Scribd
Upload
76 views22 pages

Principal Stresses Acting On Materials In2Dand3D

The document discusses stresses acting on materials in 2D and 3D. It covers several topics: 1) Simple axial stress - Normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane under uniaxial loading. The maximum shear stress acts on planes at 45 degrees. 2) Simple biaxial stress - Normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane under loading in two perpendicular directions. Maximum shear stress again occurs on planes at 45 degrees. 3) Mohr's stress circle - A graphical method to determine stresses on any plane from the principal stresses and shear stress. The relations form a circle on a shear stress vs. normal stress plot. 4) Examples of biaxial compression, tension

Uploaded by

Engr Aizaz Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
76 views22 pages

Principal Stresses Acting On Materials In2Dand3D

The document discusses stresses acting on materials in 2D and 3D. It covers several topics: 1) Simple axial stress - Normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane under uniaxial loading. The maximum shear stress acts on planes at 45 degrees. 2) Simple biaxial stress - Normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane under loading in two perpendicular directions. Maximum shear stress again occurs on planes at 45 degrees. 3) Mohr's stress circle - A graphical method to determine stresses on any plane from the principal stresses and shear stress. The relations form a circle on a shear stress vs. normal stress plot. 4) Examples of biaxial compression, tension

Uploaded by

Engr Aizaz Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

PRINCIPAL STRESSES

ACTING ON MATERIALS
In 2D and 3D
SIMPLE AXIAL STRESS – 2D

N = F cosq

T = F sinq

snq = F/A

The inclined plane has an area of A/cosq; the stress normal to the plane and shear stress along the
plane (in the direction of maximum inclination)are;

N cos q F
s nq   cos 2 q
A A

T cos q F
q   sin 2q
A 2A
The maximum normal stress (s) is F/A which acts on radial planes. The magnitude and direction of
maximum shear stress is extracted from the differentiation;

d q F
 cos 2q
dq A
The maximum value of shear stress is obtained by putting dq/dq=0;

cos 2q  0
q  45o (or135o )
F
 q max 
2A

Note: Maximum shear stress (qmax) acts on a plane with q=45˚ and
maximum normal stress (snqmax) acts on a plane with q=0 ˚.
Problem
A cylindrical rock sample is subjected to an axial compressive force of 5kN. The diameter of the
sample is 50 mm. Please determine;
a. Normal stress and shear stress on an inclined plane of 30˚.
b. Maximum shear stress
c. Inclination of planes on which the shear stress is half of maximum shear stress.

Solution
a. Unit area; A=πr2=1.96x10-3 m2
Normal stress; snq = (5 kN/1.96x10-3)cos230 = 1913 kPa
Shear stress; q= (5 kN/2x1.96x10-3)sin60 = 1105 kPa

b. Maximum Shear stress;


qmax= (F/2A) =(5 kN/2x1.96x10-3) = 1275 kPa

c. Maximum Shear stress;


1/2qmax= qmax sin2q; q=15˚ or 75˚
SIMPLE BIAXIAL STRESS – 2D
Consider a rectangular plate (a) of unit thickness with normal principal stresses s1 and s2. The shear
stresses along the edges are assumed to be zero. A square element of the plate is shown in 2D (b). The
normal and shear stresses acting on a plane inclined at an angle direction of the plane on which s1 acts
are found by considering forces acting on the triangular element (c).

Unit length along CD = l, normal stress for a plate of unit thickness

Fl=s1l

N1  s 1l cos q
T1  s 1l sin q
F2  s 2l tan q
N 2  s 2l tan q sin q
T2  s 2l tan q cos q
Forces in normal stress direction

s nq l secq  N1  N2
s nq  s1 cos2 q  s 2 sin 2 q

Forces in shear stress direction;

T1  T2  q / secq
1
 q  (s 1  s 2 )sin 2q
2
1
 q max  (s 1  s 2 )
2

Maximum shear stress on 45˚ plane;


s1
 q max  if (s 1  s 2 )
2
Problem

s 1  0.8MPa
and
s 1  4s 2

Solution
Maximum shear stress is on 45˚ plane; Shear stress is on 60˚ plane;

1 1
 q max  (s 1  s 2 )sin 2q  q  (s 1  s 2 )sin 2q
2 2

s 1  1.6MPa q  0.866MPa
and s 1  1.48MPa
s 2  0.4MPa and
s 2  0.37 MPa
MOHR STRESS CIRCLE
The graphical stress relations was discovered by Culmann (1866) and developed by Mohr (1882)
based on the equations given below

1  cos 2q 1 1
cos 2 q  s nq  (s z  s y )  (s z  s y ) cos 2q   zy sin 2q
2 2 2
1  cos 2q
sin 2 q   1 
2
1 
2
2
s nq  (s z  s y )    2
q   2 (s z  s y )    2
zy
2
sin 2 2q  cos2 2q  1

Which is the equation of a circle with radius “r” and with a center on “-s” plot

(s nq  s    2q  r 2
2

1
s (s z  s y )
2
and
1 
r 2   (s z  s y ) 2    2 zy
2 
Biaxial Compression-2D
Biaxial stresses are represented by a circle which plots in “+s” space, passing through s1 and s2 on
“=0” axis. Centre of circle is on “=0” axis at point “1/2(s1+s2)”.Radius of circle has the magnitude
of “1/2(s1-s2)” which represents “max”

Biaxial Tension-2D
The stress circle extends into both positive and negative “s” space. Center of circle is on “=0”
axis at point “1/2(s1+s2)”.Radius is “1/2(s1-s2)=max” which occurs at 45˚ to s1 direction.
Normal stress is zero in directions “±q” to the direction of s1;

s1  s 2
cos 2q  
s1  s 2
Biaxial Shear-2D

The stress circle has a radius of “zy” which is opposite to “yz”. Center of the circle is at “s=0; =0”.
Principal normal stresses “s1 and s2” are equal but opposite in sign which have magnitudes equal to
“zy”. The directions of principal normal stresses are at 45˚ in directions of “zy” and “yz”
General Considerations on Principal Stress Relations
Problem
A plane element is subjected to the stresses given below. Determine the principal stresses and
directions by Mohr’s circle.

The principal stresses are represented by points G and H. Since the coordinate of “C” is 40;
CD= (402+302)0.5 = 50
Minimum principal stress is
smin=OG=OG-CG=40-50=-10 Mpa

Maximum principal stress is


smax=OH=OC+CH=40+50=90 Mpa

The angle 2qp;


tan 2qp =30/40; qp =18.43
STRESS in 3D
In the body of a stressed material, 3D stresses at any point can be represented as if acting on a small
cubical element. The nine stresses in three Cartesian space are in form of a matrix “STRESS TENSOR”

You might also like