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Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Here are the organic and inorganic molecules identified: Organic: C6H12O6, C18H36O2, C2H6, C3H6, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, C8H18 Inorganic: H2O, NaOH, FeO3, CO2, HCl, CaO, CaCO3, HNO3, KCl, KMnO4, H2SO4, Na2SO4, SO3, HF, HBr, NO2, NaCl, CuSO4, MnCl2

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John Osborne
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94 views17 pages

Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Here are the organic and inorganic molecules identified: Organic: C6H12O6, C18H36O2, C2H6, C3H6, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, C8H18 Inorganic: H2O, NaOH, FeO3, CO2, HCl, CaO, CaCO3, HNO3, KCl, KMnO4, H2SO4, Na2SO4, SO3, HF, HBr, NO2, NaCl, CuSO4, MnCl2

Uploaded by

John Osborne
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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How are organic

compounds different
from inorganic
compounds?
REVISION

First, let’s get to grips with some


essential terms in Chemistry.

ATOM v MOLECULE v COMPOUND v MIXTURE


REVISION
REVISION

So, what is an ATOM?


REVISION

Each ELEMENT has a different


atomic structure.
ATOMIC NUMBER is the
number of PROTONS in the
nucleus. CARBON = 6
(The atomic number tells you where
is the element in the Periodic Table.)

ATOMIC WEIGHT is
approximately the number of
PROTONS and NEUTRONS
in the nucleus. CARBON = 12
REVISION

What elements are all living things


made of ?

Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen,


& Oxygen
REVISION

What holds atoms together?

CHEMICAL
BONDS hold
atoms together.

Energy is usually required to join atoms and is released when atoms are split.
REVISION

Different sorts of bonds

Atoms like to be stable, most especially the orbiting electrons.

COVALENT BONDING
Electrons are shared. Many molecules are formed this way. Elements are known by their
valency – the number of electrons they will share. Carbon is TETRAVALENT (4!).

IONIC BONDING
Electrons can be donated (and received). In this case, positive and negative IONS are formed.
REVISION

How do we write chemical


compounds/molecules using symbols?
Chemical Formula

2(NH3) or just 2NH3


Tells us the number of
atoms

Tells us the number of


molecules
REVISION

What is a chemical formula?

CO2
A chemical formula represents the chemical makeup of
a compound or molecule.

How many carbon atoms in 1 molecule of CO2? 1


How many oxygen atoms in 1 molecule of CO2? 2
What is a structural formula?
Bonds

Structural formula shows the kinds, numbers, and the


arrangements of atoms.
It also shows the bonds. Look at the bonding between the
carbon and nitrogen atoms. Remember that carbon is
tetravalent. So what do you think is the valency number
of a nitrogen atom? 3 or trivalent
Types of molecules
◦Organic ◦Inorganic
What do organic molecules have
in common?

C&H
What do inorganic molecules
have in common?
Just C or just H or neither
Organic vs. Inorganic (Review)
Organic Inorganic
◦Have C & H together ◦Have C or H or neither,
but never both at the same
◦Made by living things
time.
◦Can be found in living
things
Organic compounds are made by
Living Things

◦CO + H O
2 2 O + CH O
2 6 12 6

organic
inorganic
Identify the Organic & Inorganic Molecules
H2O NaOH FeO3
CO2 C6H12O6 CO
HCl C2H6 C18H36O2
CaO H2CO3 C3H6
CaCO3 C2H5OH NaCl
CH3OH HNO3 CuSO4
NH3 KCl MnCl2
KMnO4 H2SO4 NO2
SO3 HF C8H18
Na2SO4 CH3COOH HBr

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