 (C) First pick every fourth sample of

1.1 The value of 
et (2t  2)dt , where
x[n] to generate v1[n], time-reverse
(t ) is the Dirac delta function, is v1[n] to obtain v2[n], and finally
advance v2[n] by 3 samples to
1 2
(A) (B) obtain y[n].
2e e
(D) First pick every fourth sample of
1 1 x[n] to generate v1[n], time-reverse
(C) (D)
e2 2e 2
v1[n] to obtain v2[n], and finally
1.2 Given a sequence x[n], to generate the delay v2[n] by 3 samples to obtain
sequence y[n]  x[3  4n], which one of y[n].
6

e
2 t
the following procedure would be 1.3 The value of the integral (t  1) dt
5
correct? is equal to ________.
(A) First delay x[n] by 3 samples to 1.4 Let (t ) denote the delta function. The

 3t 
generate z1[n], then pick every 4th value of the integral  (t ) cos  2  dt

is

sample of z1[n] to generate z2[n], (A) 1 (B) 1


(C) 0 (D)
and than finally time reverse z2[n] 2
1.5 Consider the sequence
to obtain y[n].
x[ n]   4  j 5 1  j 2 4 
(B) First advance x[n] by 3 samples to   
The conjugate antisymmetric part of the
generate z1[n], then pick every 4th sequence is
(A)  4  j 2.5 j 2 4  j 2.5 
sample of z1[n] to generate z2[n],
(B)   j 2.5 1 j 2.5
and then finally time reverse z2[n] (C)   j5 j 2 0
to obtain y[n]. (D)  4 1 4 
 
2 | Signals & Systems 
1.6 The function x(t ) is shown in the 1.10
figure. Even and odd parts of a unit-step
function u (t ) are respectively, 1
x(t )

1
t
0 T 2T
t
0
–1 (A) u (t )  u (t  T )  (t  T ) u (t  T )
T
(t  2T )
 u (t  2T )
1 1 1 1 T
(A) , x(t ) (B)  , x (t )
2 2 2 2 (B) u (t ) 
t t
u (t  T )  u (t  2T )
1 1 1 1 T u
(C) ,  x (t ) (D)  ,  x(t )
2 2 2 2 (C) u (t )  u (t  T )  (t  T ) u (t )  (t  2T ) u (t )
The Dirac delta function (t ) is defined
T T
1.7
(t  T ) (t  2T )
as (D) u (t )  u (t  T )  2 u (t  2T )
T T
1 t 0 1.11 A continuous-time system is described
(A) (t )  
0 otherwise
by y (t )  e
 x (t )
, where y(t ) is the output
 t 0 and x(t ) is the input. y(t ) is bounded
(B) (t )  
0 otherwise
(A) Only when x(t ) is bounded
1 t  0 
(C) (t )   and  (t )dt  1 (B) Only when x(t ) is non – negative
0 otherwise 
(C) Only for t  0 if x(t ) is bounded for
 t  0 
(D) (t )   and  (t )dt  1 t0
0 otherwise 
(D) Even when x(t ) is not bounded
1.8 A discrete-time signal x[n]  sin(2n), n 1.12 For a periodic signal
being an integer, is v(t )  30sin100t  10cos300t
(A) Periodic with period 
 
(B) Periodic with period 2  6sin  500t   ,
 4
(C) Periodic with period  / 2
(D) Not periodic the fundamental frequency in rad/s is
1.9 A continuous time function x(t ) is (A) 100 (B) 300
(C) 500 (D) 1500
periodic with period T. The function is
sampled uniformly with a sampling 1.13 Which of the following signals is/are
periodic?
period TS . In which one of the
(A) s(t )  cos2t  cos3t  cos5t
following cases is the sampled signal
periodic? (B) s(t )  exp( j8t )
(A) T  2TS (B) T  1.2 TS (C) s(t )  exp(7t )sin10t
(C) Always (D) Never (D) s(t )  cos2t cos4t

 
 Basics of Signals | 3 
1.14 The impulse train shown in the figure, 3. If the system is non-dynamic, then
represents the second derivative of a h(t ) is of the form A (t ), where
function f (t) . The value of f (t) is the constant A depends on the
system.
Of these statements
(A) 1 and 2 are correct
(B) 1 and 3 are correct
(C) 2 and 3 are correct
(A)  t u(t 1)  t u(t  2)  t u(t  3)
(D) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
 t u(t  4)  t u(t  5)  2t u(t  6)
 t u(t  7) 1.17 If f1 (t ) and f2 (t ) are duration-limited
signals such that
(B)  t u(t 1)  t u(t  2)  t u(t  3)
 t u(t  4)  t u(t  5) f1 (t )  0 for 1  t  3
0 elsewhere
(C) t u(t  3)  t u(t  4)  2t u(t  6)
f 2 (t )  0 for 5  t  7
(D) t u(t  1)  t u(t  2)  t u(t  3)
0 elsewhere
 t u(t  4)  t u(t  5)  2t u(t  6)
 t u(t  7) Then the convolution of f1 (t ) and f2 (t )

1.15 The system described by the difference is zero everywhere except for
equation (A) 1  t  7 (B) 3  t  5
y(n)  2 y (n 1)  y (n  2) (C) 5  t  21 (D) 6  t  10
 x(n)  x (n 1) has 1.18 Then impulse response of a causal,
y(n)  0 for n  0 . linear, time-invariant, continuous-time
If x(n)  (n), then y(2) will be system is h(t ) . The output y(t ) of the
(A) 2 (B) 1 same system to an input x(t ), where
(C) zero (D) – 1 x(t )  0 for t   2, is
1.16 Let h(t ) be the response of a linear t

system to a unit impulse (t ) . (A)  h() x(t  ) d 

0
Consider the following statements in
t
this regard :
1. If the system is causal, h(t )  0 for
(B)  h() x(t  ) d 
2

t  0. t 2

2. If the system is time-variable, then (C)  h() x(t  ) d 

2
the response of the system to an
input of (t  T ) is h(t  T ) for all t 2

values of the constant T.

(D)  h() x(t  ) d 
0

 
4 | Signals & Systems 
1.19 Match the List-I (Functions of f (t) ) 1.21 If a plot of signal x(t ) is as shown in the
with List-II (Characteristic of f (t) ) and figure.
select the correct answer using the codes
given below the lists :
List-I
A. f (t ) (1  u (t ))  0
df (t )
B. f (t )  K  0; K is positive
dt
Then the plot of the signal x (1  t ) will
constant
be
d 2 f (t ) (A)
C. f (t )  K  0; K is positive
dt 2
constant
D. f (t )( g (t )  g (0))  0; for any
arbitrary g (t )
List-II
1. Decaying exponential (B)
2. Growing exponential
3. Impulse
4. Causal
5. Sinusoid
Codes :
(C)
A B C D
(A) 4 1 5 3
(B) 1 4 5 3
(C) 4 2 5 1
(D) 2 5 4 1
1.20 Which one of the following pairs is
(D)
NOT correctly matched? (input x(t )
and output y(t ) ).
(A) Unstable system :
dy (t )
 0.1 y (t )  x (t )
dt
(B) Non-linear system : 1.22 The signal (1  M cos(4 t ))cos(2103 t )
dy (t )
 2t 2 y (t )  x(t ) contains the frequency components (in
dt Hz)
(C) Non-causal system : y(t )  x (t  2) (A) 998, 1000 and 1002
(D) Non-dynamic system : (B) 1000 and 2000
(C) dc, 2 and 1000
y(t )  3 x 2 (t ) (D) …, 996, 998, 1000, 1002, 1004

 
 Basics of Signals | 5 
1.23 Which one of the following input-output
relationships is that of a linear system?
(A)

Fig. (b)
The output of the system is zero
(B)
everywhere except for the time-interval
(A) 0  t  4 (B) 0  t  6
(C) 1  t  5 (D) 1  t  6
1.26 Consider the following statements
(C) regarding the fundamental component
f1 (t ) of an arbitrary periodic signal
f (t) :
It is possible for

(D) 1. The amplitude of f1 (t ) to exceed

the value of f (t) .
2. f1 (t ) to be identically zero for a
non-zero f (t) .

1.24 The period of the function 3. The effective value of f1 (t ) to

  exceed the effective value of f (t) .
cos  (t  1)  is
4  Which of these statements is/are
(A) 1/8 s (B) 8 s correct?
(C) 4 s (D) 1/4 s
(A) 1 alone (B) 1 and 2
1.25 Figure (a) and figure (b) show
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1 and 3
respectively the input x(t ) to a linear
1.27 The response of a linear, time-invariant,
time-invariant system and the impulse
discrete-time system to a unit step input
response h(t ) of the system.
u(n) is the unit impulse (n). The
system response to a ramp input nu(n)
would be
(A) u(n) (B) u(n 1)


Fig. (a)
(C) n (n) (D)  k ( n  k )
k 0

 
6 | Signals & Systems 
1.28 Match List-II (Equation connecting 1.30 The discrete-time signal x  n  is given
input x(n) and output y(n) ) with List-II as
(System category) and select the correct 1 n  1, 2
answer using the codes gives below : 
x (n)  1 n  1,  2
List-I 0 n  0 and n  2
y(n  2)  y(n  1)  y(n) 
A.
Which one of the following is the time
 2 x (n  1)  x(n) shifted signal y  n   x  n  3
B. n2 y 2 (n)  y(n)  x2 (n) 1, n  1,  2

C. y(n  1)  ny(n)  4n x(n) (A) y  n   1, n   4,  5
0, n   3n   5 and n  1
D. y(n  1)  y(n)  4 x(n) 

List-II 0, n  1,  2


(B) y  n   1, n   4,  5
1. Linear, time-variable, dynamic 1,
 n   3n   5 and n  1
2. Linear, time-invariant, dynamic
1, n  1,  2
3. Non-linear, time-variable, dynamic 
(C) y  n   0, n   4,  5
4. Non-linear, time-invariant, dynamic  1, n   3n   5 and n  1

5. Non-linear, time-variable, memory
less  1, n  1, 2

(D) y  n   1, n  4,5
Codes : 0, n  3n  5 and n  1

A B C D
(A) 3 5 2 1 1.31 The outputs of two systems S1 and S2
(B) 3 2 5 4 for the same input x  n   e j n are 1 and
(C) 2 3 5 1 (1)n , respectively. Which one of the
(D) 2 5 1 4 following statements is correct?
1.29 The unit sample response of a discrete (A) Both S1 and S2 are linear time
1 1 invariant (LTI) systems
system is 1 0 0 0..... . For an input
2 4
(B) S1 is LTI but S2 is not LTI
sequence 1 0 1 0 0 0….., what is the
output sequence? (C) S1 is not LTI but S2 is LTI
1 1 1 1 (D) Neither S1 nor S2 is LTI
(A) 1 0 0.....
2 4 2 4 1.32 The response of a liner, time-invariant
(B) 1 0
1
0 0..... system to a unit step is s(t )  (1  et / RC )
4
u(t ), where u(t ) is the unit step. What
1 5
(C) 2 0 0..... is the impulse response of this system?
2 4
(A) e t / RC (B) et / RC u(t )
1 5 1 1
(D) 1
2 4 2 4
0 0.....
 
