuclides, the prac­
titioner or the undertaking, as specified by Member States,
provides the patient or their representative with information (d) in medical radiological practices, a medical physics expert is
on the risks of ionising radiation and appropriate instructions appropriately involved, the level of involvement being
with a view to restricting doses to persons in contact with the commensurate with the radiological risk posed by the
patient as far as reasonably achievable. For therapeutic practice. In particular:
procedures these shall be written instructions.

These instructions shall be handed out before leaving the (i) in radiotherapeutic practices other than standardised
hospital or clinic or a similar institution. therapeutic nuclear medicine practices, a medical
physics expert shall be closely involved;

Article 57
Responsibilities (ii) in standardised therapeutical nuclear medicine practices
as well as in radiodiagnostic and interventional
1. Member States shall ensure that: radiology practices, involving high doses as referred to
in point (c) of Article 61(1), a medical physics expert
shall be involved;
(a) any medical exposure takes place under the clinical respon­
sibility of a practitioner;
(iii) for other medical radiological practices not covered by
(b) the practitioner, the medical physics expert and those points (a) and (b), a medical physics expert shall be
entitled to carry out practical aspects of medical radiological involved, as appropriate, for consultation and advice
procedures are involved, as specified by Member States, in on matters relating to radiation protection concerning
the optimisation process; medical exposure.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/27

(e) clinical audits are carried out in accordance with national verify key treatment parameters. Equipment installed prior
procedures; to 6 February 2018 may be exempted from this
requirement.

(f) appropriate local reviews are undertaken whenever diag­

nostic reference levels are consistently exceeded and that (c) any equipment used for interventional radiology has a
appropriate corrective action is taken without undue delay. device or a feature informing the practitioner and those
carrying out practical aspects of the medical procedures of
quantity of radiation produced by the equipment during the
procedure. Equipment installed prior to 6 February 2018
Article 59
may be exempted from this requirement.
Training and recognition
Member States shall ensure that training and recognition (d) any equipment used for interventional radiology and
requirements, as laid down in Articles 79, 14 and 18, are computed tomography and any new equipment used for
met for the practitioner, the medical physics expert and the planning, guiding and verification purposes has a device
individuals referred to in Article 57(2). or a feature informing the practitioner, at the end of the
procedure, of relevant parameters for assessing the patient
dose.
Article 60
Equipment (e) equipment used for interventional radiology and computed
1. Member States shall ensure that: tomography has the capacity to transfer the information
required under 3(d) to the record of the examination.
Equipment installed prior to 6 February 2018 may be
(a) all medical radiological equipment in use is kept under strict exempted from this requirement.
surveillance regarding radiation protection;
(f) without prejudice to points (c), (d) and (e) of paragraph 3,
new medical radiodiagnostic equipment producing ionising
(b) an up-to-date inventory of medical radiological equipment radiation has a device, or an equivalent means, informing
for each medical radiological installation is available to the the practitioner of relevant parameters for assessing the
competent authority; patient dose. Where appropriate, the equipment shall have
the capacity to transfer this information to the record of the
examination.
(c) appropriate quality assurance programmes and assessment
of dose or verification of administered activity are imple­
mented by the undertaking; and Article 61
Special practices
(d) acceptance testing is carried out before the first use of the 1. Member States shall ensure that appropriate medical
equipment for clinical purposes, and performance testing is radiological equipment, practical techniques and ancillary
carried out thereafter on a regular basis, and after any main­ equipment is used in medical exposure:
tenance procedure liable to affect the performance.

(a) of children;
2. Member States shall ensure that the competent authority
takes steps to ensure that the necessary measures are taken by
the undertaking to improve inadequate or defective performance (b) as part of a health screening programme;
of medical radiological equipment in use. They shall also adopt
specific criteria for the acceptability of equipment in order to
indicate when appropriate corrective action is necessary, (c) involving high doses to the patient, which may be the case
including taking the equipment out of service. in interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, computed
tomography or radiotherapy.

3. Member States shall ensure that:

Special attention shall be given to quality assurance
programmes and the assessment of dose or verification of
administered activity for these practices.
(a) the use of fluoroscopy equipment without a device to auto­
matically control the dose rate, or without an image inten­
sifier or equivalent device, is prohibited. 2. Member States shall ensure that practitioners and those
individuals referred to in Article 57(2) who perform the
exposures referred to in paragraph 1 obtain appropriate
(b) equipment used for external beam radiotherapy with a training on these medical radiological practices as required by
nominal beam energy exceeding 1 MeV has a device to Article 18.
L 13/28 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

Article 62 (ii) the results of the investigation and the corrective

measures to avoid such events are reported to the
Special protection during pregnancy and breastfeeding competent authority within the time period specified
1. Member States shall ensure that the referrer or the prac­ by the Member State;
titioner, as appropriate, inquire, as specified by Member States,
whether the individual subject to medical exposure is pregnant
or breastfeeding, unless it can be ruled out for obvious reasons (f) mechanisms are in place for the timely dissemination of
or is not relevant for the radiological procedure. information, relevant to radiation protection in medical
exposure, regarding lessons learned from significant events.

2. If pregnancy cannot be ruled out and depending on the

medical radiological procedure, in particular if abdominal and Article 64
pelvic regions are involved, special attention shall be given to Estimates of population doses
the justification, particularly the urgency, and to the optimis­
ation, taking into account both the expectant individual and the Member States shall ensure that the distribution of individual
unborn child. dose estimates from medical exposure for radiodiagnostic and
interventional radiology purposes is determined, taking into
consideration where appropriate the distribution by age and
gender of the exposed.
3. In the case of a breastfeeding individual, in nuclear
medicine, depending on the medical radiological procedure,
special attention shall be given to the justification, particularly
CHAPTER VIII
the urgency, and to the optimisation, taking into account both
the individual and the child. PUBLIC EXPOSURES

SECTION 1

4. Without prejudice to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, Member Protection of members of the public and long-term health
States shall take measures to increase the awareness of indi­ protection in normal circumstances
viduals to whom this Article applies, through measures such
as public notices in appropriate places. Article 65
Operational protection of members of the public
1. Member States shall ensure that the operational protection
Article 63
of members of the public in normal circumstances from
Accidental and unintended exposures practices subject to licensing shall include, for relevant facilities,
the following:
Member States shall ensure that:

(a) examination and approval of the proposed siting of the

(a) all reasonable measures are taken to minimise the prob­ facility from a radiation protection point of view, taking
ability and magnitude of accidental or unintended into account relevant demographic, meteorological,
exposures of individuals subject to medical exposure; geological, hydrological and ecological conditions;

(b) for radiotherapeutic practices the quality assurance (b) acceptance into service of the facility subject to adequate
programme includes a study of the risk of accidental or protection being provided against any exposure or radio­
unintended exposures; active contamination liable to extend beyond the
perimeter of the facility or radioactive contamination
liable to extend to the ground beneath the facility;
(c) for all medical exposures the undertaking implements an
appropriate system for the record keeping and analysis of
(c) examination and approval of plans for the discharge of
events involving or potentially involving accidental or
radioactive effluents;
unintended medical exposures, commensurate with the
radiological risk posed by the practice;
(d) measures to control the access of members of the public to
the facility.
(d) arrangements are made to inform the referrer and the prac­
titioner, and the patient, or their representative, about
clinically significant unintended or accidental exposures 2. The competent authority shall where appropriate establish
and the results of the analysis; authorised limits as part of the discharge authorisation and
conditions for discharging radioactive effluents which shall:

(e) (i) the undertaking declares as soon as possible to the

competent authority the occurrence of significant (a) take into account the results of the optimisation of radiation
events as defined by the competent authority; protection;
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/29

(b) reflect good practice in the operation of similar facilities. iii) assessment of the doses that the representative person,
as identified in point (a), is liable to receive;

In addition, these discharge authorisations shall take into (d) require records to be kept and be made available on request
account, where appropriate, the results of a generic screening to all stakeholders relating to measurements of external
assessment based on internationally recognised scientific exposure and contamination, estimates of intakes of radio­
guidance, where such an assessment has been required by the nuclides, and the results of the assessment of the doses
Member State, to demonstrate that environmental criteria for received by the representative person.
long-term human health protection are met.
Article 67
3. For practices subject to registration, Member States shall Monitoring of radioactive discharges
ensure the protection of members of the public in normal
1. Member States shall require the undertaking responsible
circumstances through appropriate national regulations and
for practices where a discharge authorisation is granted to
guidance.
monitor appropriately or where appropriate evaluate the radio­
active airborne or liquid discharges into the environment in
normal operation and to report the results to the competent
Article 66 authority.
Estimation of doses to the members of the public
2. Member States shall require any undertaking responsible
1. Member States shall ensure that arrangements are made for a nuclear power reactor or reprocessing plant to monitor
for the estimation of doses to members of the public from radioactive discharges and report them in accordance with stan­
authorised practices. The extent of such arrangements shall be dardised information.
proportionate to the exposure risk involved.

Article 68
2. Member States shall ensure the identification of practices Tasks for the undertaking
for which an assessment of doses to members of the public
shall be carried out. Member States shall specify those practices Member States shall require the undertaking to carry out the
for which this assessment needs to be carried out in a realistic following tasks:
way and those for which a screening assessment is sufficient.
(a) achieve and maintain an optimal level of protection of
members of the public;
3. For the realistic assessment of doses to the members of
the public, the competent authority shall: (b) accept into service adequate equipment and procedures for
measuring and assessing exposure of members of the public
and radioactive contamination of the environment;
(a) decide on a reasonable extent of surveys to be conducted
and information to be taken into account in order to
(c) check the effectiveness and maintenance of equipment as
identify the representative person, taking into account the
referred to in point (b) and ensure the regular calibration
effective pathways for transmission of the radioactive
of measuring instruments;
substances;

(d) seek advice from a radiation protection expert in the

(b) decide on a reasonable frequency of monitoring of the performance of the tasks referred to in points (a), (b)
relevant parameters as determined in point (a); and (c).

