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ARESC 112 - Module 2 (Simple Stress - Normal&Shear Stress)

This document provides an overview of simple stresses, including normal stress, shearing stress, and bearing stress. It defines stress as force per unit area. Normal stress is stress from forces perpendicular to the area, and can be tensile or compressive. Shearing stress is caused by forces parallel to the area. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate calculations of normal and shearing stress. Seatwork problems are assigned for students to practice calculating stresses. References for further information are listed.

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223 views

ARESC 112 - Module 2 (Simple Stress - Normal&Shear Stress)

This document provides an overview of simple stresses, including normal stress, shearing stress, and bearing stress. It defines stress as force per unit area. Normal stress is stress from forces perpendicular to the area, and can be tensile or compressive. Shearing stress is caused by forces parallel to the area. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate calculations of normal and shearing stress. Seatwork problems are assigned for students to practice calculating stresses. References for further information are listed.

Uploaded by

abercrombie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

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STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS
(ARESC 112)
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Module 2 & 3
SIMPLE STRESSES
 Normal Stress

 Shearing Stress

 Bearing Stress

 Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels


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SIMPLE STRESS

 Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area


or unit strength. It is the force on a member divided by
area, which carries the force, formerly express in psi, now
in N/mm2 or MPa.
𝑃
 𝜎=𝐴

 Where:
 P – Normal Force
 A – Area in 𝑚𝑚2
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SIMPLE STRESS

 Normal Stress
 Tensile Stress – members subject to pure tension which tend to
lengthen the member.
 Compressive Stress – members under compression which tend to
shorten the member.
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SIMPLE STRESS: Normal Stress
(Sample Problem 1)

 A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm


must carry a tensile load of 400 kN. Determine the outside
diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/m2.
P = 400kN = 400,000N σ = 120MPa
P = σA
1 2 1 2 1
A= πD − π(100) A= π (D2 − 10,000)
4 4 4

1
400,000 = 120 [ π (D2 − 10000)]
4
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SIMPLE STRESS: Normal Stress
(Sample Problem 1)

 A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm


must carry a tensile load of 400 kN. Determine the outside
diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/m2.
P = 400kN = 400,000N σ = 120MPa
1
400,000 = 120 [ 4 π (D2 − 10000)]
400,000 = 30πD2 − 300,000
400000 + 300000π
D2 =
30π
D = 119.35 𝑚𝑚
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SIMPLE STRESS: Normal Stress
(Sample Problem 2)

 An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod


and a bronze rod as shown. Axial loads are applied at the
positions indicated. Find the maximum value of P that will
not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90
MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.

For Aluminum: For Steel: For Bronze:


σ𝑎𝑙 A𝑎𝑙 = P σ𝑠𝑡 A𝑠𝑡 = 5P σ𝑏𝑟 A𝑏𝑟 = 2P
90(400) = P 140(500) = 5P 100(200) = 2P
P𝑎𝑙 = 36,000 N P𝑠𝑡 = 14,000 N P𝑏𝑟 = 10,000 N
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Seatwork #02
SIMPLE STRESS: Normal Stress
 Use a clean sheet of A4 Sized Bond Paper.
 Scan/Capture a photo of your Solutions & upload it in our MS Teams
Assignment tab “Seatwork #02”
 Draw the Free-Body Diagrams and Solve for the required.
 Box your final answer and write them in 3 decimal places.
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Seatwork #02
SIMPLE STRESS: Normal Stress
1. A rod is composed of an aluminum section rigidly attached between steel
and bronze sections, as shown. Axial loads are applied at the positions
indicated. If P = 3000 lb and the cross sectional area of the rod is 0.5 in2,
determine the stress in each section.
Ans: σ 𝑠𝑡 = 24ksi , σ 𝑎𝑙 = 24ksi, σ 𝑏𝑟 = 18ksi

2. Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by two wires


shown. The stress in either wire is not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross-
sectional areas of wires AB and AC are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively.
Ans: 𝑊 = 17.1kips
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SIMPLE STRESS

 Shearing Stress

 Forces parallel to the area resisting the force cause


shearing stress. It differs to tensile and compressive
stresses, which are caused by forces perpendicular to
the area on which they act. Shearing stress is also
known as tangential stress.
 The application of force that tends to create sliding effect on
the body.
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SIMPLE STRESS

 Shearing Stress
𝑉
τ=
𝐴
 V = Resultant Shearing Force which passes through the
centroid of the area.
 A = Area being sheared.
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SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
(Sample Problem 1)

 What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in


a plate that is 25 mm thick? The shear strength is 350
MN/m2 (MPa).
τ = 350 MPa, tp = 25 mm, D = 20 mm
V=τA
 After drawing the image/FBD, the resisting area would be the surface area of
the cut section or the thickness of the plate multiplied to the circumference of
the puncher.