(C) 1/RC et / RC u (t ) (D)  (t )

 
 Basics of Signals | 7 
1.33 What is the average power of periodic List-II
non-sinusoidal voltages and currents? n
1
1. x ( n)    u ( n)
(A) The average power of the 4
fundamental component alone 2. x( n)  x(n)
(B) The sum of the average powers of 3. x(t ) u(t )
the harmonics excluding the
4. x(n)  x(n  N )
fundamental
Codes :
(C) The sum of the average powers of
A B C D
the sinusoidal components including
(A) 2 3 4 1
the fundamental
(B) 1 3 4 2
(D) The sum of the root mean square (C) 2 4 3 1
power of the sinusoidal components (D) 1 4 3 2
including the fundamental 1.37 The natural response of an LTI system
1.34 What is the period of the sinusoidal described by the difference equation
signal x ( n )  5 cos  0.2  n  ? y(n) 1.5 y(n 1)  0.5 y(n  2)  x(n) is
(A) 10 (B) 5 (A) y(n)  0.5 u(n)  2(0.5)n u(n)
(B) y(n)  0.5 u(n)  (0.5) u(n)
n
(C) 1 (D) 0
The impulse response h  n  of an LTI (C) y(n)  2 u(n)  0.5(0.5) u(n)
n
1.35
(D) y(n)  2 u(n)  (0.5) u(n)
n
system is
h  n   u  n  3   u  n  2   2u  n  7  1.38 With the following equations the time-
invariant systems are
Then the system is
d 2 y(t ) d
1. Stable 2. Causal 1. 2
 2t y(t )  5 y(t )  x(t )
dt dt
3. Unstable 4. Not causal 2. y(t )  e2 x(t )
Which of these are correct? 2
d 
3. y(t )   x(t ) 
(A) 1 and 2 only (B) 2 and 3 only  dt 
(C) 3 and 4 only (D) 1 and 4 only d
4. y (t )  e 2t x(t ) 
1.36 Match List-I with List-II and select the dt
correct answer using the code given (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 4
below the Lists : (C) 2 and 3 (D) 3 and 4
1.39 The unit impulse response of a system is
List-I
 4et  6e2t . The step response of the
A. Even signal
same system for t  0 is Aet  Be2t  C ,
B. Causal signal
where A, B and C are respectively
C. Periodic signal (A) – 4, – 3 and 1 (B) 4, – 3 and – 1
D. Energy signal (C) – 4, – 3 and – 1 (D) 4, – 3 and 1

 
8 | Signals & Systems 
1.40 Consider a discrete time accumulator
n
system y (n)   x k 
k  
and the back-

ward difference system

y  n   x  n   x  n  1
where x  represents the input and y 
represents the output of the individual
systems.

When these two systems are cascaded as

in figure, the impulse response of
combined system with output z  n  is
(A) Unit impulse sequence
(B) Unit step sequence
(C) Unit step sequence
(D) None of the above

 
 Basics of Signals | 9 
Answer Key : Basics of Signals
1
1.1 A 1.2 B 1.3 1.4 A 1.5 A
e2
1.6 A 1.7 D 1.8 D 1.9 B 1.10 A
1.11 D 1.12 A 1.13 A, B, C 1.14 A 1.15 B
1.16 B 1.17 D 1.18 D 1.19 A 1.20 B
1.21 A 1.22 A 1.23 D 1.24 B 1.25 B
1.26 A 1.27 B 1.28 D 1.29 D 1.30 A
1.31 C 1.32 C 1.33 D 1.34 A 1.35 D
1.36 A 1.37 D 1.38 C 1.39 B 1.40 A



 
 
 
 

2.1 A system with an input x(t ) and output (A) y (t )  x(t  2)  x(t  4)
y (t ) is described by the relation : (B) y (t )  (t  4) x(t  1)
y (t )  t x(t ) . This system is (C) y (t )  (t  4) x(t  1)
(A) Linear and time-invariant (D) y (t )  (t  5) x(t  5)
(B) Linear and time varying 2.4 A system with input x[ n] and output
(C) Non-linear and time-invariant y[n] is given as
(D) Non-linear and time-varying
 5 
2.2 Let P be linearity, Q be time-invariance, y[ n]   sin n  x ( n )
 6 
R be causality and S be stability. A
The system is
discrete-time system has the input-
(A) Linear, stable and invertible
output relationship,
(B) Non-linear, stable and non-invertible
 x(n), n 1
 (C) Linear, stable and non-invertible
y ( n)   0, n0
 x(n  1), n  1 (D) Linear, unstable and invertible

2.5 Consider a single input single output
Where x(n) is the input and y (n) is the
discrete-time system with x[ n] as input
output. The above system has the
and y[n] as output, where the two are
properties
related as
(A) P, S but not Q, R
 n x[n] , for 0  n  10
(B) P, Q, S but not R y[n]  
(C) P, Q, R, S  x[n]  x[n  1], Otherwise

(D) Q, R, S but not P Which one of the following statements

is true about the system?
2.3 The input and output of a continuous
time system are respectively denoted (A) It is causal and stable
x(t ) and y (t ) . Which of the following (B) It is causal but not stable
descriptions corresponds to a casual (C) It is not causal but stable
system? (D) It is neither causal not stable

 
2 | Signals & Systems 
2.6 The input x(t ) and the output y (t ) of a The system will be
continuous time system are related as (A) Causal, time-invariant and unstable
t
(B) Causal, time-invariant and stable
y (t )   x(u ) du
t T (C) Non-causal, time-invariant and
The system is unstable
(A) Linear and time-variant (D) Non-causal, time-variant and unstable
(B) Linear and time-invariant
2.10 The system represented by the input-
(C) Non-linear and time-variant
output relationship
(D) Non-linear and time-invariant
5t
2.7 Consider the system with following y (t )   x() d , t  0 is
input-output relation y[n]  (1  (1)n ) 

x[ n] , where x[ n] is the input and y[n] (A) Linear and causal

is the output. The system is (B) Linear but not causal
(A) Invertible and time invariant (C) Causal but not linear
(B) Invertible and time varying
(D) Neither linear nor causal
(C) Non-invertible and time invariant
2.11 A cascade of 3 linear time invariant
(D) Non-invertible and time varying
2.8 The impulse response of a causal linear systems is causal and unstable. From
time-invariant system is given as h(t ) . this, we conclude that
Now consider the following two (A) Each system in the cascade is
statements : individually
Statement (I) : Principle of (B) Al least one system is unstable and
superposition holds at least one system is causal
Statement (II) : h(t )  0 for t  0 . (C) At least one system is causal and all
Which one of the following statements systems are unstable
is correct ?
(D) The majority are unstable and the
(A) Statement (I) is correct and
majority are causal
statement (II) is wrong.
(B) Statement (II) is correct and 2.12 The input x(t ) and output y (t ) of a
statement (I) is wrong. system are related as
(C) Both statement (I) and Statement t

(II) are wrong. y (t )   x()cos(3) d  .


(D) Both statement (I) and statement
(II) are correct. The system is
2.9 A system with x(t ) and output y (t ) is (A) Time-invariant and stable
defined by the input – output relation : (B) Stable and not time-invariant
2 t
(C) Time-invariant and not stable
y (t )   x(t ) d 
 (D) Not time-invariant and not stable

 
 Types of Systems | 3 
2.13 Consider a continuous-time system with
input x(t ) and output y (t ) given by
y (t )  x(t ) cos(t )
This system is
(A) Linear and time-invariant
(B) Non-linear and time-invariant
(C) Linear and time-varying
(D) Non-linear and time-varying
2.14 Let x(t ) be the input and y (t ) be the
output of a continuous time system.
Match the system properties P1 , P2 and
P3 with system relations R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 .
Properties
P1 : Linear but NOT time-invariant
P2 : Time-invariant but NOT linear
P3 : Linear and time-invariant
Relations
R1 : y (t )  t 2 x (t )
R2 : y (t )  t x(t )
R3 : y (t )  x(t )
R4 : y (t )  x(t  5)
(A) ( P1 , R1 ), ( P2 , R3 ), ( P3 , R4 )
(B) ( P1 , R2 ), ( P2 , R3 ), ( P3 , R4 )
(C) ( P1 , R3 ), ( P2 , R1 ), ( P3 , R2 )
(D) ( P1 , R1 ), ( P2 , R2 ), ( P3 , R3 )
2.15 An excitation is applied to a system at
t  T and its response is zero for
  t  T . Such a system is a
(A) Non-causal system
(B) Stable system
(C) Causal system
(D) Unstable system

 
4 | Signals & Systems 

Answer Key : Types of Systems

2.1 B 2.2 A 2.3 C 2.4 C 2.5 A
2.6 B 2.7 D 2.8 D 2.9 D 2.10 B
2.11 B 2.12 D 2.13 C 2.14 A 2.15 C



 
 
 
 

3.1 Which of the following can be impulse 3.3 The sequence x[n]  0.5n u[n] is the unit
response of a causal system? step sequence, is convolved with itself
h(t ) to obtain y[ n ] . Then


 y[n] is ________.
(A) n 

3.4 The result of the convolution

t
x(t ) * (t  t0 ) is
h(t ) (A) x(t  t0 ) (B) x(t  t0 )
(C) x(t  t0 ) (D) x(t  t0 )
(B) 3.5 The impulse response of an LTI system
t can be obtained by
(A) Differentiating the unit ramp response
h(t )
(B) Differentiating the unit step response
(C) Integrating the unit ramp response
(C) (D) Integrating the unit step response
sin(t ) sin(t )
t 3.6 If the signal x(t )  * with *
t t
h(t ) denoting the convolution operation, then
x(t ) is equal to
sin(t ) sin(2t )
(D) (A) (B)
t 2t
t 2
2sin(t )  sin(t ) 
(C) (D)  
3.2 Convolution of x (t  5) with impulse t  t 
function (t  7) is equal to 3.7 Let s(t ) be the step response of a linear
system with zero initial conditions. Then
(A) x(t  12) (B) x(t  12)
the response of this system to an input
(C) x (t  2) (D) x (t  2) u (t ) is

 
2 | Signals & Systems 
t
3.10 Given the finite length input x[ n] and
(A)  s (t   ) u (  ) d 
0
the corresponding finite length output
y[ n ] of an LTI system as shown below,
d  
t