SECTION 2
(c) ensure that the estimates of doses to the representative Emergency exposure situations
person include:
Article 69
Emergency response
i) assessment of the doses due to external radiation, indi­
cating, where appropriate, the type of the radiation in 1. Member States shall require the undertaking to notify the
question; competent authority immediately of any emergency in relation
to the practices for which it is responsible and to take all
appropriate action to reduce the consequences.
ii) assessment of the intake of radionuclides, indicating the
nature of the radionuclides and, where necessary, their 2. Member States shall ensure that, in the event of an
physical and chemical states, and determination of the emergency on their territory, the undertaking concerned
activity concentrations of these radionuclides in food makes an initial provisional assessment of the circumstances
and drinking water or other relevant environmental and consequences of the emergency and assists with protective
media; measures.
L 13/30 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

3. Member States shall ensure that provision is made for informed without delay about the facts of the emergency, the
protective measures with regard to: steps to be taken and, as appropriate, the health protection
measures applicable to these members of the public.
(a) the radiation source, to reduce or stop the radiation,
including the release of radionuclides; 2. The information provided shall cover those points listed in
Section B of Annex XII which are relevant to the type of
emergency.
(b) the environment, to reduce the exposure to individuals
resulting from radioactive substances through relevant
pathways;
SECTION 3

Existing exposure situation

(c) individuals, to reduce their exposure.
Article 72
4. In the event of an emergency on or outside its territory, Environmental monitoring programme
the Member State shall require:
Member States shall ensure that an appropriate environmental
monitoring programme is in place.
(a) the organisation of appropriate protective measures, taking
account of the real characteristics of the emergency and in
accordance with the optimised protection strategy as part of Article 73
the emergency response plan, whereby the elements to be Contaminated areas
included in an emergency response plan are indicated in
Section B of Annex XI; 1. Member States shall ensure that optimised protection
strategies for managing contaminated areas shall include,
where applicable, the following:
(b) the assessment and recording of the consequences of the
emergency and of the effectiveness of the protective
measures. (a) objectives, including long-term goals pursued by the strategy
and corresponding reference levels, in accordance with
Article 7;
5. The Member State shall, if the situation so requires, ensure
that provision is made to organise the medical treatment of
those affected. (b) delineation of the affected areas and identification of the
affected members of the public;
Article 70
Information to the members of the public likely to be (c) consideration of the need for and extent of protective
affected in the event of an emergency measures to be applied to the affected areas and members
of the public;
1. Member States shall ensure that the members of the
public likely to be affected in the event of an emergency are
given information about the health protection measures (d) consideration of the need to prevent or control access to the
applicable to them and about the action they should take in affected areas, or to impose restrictions on living conditions
the event of such an emergency. in these areas;

2. The information supplied shall include at least the

(e) assessment of the exposure of different groups in the popu­
elements set out in Section A of Annex XII.
lation and assessment of the means available to individuals
for controlling their own exposure.
3. The information shall be communicated to the members
of the public referred to in paragraph 1 without any request
being made. 2. For areas with long-lasting residual contamination in
which the Member State has decided to allow habitation and
the resumption of social and economic activities, Member States
4. Member States shall ensure that the information is shall ensure, in consultation with stakeholders, that
updated and distributed at regular intervals and whenever arrangements are in place, as necessary, for the ongoing
significant changes take place. This information shall be perma­ control of exposure with the aim of establishing living
nently available to the public. conditions that can be considered as normal, including:

Article 71 (a) establishment of appropriate reference levels;

Information to the members of the public actually affected
in the event of an emergency
(b) establishment of an infrastructure to support continuing
1. Member States shall ensure that, when an emergency self-help protective measures in the affected areas, such as
occurs, the members of the public actually affected are information provision, advice and monitoring;
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/31

(c) if appropriate, remediation measures; CHAPTER IX

GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEMBER STATES AND

COMPETENT AUTHORITIES AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS
(d) if appropriate, delineated areas. FOR REGULATORY CONTROL

SECTION 1

Article 74 Institutional infrastructure

Indoor exposure to radon Article 76
1. Member States shall establish national reference levels for Competent authority
indoor radon concentrations. The reference levels for the annual
1. Member States shall designate a competent authority to
average activity concentration in air shall not be higher than
carry out tasks in accordance with this Directive. They shall
300 Bq m–3.
ensure that the competent authority:

2. Under the national action plan referred to in Article 103, (a) is functionally separate from any other body or organisation
Member States shall promote action to identify dwellings, with concerned with the promotion or utilisation of practices
radon concentrations (as an annual average) exceeding the under this Directive, in order to ensure effective inde­
reference level and encourage, where appropriate by technical pendence from undue influence on its regulatory function;
or other means, radon concentration-reducing measures in these
dwellings.
(b) is given the legal powers and human and financial resources
necessary to fulfil its obligations.

3. Member States shall ensure that local and national

information is made available on indoor radon exposure and 2. Where a Member State has more than one competent
the associated health risks, on the importance of performing authority for a given area of competence, it shall designate
radon measurements and on the technical means available for one point of contact for communication with the competent
reducing existing radon concentrations. authorities of other Member States. Where it is not reasonably
practicable to list all such points of contact for different areas of
competence, Member States may designate a single point of
Article 75 contact.

Gamma radiation from building materials

3. Member States shall forward to the Commission the name
1. The reference level applying to indoor external exposure and address of the points of contact and their respective areas
to gamma radiation emitted by building materials, in addition of competence to enable rapid communication, where appro­
to outdoor external exposure, shall be 1 mSv per year. priate, with their authorities.

4. Member States shall forward to the Commission any

2. For building materials which are identified by the Member
changes to the information referred to in paragraph 3.
State as being of concern from a radiation protection point of
view, taking into account the indicative list of materials set out
in Annex XIII with regard to their emitted gamma radiation, 5. The Commission shall communicate the information
Member States shall ensure that, before such materials are referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 to all points of contact in
placed on the market: a Member State and shall publish it periodically in the Official
Journal of the European Union, at intervals of no more than two
years.
(a) the activity concentrations of the radionuclides specified in
Annex VIII are determined, and that,
Article 77
Transparency
(b) information to the competent authority on the results
Member States shall ensure that information in relation to the
of measurements and the corresponding activity concen­
justification of classes or types of practices, the regulation of
tration index, as well as other relevant factors, as defined in
radiation sources and of radiation protection is made available
Annex VIII, are provided if requested.
to undertakings, workers, members of the public, as well as
patients and other individuals subject to medical exposure.
This obligation includes ensuring that the competent authority
3. For types of building materials identified in accordance provides information within its fields of competence.
with paragraph 2 which are liable to give doses exceeding the Information shall be made available in accordance with
reference level, Member States shall decide on appropriate national legislation and international obligations, provided that
measures, which may include specific requirements in relevant this does not jeopardise other interests such as, inter alia,
building codes or restrictions on the envisaged use of such security, recognised in national legislation or international
materials. obligations.
L 13/32 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

Article 78 with the undertaking and in the case of outside workers, the
employer, and where relevant the occupational health service.
Information on equipment
1. Member States shall ensure that any undertaking acquiring Article 82
equipment containing radioactive sources or a radiation
generator is provided with adequate information about its Radiation protection expert
potential radiological hazards and its proper use, testing and
maintenance, and with a demonstration that the design 1. Member State shall ensure that the radiation protection
permits to restrict exposures to a level which is as low as expert gives competent advice to the undertaking on matters
reasonably achievable. relating to compliance with applicable legal requirements, in
respect of occupational and public exposure.

2. Member States shall ensure that any undertaking acquiring

medical radiological equipment is provided with adequate 2. The advice of the radiation protection expert shall cover,
information on the risk assessment for patients, and on the where relevant, but not be limited to, the following:
available elements of the clinical evaluation.
(a) optimisation and establishment of appropriate dose
Article 79 constraints;

Recognition of services and experts

(b) plans for new installations and the acceptance into service
1. Member States shall ensure that arrangements are in place of new or modified radiation sources in relation to any
for the recognition of: engineering controls, design features, safety features and
warning devices relevant to radiation protection;
(a) occupational health services;
(c) categorisation of controlled and supervised areas;
(b) dosimetry services;
(d) classification of workers;
(c) radiation protection experts;
(e) workplace and individual monitoring programmes and
related personal dosimetry;
(d) medical physics experts.

(f) appropriate radiation monitoring instrumentation;

Member States shall ensure that the necessary arrangements are
in place to ensure the continuity of expertise of these services
and experts. (g) quality assurance;

If appropriate, Member States may establish the arrangements (h) environmental monitoring programme;
for the recognition of radiation protection officers.
(i) arrangements for radioactive waste management;
2. Member States shall specify the recognition requirements
and communicate them to the Commission.
(j) arrangements for prevention of accidents and incidents;

3. The Commission shall make the information received in

(k) preparedness and response in emergency exposure situ­
accordance with paragraph 2 available to the Member States.
ations;

Article 80
(l) training and retraining programmes for exposed workers;
Occupational health services
Member State shall ensure that occupational health services (m) investigation and analysis of accidents and incidents and
perform medical surveillance of exposed workers, in accordance appropriate remedial actions;
with Chapter VI, with regard to their exposure to ionising
radiation and their fitness for the tasks assigned to them
involving work with ionising radiation. (n) employment conditions for pregnant and breastfeeding
workers;

Article 81
(o) preparation of appropriate documentation such as prior
Dosimetry services risk assessments and written procedures;
Member State shall ensure that dosimetry services determine
internal or external doses to exposed workers subject to indi­ 3. The radiation protection expert shall, where appropriate,
vidual monitoring, in order to record the dose in cooperation liaise with the medical physics expert.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/33

4. The radiation protection expert may be assigned, if or to perform radiation protection tasks within an undertaking.
provided for in national legislation, the tasks of radiation Member States shall require undertakings to provide the
protection of workers and members of the public. radiation protection officers with the means necessary for
them to carry out their tasks. The radiation protection officer
shall report directly to the undertaking. Member States may
Article 83 require employers of outside workers to designate a radiation
protection officer as necessary to supervise or perform relevant
Medical physics expert radiation protection tasks as they relate to the protection of
their workers.
1. Member States shall require the medical physics expert to
act or give specialist advice, as appropriate, on matters relating
to radiation physics for implementing the requirements set out
2. Depending on the nature of the practice, the tasks of the
in Chapter VII and in point (c) of Article 22(4) of this Directive.
radiation protection officer in assisting the undertaking, may
include the following:
2. Member States shall ensure that depending on the medical
radiological practice, the medical physics expert takes responsi­ (a) ensuring that work with radiation is carried out in
bility for dosimetry, including physical measurements for accordance with the requirements of any specified
evaluation of the dose delivered to the patient and other indi­ procedures or local rules;
viduals subject to medical exposure, give advice on medical
radiological equipment, and contribute in particular to the
following: (b) supervise implementation of the programme for workplace
monitoring;

(a) optimisation of the radiation protection of patients and

other individuals subject to medical exposure, including (c) maintaining adequate records of all radiation sources;
the application and use of diagnostic reference levels;

(d) carrying out periodic assessments of the condition of the

(b) the definition and performance of quality assurance of the relevant safety and warning systems;
medical radiological equipment;
(e) supervise implementation of the personal monitoring
programme;
(c) acceptance testing of medical radiological equipment;

(f) supervise implementation of the health surveillance

(d) the preparation of technical specifications for medical radio­ programme;
logical equipment and installation design;

(g) providing new workers with an appropriate introduction to

(e) the surveillance of the medical radiological installations; local rules and procedures;

(h) giving advice and comments on work plans;

(f) the analysis of events involving, or potentially involving,
accidental or unintended medical exposures;
(i) establishing work plans;

(g) the selection of equipment required to perform radiation

protection measurements; (j) providing reports to the local management;

(h) the training of practitioners and other staff in relevant (k) participating in the arrangements for prevention,
aspects of radiation protection; preparedness and response for emergency exposure situ­
ations;

3. The medical physics expert shall, where appropriate, liaise

(l) information and training of exposed workers;
with the radiation protection expert.

(m) liaising with the radiation protection expert.

Article 84
Radiation protection officer
3. The task of the radiation protection officer may be carried
1. Member States shall decide in which practices the desig­ out by a radiation protection unit established within an under­
nation of a radiation protection officer is necessary to supervise taking or by a radiation protection expert.
L 13/34 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

SECTION 2 question, has been made for the safe management of

sources when they become disused sources, including the
Control of radioactive sources case where the undertaking becomes insolvent or ceases its
Article 85 activities.

General requirements for unsealed sources

Article 88
1. Member States shall ensure that arrangements are made
for keeping control of unsealed sources with regard to their Specific requirements for licensing of high-activity sealed
location, use and, when no longer required, their recycling or sources
disposal.
In addition to the general licensing requirements set out in
Chapter V, Member States shall ensure that the licence for a
2. Member States shall require the undertaking, as appro­ practice involving a high-activity sealed source includes, but
priate and to the extent possible, to keep records of unsealed does not have to be limited to:
sources under its responsibility, including location, transfer and
disposal or discharge. (a) responsibilities;

3. Member States shall require each undertaking holding an (b) minimum staff competencies, including information and
unsealed radioactive source to notify the competent authority training;
promptly of any loss, theft, significant spill, or unauthorised use
or release.
(c) minimum performance criteria for the source, source
container and additional equipment;
Article 86
General requirements for sealed sources (d) requirements for emergency procedures and communication
links;
1. Member States shall ensure that arrangements are made
for keeping control of sealed sources with regard to their
location, use and, when no longer required, their recycling or (e) work procedures to be followed;
disposal.