𝐴 = 𝑡𝑝(πD) = (25 mm) [(π)(20 mm)] = 500π mm2


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SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
(Sample Problem 1)

 What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in


a plate that is 25 mm thick? The shear strength is 350
MN/m2 (MPa).
τ = 350 MPa, tp = 25 mm, D = 20 mm
V = τ A; 𝐴 = 500π mm2
 The force applied to the puncher will be the same shearing force that the plate
will receive, therefore P = V.

𝑃 = 𝑉 = τ A = (350 N/mm2) (500π mm2) = 549,778.7 N


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SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
(Sample Problem 2)

 A hole is to be punched out of a plate having a shearing


strength of 40 ksi. The compressive stress in the punch is
limited to 50 ksi. (a) Compute the maximum thickness of
plate in which a hole 2.5 inches in diameter can be
punched. (b) If the plate is 0.25 inch thick, determine the
diameter of the smallest hole that can be punched.
τ = 40 ksi, σ = 50 ksi, d = 2.5 in, tp = 0.25 in
P = σA V=τA
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SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
(Sample Problem 2)

 (a) Compute the maximum thickness of plate in which a


hole 2.5 inches in diameter can be punched.
τ = 40 ksi, σ = 50 ksi, d = 2.5 in
d P = σA
tp
1
a. 𝑃 = σA = σ [4 π(d2)]
1
𝑃 = 50[4 π(2.52)] = 78.125π kips
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SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
(Sample Problem 2)

 (a) Compute the maximum thickness of plate in which a


hole 2.5 inches in diameter can be punched.
τ = 40 ksi, σ = 50 ksi, d = 2.5 in, P = 78.125π kips
d
𝑉 = τA
tp
a. 𝑃 = 𝑉 = τA = τ [π(d)(tp)]
78.125π = 40[π(2.5)(tp)]
tp = 0.78125 in
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SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
(Sample Problem 2)

 (b) If the plate is 0.25 inch thick, determine the diameter of


the smallest hole that can be punched.
τ = 40 ksi, σ = 50 ksi, tp = 0.25 in

d
P = σA 𝑉 = τA P=V
tp 1
b. 𝑃 = 50[4 π(d2)]
𝑉 = 40[π(d)(0.25)]
1
50[ π(d2)] = 40[π(d)(0.25)]
4
d = 0.8 in
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SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
(Sample Problem 3)

Clevis  Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis if P
= 400 kN. The shearing strength of the bolt is 300 MPa.
τ = 300 MPa, P = 400 kN = 400,000 N
V=τA
 The bolt is subject to double shear.

1
𝐴 = (2)(4 πd2)
1
400000 = 300[(2)( 4 πd2)

d = 29.135 mm
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Seatwork #03
SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
 Use a clean sheet of A4 Sized Bond Paper.
 Scan/Capture a photo of your Solutions & upload it in our MS Teams
Assignment tab “Seatwork #03”
 Draw the Free-Body Diagrams and Solve for the required.
 Box your final answer and write them in 3 decimal places.
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Seatwork #03
SIMPLE STRESS: Shear Stress
1. The lap joint is fastened by four ¾-in.-diameter rivets. Calculate the
maximum safe load P that can be applied if the shearing stress in the
rivets is limited to 14 ksi. Assume the applied load is uniformly
distributed among the four rivets.
Ans: P = 24.74 kips

2. Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported.
The pin diameter is 20 mm.
Ans: τB = 94.02 MPa
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References

 Strength of Materials 4th Ed. by Andrew Pytel & Ferdinand L. Singer


 https://mathalino.com/reviewer/mechanics-and-strength-of-materials

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