(B)   s(t  ) u () d  the impulse response h[ n] of the system

dt  0  is
t
 t

(C)  s(t  )   u()
0 0
1 d 1  d 
 x[n] = {1, –1}
h[n]
y[n] = {1, 0, 0, 0, -1}
­ ­
t

 s (t  ) u ( ) d 
2
(D)
(A) h[ n]  {1, 0, 0, 1}
0

3.8 A signal x(t )  sin c(t ) where  is a 

(B) h[n]  {1, 0, 1}
 sin(x ) 
real constant  sin c ( x )   is the
 x  
input to a linear time invariant system (C) h[ n]  {1, 1, 1, 1}
whose impulse response h(t )  sin c(t ), 
where  is a real constant. If min (, ) (D) h[ n]  {1, 1, 1}
denotes the maximum of  and  , and 
similarly max (, ) denotes the 3.11 Let y[ n ] denote the convolution of h[ n]
maximum of  and  , and K is a and g[n] , where h[n]  (1/ 2) n u[n] and
constant, which one of the following g[n] is a causal sequence. If y[0]  1
statements is true about the output of the and y[1]  1/ 2 , then g[1] equals
system ?
(A) 0 (B) 1/2
(A) It will be of the form K sin c( t )
(C) 1 (D) 3/2
where   min(, ) .
3.12 Let z (t )  x(t ) * y (t ) , where “*” denoted
(B) It will be of the K sin c( t ) where convolution. Let c be a positive real –
  max(, ) . valued constant. Choose the correct
(C) It will be of the from K sin c(t ) . expression for z (ct ) .
(D) It cannot be a sin c type of signal. (A) c  x(ct ) * y (ct )
3.9 If u (t ), r (t ) denote the unit step and unit (B) x(ct ) * y (ct )
ramp functions respectively and (C) c  x (t ) * y (ct )
u (t )* r (t ) their convolution, then the (D) c  x (ct ) * y (t )
function u (t  1) * r (t  2) is given by 3.13 The impulse response of a continuous
(A) (1/ 2)(t  1)(t  2) time system is given by
(B) (1/ 2)(t  1)(t  2) h(t )  (t  1)  (t  3) .
The value of the step response at t  2 is
(C) (1/ 2)(t  1) 2 u (t  1)
(A) 0 (B) 1
(D) None of the above
(C) 2 (D) 3
 
 Convolution | 3 
3.14 Two systems with impulse responses This system is stable if
h1 (t ) and h2 (t ) are connected in (A)  is positive and  id positive
cascade. Then the overall impulse (B)  is negative and  is negative
response of the cascaded system is given (C)  is positive and  is negative
by (D)  is negative and  is positive
(A) Product of h1 (t ) and h2 (t ) 3.19 Let u (t ) be the step function. Which of
(B) Sum of h1 (t ) and h2 (t ) the waveforms in the figure corresponds
to the convolution of u (t )  u (t  1) with
(C) Convolution of h1 (t ) and h2 (t )
u (t )  u (t  2) ?
(D) Subtraction of h2 (t ) from h1 (t ) 1
3.15 Two discrete-time signals x[ n] and
h[ n] are both non-zero only for
(A)
n  0, 1, 2 and are zero otherwise. It is
given that 0 1 2
x[0]  1, x[1]  2, x[2]  1, h[0]  1 . t
1
Let y[ n ] be the linear convolution of
x[ n] and h[ n] . Given that y[1]  3 and
y[2]  4 , the value of the expression (B)
10 y[3]  y[4] is ________.
0 1 2 3
3.16 Consider a discrete – time signal t
1 1.5
n for 0  0  10
x[n]  
0 Otherwise (C)
If y[ n ] is the convolution of x[ n] with
itself, the value of y[4] is ________. t
0 1.5 2 3
3.17 A system is defined by its impulse 1
response h(n)  2n u (n  2) . The system
(D)
is
(A) Stable and causal
t
(B) Causal but not stable 0 1 3
(C) Stable but not causal 3.20 The impulse response h[ n] of a linear
(D) Unstable and non-causal time-invariant system is given by
3.18 The impulse response h(t ) of a linear h[n]  u[n  3]  u[n  2]  2u[n  7]
time-invariant continuous time system is Where u[ n] is the unit step sequence.
described by The above system is
h(t )  exp(t ) u (t )  exp( t ) u (t ) , (A) Stable but not causal
(B) Stable and causal
where u (t ) denotes the unit step
(C) Causal but unstable
function and  and  are real constants. (D) Unstable and not causal

 
4 | Signals & Systems 
3.21 A continuous, linear time-invariant filter The step response of the same system
has an impulse response h(t ) described for t  0 is equal to
by (A) 3e 2t  4e  t  1
3 for 0  t  3 (B) 3e 2t  4e  t  1
h(t )  
0 Otherwise (C) 3e 2t  4e  t  1
When a constant input of value 5 is (D) 3e 2t  4e  t  1
applied to this filter, the steady state
output is ________.
3.22 Consider an LTI system with impulse
response h(t )  e5t u (t ) . If the output of
the system is y (t )  e 3t u (t )  e5t u (t )
then the input, x(t ) is given by
(A) e3t u (t ) (B) 2 e3t u (t )
(C) e5t u (t ) (D) 2 e5t u (t )
3.23 x(t ) is non-zero only for Tx  t  Tx ' ,
and similarly, y (t ) is non-zero only for
Ty  t  Ty ' . Let z (t ) be convolution of
x(t ) and y (t ). Which one of the following
statements is TRUE ?
(A) z (t ) can be non-zero over an
unbounded interval.
(B) z (t ) is non-zero for t  Tx  Ty
(C) z (t ) is zero outside of Tx  Ty 
Tx ' Ty '
(D) z (t ) is non-zero for t  Tx ' Ty ' .
3.24 Given two continuous time signals
x(t )  e t and y (t )  e 2t which exist for
t  0 , the convolution z (t )  x(t ) * y (t )
is
(A) e  t  e 2t (B) e3t
(C) e  t (D) e  t  e 2t
3.25 The unit impulse response of a system is
given as
c(t )  4et  6e2t

 
 Convolution | 5 

Answer Key : Convolution

3.1 B 3.2 C 3.3 4 3.4 D 3.5 B
3.6 A 3.7 B 3.8 A 3.9 C 3.10 C
3.11 A 3.12 A 3.13 B 3.14 C 3.15 31
3.16 10 3.17 B 3.18 D 3.19 B 3.20 A
3.21 45 3.22 B 3.23 C 3.24 A 3.25 B



 
 
 
 

4.1 Choose the function f (t ),    t   , 4.4 The trigonometric Fourier series of an

for which a Fourier series cannot be even function of time does not have
defined. (A) The dc term
(A) 3sin(25t ) (B) cosine terms
(B) 4cos(20t  3)  2sin(710t ) (C) sine terms

(C) exp   t  sin(25t )

(D) Odd harmonic terms
4.5 The Fourier series for the function
(D) 1
f ( x)  sin 2 x is
4.2 Which of the following cannot be the
Fourier series expansion of a periodic (A) sin x  sin 2 x
signal? (B) 1  cos 2x
(A) x(t )  2cos t  3cos3t (C) sin 2 x  cos 2 x

(B) x(t )  2cos t  7cos t (D) 0.5  0.5 cos 2x

(C) x(t )  cos t  0.5 4.6 A periodic rectangular signal, x(t ) has
the waveform as shown in figure.
(D) x(t )  2cos1.5t  sin3.5t
Frequency of the fifth harmonic of its
4.3 A periodic signal x(t ) of period T0 is spectrum is
given by x(t )
1, t  T1

x (t )   T0
0, T1  t 
 2 t (ms)
-4 -2 0 2 4
The dc component of x(t ) is
T1 T1
(A) (B)
T0 (2T0 )
2T1 T0 (A) 40 Hz (B) 200 Hz
(C) (D)
T0 T1 (C) 250 Hz (D) 1250 Hz

 
2 | Signals & Systems 
4.7 The Fourier expansion : 4.10 Let v be a real, periodic function
 satisfying f ( x)   f ( x) . The general
f (t )  a0   an cos nt  bn sin nt
n 1 form of its Fourier series representation
of the periodic signal shown below will would be
contain the following non zero terms : 
(A) f ( x)  a0   ak cos(k x)
f (t ) k 1


(B) f ( x)   bk sin(k x)
t k 1
0

(C) f ( x)  a0   a2 k cos(k x)
(A) a0 and bn , n  1, 3, 5,.... k 1

(B) a0 and an , n  1, 2, 3,.... 

(D) f ( x)   a2 k 1ain(2k  1) x
(C) a0 , an and bn , n  1, 2, 3,.... k 1

4.11 The Fourier series expansion of a real

(D) a0 and an , n  1, 3, 5,....
periodic signal with fundamental
4.8 Let x(t ) be a periodic signal with time frequency f 0 is given by
period T, let y(t )  x(t  t0 )  x(t  t0 ) 

for some t0 . g p (t )  ce

n 
n
j 2 nf 0t

The Fourier Series coefficients of y(t )

It is given that c3  3  j5 . Then c3 is
are denoted by bK . If bK  0 for all odd
(A) 5  j3 (B) 3  j5
K. Then t0 can be equal to
(C) 5  j3 (C) 3  j5
T T
(A) (B) 4.12 The magnitude and phase of the
8 4
T complex Fourier series coefficient ak of
(C) (D) 2T
2 a periodic signal x(t ) are shown in the
4.9 The signum function is given by figure. Choose the correct statement
x from then four choices given. Notation :
 , x0 C is the set of complex number, R is the
sgn( x )   x
 0, x0
set of purely real numbers and P is the
 set pf purely imaginary numbers.
The Fourier Series expansion of
ak
sgn (cos(t )) has
(A) Only sine terms with all harmonics 3 3
(B) Only cosine terms with al harmonics 2 2
(C) Only sine terms with even numbered 1
harmonics k
(D) Only cosine terms with odd –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
numbered harmonics

 
 Continuous & Discrete Time FS | 3 
Ðak By putting x   in the above, one can
deduce that the sum of the series
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1
k 1  2  2  2  ..... is
0 3 5 7
4.16 Let x(t ) be a continuous time periodic
-p signal with fundamental period T  1
(A) x(t )  R seconds. Let {ak } be the complex
(B) x(t )  P Fourier series coefficients of x(t ) where
(C) x(t )  (C  R) k is integer valued. Consider the
(D) The information given is not following statements about x(3t ) :
sufficient to draw any conclusion I. The complex Fourier series
about x(t ) coefficients of x(3t ) are {ak }
4.13 The Fourier series representation of an where k is integer valued.
impulse train denoted by II. The complex Fourier series

coefficients of x(3t ) are {3ak }
s (t )   (t  nT ) is given by
n 
0
where k is integer valued.
1 
j 2 nt III. The fundamental angular frequency
(A)
T0
 exp 
n  T0 of x(3t )  is 6  rad/s .
1 
j nt For the three statements above, which
(B)
T0
 exp
n  T0 one of the following is correct?
(A) Only II and III are true
1 
j nt
(C)
T0
 exp
n  T0
(B) Only I and III are true
(C) Only III is true
1 
j 2nt
(D)
T0
 exp T0
(D) Only I is true
n  4.17 A periodic signal x(t ) has a
4.14 The Fourier series of an odd periodic trigonometric Fourier series expansion
function, contains only 

(A) Odd harmonics x(t )  a0   (an cos n0t  bn sin n0t ) .

