UNIVERSITY OF SULAIMANI

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

EN 5302 REINFORCED CONCRETE

CHAPTER 6

One-way Slabs
And
Continuous Beams

Sardar R. Mohammad Amir M. Salih Jaza H. Muhammad

MSc Structural Engineering MSc Structural Engineering MSc Structural Engineering

2018-2019 ©
Draft Edition
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CHAPTER 6 ONE-WAY SLABS AND CONTINUOUS BEAMS

Introduction [6]

 Reinforced concrete slabs are large flat plates that are supported by
o reinforced concrete beams, walls, or columns;
o masonry walls;
o structural steel beams or columns;
o or by the ground.
 If they are supported on two opposite sides only, they are referred to as
one-way slabs because the bending is in one direction only — that is,
perpendicular to the supported edges.
 If the slab is supported by beams on all four edges, it is referred to as a
two-way slab because the bending is in both directions.
 If a rectangular slab is supported on all four sides, but the long side is two
or more times as long as the short side, the slab will, for all practical
purposes, act as a one-way slab, with bending primarily occurring in the
short direction. Such slabs are designed as one-way slabs.
 You can easily verify these bending moment ideas by supporting a sheet
of paper on two opposite sides or on four sides with the support situation
described.

Types of Slabs

1. One-way slabs
2. Two-way slabs
3. One-way ribbed slabs
4. Two-way ribbed slabs
5. Flat slabs
6. Flat plate

This chapter focuses on one-way slabs and continuous beams.

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Figure 16 Slab Systems [7]

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One-way Slabs Versus Two-way Slabs

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6.3.1 Classwork

Classify the following slab systems into one-way and two-way systems, then
draw the direction of the main reinforcement

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Load Path from slabs to the supports

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Design of One-way Slabs

 If a slab is supported on two opposite sides only, it will bend or deflect in a

direction perpendicular to the supported edges. The structural action is one
way, and the loads are carried by the slab in the deflected short direction.
This type of slab is called a one-way slab. [5]
 A one-way slab is assumed to be a rectangular beam with a large ratio of
width to depth.
 Normally, a 1m-wide piece of such a slab is designed as a beam (see
the Figure)
 The slab is assumed to consist of a series of such beams side by side. [1]
 The method of analysis is somewhat conservative because of the lateral
restraint provided by the adjacent parts of the slab.
 Normally, a beam will tend to expand laterally somewhat as it bends, but
this tendency to expand by each of the 1-m strips is resisted by the
adjacent 1-m.-wide strips, which tend to expand also.
 In other words, Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be zero.
 Actually, the lateral expansion tendency results in a very slight stiffening
of the beam strips, which is neglected in the design procedure used here.
[1]

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Minimum Depth of One-way Slabs (ACI318M-14)

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Minimum Reinforcement for Slabs (Shrinkage and

Temperature) [8]

Maximum Spacing of Reinforcing Bars in One-way Slabs

 Main Reinforcement: smaller of ( 3 h ) & ( 450 mm )

 Shrinkage and Temperature: smaller of ( 5 h ) & ( 450 mm )

EXTRA NOTES

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Simplified Method of Analysis – ACI Coefficient Method

 Continuous beams and frames can be analyzed using approximate methods or

computer programs, which are available commercially.
 Other methods, such as the displacement and force methods of analysis based
on the calculation of the stiffness and flexibility matrices, may also be adopted.
 Slope deflection and moment-distribution methods may also be used. These
methods are explained in books dealing with the structural analysis of beams
and frames.
 However, the ACI318M-14 Code, Section 6.5, gives approximate coefficients for
calculating the bending moments and shear forces in continuous beams and
slabs.
 The moments obtained using the ACI coefficients will be somewhat larger than
those arrived at by exact analysis.
 The limitations stated in the use of these coefficients must be met. [5]

6.9.1 Limitations of ACI coefficient method

1. Members are prismatic

2. Loads are uniformly distributed
3. L ≤ 3D (Un-factored)
4. There are at least two spans
5. The longer of two adjacent spans does not exceed the shorter by more
than 20 percent.

NOTE

In the structural analysis of continuous beams, the span length is taken from center
to center of the supports, which are treated as knife-edge supports. In practice, the
supports are always made wide enough to take the loads transmitted by the beam,
usually the moments acting at the face of supports. [5]

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6.9.2 Moment and Shear Coefficients – ACI318M-14

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Figure 17 Graphical Presentation of ACI coefficients [1]

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Simply Supported Versus Continuous Beams (Continuity)

Most cast-in-place concrete structures are monolithic, cast in a single piece. This
is an economical way to achieve continuity among framing elements such as
columns, girders, beams, and slabs.

Figure 18 [4]

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Classwork

Draw shear and moment diagrams for the following continuous members, Wu=70 kN/m

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Example 14

For the following slab system:

GIVEN:

𝑓 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; 𝑓 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Thickness of slab: 150mm

Main Reinforcement: Φ12mm @ 20cm c/c

REQUIRED

a) Compute the design moment capacity

b) Shrinkage Reinforcement
c) If the service superimposed dead load is 1 kPa, what is the maximum service
live load that the slab can carry safely.

SOLUTION

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Example 15

Design the following slab system using the given data.

GIVEN:

𝑓 = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; 𝑓 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; Width of supporting beams: 300mm

SOLUTION

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Homework

Given:

𝑓 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; 𝑓 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 ∶ 300𝑚𝑚 𝑥 300𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 4.0 ; 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 = 2.0 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
𝑇𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 6 𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 20
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 − 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 0.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

Required:

 Design the one-way slab system.

 Draw shear and moment diagrams for the beams along the gridlines 3 and 8
 Design the beams along the gridlines 3 and 8 for flexural and shear
resistance

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References

[1] J. K. Wight and J. G. MacGregore, Reinforced Concrete, Mechanics and

Design, 6th ed. 2012.

[2] C. V. R. Murty, R. Goswami, A. R. Vijayanarayanan, and V. V. Mehta,

Some Concepts in Earthquake Behavior of Buildings. .

[3] A. O. Aghayer and G. F. Limrunner, Reinforced Concrete Design, 8th ed.,

vol. 1. 2015.

[4] C. D. Buckner, Concrete Design, Second Edition. .

[5] D. N. Y. Abboushi, Reinforced Concrete, vol. 1–2. 2014.

[6] R. H. B. Jack C. McCormac, Design of Reinforced Concrete. 2014.

[7] A. H. Nilson, D. Darwin, and C. W. Dolan, Design of Concrete Structures,

14th ed. 2010.

[8] ACI Committee 318, Aci 318M-14. 2014.

[9] M. N. Hassoun and A. Al-Manaseer, Structural Concrete Theory and

Design, 6th ed. .

[10] Subramanian, Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures. 2013.

[11] A. M. Ibrahim, M. S. Mahmood, and Q. W. Ahmed, Design of Reinforced

Concrete Structures, First. Baghdad, 2011.

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