(f) maintenance of equipment, sources and containers;

2. Member States shall require the undertaking to keep
records of all sealed sources under its responsibility, including
location, transfer and disposal. (g) adequate management of disused sources, including
agreements regarding the transfer, if appropriate, of
disused sources to a manufacturer, a supplier, another auth­
3. Member States shall establish a system to enable them to orised undertaking or a waste disposal or storage facility.
be adequately informed of any transfer of high activity sealed
sources and where necessary individual transfers of sealed
sources. Article 89
Record keeping by the undertaking
4. Member States shall require each undertaking holding a Member States shall require that the records for high-activity
sealed source to notify the competent authority promptly of any sealed sources include the information set out in Annex XIV
loss, significant leakage, theft or unauthorised use of a sealed and that the undertaking provides the competent authority with
source. an electronic or written copy of all or part of these records
upon request and at least under the following conditions:

Article 87
(a) without undue delay, at the time of the establishment of
Requirements for control of high-activity sealed sources such records, which shall be as soon as is reasonably prac­
Member States shall ensure that, before issuing authorisation for ticable after the source is acquired;
practices involving a high-activity sealed source:
(b) at intervals to be determined by Member States;
(a) adequate arrangements have been made for the safe
management and control of sources, including when they (c) if the situation indicated on the information sheet has
become disused sources. Such arrangements may provide changed;
for the transfer of disused sources to the supplier or their
placement in a disposal or storage facility or an obligation
for the manufacturer or the supplier to receive them; (d) without undue delay upon the closure of the records for a
specific source when the undertaking no longer holds this
source, whereby the name of the undertaking or waste
(b) adequate provision, by way of a financial security or any disposal or storage facility to which the source is transferred
other equivalent means appropriate for the source in shall be included;
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/35

(e) without undue delay upon the closure of such records when not normally involved in operations subject to radiation
the undertaking no longer holds any sources. protection requirements. The primary aim of advice and
assistance shall be the protection of workers and members of
the public from radiation and the safety of the source.
The undertaking's records shall be available for inspection by
the competent authority.
Article 93
Metal contamination
Article 90
1. Member States shall encourage the establishment of
Record keeping by the competent authority
systems to detect the presence of radioactive contamination in
Member States shall ensure that the competent authority keeps metal products imported from third countries, in places such as
records of any undertaking authorised to perform practices with at major metal importing installations or at significant nodal
high-activity sealed sources and of the high-activity sealed transit points.
sources held. These records shall include the radionuclide
involved, the activity at the time of manufacture or, if this 2. Member States shall require that the management of a
activity is not known, the activity at the time of the first metal scrap recycling installation promptly informs the
placing on the market or at the time the undertaking competent authority if it suspects or has knowledge of any
acquired the source, and the type of source. The competent melting of or other metallurgical operation on an orphan
authority shall keep the records up to date, taking transfers of source and shall require that the contaminated materials are
the sources and other factors into account. not used, placed on the market or disposed of without the
involvement of the competent authority.
Article 91
Article 94
Control of high-activity sealed sources
Recovery, management, control and disposal of orphan
1. Member States shall require that the undertaking carrying
sources
out activities involving high activity sealed sources complies
with requirements set out in Annex XV. 1. Member States shall ensure that the competent authority
is prepared, or has made provision, including assignment of
responsibilities, to control and recover orphan sources and to
2. Member States shall require that the manufacturer, the deal with emergencies due to orphan sources and have drawn
supplier, and each undertaking ensures that high-activity up appropriate response plans and measures.
sealed sources and containers comply with the requirements
for identification and marking as set out in Annex XVI.
2. Member States shall ensure that campaigns are organised,
as appropriate, to recover orphan sources left behind from past
SECTION 3 practices.
Orphan sources
The campaigns may include the financial participation of
Article 92 Member States in the costs of recovering, managing, controlling
Detection of orphan sources and disposing of the sources and may also include surveys of
historical records of authorities and of undertakings, such as
1. Member States shall ensure that arrangements are made research institutes, material testing institutes or hospitals.
for:
Article 95
(a) raising general awareness of the possible occurrence of Financial security for orphan sources
orphan sources and associated hazards; and
Member States shall ensure that a financial security system or
other equivalent means is established to cover intervention costs
(b) issuing guidance for persons who suspect or have relating to the recovery of orphan sources and which may result
knowledge of the presence of an orphan source on from implementation of Article 94.
informing the competent authority and on the actions to
be taken.
SECTION 4

Significant events
2. Member States shall encourage the establishment of
systems aimed at detecting orphan sources in places such as Article 96
large metal scrap yards and major metal scrap recycling instal­
lations where orphan sources may generally be encountered, or Notification and recording of significant events
at significant nodal transit points, wherever appropriate. Member States shall require the undertaking to:

3. Member States shall ensure that specialised technical (a) implement, as appropriate, a recording and analysis system
advice and assistance is promptly made available to persons of significant events involving or potentially involving
who suspect the presence of an orphan source and who are accidental or unintended exposures;
L 13/36 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

(b) promptly notify the competent authority of the occurrence 5. The emergency response plans shall, where appropriate,
of any significant event resulting or liable to result in the incorporate relevant elements of the emergency management
exposure of an individual beyond the operational limits or system referred to in Article 97.
conditions of operation specified in authorising
requirements with regard to occupational or public
exposure or as defined by the competent authority for
medical exposure, including the results of the investigation Article 99
and the corrective measures to avoid such events. International cooperation
1. Member States shall cooperate with other Member States
SECTION 5 and with third countries in addressing possible emergencies on
its territory which may affect other Member States or third
Emergency exposure situations countries, in order to facilitate the organisation of radiological
Article 97 protection in those Member States or third countries.

Emergency management system

1. Member States shall ensure that account is taken of the 2. Each Member State shall, in the event of an emergency
fact that emergencies may occur on their territory and that they occurring on its territory or likely to have radiological
may be affected by emergencies occurring outside their territory. consequences on its territory, promptly establish contact with
Member States shall establish an emergency management all other Member States and with third countries which may be
system and adequate administrative provisions to maintain involved or are likely to be affected with a view to sharing the
such a system. The emergency management system shall assessment of the exposure situation and coordinating
include the elements listed in Section A of Annex XI. protective measures and public information by using, as appro­
priate, bilateral or international information exchange and coor­
dination systems. These coordination activities shall not prevent
2. The emergency management system shall be designed to or delay any necessary actions to be taken on a national level.
be commensurate with the results of an assessment of potential
emergency exposure situations and to be able to respond effec­
tively to emergency exposure situations in connection with
practices or unforeseen events. 3. Each Member State shall promptly share information and
cooperate with other relevant Member States, relevant third
countries and relevant international organisations regarding
3. The emergency management system shall provide for the the loss, theft or discovery of high-activity sealed sources,
establishment of emergency response plans with the objective of other radioactive sources and radioactive material of concern
avoiding tissue reactions leading to severe deterministic effects and regarding related follow-up or investigations, without
in any individual from the affected population and reducing the prejudice to relevant confidentiality requirements and relevant
risk of stochastic effects, taking account of the general principles national legislation.
of radiation protection and the reference levels referred to in
Chapter III.
4. Each Member State shall, where appropriate, cooperate
with other Member States and with third countries in the tran­
Article 98
sition from an emergency exposure situation to an existing
Emergency preparedness exposure situation.
1. Member States shall ensure that emergency response plans
are established in advance for the various types of emergencies
identified by an assessment of potential emergency exposure SECTION 6
situations.
Existing exposure situations
Article 100
2. The emergency response plans shall include the elements
defined in Section B of Annex XI. Programmes on existing exposure situations
1. Member States shall ensure that measures are taken, upon
indication or evidence of exposures that cannot be disregarded
3. The emergency response plans shall also include provision from a radiation protection point of view, to identify and
for the transition from an emergency exposure situation to an evaluate existing exposure situations taking into account the
existing exposure situation. types of existing exposure situations listed in Annex XVII, and
to determine the corresponding occupational and public
exposures.
4. Member States shall ensure that emergency response plans
are tested, reviewed and, as appropriate, revised at regular
intervals, taking into account lessons learned from past
emergency exposure situations and taking into account the 2. Member States may decide, having regard to the general
results of the participation in emergency exercises at national principle of justification, that an existing exposure situation
and international level. warrants no consideration of protective or remedial measures.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/37

3. Existing exposure situations which are of concern from a (c) provide guidance for the management of exposures at indi­
radiation protection point of view and for which legal respon­ vidual or local level;
sibility can be assigned shall be subject to the relevant
requirements for planned exposure situations and accordingly
such exposure situations shall be required to be notified as (d) with regard to activities that involve naturally occurring
specified in Article 25(2). radioactive material and are not managed as planned
exposure situations, provide information on appropriate
means for monitoring concentrations and exposures and
Article 101 for taking protective measures.

Establishment of strategies
1. Member States shall arrange for the establishment of Article 103
strategies to ensure the appropriate management of existing Radon action plan
exposure situations commensurate with the risks and with the
effectiveness of protective measures. 1. In application of Article 100(1), Member States shall
establish a national action plan addressing long-term risks
from radon exposures in dwellings, buildings with public
access and workplaces for any source of radon ingress,
2. Each strategy shall contain whether from soil, building materials or water. The action
plan shall take into account the issues set out in Annex XVIII
and be updated on a regular basis.
(a) the objectives pursued;

2. Member States shall ensure that appropriate measures are

(b) appropriate reference levels, taking into account the in place to prevent radon ingress into new buildings. These
reference levels laid down in Annex I. measures may include specific requirements in national
building codes.

Article 102 3. Member States shall identify areas where the radon
Implementation of strategies concentration (as an annual average) in a significant number
of buildings is expected to exceed the relevant national
1. Member States shall assign responsibilities for the imple­ reference level.
mentation of strategies for the management of existing exposure
situations, and ensure appropriate coordination between
relevant parties involved in the implementation of remedial SECTION 7
and protective measures. Member States shall provide as appro­
priate for the involvement of stakeholders in decisions regarding System of enforcement
the development and implementation of strategies for managing
Article 104
exposure situations.
Inspections
1. Member States shall establish a system or systems of
2. The form, scale and duration of all protective measures inspection to enforce the provisions adopted pursuant to this
considered for implementation of a strategy shall be optimised. Directive and to initiate surveillance and corrective action where
necessary.

3. The distribution of doses that has resulted from the imple­

mentation of a strategy shall be assessed. Further efforts shall be 2. Member States shall ensure that the competent authority
considered with the aim of optimising protection and reducing establishes an inspection programme taking into account the
any exposures that are still above the reference level. potential magnitude and nature of the hazard associated with
practices, a general assessment of radiation protection issues in
the practices, and the state of compliance with the provisions
4. Member States shall ensure that those responsible for the adopted pursuant to this Directive.
implementation of a strategy shall regularly:
3. Member States shall ensure that the findings from each
inspection are recorded and communicated to the undertaking
(a) evaluate the available remedial and protective measures for concerned. If the findings are related to an outside worker or
achieving the objectives and the efficiency of planned and workers, where appropriate, the findings shall also be
implemented measures; communicated to the employer.