n 1
(B) Even harmonics
If x(t )   x(t )   x(t   / 0 ) , we can
(C) cosine terms
(D) sine terms conclude that
4.15 Fourier series of the periodic function (A) an are zero for all n and bn are zero
(period 2 ) defined by for n even
0,   x0 (B) an  are zero for all n and bn are zero
f ( x)   is
 x, 0  x     for n odd
 1  (C) an  are zero for n even and bn are
 cos  n   1
2  
 
n

zero for n odd
.
4 1 
cos  nx   cos  n  sin  nx  
1 (D) an are zero for n odd and bn are
 n  zero for n even

 
4 | Signals & Systems 
4.18 One period (0, T) each of two periodic
waveforms W1 and W2 are shown in the +1

figure. The magnitudes of the nth

t
Fourier series coefficients of W1  and 0 T /2 T

W2 , for n  1 , n odd, are respectively

proportional to -1
1 1
W1 W2
(A) 0 (B) 1
2
T /2 T T (C) (D) 5
0 0 T /2 
4.21 A signal x(t ) is given by
-1 -1  T 3T
1, t 
3 2 2 3 4 4
(A) n and n (B) n and n x(t )  
1, 3T  t  7T  x(t  T )
1
(C) n and n
2
(D) n
4
and n
2
 4 4
4.19 Let the signal Which among the following gives the
 fundamental Fourier term of x(t ) ?
 k 
x(t )   (1)
t  k

 2000   
 4  t  
k  (A) cos   
be passed through an LTI system with   T 4
  frequency response H () , as given in 4  t  
(B) cos   
the figure below.   2T 4 
H (w) 4  t  
(C) sin   
  T 4
1 4  t  
(D) sin   
  2T 4 
w 4.22 x(t ) is a real valued function of a real
- 5000 p 5000 p
variable with period T. Its trigonometric
The Fourier series representation of the Fourier Series expansion contains no
output is given as (2k )
4000  4000 cos(2000 t ) terms of frequency   2 , k  1, 2,...
T
(A)
 4000 cos(4000 t ) also, no sine terms are present. Then
2000  2000 cos(2000 t ) x(t ) satisfies the equation
(B)
 2000 cos(4000 t ) (A) x(t )   x(t  T )
(C) 4000cos(2000 t ) (B) x(t )  x(T  t )   x(t )
(D) 2000cos(2000 t )  T
(C) x(t )  x(T  t )   x  t  
4.20 The second harmonic component of the  2
periodic waveform given in the figure  T
(D) x(t )  x (t  T )  x  t  
has an amplitude of  2

 
 Continuous & Discrete Time FS | 5 
4.23 Fourier series for the waveform, f (t )
shown in figure is
f (t )

-1 1 2 3
t
0    
(A) cos  2t    0.75 cos  6t  
 4  2
-1
 
8  1 1   0.1cos 10t   .....
(A)
2 sin( t )  9 sin(3t )  25 sin(5t )  ....  6
  
(B)  t   t 
(B) cos     0.75cos   
   2 4   6 2 
8  1 1 
sin( t )  cos(3t )  sin(5t )  ....  t 
 2  9 25    0.1cos   
 10 6 
8  1 1 
(C) cos( t )  cos(3t )  cos(5t )  ....
 2  9 25      1
    (C) cos  2t    0.75cos  6t   
(D)  4  2 3
 
  1
8  1 1   0.1cos 10t   
2  cos( t )  9 sin(3t )  25 sin(5t )  ....  6 6
  

 n     
4.24 Let x[n]  1  cos   be a periodic (D)  cos  2t    0.75cos  6t  
 8   4  2
signal with period 16. Its DFS  
 0.1cos 10t  
coefficients are defined by  6
1 15    
ak  
16 n 0
x[n]exp   j kn 
 8  
4.26 The impulse response of a first order
system is Ke2t . If the input signal is
for all k. The value of the coefficient a31
sin 2t , then the steady state response
  is ________.
will be given by
4.25 The amplitude and phase spectra for the
K  
few harmonics of a periodic signal, (A) sin  2t  
f (t ) of time period 1 sec are shown in 2 2  4
the figure, below. The function f (t ) is 1
(B) sin 2t
4
K  
(C) sin  2t  
2 2  4
1  
(D) sin  2t    Ke2t
2 2  4

 
6 | Signals & Systems 
4.27 The amplitude of the first odd harmonic List-II
of the square wave shown in the figure 1. Even harmonics can exist.
is equal to 2. Odd harmonics can exist.
3. The dc and cosine terms can exist.
4. sine terms can exist.
5. cosine terms of even harmonics can
exist.
Codes :
4V 2V A B C D
(A) (B)
 3 (A) 4 5 3 1
V (B) 3 4 1 2
(C) (D) 0
 (C) 5 4 2 3
4.28 A periodic triangular wave is shown in (D) 4 3 2 1
the figure. Its Fourier components will 4.30 Match List-I with List-II and select the
consist only of correct answer using the codes given
below the Lists :
List-I
A. f (t )   f (t )

B. C
n  
n e jn 0t


(A) all cosine terms
(B) all sine terms
C. 

f (t ) e  jt dt

(C) odd cosine terms t

(D) odd sine terms

D.  f () f (t  ) d 
0
1 2

4.29 Match List-I (Properties) with List-II List-II

(Characteristics of the trigonometric 1. Exponential form of Fourier series
form) in regard to Fourier series of 2. Fourier transform
periodic signal f (t ) and select the 3. Convolution integral
correct answer using the codes given 4. z-transform
below the Lists : 5. Odd function wave symmetry
List-I Codes :
A. f (t )  f ( t )  0 A B C D
(A) 5 1 2 3
B. f (t )  f ( t )  0
(B) 2 1 5 3
C. f (t )  f (t  T /2)  0 (C) 5 4 2 1
D. f (t )  f (t  T /2)  0 (D) 4 5 1 2

 
 Continuous & Discrete Time FS | 7 
4.31 Consider the following statements List-II
related to Fourier series of a periodic 1. Only even harmonics are present
waveform : 2. Impulse train with strength 1/T
1. It expresses the given periodic 1 1
3. 3  ; 3   ;
waveform as a combination of d.c. 4j 4j
component, sine and cosine 1 1
waveforms of different harmonics 1   ; 1 
4j 4j
frequencies.
4. Only odd harmonics are present
2. The amplitude spectrum is discreet.
5. Both even and odd harmonics are
3. The evaluation of Fourier present
coefficients gets simplified if Codes :
waveform symmetries are used
A B C D
4. The amplitude spectrum is (A) 5 2 3 4
continuous which of the above
(B) 2 1 4 3
statements are correct?
(C) 5 2 4 3
(A) 1, 2 and 4 (B) 2, 3 and 4
(D) 2 1 3 4
(C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 3 4.33 Which one of the following is a
4.32 Match List-I (Nature of periodic Dirichlet condition?
function) with List-II (Properties of 

spectrum function) and select the correct (A)  x(t )  

t1
answer using the codes given below the
Lists : (B) signal x(t ) must have a finite

List-I number of maxima in the expansion

interval
A. Impulse train
(C) x(t ) can have an infinite number of
finite discontinuities in the
expansion interval

B. Full-wave rectified sine function (D) x2 (t ) must be absolutely summable

 t   4t  4.34 A waveform is given by

C. sin    cos   v(t )  10sin 2 100t .
 6   6 
D. What will be the magnitude of the
second harmonic in its Fourier series
representation?
(A) 0 V (B) 20 V
(C) 100 V (D) 200 V

 
8 | Signals & Systems 
4.35 An ideal low-pass filter has a cutoff
frequency of 100 Hz. If the input to the
filter in volts is v(t )  30 2 sin1256 t ,
the magnitude of the output of the filter
will be
(A) 0 V (B) 20 V
(C) 100 V (D) 200 V
4.36 The Fourier series of a periodic function
X T (t ) with a period T is given by



k  
X s ( k ) e jk 0t , where 0  2/T

and the Fourier coefficient X s (k ) is

defined as,
1
X s (k ) 
T  X T (t ) e jk 0t dt

If X T (t ) is real and odd, the Fourier

coefficients X s (k ) are
(A) Real and odd (B) Complex
(C) Real (D) Imaginary

 
 Continuous & Discrete Time FS | 9 

Answer Key : Continuous & Discrete Time FS

4.1 C 4.2 B 4.3 C 4.4 C 4.5 D
4.6 D 4.7 D 4.8 B 4.9 D 4.10 B
 2 
4.11 D 4.12 A 4.13 D 4.14 D 4.15  
 8 
4.16 B 4.17 A 4.18 C 4.19 C 4.20 A
4.21 A 4.22 C 4.23 C 4.24 0.5 4.25 A
4.26 C 4.27 A 4.28 D 4.29 D 4.30 A
4.31 D 4.32 D 4.33 B 4.34 A 4.35 A
4.36 D



 
 
 
 

5.1 A differentiable non constant even 5.4 A signal is represented by

function x(t ) has a derivative y (t ) and 1 t  1
x (t )  
their respective Fourier Transforms are 0 t  1
X () and Y () . Which of the following
The Fourier transform of the convolved
statements is TRUE?
t
(A) X () and Y () are both real signal y (t )  x (2t ) * x   is
2
(B) X () is real and Y () is imaginary 4 
(A) sin   sin(2)
(C) X () and Y () are both imaginary  2
2
(D) X () is imaginary and Y () is real 4  
(B) sin  
5.2 The value of the integral  2
2

 sin 2t  4
sin(2)
2   dt is equal to
(C)
2
 
t 
4
(A) 0 (B) 0.5 (D) 2 sin 2 

(C) 1 (D) 2
5.5 Let x(t ) be the input to a linear, time-
5.3 A function f (t ) is shown in the figure.
invariant system. The required output is
f (t ) 4 x(t  2) . The transfer function of the
1 system should be
2
(A) 4e j 4 f (B) 2e  j 8 f
- T /2
0
t (C) 4e  j 4 f (D) 2e j 8 f
- T /2
5.6 The Fourier transform of a function x(t )
1
- is X ( f ).  The Fourier transform of
2
dx(t )
The Fourier transform F () of f (t ) is will be
dt
(A) Real and even function of  dX ( f )
(B) Real and odd function of  (A) (B) j 2fX ( f )
dt  
(C) Imaginary and odd function of  X(f )
(C) jfX ( f ) (D)
(D) Imaginary and even function of  jf

