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Expressions For Graphs

The document provides guidance on vocabulary for describing trends in data. It outlines words and phrases to use when something is increasing or decreasing, staying the same, fluctuating, or experiencing small or large changes. It also gives examples for describing low points, useful expressions for writing comments, and words for referring to different time periods, comparing data, and expressing levels like tops, bottoms, and stability.

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Asmaa Baghli
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29 views

Expressions For Graphs

The document provides guidance on vocabulary for describing trends in data. It outlines words and phrases to use when something is increasing or decreasing, staying the same, fluctuating, or experiencing small or large changes. It also gives examples for describing low points, useful expressions for writing comments, and words for referring to different time periods, comparing data, and expressing levels like tops, bottoms, and stability.

Uploaded by

Asmaa Baghli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Going Up

 rose
 increased
 went up
 grew

Going Down

 decreased
 fell
 dropped
 declined

No Change

 stayed the same


 remained constant
 levelled off
 stabilised

Up and Down

 fluctuated
 zig-zagged
 fluttered
 undulated

Small Changes - Adjectives / Adverbs

 gently
 gradually
 slightly
 steadily

Big Changes - Adverbs / Adjectives

 suddenly
 sharply
 dramatically
 steeply
 a lot

Low Points

 bottomed out
 reached a low

Useful expressions when writing a comment


Beginning: I would like to comment on (the problem of / the question whether) …

Giving an opinion:

 In my opinion / view To my mind I am sure / convinced that I think / believe / feel that I


am of the opinion that / It seems to me that The way I see it
Ordering:

 First of all / To start / begin with Firstly, … Secondly, … Finally, …In the first /
second … place At first …, but then …
To show cause and effect:
as a result, consequently, hence, due to, in view of, on account of, accordingly, for this reason,
therefore.
Adding:
In addition, …I’d like to add that …Another point is that …Furthermore …and, again, and
then, besides, equally important, finally, further, next, what is more, moreover, as well as, first
(second, etc.), not only . . . but
To give an example or an illustration:
For example, for instance, in this case, in another case, take the case of, to illustrate, as an
illustration, to take another example, namely, that is, as shown by, as illustrated by, as
expressed by
To repeat: as I have said/ in brief/ as I have noted /as suggested above /as has been noted

Emphasizing:
Definitely, extremely, indeed, absolutely, positively, obviously, naturally, always, never,
surprisingly, emphatically, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation
,perennially, forever.
Balancing (pros and cons)
On the one hand … on the other hand
Although …,
We mustn’t forget that …
Whereas …,
We have to remember that …
On the contrary …However …

Drawing a conclusion:
That’s why
For this reason / these reasons
Therefore
As a result
Consequently
It follows that
Taking everything into account
Thus
After quoting evidence you reach a conclusion:
The evidence seems to indicate that...
It must therefore be recognised that...
The indications are therefore that...
It is clear therefore that ...
Thus it could be concluded that...
The evidence seems to be strong that...
On this basis it may be inferred that...
Given this evidence, it can be seen that...
Summarizing:
- To sum up
-In short
-All in all
-I’d like to finish by saying …
-in brief 
-in short
-on the whole
-to conclude
-in conclusion
-as I have shown
-as I have said
Describing Graphs:

Starting your essay

The graph shows figures for…


This report describes…
As can be seen in the table/graph/pie chart,
According to the graph…
Spanning half a century from … to … is detailed in this report
The table shows the different ways in which …
As can be seen in the graph…
The graph and bar chart show the numbers of people who…
It shows the amount … and the total amount of …
The figures show that…
The (chart) gives information about sth in terms of the different levels of/
Reasons for/Categorized by gender/employment status
Categorized according to

Talking about time/ periods

Over a period of (2 years)


During this 5year period
From…..to…
.Between … and …
During --In ---Over--- The first--- The following---The next---The final---10 years
And subsequently—until --over this period----Since then + present perfect---Finally
And subsequently---After that---Then---And by 2000…
During the ’60s and ’70suntil the early/mid/late 1930s ….
In the meantime,
at which point there was a decline..
But following that there was a
During the following decade
Annually
Were first recorded
Increases and decreases

Decrease substantially
Have fallen significantly
Decreased dramatically
There has been a gradual decrease
Have shot up from approximately … and topped
There is a dramatic fall..
Rise steadily
Remain stable
Drop significantly
They experienced a dramatic increase…
Have gradually fallen…
There were some fluctuations…
There was a marked increase in the numbers of …
And has remained stable/constant
Which had a downturn of about …
The greatest proportional rises can be seen in the …
Increased threefold/fourfold …
There was a significant increase to … (number)
There was a gradual rise until … with a peak in … followed by a steady
Decline to just under …
Rose rapidly from … in …. to a plateau of around …in …between … and…
The number rose to …. Shot up to over …
Reaching a peak of … during the ’60s and ’70s but declined to around … in…
Visits to UK where double the number of visits abroad by UK residents
The figure almost doubled to around …
There was a steady fall in (the number)
After this there was a slight but steady decrease
Rose only slightly.. Reaching a plateau of around … from … to …
But following that saw a steady decline to around …
Experienced an upward/downward trend

Referring and Comparing


Whereas
In contrast to this
The second most favoured
The latter…
The trend for… is similar
The general trend is similar
They are between three and seven times more frequent…
The numbers of both kinds of … have risen, with … being the greater.
Apart from …
Except for…
Concerning the…
And by 2000 it was the second most popular when the figure almost doubled to around ……
…is the most popular……
Compared to…
In…. and in … the proportions are quite different.
In both theses cases about two thirds of
Experienced a rapid rise in the … reaching … and …, respectively by 2000.…
differs from the other … in that ……
is the greatest, followed by … with …
have shown different patterns

Tops and bottoms

… and topped at …
with a peak in …
They appear not to exist at all
Reaching a peak of
When it plunged
reach an all time low/high of
They reach a peak at…
when after hitting a peak of just under …
experienced a (similar) boom in
Are relatively few numbering a mere ( small number)

Stability

where/When it remained stable from … to …


When it reached a plateau of … during the ‘90s
appears to have remained fairly constant

Expressing reason: Due to - Because of- On account of

Generalizing

It seems that overall…


The average number..
1,2,3, all had high numbers/ percentages of
No other changes were recorded
All five
The five countries included are: …
In general, the total sth increased until …, at which point there was a
reduction in the … due to/ because of …
But the general trend was an increasing one.

Getting close to numbers

Approximately
Was just under/over…
In the region of …
Of/to around …
At…
Over three quarters/two thirds/ three fifths of …
Was almost double the amount of
Are relatively few numbering a mere ( small number)

Assumptions:
It is obvious/it is clear /it is apparent that
We can assume/we can predict/we can project that

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