(b) provide information to exposed populations on the 4. Member States shall ensure that outlines of the inspection
potential health risks and on the available means for programmes and the main findings from their implementation
reducing their exposure; are available to the public.
L 13/38 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

5. Member States shall ensure that mechanisms are in place 3. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the
for the timely dissemination to relevant parties, including manu­ text of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the
facturers and suppliers of radiation sources and, where appro­ field covered by this Directive.
priate, international organisations, of protection and safety
information concerning significant lessons learned from
inspections and from reported incidents and accidents and Article 107
related findings. Repeal
Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom,
Article 105 97/43/Euratom, and 2003/122/Euratom are repealed with
effect from 6 February 2018.
Enforcement
Member States shall ensure that the competent authority has the
References to the repealed Directives shall be construed as
power to require any individual or legal person to take action to
references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance
remedy deficiencies and prevent their recurrence or to
with the correlation table in Annex XIX.
withdraw, where appropriate, authorisation when the results
of a regulatory inspection or another regulatory assessment
indicate that the exposure situation is not in compliance with Article 108
the provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive.
Entry into force
The Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day
CHAPTER X following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the
FINAL PROVISIONS European Union.

Article 106
Article 109
Transposition
Addressees
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations
and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Directive by 6 February 2018.
Done at Brussels, 5 December 2013.
2. When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall
contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by For the Council
such reference on the occasion of their official publication.
Member States shall determine how such reference is to be The President
made. R. SINKEVIČIUS
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/39

ANNEX I

Reference levels for public exposure as referred to in Articles 7 and 101

1. Without prejudice to reference levels set for equivalent doses, reference levels expressed in effective doses shall be set
in the range of 1 to 20 mSv per year for existing exposure situations and 20 to 100 mSv (acute or annual) for
emergency exposure situations.

2. In specific situations, a reference level below ranges referred to in point 1 may be considered, in particular:

(a) a reference level below 20 mSv may be set in an emergency exposure situation where appropriate protection can
be provided without causing a disproportionate detriment from the corresponding countermeasures or an
excessive cost;

(b) a reference level below 1 mSv per year may be set, where appropriate, in an existing exposure situation for specific
source-related exposures or pathways of exposure.

3. For the transition from an emergency exposure situation to an existing exposure situation, appropriate reference levels
shall be set, in particular upon the termination of long-term countermeasures such as relocation.

4. The reference levels set shall take account of the features of prevailing situations as well as societal criteria, which may
include the following:

(a) for exposures below or equal to 1 mSv per year, general information on the level of exposure, without specific
consideration of individual exposures;

(b) in the range up to or equal to 20 mSv per year, specific information to enable individuals to manage their own
exposure, if possible;

(c) in the range up to or equal to 100 mSv per year, assessment of individual doses and specific information on
radiation risks and on available actions to reduce exposures.
L 13/40 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX II

Radiation and tissue weighting factors as referred to in points (25) and (33) of Article 4

A. Radiation weighting factors

Radiation type wR

Photons 1

Electrons and muons 1

Protons and charged pions 2

Alpha particles, fission fragments, heavy ions 20

2
Neutrons, En < 1 MeV 2,5 + 18,2 e-[ln(En)] /6

En)]2/6
Neutrons, 1 MeV ≤ En ≤ 50 MeV 5,0 + 17,0 e-[ln(2
En)]2/6
Neutrons, En > 50 MeV 2,5 + 3,25 e-[ln(0,04

Note: All values relate to the radiation incident on the body or, for internal radiation sources, emitted from the incorporated
radionuclide(s).

B. Tissue weighting factors

Tissue wT

Bone-marrow (red) 0,12

Colon 0,12

Lung 0,12

Stomach 0,12

Breast 0,12

Remainder tissues (*) 0,12

Gonads 0,08

Bladder 0,04

Oesophagus 0,04

Liver 0,04

Thyroid 0,04

Bone surface 0,01

Brain 0,01

Salivary glands 0,01

Skin 0,01

(*) The wT for the remainder tissues (0,12) applies to the arithmetic mean dose of the 13 organs and tissues for each sex listed
below. Remainder tissues: adrenals, extrathoracic (ET) region, gall bladder, heart, kidneys, lymphatic nodes, muscle, oral mucosa,
pancreas, prostate (male), small intestine, spleen, thymus, uterus/cervix (female).
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/41

ANNEX III

Activity values defining high-activity sealed sources as referred to in point (43) of Article 4

For radionuclides not listed in the table below, the relevant activity is identical to the D-value defined in the IAEA
publication Dangerous quantities of radioactive material (D-values), (EPR-D-VALUES 2006).

Radionuclide Activity (TBq)

Am-241 6 × 10–2

Am-241/Be-9 (1) 6 × 10–2

Cf-252 2 × 10–2

Cm-244 5 × 10–2

Co-60 3 × 10–2

Cs-137 1 × 10–1

Gd-153 1 × 100

Ir-192 8 × 10–2

Pm-147 4 × 101

Pu-238 6 × 10–2

Pu-239/Be-9 (1) 6 × 10–2

Ra-226 4 × 10–2

Se-75 2 × 10–1

Sr-90 (Y-90) 1 × 100

Tm-170 2 × 101

Yb-169 3 × 10–1

(1) The activity given is that of the alpha-emitting radionuclide

L 13/42 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX IV

Justification of new classes or types of practices involving consumer products as referred to in Article 20

A. Any undertaking intending to manufacture or import into a Member State consumer products for which the intended
use is likely to lead to a new class or type of practice, shall provide the competent authority of this Member State with
all relevant information, as to the:

(1) intended use of the product;

(2) technical characteristics of the product;

(3) in the case of products containing radioactive substances, information as to their means of fixation;

(4) dose rates at relevant distances for the use of the product, including dose rates at a distance of 0,1 m from any
accessible surface;

(5) expected doses to regular users of the product.

B. The competent authority shall examine that information and in particular assess whether:

(1) the performance of the consumer product justifies its intended use;

(2) the design is adequate in order to minimise exposures in normal use and the likelihood and consequences of
misuse or accidental exposures, or whether there should be conditions imposed on the technical and physical
characteristics of the product;

(3) the product is adequately designed to meet the exemption criteria, and, where applicable, is of an approved type
and does not necessitate specific precautions for disposal when no longer in use;

(4) the product is appropriately labelled and suitable documentation is provided to the consumer with instructions for
proper use and disposal.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/43

ANNEX V

Indicative list of practices involving non-medical imaging exposure as referred to in Article 22

Practices using medical radiological equipment:

1. Radiological health assessment for employment purposes;

2. Radiological health assessment for immigration purposes;

3. Radiological health assessment for insurance purposes;

4. Radiological evaluation of the physical development of children and adolescents with a view to a career in sports,
dancing, etc.;

5. Radiological age assessment;

6. Use of ionising radiation for the identification of concealed objects within the human body.

Practices not using medical radiological equipment:

1. Use of ionising radiation for detection of concealed objects on or attached to the human body;

2. Use of ionising radiation for detection of concealed humans as part of cargo screening;

3. Practices involving the use of ionising radiation for legal or security purposes.
L 13/44 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX VI

List of industrial sectors involving naturally-occurring radioactive material as referred to in Article 23

When applying Article 23 the following list of industrial sectors involving naturally-occurring radioactive material,
including research and relevant secondary processes, shall be taken into account:

— Extraction of rare earths from monazite

— Production of thorium compounds and manufacture of thorium-containing products

— Processing of niobium/tantalum ore

— Oil and gas production

— Geothermal energy production

— TiO2 pigment production

— Thermal phosphorus production

— Zircon and zirconium industry

— Production of phosphate fertilisers

— Cement production, maintenance of clinker ovens

— Coal-fired power plants, maintenance of boilers

— Phosphoric acid production,

— Primary iron production,

— Tin/lead/copper smelting,

— Ground water filtration facilities,

— Mining of ores other than uranium ore.

17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/45

ANNEX VII

Exemption and clearance criteria as referred to in Articles 24, 26 and 30

1. Exemption
Practices may be exempted from notification either directly, on the basis of compliance with exemption levels (activity
values (in Bq) or activity concentration values (in kBq kg-1)) laid down in section 2, or on the basis of higher values
that, for specific applications, are established by the competent authority, satisfying the general exemption and
clearance criteria set out in section 3. Practices subject to notification may be exempted from authorisation by law
or general administrative act, or through an ad-hoc regulatory decision, on the basis of the information provided in
conjunction with the notification of the practice and in line with general exemption criteria set out in section 3.

2. Exemption and clearance levels

(a) The total activity values (in Bq) for exemption apply to the total activity involved in a practice and are laid down in
column 3 of Table B for artificial radionuclides and for some naturally-occurring radionuclides used in consumer
products. For other practices involving naturally-occurring radionuclides, such values are, in general, not applicable.

(b) The exempt activity concentration values (in kBq kg-1) for the materials involved in the practice are laid down in
Table A, Part 1, for artificial radionuclides, and in Table A, Part 2, for naturally-occurring radionuclides. The values
in Table A, Part 1, are given for individual radionuclides, where applicable, including short-lived radionuclides in
equilibrium with the parent nuclide, as indicated. The values in Table A, Part 2, apply to all radionuclides in the
decay chain of U-238 or Th-232, but for segments of the decay chain, which are not in equilibrium with the
parent radionuclide, higher values may be applied.

(c) The concentration values in Table A, Part 1, or in Table A, Part 2, also apply to the clearance of solid materials for
reuse, recycling, conventional disposal or incineration. Higher values may be defined for specific materials or
specific pathways, taking Community guidance into account, including, where appropriate, additional require­
ments, in terms of surface activity or monitoring requirements.

(d) For mixtures of artificial radionuclides, the weighted sum of nuclide-specific activities or concentrations (for various
radionuclides contained in the same matrix) divided by the corresponding exemption value shall be less than unity.
Where appropriate, this condition can be verified on the basis of best estimates of the composition of the
radionuclide mix. The values in Table A, Part 2, apply individually to each parent nuclide. Some elements in
the decay chain, e.g. Po-210 or Pb-210, may warrant the use of higher values taking Community guidance into
account.

(e) The values in Table A, Part 2, may not be used to exempt the incorporation into building materials of residues
from industries processing naturally-occurring radioactive material. For this purpose, compliance with the
provisions of Article 75 shall be verified. The values laid down in Table B, column 3, apply to the total
inventory of radioactive substances held by a person or undertaking as part of a specific practice at any point
in time. However, the competent authority may apply these values to smaller entities or packages, for instance to
exempt the transport or storage of exempted consumer products, if the general exemption criteria in section 3 are
satisfied.

3. General exemption and clearance criteria

(a) The general criteria for the exemption of practices from notification or authorisation or for the clearance of
materials from authorised practices are as follows:

(i) the radiological risks to individuals caused by the practice are sufficiently low, as to be of no regulatory
concern; and

(ii) the type of practice has been determined to be justified; and

(iii) the practice is inherently safe.

(b) Practices involving small amounts of radioactive substances or low activity concentrations, comparable to the
exemption values laid down in Table A or Table B are deemed to fulfil criterion (iii).
L 13/46 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

(c) Practices involving amounts of radioactive substances or activity concentrations below the exemption values laid
down in Table A, Part 1, or Table B, are deemed to comply with criterion (i) without further consideration. This is
also the case for the values in Table A, Part 2, with the exception of the recycling of residues in building materials
or the case of specific exposure pathways, for instance, drinking water.