 
2 | Signals & Systems 
5.7 The Fourier transform of a real valued 5.12 A Fourier transform pair is given by
time signal has n  j 6 f
2 Ae
  u[n  3]  
F .T .
(A) Odd symmetry 2
3 1    e  j 2 f
(B) Even symmetry
3
(C) Conjugate symmetry When u[ n] denotes the unit step
(D) No symmetry
sequence. The values of A is ________.
5.8 If G ( f ) represents the Fourier transform 5.13 The Fourier transform of a signal h(t )  is
of a signal g (t ) which is real and odd h( j)  (2 cos )(sin 2) /  . The value
symmetric in time, then of h(0) is
(A) G ( f ) is complex (A) 1/4 (B) 1/2
(B) G ( f ) is imaginary (C) 1 (D) 2
(C) G ( f ) is real 5.14 For a signal x(t ) the Fourier transform
(D) G ( f ) is real and non-negative is X ( f ) . Then the inverse transform of
X (3 f  2) is given by
5.9 The Fourier transform F {e  t u (t )} is
1 t
1 (A) x   e j 3 t  
equal to . Therefore, 2 2
1  j 2f
1 t
 1  (B) x   e  j 4 t /3
F  is 3 3
1  j 2t  (C) 3x(3t )e j 4 t
(A) e f u ( f ) (B) e f u ( f ) (D) x(3t  2)
(C) e f u ( f ) (D) e f u ( f ) 5.15 Let x(t ) and y (t ) (with Fourier
5.10 The Fourier transform of a conjugate transforms X ( f ) and Y ( f )  respectively)
symmetric function is always be related as shown in the figure. Then
(A) Imaginary Y ( f ) is
(B) Conjugate antisymmetric x(t )
(C) Real 1 y (t )
(D) Conjugate symmetric
5.11 A real-valued signal x(t ) limited to the t -2 -1 0 t
W -2 0 2
frequency band f  is passed through
2
a linear time invariant system whose -1

frequency response is 1  f   j 2 f
(A)  X  e  
  j 4 f W 2 2
e , f 
2 1  f 
H( f )   (B)  X   e j 2 f
 0, W 2 2
f 
 2  f 
(C)  X   e j 2 f
The output of the system is 2
(A) x (t  4) (B) x (t  4)  f 
(D)  X   e  j 2 f
(C) x (t  2) (D) x (t  2) 2

 
 Continuous & Discrete Time FT | 3 
5.16 Let x(t )  X ( j) be Fourier transform 5.20 Suppose the maximum frequency in a
pair. The Fourier transform of the signal band-limited signal x(t ) is 5 kHz. Then,
x(5t  3) in terms of X ( j) is given as the maximum frequency in
1  j53  j  x(t ) cos(2000 t ) , in kHz, is ________.
(A) e X  5.21 The Fourier transform of the function
5  5 
sgn (t ) defined in the figure is
1 j 35  j 
(B) e X  
5  5 
1  j 
(C) e  j 3 X  
5  5 
1  j 
(D) e j 3 X  
5  5  2 4
(A)  (B)
5.17 A continuous time signal j j
x(t )  4 cos(200t )  8cos(400t ) , 2 1
(C) (D) 1
where t is in seconds, is the input to a j j
linear time invariant (LTI) filter with the 5.22 The Fourier transform of v(t )  cos 0t
impulse response
is given by
 2 sin(300t )
 , t0 1
(A) V ( f )  ( f  f 0 )
h (t )   t 2
 600, t0
1
(B) V ( f )  ( f  f 0 )
Let y (t ) be the output of this filter. The 2
1
(C) V ( f )   ( f  f 0 )  ( f  f 0 ) 
maximum value of y(t ) is ________.
 2
 sin c (5t ) dt
2
5.18 The value of the integral 1

(C) V ( f )   ( f  f 0 )  ( f  f 0 ) 
2
is ________. 5.23 Given that the Fourier transform of f (t )
5.19 Consider a signal defined by
is F ( j), which of the following pairs
e j10t for t  1 of functions of time and the
x(t )  
0 for t  1 corresponding Fourier transforms are
Its Fourier transform is correctly matched?
2sin(  10) 1. f (t  2)  e j 2  F ( j)
(A)
  10 2. f ( 0.5 t )  2 F ( 2 j)
sin(  10) t
 1 
(B) 2e j10
  10
3.

f (t ) dt  F ( j)    () 
 j 
2sin  Select the correct answer using the
(C)
  10 codes given below :
 sin  (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3
(D) e j10 
 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 1,2 and 3

 
4 | Signals & Systems 
5.24 A voltage signal v (t ) has the following The Fourier transform of e t is ef ;
2 2
5.26
Fourier transform
then the Fourier transform of et is
2

e  j d
for   1
V ( j)  
   f
2 2

0 for   1 1

(A)   e f
2
(B) e
 
The energy that would be dissipated in a
1 resistor fed from v (t ) is f2
1 2 f 2 
(C) e (D)  e 2 

2 2 e 2 d 
(A) Joules (B) Joules
  5.27 Which one of the following represents
1 1 the phase response of the function
(C) Joules (D) Joules
 2
s 2  02
5.25 Match List-I (Functions) with List-II H ( s)  ?
(Fourier transforms) and select the s 2  (0 /Q) s  2
correct answer using the codes gives (A)
below the lists :
List-I
A. exp ( t ) u (t ),   0
B. exp (  t ),   0
C. t exp (  t ) u (t ),   0
(B)
D. exp ( j 2 t /t0 )
List-II
1
1.
(  j 2f ) 2
1
2.
  j 2 f (C)
 
3.  f  
 t0 
2
4.
  (2f ) 2
2

Codes : (D)
A B C D
(A) 3 1 4 2
(B) 2 4 1 3
(C) 3 4 1 2
(D) 2 1 4 3

 
 Continuous & Discrete Time FT | 5 
5.28 A signal represented by 5.31 The frequency response H () of a
x(t )  5cos 400 t system for impulse sequence response,
is sampled at a rate 300 samples/s. The h  n    n    n  1 , is
resulting samples are passed through an
 
ideal low pass filter of cut-off frequency (A) H ( )  2 cos    
2 2
150 Hz. Which of the following will be
(B) H ()  cos   
contained in the output of the LPF?

(A) 100 Hz (C) H ()  2 cos  
2
(B) 100 Hz, 150 Hz

(C) 50 Hz, 100 Hz (D) H ()  2 
2
(D) 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 150 Hz
5.32 An electrical system transfer function
5.29 If the Fourier transform of x(t ) is has a pole at s   2 and a zero at
2 s  1 with system gain 10. For
sin ( ), then what is the Fourier

sinusoidal current excitation, voltage
transform of e j 5t x(t ) ?
response of the system :
2
(A) sin () (A) Is zero
5
(B) Is in phase with the current
2
(B) sin   (  5)  (C) Leads the current

(D) Lags behind the current
2
(C) sin   (  5)  5.33 The impulse response of a discrete time
5
system is given by
2
(D) sin   (  5) 1
5 h(n)  ( [n]   [n  2])
2
5.30 If f (t ) is an even function, then what is
The magnitude of the response can be
its Fourier transform, F ( j) ? expressed as

(A) cos  (B) cos 
(A)  f (t ) cos (2t ) dt
0
(C) sin  (D) sin 

(B) 2  f (t ) cos (t ) dt 5.34 The Fourier transform of a rectangular
0
pulse is

(C) 2  f (t ) sin (t ) dt (A) Another rectangular pulse
0
(B) Triangular pulse

(C) Sine function
(D) 2  f (t ) sin (2t ) dt
0 (D) Impulse function

 
6 | Signals & Systems 
5.35 Which of the following Dirichlet 5.38 Consider Fourier representation of
conditions are correct for convergence continuous and discrete-time systems.
of Fourier transform of the function The complex exponentials (i.e., signals),
x(t )? which arise in such representation, have
1. x(t ) is square integrable (A) same properties always

2. x(t ) must be periodic (B) different properties always

3. x(t ) should have finite number of (C) non-specific properties

maxima and minima within any (D) mostly same properties

finite interval
4. x(t ) should have finite number of
discontinuities within any finite
interval
(A) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) l , 3 and 4 only
(D) 2 , 3 and 4 only
5.36 If f (t ) is a real and odd function, then
its Fourier transform F () will be
(A) real and even function of 
(B) real and odd function of 
(C) imaginary and odd function of 
(D) imaginary function of 
5.37 The Fourier transform of a rectangular
pulse for a period
T T
t to t  is
2 2
(A) a sine function
(B) a sine function
(C) a cosine function
(D) a sine-squared function

 
 Continuous & Discrete Time FT | 7 

Answer Key : Continuous & Discrete Time FT

5.1 B 5.2 D 5.3 C 5.4 A 5.5 C
5.6 B 5.7 C 5.8 B 5.9 C 5.10 C
5.11 D 5.12 3.375 5.13 C 5.14 B 5.15 B
5.16 A 5.17 8 5.18 0.2 5.19 A 5.20 6
5.21 C 5.22 D 5.23 D 5.24 C 5.25 B
5.26 B 5.27 D 5.28 A 5.29 D 5.30 B
5.31 A 5.32 C 5.33 B 5.34 C 5.35 C
5.36 C 5.37 A 5.38 B



 
 
 
 

6.1 Consider the signal 6.5 A 1 kHz sinusoidal signal is ideally

x(t )  cos(6t )  sin(8t ) , sampled at 1500 samples/sec and the
sampled signal is passed through an
where t is in seconds. The Nyquist
ideal low-pass filter with cut-off
sampling rate (in samples/second) for
frequency 800 Hz. The output signal has
the signal y (t )  x(2t  5) is
the frequency
(A) 8 (B) 12 (A) Zero Hz (B) 0.75 kHz
(C) 16 (D) 32 (C) 0.5 kHz (D) 0.25 kHz
6.2 Let x(t )  cos(10t )  cos(30t ) be 6.6 Let x1 (t )  X 1 () and x2 (t )  X 2 ()
sampled at 20 Hz and reconstructed be two signals whose Fourier transforms
using an ideal low-pass filter with cut- are as shown in the figure below. In the
off frequency of 20 Hz. The frequency/ figure, h (t )  e 2 t denotes the impulse
frequencies present in the reconstructed
response.
signal is/are X 1 (w) X 2 (w)
(A) 5 Hz and 15 Hz only
(B) 10 Hz and 15 Hz only
(C) 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 15 Hz only
(D) 5 Hz only w
- B1 - B1 B1 B1 - B2 B2
6.3 Consider two real valued signals, x(t ) 2 2

band-limited to [500 Hz, 500 Hz] and

X 1 (t )
y (t ) band-limited [1 kHz, 1 kHz] .
h(t ) = e
-2 t
y (t )
For z (t )  x(t ) y (t ), the Nyquist sampling
X 2 (t )
frequency (in kHz) is ________.
6.4 A band-limited signal with a maximum For the system shown above, the
frequency of 5 kHz is to be sampled. minimum sampling rate required to
According to the sampling theorem, the sample y (t ), so that y (t ) can be uniquely
sampling frequency which is not valid is reconstructed from its samples is
(A) 5 kHz (B) 12 kHz (A) 2B1 (B) 2( B1  B2 )
(C) 15 kHz (D) 20 kHz (C) 4( B1  B2 ) (D) 

 
2 | Signals & Systems 
6.7 The output y (t ) of the following system 6.10 The signal x(t )  sin(14000 t ) , where t
is to be sampled, so as to reconstruct it is in seconds is sampled at a rate of 9000
from its samples uniquely. The required samples per second. The sampled signal
minimum sampling rate is is the input to an ideal low-pass filter with
X (w) frequency response H ( f ) as follows

w 1, f  12 kHz
-1000p 1000p H( f )  
sin(1500pt ) y (t ) 0, f  12 kHz
h(t ) =
x(t ) X (w) pt
What is the number of sinusoids in the
cos(1000pt ) output and their frequencies in kHz?
(A) Number = 1, frequency = 7
(A) 1000 samples/s
(B) Number = 3, frequencies = 2, 7, 11
(B) 1500 samples/s
(C) Number = 2, frequencies = 2, 7
(C) 2000 samples/s
(D) Number = 2, frequencies = 7, 11
(D) 3000 samples/s
6.8 A continuous-time sinusoid of frequency
33 Hz is multiplied with a periodic
Dirac impulse train of frequency 46 Hz.
The resulting signal is passed through an
ideal analog low-pass filter with a cut-
off frequency of 23 Hz. The fundamental
frequency (in Hz) of the output is
________.
6.9 Consider a continuous time signal defined
as

  t  
 sin  2   
  *
x(t )     (t  10n).
  t   n 
  2 
   
where ‘*’ denotes the convolution
operation and t is in seconds. The
Nyquist sampling rate (in samples/sec)
for x(t ) is ________.

 
 Sampling | 3 

Answer Key : Sampling

6.1 C 6.2 A 6.3 3 6.4 A 6.5 C
6.6 B 6.7 B 6.8 13 6.9 0.4 6.10 B



 
 
 
 

7.1 Assuming zero initial condition, the 7.4 The Laplace transform of g (t ) is
response y(t) of the system given below 1 3s 5 s 1 5 s 3 s
to a unit input u(t) is (A) (e  e ) (B) (e  e )
s s
U(s) 1/s Y(s)
e 3 s 1 5 s 3s
(C) (1  e 2 s ) (D) (e  e )
(A) u (t ) (B) t.u (t ) s s
t2 7.5 Let the Laplace transform of function
(C) u (t ) (C) e  t u (t )
2 f (t ) which exists for  t  0  be Ft ( s ) and
7.2 The Laplace Transform of the Laplace transform of its delayed
f (t )  e 2 t sin(5t )u (t )is version f (t  ) be F2 ( s )  F1* ( s ) be the
5 5 complex conjugate of F1 ( s ) with the
(A) (B)
s  4 s  29
2
s 5
2
Laplace variable set as s    j .If
s2 5
(C) 2 (D) F2 ( s) F1* ( s)
s  4s  29 s5 G( s)  2
, then the inverse
F1 ( s)
Common Data for Question 7.3 & 7.4
Laplace transform of G ( s ) is
Given f (t ) and g (t ) as shown below :
(A) An ideal impulse (t )
f(t) g(t)
(B) An ideal delayed impulse (t  )
1 1
(C) An ideal step function u (t )
(D) An ideal delayed step function
t t
0 1 0 3 5
(t  )
7.3 g (t ) can be expressed as :

(A) g (t )  f (2t  3) 7.6 If sL[ f (t )]  , then the value of
( s  2 )
2

t 
(B) g (t )  f   3  lim f (t )
2  t 

 3 (A) Cannot be determined

(C) g (t )  f  2t  
 2 (B) Is zero
 t 3 (C) Is unity
(D) g (t )  f   
2 2 (D) Is infinite

 
2 | Signals & Systems 
7.7 Consider the following statements for 7.11 The bilateral Laplace transform of a
continuous-time linear time invariant
1 if a  t  b
(LTI) systems. function f (t )   is
I. There is no bounded input bounded
0 otherwise
output (BIBO) stable system with a a b e z (a  b)
(A) (B)
pole in the right half of the complex s s
plane.
e  as  e  bs e  ( a b )
II. There is no causal and BIBO stable (C) (D)
s s
system with a pole in the right of
the complex plane. 7.12 Let the signal f (t )  0 outside the
Which one among the following is interval [T1 , T2 ], where T1 and T2 are
correct?
finite. Furthermore, f (t )  . The region
(A) Both I and II are true
(B) Both I and II are not true of convergence (ROC) of the signals
(C) Only I is true bilateral Laplace F(s) is
(D) Only II is true
(A) A parallel strip containing the j
7.8 The Laplace transform of i(t ) is given by
2 axis
I (s)  As t  , the value of
s (1  s ) (B) A parallel strip not containing the
i(t ) tends to j axis
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) The entire s-plane
(C) 2 (D) 
(D) A half plane containing the j axis
7.9 If the Laplace transform of a signal Y(t)
1 7.13 Input x(t ) and output y (t ) of an LTI
is Y ( S )  , then its final value is
S ( S  1) system are related by the differential
(A) –1 (B) 0 equation y "(t )  y (t )  6 y (t )  x(t ) . If
(C) 1 (D) Unbounded
the system is neither causal nor stable,
7.10 Given that F ( s ) is the one-sided Laplace
transform of f (t ), the Laplace of the impulse response h(t ) of the system
t is
 f ( )d  is
1 3t 1
0
(A) e u (t )  e 2t u (t )
(A) sF ( s )  f (0) 5 5
1 1 1
(B) F (s) (B)  e3t u (t )  e 2t u (t )
s 5 5
s
1 3t 1
(C)  F ()d 
0
(C)
5
e u (t )  e 2t u (t )
5
1 1 1
(D) [ F ( s )  f (0)] (D)  e3t u ( t )  e 2t u (t )
s 5 5

 
 Laplace Transform | 3 
7.14 A system is described by the differential 7.17 A continuous time LTI system is
d2y dy described by
equation  5  6 y (t )  x (t ). Let
dt 2
dt d 2 y (t ) dy (t ) dx (t )
2
4  3 y (t )  2  4 x (t )
x(t) be a rectangular pulse given by dt dt dt
1 0  t  2 Assuming zero initial conditions, the
x(t )   . Assuming y(0) = response y (t ) of the above system for
0otherwise
dy the input x (t )  e 2 t u (t ) is given by
 0 at t  0, the Laplace transform (A) (e t  e3t ) u (t )
dt
of y (t ) is (B) (e  t  e 3t ) u (t )
e2 s (C) (e  t  e 3t ) u (t )
(A)
s( s  2)( s  3) (D) (e t  e 3t ) u (t )
7.18 The Laplace transform of a continuous
1  e2 s
(B) 5 s
s( s  2)( s  3) time signal x(t ) is X ( s )  2 . If
s s2
e2 s the Fourier transform of this signal
(C)
s( s  2)( s  3) exists, then x(t ) is
1  e 2 s (A) e 2 t u (t )  2e  t u (t )
(D)
( s  2)( s  3) (B)  e 2 t u ( t )  2e  t u (t )
7.15 The impulse response of a system is (C)  e 2 t u ( t )  2e  t u (t )
h(t )  tu (t ). For an input (t  1), the (D) e 2 t u ( t )  2e  t u (t )
output is 7.19 Consider a linear time-invariant system
t2 with transfer function.
(A) u (t ) 1
2 H (s) 
( s  1)
t (t  1)
(B) u (t  1) If the input is cos(t ) and the steady state
2
output is A cos(t  ) , then the value of
(t  1) 2
(C) u (t  1) A is ________.
2
7.20 Consider a causal LTI system
t 2 1 characterized by differential equation
(C) u (t  1)
2 dy (t ) 1
 y (t )  3x(t ) . The response of
7.16 An input x(t )  exp(2t )u (t )  (t  6) is dt 6
applied to an LTI system with impulse the system to the input x(t )  3et /3 u (t ) ,
response h(t )  u (t ) . The output is where u (t ) denotes unit step function, is
(A) [1  exp(2t )] u (t )  u (t  6) (A) 9et /3 u (t )
(B) [1  exp(2t )] u (t )  u (t  6) (B) 9e  t /6 u (t )
(C) 0.5[1  exp (2t )] u (t )  u (t  6) (C) 9e  t /3 u (t )  6e  t /6 u (t )
(D) 0.5[1  exp (2t )] u (t )  u (t  6) (D) 54e  t /6 u (t )  54e  t /3 u (t )

 
4 | Signals & Systems 
7.21 The unilateral Laplace transform of 1
(A) V ( s ) 
1 (1  e  as )
f (t ) is 2 . The unilateral Laplace
s  s 1
 1  e as e as 
transform of t f (t ) is (B) V ( s)   2
 
 2s s 
s
(A)   1  e as 
( s  s  1) 2
2
(C) V ( s)   
2s  2 
(B) 
( s  s  1) 2
2
 1  e as e as  1
(D) V ( s)    
s  as
2
s  (1  e as )
(C)
( s  s  1) 2
2
7.25 Given the Laplace transform,
2s  1 
(D) V ( s )   e  st v (t ) dt .
( s  s  1) 2
2

0
7.22 Which one of the following statements
The inverse transform v (t ) is
is NOT TRUE for a continuous time
 j
causal and stable LTI system?
(A) All the poles of the system must lie
(A) 
 j 
e st V ( s ) ds

on the left side of the j -axis.  j 

1
(B) Zeroes of the system can lie
(B) 
2j  j
e st V ( s ) ds
anywhere in the s-plane. 
1
(C) All the poles must lie within s  1 (C) 
2j 0
e st V ( s ) ds
(D) All the roots of the characteristic  j
1
2j j
equation must be located on the left (D) e  st V ( s ) ds
side of the j - axis.
7.23 Let x(t )   s (t )   s (t ) with 7.26 Given that h(t )  10 e 10t u (t ) and e(t ) 
s (t )  e 4 t u (t ) , where u (t ) is unit step sin10t u (t ), the Laplace transform of the
t
function. If the bilateral Laplace
transform of x(t ) is
signal f (t )   h (t  ) e ( ) d 
 0
is given

16 by
X (s)   4  Re{s}  4 ;
s  16
2
10
(A)
Then the value of  is ________. ( s  10) ( s 2  100)
7.24 The Laplace transform of the waveform 10 ( s  10)
(B)
shown in the figure is ( s 2  100)
100
(C)
( s  10) ( s 2  100)
1
(D)
( s  10) ( s 2  100)

 
 Laplace Transform | 5 
7.27 The function f (t ) shown in the given List-II
figure will have Laplace transform as 1.

2.