(d) In the case of moderate amounts of material, as specified by Member States for specific types of practice, the
activity concentration values laid down in Table B, column 2, may be used instead of the values laid down in Table
A, Part 1, for the purpose of exemption from authorisation.

(e) For the purpose of exemption from notification or for the purpose of clearance, where amounts of radioactive
substances or activity concentrations do not comply with the values laid down in Table A or Table B, an
assessment shall be made in the light of the general criteria (i) to (iii) above. For compliance with the general
criterion (i), it shall be demonstrated that workers should not be classified as exposed workers, and the following
criteria for the exposure of members of the public are met in all feasible circumstances:

— For artificial radionuclides:

The effective dose expected to be incurred by a member of the public due to the exempted practice is of the
order of 10 μSv or less in a year.

— For naturally-occurring radionuclides:

The dose increment, allowing for the prevailing background radiation from natural radiation sources, liable to
be incurred by an individual due to the exempted practice is of the order of 1 mSv or less in a year. The
assessment of doses to members of the public shall take into account not only pathways of exposure through
airborne or liquid effluent, but also pathways resulting from the disposal or recycling of solid residues. Member
States may specify dose criteria lower than 1 mSv per year for specific types of practices or specific pathways
of exposure.

For the purpose of exemption from authorisation, less restrictive dose criteria may be applied.

TABLE A

Activity concentration values for exemption or clearance of materials which can be applied by default to any
amount and to any type of solid material

TABLE A PART 1

Artificial radionuclides

Activity Activity Activity

Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration
(kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1)

H-3 100 K-43 10 Mn-56 10

Be-7 10 Ca-45 100 Fe-52 (a) 10

C-14 1 Ca-47 10 Fe-55 1 000

F-18 10 Sc-46 0,1 Fe-59 1

Na-22 0,1 Sc-47 100 Co-55 10

Na-24 1 Sc-48 1 Co-56 0,1

Si-31 1 000 V-48 1 Co-57 1

P-32 1 000 Cr-51 100 Co-58 1

P-33 1 000 Mn-51 10 Co-58 m 10 000

S-35 100 Mn-52 1 Co-60 0,1

Cl-36 1 Mn-52 m 10 Co-60 m 1 000

Cl-38 10 Mn-53 100 Co-61 100

K-42 100 Mn-54 0,1 Co-62 m 10

17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/47

Activity Activity Activity

Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration
(kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1)

Ni-59 100 Mo-93 10 Te-129 m (a) 10

Ni-63 100 Mo-99 (a) 10 Te-131 100

Ni-65 10 Mo-101 (a) 10 Te-131 m (a) 10

Cu-64 100 Tc-96 1 Te-132 (a) 1

Zn-65 0,1 Tc-96 m 1 000 Te-133 10

Zn-69 1 000 Tc-97 10 Te-133 m 10

Zn-69 m (a) 10 Tc-97 m 100 Te-134 10

Ga-72 10 Tc-99 1 I-123 100

Ge-71 10 000 Tc-99 m 100 I-125 100

As-73 1 000 Ru-97 10 I-126 10

As-74 10 Ru-103 (a) 1 I-129 0,01

As-76 10 Ru-105 (a) 10 I-130 10

As-77 1 000 Ru-106 (a) 0,1 I-131 10

Se-75 1 Rh-103 m 10 000 I-132 10

Br-82 1 Rh-105 100 I-133 10

Rb-86 100 Pd-103 (a) 1 000 I-134 10

Sr-85 1 Pd-109 (a) 100 I-135 10

Sr-85 m 100 Ag-105 1 Cs-129 10

Sr-87 m 100 Ag-110 m (a) 0,1 Cs-131 1 000

Sr-89 1 000 Ag-111 100 Cs-132 10

Sr-90 (a) 1 Cd-109 (a) 1 Cs-134 0,1

Sr-91 (a) 10 Cd-115 (a) 10 Cs-134 m 1 000

Sr-92 10 Cd-115 m (a) 100 Cs-135 100

Y-90 1 000 In-111 10 Cs-136 1

Y-91 100 In-113 m 100 Cs-137 (a) 0,1

Y-91 m 100 In-114 m (a) 10 Cs-138 10

Y-92 100 In-115 m 100 Ba-131 10

Y-93 100 Sn-113 (a) 1 Ba-140 1

Zr-93 10 Sn-125 10 La-140 1

Zr-95 (a) 1 Sb-122 10 Ce-139 1

Zr-97 (a) 10 Sb-124 1 Ce-141 100

Nb-93 m 10 Sb-125 (a) 0,1 Ce-143 10

Nb-94 0,1 Te-123 m 1 Ce-144 10

Nb-95 1 Te-125 m 1 000 Pr-142 100

Nb-97 (a) 10 Te-127 1 000 Pr-143 1 000

Nb-98 10 Te-127 m (a) 10 Nd-147 100

Mo-90 10 Te-129 100 Nd-149 100

L 13/48 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

Activity Activity Activity

Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration
(kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1)

Pm-147 1 000 Pt-197 1 000 Pu-235 100

Pm-149 1 000 Pt-197 m 100 Pu-236 1

Sm-151 1 000 Au-198 10 Pu-237 100

Sm-153 100 Au-199 100 Pu-238 0,1
Eu-152 0,1
Hg-197 100 Pu-239 0,1
Eu-152 m 100
Hg-197 m 100 Pu-240 0,1
Eu-154 0,1
Hg-203 10 Pu-241 10
Eu-155 1
Tl-200 10 Pu-242 0,1
Gd-153 10
Tl-201 100 Pu-243 1 000
Gd-159 100
Tl-202 10 Pu-244 (a) 0,1
Tb-160 1
Tl-204 1 Am-241 0,1
Dy-165 1 000
Pb-203 10 Am-242 1 000
Dy-166 100
Bi-206 1 Am-242 m (a) 0,1
Ho-166 100
Bi-207 0,1 Am-243 (a) 0,1
Er-169 1 000

Er-171 100 Po-203 10 Cm-242 10

Tm-170 100 Po-205 10 Cm-243 1

Tm-171 1 000 Po-207 10 Cm-244 1

Yb-175 100 At-211 1 000 Cm-245 0,1

Lu-177 100 Ra-225 10 Cm-246 0,1

Hf-181 1 Ra-227 100 Cm-247 (a) 0,1

Ta-182 0,1 Th-226 1 000 Cm-248 0,1

W-181 10 Th-229 0,1 Bk-249 100

W-185 1 000 Pa-230 10 Cf-246 1 000

W-187 10 Pa-233 10 Cf-248 1

Re-186 1 000 U-230 10 Cf-249 0,1

Re-188 100 U-231 (a) 100 Cf-250 1

U-232 (a) 0,1 Cf-251 0,1
Os-185 1
U-233 1
Os-191 100 Cf-252 1
U-236 10
Os-191 m 1 000 Cf-253 100
U-237 100
Os-193 100 Cf-254 1
U-239 100
Ir-190 1 Es-253 100
U-240 (a) 100
Ir-192 1 Es-254 (a) 0,1
Np-237 (a) 1
Ir-194 100 Es-254 m (a) 10
Np-239 100
Pt-191 10 Np-240 10 Fm-254 10 000

Pt-193 m 1 000 Pu-234 100 Fm-255 100

17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/49

(a) Parent radionuclides, and their progeny whose dose contributions are taken into account in the dose calculation (thus requiring only
the exemption level of the parent radionuclide to be considered), are listed in the following table.

Parent radionuclide Progeny Parent radionuclide Progeny

Fe-52 Mn-52 m Sn-113 In-113 m

Zn-69 m Zn-69 Sb-125 Te-125 m

Sr-90 Y-90 Te-127 m Te-127

Sr-91 Y-91 m Te-129 m Te-129

Zr-95 Nb-95 Te-131 m Te-131

Zr-97 Nb-97 m, Nb-97 Te132 I-132

Nb-97 Nb-97 m Cs-137 Ba-137 m

Mo-99 Tc-99 m Ce-144 Pr-144, Pr-144 m

Mo-101 Tc-101 U-232 Th-228, Ra-224,

Rn-220, Po-216,
Ru-103 Rh-103 m Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208

Ru-105 Rh-105 m U-240 Np-240 m, Np-240

Ru-106 Rh-106 Np237 Pa-233

Pd-103 Rh-103 m Pu-244 U-240, Np-240 m,

Np-240
Pd-109 Ag-109 m
Am-242 m Np-238
Ag-110 m Ag-110
Am-243 Np-239
Cd-109 Ag-109 m

Cd-115 In-115 m Cm-247 Pu-243

Cd-115 m In-115 m Es-254 Bk-250

In-114 m In-114 Es-254 m Fm-254

For radionuclides not listed in Table A, Part 1 the competent authority shall assign appropriate values for the quantities
and concentrations of activity per unit mass where the need arises. Values thus assigned shall be complementary to those
in Table A, Part 1.

TABLE A PART 2
Naturally occurring radionuclides
Values for exemption or clearance for naturally occurring radionuclides in solid materials in secular equilibrium with their
progeny:

Natural radionuclides from the U-238 series 1 kBq kg-1

Natural radionuclides from the Th-232 series 1 kBq kg-1

K-40 10 kBq kg-1

L 13/50 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

TABLE B
Total activity values for exemption (column 3) and exemption values for the activity concentration in moderate
amounts of any type of material (column 2)

Activity Activity
Activity Activity
Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration
(Bq) (Bq)
(kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1)

H-3 1 × 106 1 × 109 Ni-65 1 × 101 1 × 106

Be-7 1 × 103 1 × 107 Cu-64 1 × 102 1 × 106
4 7 1
C-14 1 × 10 1 × 10 Zn-65 1 × 10 1 × 106
O-15 1 × 102 1 × 109 Zn-69 1 × 104 1 × 106
1 6 2
F-18 1 × 10 1 × 10 Zn-69 m 1 × 10 1 × 106
Na-22 1 × 101 1 × 106 Ga-72 1 × 101 1 × 105
1 5 4
Na-24 1 × 10 1 × 10 Ge-71 1 × 10 1 × 108
Si-31 1 × 103 1 × 106 As-73 1 × 103 1 × 107
3 5 1
P-32 1 × 10 1 × 10 As-74 1 × 10 1 × 106
P-33 1 × 105 1 × 108 As-76 1 × 102 1 × 105
5 8 3
S-35 1 × 10 1 × 10 As-77 1 × 10 1 × 106
Cl-36 1 × 104 1 × 106 Se-75 1 × 102 1 × 106
1 5 1
Cl-38 1 × 10 1 × 10 Br-82 1 × 10 1 × 106
Ar-37 1 × 106 1 × 108 Kr-74 1 × 102 1 × 109
2 9 2
Ar-41 1 × 10 1 × 10 Kr-76 1 × 10 1 × 109
2 6 2
K-40 (1) 1 × 10 1 × 10 Kr-77 1 × 10 1 × 109
K-42 1 × 102 1 × 106 Kr-79 1 × 103 1 × 105
1 6 4
K-43 1 × 10 1 × 10 Kr-81 1 × 10 1 × 107
Ca-45 1 × 104 1 × 107 Kr-83 m 1 × 105 1 × 1012
1 6 5
Ca-47 1 × 10 1 × 10 Kr-85 1 × 10 1 × 104
Sc-46 1 × 101 1 × 106 Kr-85 m 1 × 103 1 × 1010
2 6 2
Sc-47 1 × 10 1 × 10 Kr-87 1 × 10 1 × 109
Sc-48 1 × 101 1 × 105 Kr-88 1 × 102 1 × 109
1 5 2
V-48 1 × 10 1 × 10 Rb-86 1 × 10 1 × 105
Cr-51 1 × 103 1 × 107 Sr-85 1 × 102 1 × 106
1 5 2
Mn-51 1 × 10 1 × 10 Sr-85 m 1 × 10 1 × 107
Mn-52 1 × 101 1 × 105 Sr-87 m 1 × 102 1 × 106
1 5 3
Mn-52 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Sr-89 1 × 10 1 × 106
Mn-53 1 × 104 1 × 109 Sr-90 (b) 1 × 102 1 × 104
1 6 1
Mn-54 1 × 10 1 × 10 Sr-91 1 × 10 1 × 105
1 5 1
Mn-56 1 × 10 1 × 10 Sr-92 1 × 10 1 × 106
Fe-52 1 × 101 1 × 106 Y-90 1 × 103 1 × 105
4 6 3
Fe-55 1 × 10 1 × 10 Y-91 1 × 10 1 × 106
Fe-59 1 × 101 1 × 106 Y-91 m 1 × 102 1 × 106
1 6 2
Co-55 1 × 10 1 × 10 Y-92 1 × 10 1 × 105
Co-56 1 × 101 1 × 105 Y-93 1 × 102 1 × 105
2 6 3
Co-57 1 × 10 1 × 10 Zr-93 (b ) 1 × 10 1 × 107
Co-58 1 × 101 1 × 106 Zr-95 1 × 101 1 × 106
4 7 1
Co-58 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Zr-97 (b ) 1 × 10 1 × 105
Co-60 1 × 101 1 × 105 Nb-93 m 1 × 104 1 × 107
3 6 1
Co-60 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Nb-94 1 × 10 1 × 106
Co-61 1 × 102 1 × 106 Nb-95 1 × 101 1 × 106
1 5 1
Co-62 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Nb-97 1 × 10 1 × 106
4 8 1
Ni-59 1 × 10 1 × 10 Nb-98 1 × 10 1 × 105
Ni-63 1 × 105 1 × 108 Mo-90 1 × 101 1 × 106
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/51