1 1  s 1 2 s
(A)  e  2e
s2 s s
1
(B) (1  e  s  e 2 s ) 3.
s2
1
(C) (1  e  s  e 2 s )
s
1 4.
(D) 2
(1  e  s  s e 2 s )
s
7.28 Inverse Laplace transform of the
2s  5
function is 5.
s  5s  6
2

(A) 2 exp ( 2.5 t ) cosh (0.5 t )

(B) exp ( 2 t ) cos ( 3 t )
Codes :
(C) 2 exp ( 2.5 t ) sinh (0.5 t )
A B C D
(C) 2 exp ( 2.5 t ) cos (0.5 t )
(A) 3 4 1 2
7.29 Match List-I (System function) with
(B) 5 2 3 4
List-II (Impulse response) and select the
(C) 3 2 1 4
correct answer using the codes given
(D) 5 4 3 2
below the lists :
7.30 The relationship between the input x(t )
List-I
and the output y (t ) of system is
e s
A.
s 1 d2y d 2x
 x (t  2) u (t  2) 
1 dt 2 dt 2
B.
s  s 1
2
The transfer function of the system is
2 s2 e 2 s
C. (A) 1  (B) 1 
( s  1)2 e2 s s2
1 e2 s s2
D. (C) 1  (D) 1 
s s
2
s2 e 2 s

 
6 | Signals & Systems 
7.31 Match List-I ( F ( s ) ) with List-II ( f (t ) ) 8 s  10
7.33 What is F ( s )  equal to?
and select the correct answer using the ( s  1) ( s  2)3
codes given below the lists : 2 4 4 2
(A)   
List-I s  1 ( s  2) ( s  2) s  2
3 2

10
A. 2 6 2 2
s ( s  10) (B)   
s  1 ( s  2) ( s  2) s  2
3 2

10
B. 2 6 2 2
( s  100)
2 (C)   
s  1 ( s  2) ( s  2) s  2
3 2

( s  10)
C. 4 6 2 4
( s  10)2  100 (D)   
s  1 ( s  2) ( s  2) s  2
3 2

D. 10
7.34 Match List-I (Function in time domain
List-II
f (t ) ) with List-II (Property of F ( s ))
1. 10 (t )
and select the correct answer using the
2. (e10t cos10 t ) u (t ) code given below the lists :
3. (sin10 t ) u (t ) List-I
4. (1  e10t ) u (t ) A. sin 0 t u (t  t0 )
Codes : B. sin 0 (t  t0 ) u (t  t0 )
A B C D
C. sin 0 (t  t0 ) u (t )
(A) 3 4 1 2
(B) 4 3 1 2 D. sin 0 t u (t )
(C) 3 4 2 1 List-II
(D) 4 3 2 1 0
1.

s  02
2

7.32 Given, L  f (t )   F ( s )   f (t ) e  st dt ,
0  0  t0 s
2.  2 2
e
which of the following expressions are  s  0 
correct?
e  t0 s  
1. L  f (t  a) u (t  a)  F ( s) e  sa
3. sin  0 t0  tan 1 0 
s 
2
 2
0
s 
d F (s)
2. L t f (t )    1   
ds 4. sin  0 t0  tan 1 0 
3. L  (t  a) f (t )  a s F ( s) s 2  02  s 

df (t ) Codes :
4. L  s F ( s )  f (0 ) A B C D
dt
Select the correct answer using the (A) 3 1 4 2
codes given below : (B) 4 2 3 1
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1, 2 and 4 (C) 3 2 4 1
(C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 4 1 3 2

 
 Laplace Transform | 7 
7.35 Consider a second order all-pole transfer 7.38 The unit step response y (t ) of a linear
function model, if the desired settling system is y (t )  (1  3 et  3 e2t ) u (t ).
time (5%) is 0.60 sec and the desired
For the system function, the frequency
damping ratio 0.707, where should the
at which the forced response become
poles be located in s-plane?
zero is
(A)  5  j 4 2 (C)  5  j 5 1 1
(A) rad/s (B) rad/s
(C)  4  j 5 2 (D)  4  j 7 2 2

7.36 Laplace transform of the function f (t ) (C) 2 rad/s (D) 2 rad/s

shown in the figure is 7.39 An LTI system is causal if and only if

(A) h(t )  0 for t  0

(B) h(t ) is finite for 0  t  

(C) h(t ) is finite for t  0

2 2
(D) h(t ) is non-zero for all t
(A) 1  e  0.5 s 
2 
s
2 2
(B) 1  e  0.5 s 
2 
s
2 2
(C) 1  e0.5 s 
2 
s
2 2
(D) 1  e0.5 s 
2 
s
7.37 Consider a system with transfer function

3s 2  2
H (s) 
s 2  3s  2
The step response of the system is given
by

(A) C (t )  5 e2t  et  1

(B) C (t )  3 (t )  10 e2t  et

(C) C (t )  4 et  e2t  1

(D) C (t )  2 (1  e2t )

 
8 | Signals & Systems 

Answer Key : Laplace Transform

7.1 B 7.2 A 7.3 D 7.4 C 7.5 B
7.6 A 7.7 D 7.8 C 7.9 D 7.10 B
7.11 C 7.12 C 7.13 B 7.14 B 7.15 C
7.16 D 7.17 B 7.18 D 7.19 0.707 7.20 D
7.21 D 7.22 C 7.23 –2 7.24 D 7.25 B
7.26 C 7.27 D 7.28 A 7.29 C 7.30 B
7.31 D 7.32 B 7.33 B 7.34 C 7.35 B
7.36 A 7.37 A 7.38 C 7.39 A



 
 
 
 

n
1 1
n 8 7 3
8.1 If x[ n]       u[ n], then the (C)  2 z  2   2  3
3  2 z z z
region of convergence (ROC) of its Z- 8 1 3
(D) 4 z  2   2  3
transform in the Z-plane will be z z z
1 1 1 n n
(A)  Z  3 (B)  Z   1  1
3 3 2 8.4 Let x[n]     u (n)     u (n  1) .
 9  3
1 1
(C)  Z 3 (D)  Z  2 The region of convergence (ROC) of the
2 3
8.2 Consider a discrete time signal given by z-transform of x[ n]
x[n]  (0.25) n u[n]  (0.5)n u[n  1] 1
(A) Is z 
The region of convergence of its Z- 9
transform would be 1
(B) Is z 
(A) The region inside the circle of 3
radius 0.5 and centered at origin
1 1
(B) The region outside the circle of (C) Is  z 
3 9
radius 0.25 and centered at origin
(C) The annular region between the two (D) Does not exist
circles, both centered at origin and 8.5 Let x[n]  x[n] . Let X ( z ) be the z-
having radii 0.25 and 0.5 transform of x[ n] . If 0.5  j 0.25 is a
(D) The entire Z-plane
zero of X ( z ), which one of the
8.3 The z-transform of a sequence x[ n] is
following must also be a zero of X ( z )
4 3
given as X ( z )  2 z  4   2 . If y[ n ]
z z (A) 0.5  j 0.25
is the first difference of x[ n] , then Y [ z ] 1
(B)
is given by (0.5  j 0.25)
8 7 3
(A) 2 z  2   2  3 1
z z z (C)
(0.5  j 0.25)
6 1 3
(B) 2 z  2   2  3 (D) 2  j 4
z z z

 
2 | Signals & Systems 
8.6 Consider the z-transform 8.10 The z-transform of the sequence x[ n] is
X ( z )  5 z 2  4 z 1  3, 0  z   . given by X ( z ) 
1
, with the
(1  2 z 1 ) 2
The inverse z-transform x[ n] is
region of convergence z  2. Then,
(A) 5 [n  2]  3 [n]  4 [n  1]
x[2] is ________.
(B) 5 [n  2]  3 [n]  4 [n  1]
(A) 10 (B) 9
(C) 5u [n  2]  3u [n]  4u [n  1] (C) 12 (D) 15
(D) 5u [n  2]  3u [n]  4u [n  1] 8.11 The input-output relationship of a
8.7 Consider the sequence causal stable LTI system is given as
y[n]  y[n  1]  x[n]
x[n]  a n u[n]  b n u[n] ,
If the impulse response h[ n] of this
where u[ n] denotes the unit-step 

sequence and 0  a  b  1 . The region

system satisfies the condition  h[n]  2,
n0

of convergence (ROC) of the z- the relationship between  and  is

transform of x[ n] is  
(A)   1  (B)   1 
(A) z  a (B) z  b 2 2
(C)   2 (D)   2
(C) z  a (D) a  z  b
8.12 The ROC of z-transform of the discrete
8.8 A discrete-time signal time sequence
x[ n]   [n  3]  2 [ n  5] 1
n
1
n

x(n)    u (n)    u (n  1) is

has z-transform X ( z ) . If Y ( z )  X ( z )  3 2
is the z-transform of another signal 1 1 1
(A)  z  (B) z 
y[n], then 3 2 2
(A) y[n]  x[n] 1
(C) z  (D) 2  z  3
3
(B) y[n]  x[n]
( z 1  b )
(C) y[n]   x[n] 8.13 For an all-pass system H ( z )  ,
(1  az 1 )
(D) y[n]   x[n] where H (e j )  1 , for all  . IF
8.9 Suppose x[ n] is an absolutely
Re(a )  0, lm(a )  0 , then b equals
summable discrete time signal. Its z- (A) a (B) a *
transform is a rational function with two 1 1
poles and two zeros. The poles are at (C) (D)
a* a
z  2 j . Which one of the following
8.14 Two causal discrete-time signals x[ n]
statements is TRUE for the signal x[n]? n
and y[ n ] are related as y[ n]   x[ m] .
(A) It is a finite duration signal n 0
(B) It is a causal signal 2
If the z-transform of y[ n ] is ,
(C) It is a non-causal signal z ( z  1) 2
(D) It is a periodic signal the value of x[2] is ________.

 
 Z-Transform & Digital Filters | 3 
8.15 The z-transform of a system is Which one of the following is TRUE
z about the frequency selectivity of these
H ( z)  .
z  0.2 systems?
If the ROC is z  0.2 , then the impulse (A) All three are high-pass filters
(B) All three are band-pass filters
response of the system is
(C) All three are low-pass filters
(A) (0.2) n u[n] (D) P is a low-pass filter, Q is a band-
(B) (0.2)n u[n  1] pass filter and R is a high-pass filter
 n
(C) (0.2) n u[n] 1
8.19 The value of  n   is ________.
(D) (0.2) n u[ n  1] n 0  2 

8.16 A discrete real all pass system has a pole 8.20 If the region of convergence of x1[n] 
at z  2300 , it therefore 1
x2 [n] is
2
 z  , then the region of
(A) Also has a pole at 0.5300 3 3
(B) Has a constant phase response over convergence of x1[n]  x2[n] includes
the z-plane ; arg H ( z )  constant 1 2
(A)  z 3 (B)  z 3
(C) Is stable only if it anticausal 3 3
(D) Has a constant phase response over 3 1 2
(C)  z 3 (D)  z 
the unit circle; arg H (e j )  constant 2 3 3
8.21 If the impulse response of a discrete-
1
8.17 Let X ( z )  be the Z-transform of time system is h[n]  5n u[n  1] , then
1  z 3
the system function H ( z ) is equal to
a causal signal x[ n] . Then, the values of
z
x[2] and x[3] are (A) and the system is stable
z 5
(A) 0 and 0 (B) 0 and 1
z
(C) 1 and 0 (D) 1 and 1 (B) and the system is stable
z 5
8.18 The pole-zero plots of three discrete-
z
time systems P, Q and R on the z-plane (C) and the system is unstable
are shown below. z 5
Im(z) Im(z) z
Q
(D) and the system is unstable
2 poles
R
z 5
0.5
8.22 Which one of the following is the region
Re(z) Re(z)
of convergence (ROC) for the sequence
Unit Unit
-0.5
x  n  b nu (n)  b nu (n  1); b  1?
circle circle