Activity Activity
Activity Activity
Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration
(Bq) (Bq)
(kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1)

Mo-93 1 × 103 1 × 108 I-129 1 × 102 1 × 105

Mo-99 1 × 102 1 × 106 I-130 1 × 101 1 × 106
1 6 2
Mo-101 1 × 10 1 × 10 I-131 1 × 10 1 × 106
Tc-96 1 × 101 1 × 106 I-132 1 × 101 1 × 105
3 7 1
Tc-96 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 I-133 1 × 10 1 × 106
Tc-97 1 × 103 1 × 108 I-134 1 × 101 1 × 105
3 7 1
Tc-97 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 I-135 1 × 10 1 × 106
Tc-99 1 × 104 1 × 107 Xe-131 m 1 × 104 1 × 104
2 7 3
Tc-99 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Xe-133 1 × 10 1 × 104
Ru-97 1 × 102 1 × 107 Xe-135 1 × 103 1 × 1010
2 6 2
Ru-103 1 × 10 1 × 10 Cs-129 1 × 10 1 × 105
Ru-105 1 × 101 1 × 106 Cs-131 1 × 103 1 × 106
2 5 1
Ru-106 (b ) 1 × 10 1 × 10 Cs-132 1 × 10 1 × 105
4 8 3
Rh-103 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Cs-134 m 1 × 10 1 × 105
Rh-105 1 × 102 1 × 107 Cs-134 1 × 101 1 × 104
3 8 4
Pd-103 1 × 10 1 × 10 Cs-135 1 × 10 1 × 107
Pd-109 1 × 103 1 × 106 Cs-136 1 × 101 1 × 105
2 6 1
Ag-105 1 × 10 1 × 10 Cs-137 (b) 1 × 10 1 × 104
Ag-108 m 1 × 101 1 × 106 Cs-138 1 × 101 1 × 104
1 6 2
Ag-110 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Ba-131 1 × 10 1 × 106
Ag-111 1 × 103 1 × 106 Ba-140 (b) 1 × 101 1 × 105
4 6 1
Cd-109 1 × 10 1 × 10 La-140 1 × 10 1 × 105
Cd-115 1 × 102 1 × 106 Ce-139 1 × 102 1 × 106
3 6 2
Cd-115 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Ce-141 1 × 10 1 × 107
In-111 1 × 102 1 × 106 Ce-143 1 × 102 1 × 106
2 6 2
In-113 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Ce-144 (b ) 1 × 10 1 × 105
In-114 m 1 × 102 1 × 106 Pr-142 1 × 102 1 × 105
2 6 4
In-115 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pr-143 1 × 10 1 × 106
3 7 2
Sn-113 1 × 10 1 × 10 Nd-147 1 × 10 1 × 106
Sn-125 1 × 102 1 × 105 Nd-149 1 × 102 1 × 106
2 4 4
Sb-122 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pm-147 1 × 10 1 × 107
Sb-124 1 × 101 1 × 106 Pm-149 1 × 103 1 × 106
2 6 4
Sb-125 1 × 10 1 × 10 Sm-151 1 × 10 1 × 108
Te-123 m 1 × 102 1 × 107 Sm-153 1 × 102 1 × 106
3 7 1
Te-125 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Eu-152 1 × 10 1 × 106
Te-127 1 × 103 1 × 106 Eu-152 m 1 × 102 1 × 106
3 7 1
Te-127 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Eu-154 1 × 10 1 × 106
Te-129 1 × 102 1 × 106 Eu-155 1 × 102 1 × 107
3 6 2
Te-129 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Gd-153 1 × 10 1 × 107
Te-131 1 × 102 1 × 105 Gd-159 1 × 103 1 × 106
1 6 1
Te-131 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Tb-160 1 × 10 1 × 106
2 7 3
Te-132 1 × 10 1 × 10 Dy-165 1 × 10 1 × 106
Te-133 1 × 101 1 × 105 Dy-166 1 × 103 1 × 106
1 5 3
Te-133 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 Ho-166 1 × 10 1 × 105
Te-134 1 × 101 1 × 106 Er-169 1 × 104 1 × 107
2 7 2
I-123 1 × 10 1 × 10 Er-171 1 × 10 1 × 106
I-125 1 × 103 1 × 106 Tm-170 1 × 103 1 × 106
2 6 4
I-126 1 × 10 1 × 10 Tm-171 1 × 10 1 × 108
L 13/52 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

Activity Activity
Activity Activity
Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration
(Bq) (Bq)
(kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1)

Yb-175 1 × 103 1 × 107 Ra-228 (b) 1 × 101 1 × 105

Lu-177 1 × 103 1 × 107 Ac-228 1 × 101 1 × 106
1 6 3
Hf-181 1 × 10 1 × 10 Th-226 (b) 1 × 10 1 × 107
Ta-182 1 × 101 1 × 104 Th-227 1 × 101 1 × 104
3 7 0
W-181 1 × 10 1 × 10 Th-228 (b ) 1 × 10 1 × 104
W-185 1 × 104 1 × 107 Th-229 (b) 1 × 100 1 × 103
2 6 0
W-187 1 × 10 1 × 10 Th-230 1 × 10 1 × 104
Re-186 1 × 103 1 × 106 Th-231 1 × 103 1 × 107
2 5 3
Re-188 1 × 10 1 × 10 Th-234 (b ) 1 × 10 1 × 105
Os-185 1 × 101 1 × 106 Pa-230 1 × 101 1 × 106
2 7 0
Os-191 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pa-231 1 × 10 1 × 103
Os-191 m 1 × 103 1 × 107 Pa-233 1 × 102 1 × 107
2 6 1
Os-193 1 × 10 1 × 10 U-230 1 × 10 1 × 105
1 6 2
Ir-190 1 × 10 1 × 10 U-231 1 × 10 1 × 107
Ir-192 1 × 101 1 × 104 U-232 (b) 1 × 100 1 × 103
2 5 1
Ir-194 1 × 10 1 × 10 U-233 1 × 10 1 × 104
Pt-191 1 × 102 1 × 106 U-234 1 × 101 1 × 104
3 7 1
Pt-193 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 U-235 (b) 1 × 10 1 × 104
Pt-197 1 × 103 1 × 106 U-236 1 × 101 1 × 104
2 6 2
Pt-197 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 U-237 1 × 10 1 × 106
Au-198 1 × 102 1 × 106 U-238 (b) 1 × 101 1 × 104
2 6 2
Au-199 1 × 10 1 × 10 U-239 1 × 10 1 × 106
Hg-197 1 × 102 1 × 107 U-240 1 × 103 1 × 107
2 6 1
Hg-197 m 1 × 10 1 × 10 U-240 (b ) 1 × 10 1 × 106
Hg-203 1 × 102 1 × 105 Np-237 (b) 1 × 100 1 × 103
1 6 2
Tl-200 1 × 10 1 × 10 Np-239 1 × 10 1 × 107
Tl-201 1 × 102 1 × 106 Np-240 1 × 101 1 × 106
2 6 2
Tl-202 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pu-234 1 × 10 1 × 107
4 4 2
Tl-204 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pu-235 1 × 10 1 × 107
Pb-203 1 × 102 1 × 106 Pu-236 1 × 101 1 × 104
1 4 3
Pb-210 (b) 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pu-237 1 × 10 1 × 107
Pb-212 (b) 1 × 101 1 × 105 Pu-238 1 × 100 1 × 104
1 5 0
Bi-206 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pu-239 1 × 10 1 × 104
Bi-207 1 × 101 1 × 106 Pu-240 1 × 100 1 × 103
3 6 2
Bi-210 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pu-241 1 × 10 1 × 105
Bi-212 (b) 1 × 101 1 × 105 Pu-242 1 × 100 1 × 104
1 6 3
Po-203 1 × 10 1 × 10 Pu-243 1 × 10 1 × 107
Po-205 1 × 101 1 × 106 Pu-244 1 × 100 1 × 104
1 6 0
Po-207 1 × 10 1 × 10 Am-241 1 × 10 1 × 104
Po-210 1 × 101 1 × 104 Am-242 1 × 103 1 × 106
3 7 0
At-211 1 × 10 1 × 10 Am-242 m (b) 1 × 10 1 × 104
4 7 0
Rn-220 (b) 1 × 10 1 × 10 Am-243 (b) 1 × 10 1 × 103
Rn-222 (b) 1 × 101 1 × 108 Cm-242 1 × 102 1 × 105
2 5 0
Ra-223 (b) 1 × 10 1 × 10 Cm-243 1 × 10 1 × 104
Ra-224 (b) 1 × 101 1 × 105 Cm-244 1 × 101 1 × 104
2 5 0
Ra-225 1 × 10 1 × 10 Cm-245 1 × 10 1 × 103
Ra-226 (b) 1 × 101 1 × 104 Cm-246 1 × 100 1 × 103
2 6 0
Ra-227 1 × 10 1 × 10 Cm-247 1 × 10 1 × 104
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/53

Activity Activity
Activity Activity
Radionuclide concentration Radionuclide concentration
(Bq) (Bq)
(kBq kg-1) (kBq kg-1)

Cm-248 1 × 100 1 × 103 Cf-253 1 × 102 1 × 105

Bk-249 1 × 103 1 × 106 Cf-254 1 × 100 1 × 103
3 6 2
Cf-246 1 × 10 1 × 10 Es-253 1 × 10 1 × 105
Cf-248 1 × 101 1 × 104 Es-254 1 × 101 1 × 104
0 3
Cf-249 1 × 10 1 × 10
Es-254 m 1 × 102 1 × 106
1
Cf-250 1 × 10 1 × 104
Fm-254 1 × 104 1 × 107
Cf-251 1 × 100 1 × 103
Cf-252 1 × 101 1 × 104 Fm-255 1 × 103 1 × 106
(1) Potassium salts in quantities less than 1 000 kg are exempted.
(b) Parent radionuclides, and their progeny whose dose contributions are taken into account in the dose calculation (thus requiring only
the exemption level of the parent radionuclide to be considered), are listed in the following:

Parent radionuclide Progeny

Sr-90 Y-90
Zr-93 Nb-93 m
Zr-97 Nb-97
Ru-106 Rh-106
Ag-108 m Ag-108
Cs-137 Ba-137 m
Ba-140 La-140
Ce-144 Pr-144
Pb-210 Bi-210, Po-210
Pb-212 Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Bi-212 Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Rn-220 Po-216
Rn-222 Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214
Ra-223 Rn-219, Po-215, Pb-211, Bi-211, Tl-207
Ra-224 Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Ra-226 Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210
Ra-228 Ac-228
Th-226 Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214
Th-228 Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Th-229 Ra-225, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209
Th-234 Pa-234 m
U-230 Th-226, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214
U-232 Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
U-235 Th-231
U-238 Th-234, Pa-234 m
U-240 Np-240 m
Np237 Pa-233
Am-242 m Am-242
Am-243 Np-239
L 13/54 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX VIII

Definition and use of the activity concentration index for the gamma radiation emitted by building materials as
referred to in Article 75

For the purposes of Article 75(2), for identified types of building materials, the activity concentrations of primordial
radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232 (or its decay product Ra-228) and K-40 shall be determined.