(i) (ii) (A) Region z  1

Im(z)
R
(B) Annular strip in the region
b  z  (1/b)
Re(z)
(C) Region z  1
Unit (D) Annular strip in the region
circle

(iii)
b  z  (1/b)

 
4 | Signals & Systems 
8.23 Given that F ( z ) and G ( z ) are the one-
sided Z-transforms of discrete time
functions f ( nT ) and g (nT ), the Z-
transform of  f (kT ) g (nT  kT )
k
is

given by The pole of the system must be located

(A)  f (nT ) g (nT ) z n on the
(A) real axis at z  1
(B)  f (nT ) z  g (nT ) z
n n
(B) real axis between z  0 and z  1
(C) imaginary axis at z  j
(C)  f (kT ) g (nT  kT ) z n

(D) imaginary axis between z  0 and

(D)  f (nT  kT ) g (nT ) z n
z j
8.24 If the function H 1 ( z )  (1  1.5 z 1  z 2 ) 8.27
and H 2 ( z )  z 2  1.5 z  1, then
(A) the poles and zeros of the functions Two linear time-invariant discrete time
will be the same systems s1 and s2 are cascaded as shown
(B) the poles of the functions will be in figure. Each system is modeled by a
identical but not zeros second order difference equation. The
(C) the zeros of the functions will be difference equation of the overall
identical but not poles cascaded system can be of the order of
(A) 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 (B) either 2 or 4
(D) neither the poles nor the zeros of
(C) 2 (D) 4
the two functions will be identical
8.28 Which one of the following digital
8.25 Which one of the following difference
filters does have a linear phase
equations is non-recursive? [ y (k )  response?
output; u (k )  input] (A) y (n)  y (n  1)  x(n)  x( n  1)
(A) y ( k  2)  2 y (k  1)  3 y (k ) 1
(B) y ( n)  3x(n)  2 x(n  1)  x(n  2)
 u (k  1) 6
1
(B) y (k  1)  y (k ) (C) y ( n)   x( n)  2 x( n  1)  3x(n  2)
6
 u (k  1)  2u (k )  u (k  1)
1
(D) y (n)   x( n)  2 x(n  1)  x( n  2) 
(C) y (k  1)  y (k ) 4
 u (k  1)  u (k )  u (k  1) 8.29 The range of values of a and b for which
the linear time invariant system with
(D) y (k  1)  y (k )
impulse response h(n)  a n , n  0 ; b n ,
 u (k  1)  3u (k )  u (k  1)
n  0 will be stable is
8.26 The impulse response of a discrete (A) a  1, b  1 (B) a  1, b  1
system with a simple pole is shown in
figure. (C) a  1, b  1 (D) a  1, b  1

 
 Z-Transform & Digital Filters | 5 
z  z 3 8.34 Unit step response of the system
8.30 If X ( z )  , then x(n) series has
z  z 1 described by the equation,
(A) alternate 0 s (B) alternate 1 s y (n)  y (n  1)  x(n) is
(C) alternate 2 s (D) alternate 1 s
z2 z2
8.31 The output y  n of a discrete time LTI (A) (B)
( z  1) ( z  1) ( z  1) ( z  1)
system is related to the input x  n as
z 1 z ( z  1)
given below : (C) (D)
n
z 1 ( z  1)
y n   x k  . 8.35 Z and Laplace transforms are related by
k 0

Which one of the following correctly ln z

(A) s  ln z (B) s 
relates the z-transforms of the input and T
output, denoted by X ( z ) and Y ( z ), T
(C) s  z (D) s 
respectively? ln z
(A) Y ( z )  (1  z 1 ) X ( z )
8.36 The step response of a discrete time
(B) Y ( z )  z 1 X ( z ) system with transfer function
X ( z)
(C) Y ( z )  H ( z) 
10
is given by
1  z 1 ( z  1) ( z  2)
dX ( z )
(D) Y ( z )  10 10 10
dz (A)  n  ( 2) n
8.32 Which one of the following is the 9 3 9
inverse z-transform of n
(B)  5   ( 2) n
z 2
X ( z)  z  2?
( z  2) ( z  3) 7 5
(C)  n  ( 3) n
(A)  2  3  u (  n  1)
n n
9 3
(B) 3n  2 n  u (  n  1) (D)  2  5(1  2n )

(C)  2 n  3n  u ( n  1) 8.37 The difference equation for a system is

given by y (n  2)  y (n  1)  0.16 y (n)
(D)  2 n  3n  u ( n)
 x (n  1) 0.32 x (n). The transfer function
8.33 x  n is defined as of the system is
0 for n   2 or n  4 Z  0.32
x  n   (A)
1 otherwise Z  Z  0.16
2

Determine the value of n for which 1

(B)
x   n  2 is guaranteed to be zero. Z  Z  0.16
2

(A) n  1 and n  7 Z  0.32

(C)
(B) n   4 and n  2 Z 2  0.16
(C n   6 and n  0 Z  0.32
(D)
(D) n   2 and n  4 ( Z  1) ( Z 2  Z  0.16)

 
6 | Signals & Systems 
8.38 The forced response yF (n) of the 8.42 In the z-transform of a sequence
differential equation x  n   1,1, 1, 1 is X ( z ), then the
y (n)  0.6 y (n  1)  (0.4) n , n  0 1
value of X   is
y (1)  10 2
(A) 9 (0.6) n (A) 9 (B) 1.875
(C) – 1.125 (D) 15
(B)  2 (0.4) n
8.43 If the z-transform of a system is given
n
(C) 9 (0.4) by
(D) 9 (0.6) n  2(0.4) n   z 1
H ( z) 
8.39 Homogeneous solution of 1   z 1
9 where  is real-valued,   1, ROC :
y (n)  y ( n  2)  x(n  1) is
16
z   , then the system is
n n
3  3
(A) C1    C2    (A) a low-pass filter
4  4 (B) a band-pass filter
n 1 n 1
 3 3 (C) an all-pass filter
(B) C1     C2  
 4 4 (D) a high-pass filter
n 8.44 Consider two infinite duration input
3
(C) C1   sequences  x1  n  , x2  n  . When will the
4
n region of convergence (ROC) of Z-
 3
(D) C1    transform of their superposition i.e.
 4
 x  n   x  n  be entire Z plane except
For the discrete signal x  n   a n u  n 
1 2
8.40
possibly at Z  0 or Z   ?
the z-transform is
(A) When their linear combination is of
z za finite duration
(A) (B)
za z (B) When they are left sided sequences
z z (C) When they are right sided sequences
(C) (D)
a za (D) When their linear combination is
8.41 Let u  n be the unit-step signal and causal
n n 8.45 If the lower limit of region of
1  1
x  n    u n     u n . convergence (ROC) is greater than the
2  3 upper limit of ROC, the series
The region of convergence of z-transform 

of x  n is
X ( z)   x( n) z
n 
1

1 1 1 (A) Converges
(A) z  (B)  z 
3 3 2 (B) Zero
1 1 (C) Does not converge
(C) z  (D) z 
2 2 (D) None of the above

 
 Z-Transform & Digital Filters | 7 

Answer Key : Z-Transform & Digital Filters

8.1 C 8.2 C 8.3 A 8.4 C 8.5 B
8.6 A 8.7 B 8.8 C 8.9 C 8.10 C
8.11 A 8.12 A 8.13 B 8.14 0 8.15 D
8.16 C 8.17 B 8.18 B 8.19 2 8.20 D
8.21 B 8.22 D 8.23 B 8.24 C 8.25 A
8.26 B 8.27 A 8.28 D 8.29 A 8.30 A
8.31 C 8.32 A 8.33 C 8.34 A 8.35 B
8.36 A 8.37 A 8.38 * 8.39 A 8.40 D
8.41 C 8.42 * 8.43 C 8.44 A 8.45 C



 
 
 
 

9.1 The 4-point discrete Fourier Transform 9.4 Consider two real sequence with time-
(DFT) of a discrete time sequence {1, 0, origin marked by the bold value,
2, 3} is x1[n]  {1, 2, 3, 0}, x2[n]  {1, 3, 2, 1}
(A) [0,  2  2 j , 2,  2  2 j ]
Let X 1 (k ) and X 2 (k ) be 4-point DFT
(B) [2, 2  2 j , 6, 2  2 j ]
of x1[n] and x2[n] , respectively.
(C) [6, 1  3 j , 2, 1  3 j ]
(D) [6,  1  3 j , 0,  1  3 j ] Another sequence x3[n] is derived by

9.2 The first five points of the 8 – points taking 4-point inverse DFT of
DFT of a real valued sequence are X 3 (k )  X1 (k ) X 2 (k ) . The value of
5, 1  j 3, 0, 3  j 4 and 3  j 4 . The last x3[2] is ________.
two points of the DFT are respectively. 9.5 The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
(A) 0, 1  j 3 (B) 0, 1  j3 of the 4-point sequence
(C) 1  j3, 5 (D) 1  j3, 5 x[ n]  {x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3]}
9.3 The DFT of a vector [a b c d ] is  {3, 2, 3, 4}
the vector [   ] . Consider the is X [k ]  { X [0], X [1], X [2], X [3]}
product
 {12, 2 j , 0,  2 j} .
a b c d
d a b c 
If X1[k ] is the DFT of the 12-point
 p q r s    a b c d   sequence
c d a b
  x1[n]  {3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0} ,
b c d a
The DFT of the vector [ p q r s] is X1[8]
the value of is ________.
a scaled version of X1[11]
(A) [2 2  2 2 ]
(B) [    ]
(C) [           ]
(D) [   ]

 
2 | Signals & Systems 

Answer Key : Discrete Fourier Transform

9.1 D 9.2 B 9.3 A 9.4 11 9.5 6



 
 
 
 

10.1 If a signal f (t ) has energy E, the energy 10.4 The waveform of a periodic signal x (t )
of the signal f (2t ) is equal to is shown in the figure.
x(t)
E
(A) E (B) 3
2
–2 1 4
(C) 2E (D) 4E t
–4 –1 2 3

10.2 A Hilbert transformer is a

–3
(A) Non-linear system

(B) Non-causal system A signal g (t ) is defined by

(C) Time-varying system  t 1 

g (t )  x  .
 2 
(D) Low-pass system
The average power of g (t ) is ______.
10.3 Consider the periodic square wave in the
figure shown.
x(t)

t
0 1 2 3 4

–1

The ratio of the power in the 7th

harmonic to the power in the 5th
harmonic for this waveform is closest in
value to ________.

 
2 | Signals & Systems 

Answer Key : Miscellaneous

10.1 B 10.2 B 10.3 0.51 10.4 2



 
4 | Signals & Systems 
Space for Notes