The activity concentration index I is given by the following formula:

I = CRa226/300 Bq/kg + CTh232/200 Bq/kg + CK40/3 000 Bq/kg

where CRa226, CTh232 and CK40 are the activity concentrations in Bq/kg of the corresponding radionuclides in the building
material.

The index relates to the gamma radiation dose, in excess of typical outdoor exposure, in a building constructed from a
specified building material. The index applies to the building material, not to its constituents except when those
constituents are building materials themselves and are separately assessed as such. For application of the index to
such constituents, in particular residues from industries processing naturally-occurring radioactive material recycled
into building materials, an appropriate partitioning factor needs to be applied. The activity concentration index value
of 1 can be used as a conservative screening tool for identifying materials that may cause the reference level laid down in
Article 75(1) to be exceeded. The calculation of dose needs to take into account other factors such as density, thickness of
the material as well as factors relating to the type of building and the intended use of the material (bulk or superficial).
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/55

ANNEX IX

Indicative list of information for licence applications as referred to in Article 29

(a) Responsibilities and organisational arrangements for protection and safety.

(b) Staff competences, including information and training.

(c) Design features of the facility and of radiation sources.

(d) Anticipated occupational and public exposures in normal operation.

(e) Safety assessment of the activities and the facility in order to:

(i) identify ways in which potential exposures or accidental and unintended medical exposures could occur;

(ii) estimate, to the extent practicable, the probabilities and magnitude of potential exposures;

(iii) assess the quality and extent of protection and safety provisions, including engineering features, as well as
administrative procedures;

(iv) define the operational limits and conditions of operation.

(f) Emergency procedures.

(g) Maintenance, testing, inspection and servicing so as to ensure that the radiation source and the facility continue to
meet the design requirements, operational limits and conditions of operation throughout their lifetime.

(h) Management of radioactive waste and arrangements for the disposal of such waste, in accordance with applicable
regulatory requirements.

(i) Management of disused sources.

(j) Quality assurance.

L 13/56 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX X

Data system for individual radiological monitoring as referred to in Articles 43, 44 and 51

GENERAL PROVISIONS

The data system for individual radiological monitoring established by a Member State may be realised either as a network
or as a national dose register. This data system may include the issuance of individual radiological monitoring documents
for outside workers.

1. Any data system of the Member States for individual radiological monitoring of exposed workers shall comprise the
following sections:

(a) particulars concerning the worker's identity;

(b) particulars concerning the medical surveillance of the worker;

(c) particulars concerning the undertaking of the worker and, in the case of an outside worker, the employer of the
worker;

(d) the results of the individual monitoring of the exposed worker.

2. The competent authorities of the Member States shall take the measures necessary to prevent any forgery or misuse of,
or tampering with, the data system for individual radiological monitoring.

A. Data to be included in the data system for individual radiological monitoring

3. Data on the worker's identity shall include the worker's:

(a) surname;

(b) first name;

(c) sex;

(d) date of birth;

(e) nationality; and

(f) unique identification number.

4. Data on the undertaking shall include the name, address and unique identification number of the undertaking.

5. Data on the employment of the worker shall include:

(a) the name, address and unique identification number of the employer;

(b) the starting date of individual monitoring; and where available, the end date;

(c) the categorisation of the worker in accordance with Article 40.

6. The results of the individual monitoring of the exposed worker shall include the official dose record (year; effective
dose in mSv; in the event of non-uniform exposure, equivalent doses in the different parts of the body in mSv; and in
the event of an intake of radionuclides, the committed effective dose in mSv);

B. Data on outside workers to be supplied via the data system for individual radiological monitoring

1. Before the start of any activity, the employer of the outside worker shall supply the following data to the undertaking
via the data system for individual radiological monitoring:

(a) data on the employment of the outside worker in accordance with Section A, point 5;
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/57

(b) data on the medical surveillance of the worker shall include:

(i) the medical classification of the worker in accordance with Article 46 (fit; fit, subject to certain conditions;
unfit);

(ii) information on any restrictions on working with radiation;

(iii) the date of the last periodic health review; and

(iv) the period of validity of the result.

(c) the results of the outside worker's individual exposure monitoring in accordance with Section A, point 6, and at
least for the last five calendar years including the current year.

2. The following data shall be recorded or have been recorded by the undertaking in the data system for individual
radiological monitoring after the end of any activity:

(a) the period covered by the activity;

(b) an estimate of any effective dose received by the outside worker (for the period covered by the activity);

(c) in the event of non-uniform exposure, an estimate of the equivalent doses in the different parts of the body;

(d) in the event of an intake of radionuclides, an estimate of the intake or the committed effective dose.

C. Provisions concerning the individual radiological monitoring document

1. Member States may decide to issue an individual radiological monitoring document for every outside worker.

2. The document shall be non-transferable.

3. Member States shall take the measures necessary to prevent a worker from being issued with more than one valid
individual monitoring document at the same time.

4. In addition to the information required in Part A and Part B, the document shall include the name and address of the
issuing body and the issuing date.
L 13/58 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX XI

Emergency management systems and emergency response plans as referred to in Articles 69, 97 and 98

A. Elements to be included in an emergency management system

1. Assessment of potential emergency exposure situations and associated public and emergency occupational exposures;

2. Clear allocation of the responsibilities of persons and organisations having a role in preparedness and response
arrangements;

3. Establishment of emergency response plans at appropriate levels and related to a specific facility or human activity;

4. Reliable communications and efficient and effective arrangements for cooperation and coordination at the installation
and at appropriate national and international levels;

5. Health protection of emergency workers;

6. Arrangements for the provision of prior information and training for emergency workers and all other persons with
duties or responsibilities in emergency response, including regular exercises;

7. Arrangements for individual monitoring or assessment of individual doses of emergency workers and the recording
of doses;

8. Public information arrangements;

9. Involvement of stakeholders;

10. Transition from an emergency exposure situation to an existing exposure situation including recovery and remedi­
ation.

B. Elements to be included in an emergency response plan

For emergency preparedness:

1. Reference levels for public exposure, taking into account the criteria laid down in Annex I;

2. Reference levels for emergency occupational exposure taking into account Article 53.

3. Optimised protection strategies for members of the public who may be exposed, for different postulated events
and related scenarios;

4. Predefined generic criteria for particular protective measures;

5. Default triggers or operational criteria such as observables and indicators of on-scene conditions;

6. Arrangements for prompt coordination between organisations having a role in emergency preparedness and
response and with all other Member States and with third countries which may be involved or are likely to
be affected;

7. Arrangements for the emergency response plan to be reviewed and revised to take account of changes or lessons
learned from exercises and events.

Arrangements shall be established in advance to revise these elements, as appropriate during an emergency
exposure situation, to accommodate the prevailing conditions as these evolve throughout the response.

For emergency response:

The response to an emergency exposure situation shall be undertaken through the timely implementation of
preparedness arrangements, including but not limited to:

1. Promptly implementing protective measures, if possible, before any exposure occurs;

17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/59

2. Assessing the effectiveness of strategies and implemented actions and adjusting them as appropriate to the
prevailing situation;

3. Comparing the doses against the applicable reference level, focusing on those groups whose doses exceed the
reference level;

4. Implementing further protection strategies, as necessary, based on prevailing conditions and available information.
L 13/60 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX XII

Information to members of the public about health protection measures to be applied and steps to be taken in
the event of an emergency as referred to in Articles 70 and 71

A. Prior information to the members of the public likely to be affected by an emergency

1. Basic facts about radioactivity and its effects on human beings and on the environment;

2. The various types of emergency covered and their consequences for the public and the environment;

3. Emergency measures envisaged to alert, protect and assist the public in the event of an emergency;

4. Appropriate information on action to be taken by the public in the event of an emergency.

B. Information to be provided to the affected members of the public in the event of an emergency

1. On the basis of the emergency response plan previously drawn up in the Member States, the members of the public
actually affected in the event of an emergency shall rapidly and regularly receive:

(a) information on the type of emergency which has occurred and, where possible, its characteristics (e.g. its origin,
extent and probable development);

(b) advice on protection, which, depending on the type of emergency, may:

(i) cover the following: restrictions on the consumption of certain foodstuffs and water likely to be contaminated,
simple rules on hygiene and decontamination, recommendations to stay indoors, distribution and use of
protective substances, evacuation arrangements;

(ii) be accompanied, where necessary, by special warnings for certain groups of the members of the public;

(c) announcements recommending cooperation with instructions or requests by the competent authority.

2. If the emergency is preceded by a pre-alarm phase, the members of the public likely to be affected shall already receive
information and advice during that phase, such as:

(a) an invitation to the members of the public concerned to tune in to relevant communication channels;

(b) preparatory advice to establishments with particular collective responsibilities;

(c) recommendations to occupational groups particularly affected.

3. This information and advice shall be supplemented, if time permits, by a reminder of the basic facts about radio­
activity and its effects on human beings and on the environment.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/61

ANNEX XIII

Indicative list of types of building materials considered with regard to their emitted gamma radiation as referred
to in Article 75

1. Natural materials
(a) Alum-shale.

(b) Building materials or additives of natural igneous origin, such as:

— granitoides (such as granites, syenite and orthogneiss),

— porphyries;

— tuff;

— pozzolana (pozzolanic ash);

— lava.

2. Materials incorporating residues from industries processing naturally-occurring radioactive material, such as:

fly ash;

phosphogypsum;

phosphorus slag;

tin slag;

copper slag;

red mud (residue from aluminium production);

residues from steel production

 L 13/62
ANNEX XIV

Information to be provided in the records for high-activity sealed sources (HASS) as referred to in Article 89

EN
Official Journal of the European Union
17.1.2014
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/63

ANNEX XV

Requirements for undertakings responsible for a high-activity sealed source as referred to in Article 91

Each undertaking responsible for a high-activity sealed source shall:

(a) ensure that suitable tests, such as leak tests based on international standards, are undertaken regularly in order to
check and maintain the integrity of each source;

(b) regularly verify at specific intervals, which may be determined by Member States, that each source and, where relevant,
the equipment containing the source are still present and in apparently good condition at their place of use or
storage;

(c) ensure that each fixed and mobile source is subject to adequate documented measures, such as written protocols and
procedures, aimed at preventing unauthorised access to or loss or theft of the source or its damage by fire;

(d) promptly notify the competent authority of any loss, theft, leakage or unauthorised use of a source, arrange for a
check on the integrity of each source after any event, including fire, that may have damaged the source, and, if
appropriate, inform the competent authority thereof and of the measures taken;

(e) return each disused source to the supplier or place it in a facility for long term storage or disposal or transfer it to
another authorised undertaking unless otherwise agreed by the competent authority, without undue delay after
termination of the use;

(f) ascertain that, before a transfer is made, the recipient has appropriate licence.

(g) promptly notify the competent authority of any accident or incident resulting in unintentional exposure of a worker
or a member of the public.
L 13/64 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX XVI

Identification and marking of high-activity sealed sources as referred to in Article 91

1. The manufacturer or supplier ensures that:

(a) Each high-activity sealed source is identified by a unique number. This number shall be engraved or stamped on
the source, where practicable.

The number shall also be engraved or stamped on the source container. If this is not feasible, or in the case of
reusable transport containers, the source container shall, at least, bear information on the nature of the source.

(b) The source container and, where practicable, the source are marked and labelled with an appropriate sign to warn
people of the radiation hazard.

2. The manufacturer provides a photograph of each manufactured source design type and a photograph of the typical
source container.

3. The undertaking ensures that each high-activity sealed source is accompanied by written information indicating that
the source is identified and marked in compliance with point 1 and that the markings and labels referred to in point 1
remain legible. The information shall include photographs of the source, source container, transport packaging, device
and equipment as appropriate.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/65

ANNEX XVII

Indicative list of types of existing exposure situations as referred to in Article 100

(a) Exposure due to contamination of areas by residual radioactive material from:

(i) past activities that were never subject to regulatory control or were not regulated in accordance with the
requirements laid down by this Directive;

(ii) an emergency, after the emergency exposure situation has been declared ended, as provided for in the emergency
management system;

(iii) residues from past activities for which the undertaking is no longer legally accountable;

(b) Exposure to natural radiation sources, including:

(i) indoor exposure to radon and thoron, in workplaces, dwellings and other buildings;

(ii) indoor external exposure from building materials;

(c) Exposure to commodities excluding food, animal feeding stuffs and drinking water incorporating

(i) radionuclides from contaminated areas specified in point (a), or

(ii) naturally-occurring radionuclides.

L 13/66 EN Official Journal of the European Union 17.1.2014

ANNEX XVIII

List of items to be considered in preparing the national action plan to address long-term risks from radon
exposures as referred to in Articles 54, 74 and 103

(1) Strategy for conducting surveys of indoor radon concentrations or soil gas concentrations for the purpose of
estimating the distribution of indoor radon concentrations, for the management of measurement data and for
the establishment of other relevant parameters (such as soil and rock types, permeability and radium-226
content of rock or soil).

(2) Approach, data and criteria used for the delineation of areas or for the definition of other parameters that can be
used as specific indicators of situations with potentially high exposure to radon.

(3) Identification of types of workplaces and buildings with public access, such as schools, underground workplaces, and
those in certain areas, where measurements are required, on the basis of a risk assessment, considering for instance
occupancy hours.

(4) The basis for the establishment of reference levels for dwellings and workplaces. If applicable, the basis for the
establishment of different reference levels for different uses of buildings (dwellings, buildings with public access,
workplaces) as well as for existing and for new buildings.

(5) Assignment of responsibilities (governmental and non-governmental), coordination mechanisms and available
resources for implementation of the action plan.

(6) Strategy for reducing radon exposure in dwellings and for giving priority to addressing the situations identified
under point 2.

(7) Strategies for facilitating post construction remedial action.

(8) Strategy, including methods and tools, for preventing radon ingress in new buildings, including identification of
building materials with significant radon exhalation.

(9) Schedules for reviews of the action plan.

(10) Strategy for communication to increase public awareness and inform local decision makers, employers and
employees of the risks of radon, including in relation to smoking.

(11) Guidance on methods and tools for measurements and remedial measures. Criteria for the accreditation of
measurement and remediation services shall also be considered.

(12) Where appropriate, provision of financial support for radon surveys and for remedial measures, in particular for
private dwellings with very high radon concentrations.

(13) Long-term goals in terms of reducing lung cancer risk attributable to radon exposure (for smokers and non-
smokers).

(14) Where appropriate, consideration of other related issues and corresponding programmes such as programmes on
energy saving and indoor air quality.
17.1.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 13/67

ANNEX XIX

Correlation table referred to in Article 107

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Article 1 Article 1 Article 1 Article 54 Article 1

Article 2 (1) Article 2(1),

Article 40(1),
Article 48(1)

Article 2 (2)(a) Article 2(1)(a)

Article 2 (2)(b) Article 2(1)(b)

Article 2 (2)(c) Article 2(2),

Article 40

Article 2 (2)(d) Article 2(3),

Article 40

Article 2 (2)(e) Article 2(3)

Article 48(1)

Article 3 Article 2(4)

Article 4 Articles 2, 3, 4 Article 2 Article 1 Articles 1, 2 Article 2

Article 5

Article 5 point (a) Article 6(1)

Article 48(2)

Article 5 point (b) Article 6(3)(a)

Article 48(2)

Article 5 point (c) Article 6(3)(b),

Article 6(4)

Article 6(1) Article 7(1)

and (2)

Article 6(1)(a)

Article 6(1)(b)

Article 6(1)(c) Article 4(2)(b)

Article 4(4)(a)

Article 6(2)

Article 7 Article 48(2)

Article 8 Article 8

Article 9(1)

Article 9(2) Article 9(1)

Article 9(3) Article 9(2)

Article 10 Article 10

Article 11(1) Article 11(1)

Article 11(2) Article 11(2)

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Article 11(3) Article 11(2)

Article 11(4) Article 11(3)

Article 12 Article 13

Article 13 Articles 15, 16

Article 14(1)

Article 14(2) Article 7(1)

and (3)

Article 14(3)

Article 15(1) Article 22(1)(a)

Article 15(2) Article 22(1)(b)

Article 15(3) Article 22(1)(b)

Article 15(4) Article 22(2)

Article 15(5) Article 8(1)

Article 16 Article 8(2)

Article 17(1) Article 7(1) Article 50(3)

Article 17(2) Article 7(2)

Article 17(3)

Article 17(4)

Article 18 Article 7

Article 19(1) Article 6(1)

Article 19(2) Article 6(2)

Article 19(3)

Article 19(4)

Article 20

Article 21 Article 6(5)

Article 22 Article 3(1)(d)

Article 4(2)(c)
Article 5(4)

Article 23 Article 40(2)

Article 24 Article 4(3)

Article 41

Article 25 Article 3 Article 3(1)

Article 26 Article 3(2)

Article 27(1)

Article 27(2) Article 4(2)

Article 27(3)
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Article 28, points Article 4(1)

(a), (b), (c), (e)
and (f)

Article 28(d) Article 3(1)

Article 29

Article 30(1) Article 5(1)

Article 30(2) Article 5(2)

Article 30(3)

Article 30(4)

Article 31(1) Article 23(1)

Article 31(2)

Article 31(3)

Article 31(4)

Article 32 Article 17, points

(a), (c), (d) and (e)

Article 33 Article 39

Article 34 Article 23(2)

Article 35(1) Article 18(1)

Article 35(2)

Article 35(3) Article 42

Article 36(1) Article 17(b)

Article 36(2) Article 18(2)

and (3)

Article 36(3) Article 18(4)

Article 37 Article 19

Article 38 Article 20

Article 39 Article 24

Article 40(1) Article 21

Article 40(2)

Article 41 Article 25

Article 42 Article 26

Article 43 Article 28

Article 44(1), Article 29(1)

points (a), (b)
and (c)

Article 44(1)(d) Article 4(2)

Article 44(2) Article 38(2)

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Article 44(3) Article 29(2)

Article 44(4)

Article 44(5) Article 29(3)

Article 44(6) Article 38(5)

Article 45(1) Article 30

Article 45(2) Article 31(1)

Article 45(3) Article 31(2)

Article 45(4) Article 31(3)

Article 46 Article 32

Article 47 Article 33

Article 48 Article 34

Article 49(1) Article 36

Article 49(2) Article 35(1)

Article 49(3) Article 35(2)

Article 50 Article 37

Article 51(1) Article 4(1)

Article 51(2) Article 6(1)

Article 51(3) Article 6(2)

Article 51(4) Article 5

Article 51(5) Article 7

Article 52(1) Article 12(1)

Article 52(2) Article 12(2)

Article 52(3)

Article 53 Articles 52, 27

Article 54

Article 55 Article 3

Article 56 Article 4

Article 57(1), Article 5(1)

points (a) and (c) and (2)

Article 57(1),
points (b) and (d)

Article 57(2) Article 5(3)

Article 58, points Article 6

(a), (c), (d), (e)
and (f)

Article 58(b)
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Article 59 Article 7

Article 60(1) Article 8(2)

Article 60(2) Article 8(3)

Article 60(3)(a) Article 8(4)

and (5)

Article 60(3)(c) Article 8(6)

Article 60(3),
points (b), (d)
and (e)

Article 61 Article 9

Article 62 Article 10

Article 63(a) Article 11

Article 63, points

(b) to (f)

Article 64 Article 12

Article 65 Articles 43, 44

Article 66 Article 45

Article 67

Article 68 Article 47

Article 69 Article 51(1)

to (4)

Article 70 Article 5

Article 71 Article 6

Article 72

Article 73 Article 53

Article 74

Article 75

Article 76 Article 13

Article 77

Article 78

Article 79(1) Article 38(3)

Article 79(2)

Article 79(3)

Article 80 Article 31(1)

Article 81

Article 82

Article 83
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Article 84(1) Article 38(4)

Article 84(2)
and (3)

Article 85

Article 86 (1)

Article 86(2) Article 5(1)

Article 86(3) Article 4

Article 86(4) Article 6, point (d)

Article 87 Article 3(2)

Article 88 Article 3(3)

Article 89 Article 5(2)

Article 90 Article 5(3) and

(4)

Article 91(1) Article 6

Article 91(2) Article 7

Article 92(1)

Article 92(2) Article 9(3)

Article 92(3) Article 9(2)

Article 93

Article 94(1) Article 9(1)

Article 94(2) Article 9(4)

Article 95 Article 10

Article 96

Article 97 Article 50(1),

Article 49

Article 98 Article 50(2)

Article 99(1) Article 50(4)

Article 99(2) Article 51(5)

Article 99(3) Article 11

Article 100

Article 101

Article 102

Article 103

Article 104 Article 38(1) Article 13 Article 12

Article 46

Article 105
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Article 106 Article 12 Article 8 Article 55 Article 14 Article 16

Article 107 Article 56 Article 15

Article 108 Article 18

Article 109 Article 13 Article 9 Article 57 Article 16 Article 19

Annex I

Annex II Annex II

Annex III Annex I

Annex IV

Annex V

Annex VI

Annex VII Annex I

Annex VIII

Annex IX

Annex X Annexes I and II

Annex XI

Annex XII Annexes I and II

Annex XIII

Annex XIV Annex II

Annex XV Article 6

Annex XVI Article 7

Annex XVII

Annex XVIII

Annex XIX

Articles 8, 9, 10,
11

Article 14

Article 8(1)

Articles 5(5), 5(6),

14, 15, 17