PURLINS AND GIRTS

CANADA
 Table of contents

Products, services and solutions

Introduction
Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Complete fabrication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Lateral stability of purlins
Distortional buckling (CSA S136-16 Section F4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Through-fastened or standing seam roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Discrete bracing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Examples of lateral stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Anchorage of purlin bracing (anti-roll safeguard). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Calculation example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Discrete bracing load coefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
C Sections – on 2:12 pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C Sections – on 4:12 pitch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Z Sections – on 2:12 pitch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Z Sections – on 4:12 pitch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
C Sections
C Section properties – metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Selection table – metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C Section properties – imperial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Selection table – imperial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Z Sections
Z Section properties – metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Selection table – metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Z Section properties – imperial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Selection table – imperial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Standard features
Assembly holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Fabrication marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Sag rod holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Overlapping Z sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Overlapping joints for sections ≤ 8¼ in. (210 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Overlapping joints for sections > 8¼ in. (210 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Connection details and accessories
Interior girt to column connection details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Exterior girt to corner column connection details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Interior girt to corner column connection details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Nomenclature
Nomenclature concordance (new vs. former). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Canam, Hambro, Murox, as well as all logos identifying the activities of Canam Group Inc., are trademarks of Canam
Group Inc.

3
 Products, services and solutions

Canam Group Inc. (“Canam”) specializes in the design and fabrication of steel joists
and joist girders, steel deck, purlins and girts, welded wideflange shapes (WWF),
load-bearing steel stud walls, Murox prefabricated building system, Econox
relocatable buildings and Hambro composite floor system. Canam offers value-
added engineering and drafting services, architectural flexibility and tailored
solutions and services.
Canam has redefined building design and construction with a collaborative
approach that can reduce installation time of building structures by up to 20%.
Because product quality, site supervision and deadlines are critical aspects for any
project, our reliability makes life easier for our clients. Furthermore, a rigorous site
management process has been developed to deliver projects on time. Modern
equipment, well-trained staff and quality products are what sets us apart. Regardless
of the project, Canam will meet your needs, while complying with current building
code requirements.
Our exceptional service means just-in-time delivery at your convenience. In order to
eliminate delays, our fleet of trucks delivers your product on time, regardless of your
location and schedule. Depending on the region and delivery point, steel products
up to 16 ft. (4.9 m) wide by 120 ft. (36.5 m) long can be transported. Canam is one of
the largest structural steel and steel joists manufacturers in North America.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
Although every effort was made to ensure that the information contained in this
catalog is factual and that the numerical values presented herein are consistent
with applicable standards, Canam does not assume any responsibility whatsoever
for errors or oversights that may result from the use or interpretation of this data.
Anyone making use of this catalog assumes all liability arising from such use. All
comments and suggestions for improvements to this publication are greatly
appreciated and will receive full consideration in future editions.

4
 Introduction

Purlins and girts are complementary products primarily used in walls and roofs of
structural steel buildings. All purlins and girts are cold-formed using high-performance
steel in order to maximise capacity over weight while meeting the strictest quality
standards.
Canam fabricates a complete range of C and Z sections for use as purlins and girts at
its plant in Boucherville, Quebec. The nominal depth of these sections varies from
6 in. (152 mm) to 14 in. (356 mm).

BENEFITS
The use of automated production equipment eliminates waste by cutting sections to
exact lengths which in turn translates into substantial cost savings for our clients.
Sections can also be manufactured from shop drawings provided to us by clients.
Upon request and at a very competitive price, a coat of red or grey primer, in
compliance with CPMA standard 1-73A, can be applied to cold-formed sections.

STEEL
Steel used to fabricate purlins and girts complies with the requirements of ASTM
A1011 HSLAS Standard.

DESIGN
Resistance and properties of all cold-formed C and Z sections comply with the
requirements of the CSA S136-16 North American Specification for the Design of Cold
Formed Steel Structural Members.

TOLERANCES
The fabrication tolerances of all cold-formed C and Z sections comply with those
specified in the CSA-A660-10 standard for the Certification of Manufacturers of Steel
Building Systems. Material thickness tolerances comply with standard CSA S136-16.

COMPLETE FABRICATION SERVICES

In addition to standard cut-to-length, punching and painting services, Canam offers
clients a complete fabrication solution for purlins and girts.
Clients who rely on Canam for the fabrication of purlins and girts, profit from multiple
benefits:
• A finished product delivered directly to site;
• Time saving (no product handling);
• Lower labor costs.
To obtain a quote or for additional information, please contact a Canam sales
representative.

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 Lateral stability of purlins

DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING (CSA S136-16 SECTION F4)

Purlins and girts are mainly designed as flexural members. The bending resistance
of flexural members are differentiated by whether or not the member is laterally
braced. If members are laterally supported across their full-length, they are designed
according to the nominal section resistance. Since the distortional buckling has an
intermediate buckling half wavelength, the distortional buckling needs to be
considered even for braced members.
Distortional buckling is characterized by the instability of the entire compression
flange which rotates about the web-flange junction. Distortional buckling may
govern the design in lipped sections where discrete bracing is present (preventing
lateral-torsional buckling) and where the compression flange is either not attached
or not fully engaged by fasteners which are spaced too far apart along the sheathing.
Presence of sheathing can restrict the flange rotation and increase the distortional
buckling capacity. However, it is conservative to neglect the rotational stiffness
provided by sheathing (kϕ). Due to large combinations of sheathing and attachments,
Canam tables provide conservative distortional buckling resisting moments by
neglecting the rotational stiffness (kϕ).

THROUGH-FASTENED OR STANDING SEAM ROOF

The use of a through-fastened or standing seam roof does not preclude the need for
proper purlins bracing. Standard practice shows that:
• Standing seam roof can only provide partial lateral stability.
• Through-fastened roof can provide lateral stability.
Although the roof structure can provide lateral stability, it does not provide any
torsional stability for Z and C sections. Discrete bracing should therefore be
incorporated in the design phase in order to control lateral-torsional buckling.

DISCRETE BRACING
A discrete brace can take a multitude of different forms as seen in the following
figures. All of these types of bracing are discrete because the movement is controlled
only at the particular brace point (Galambos 1998). The required bracing force and
stiffness for this type of brace is dependent on the number of braces provided.

EXAMPLES OF LATERAL STABILITY

Type 1

Symmetrical
Cut angles
along the ridge Ridge C section
at top flange
Angle cross braces

Eave strut

Top and bottom angles

Structural fasteners at
each purlin (typical)

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 Lateral stability of purlins

Type 2

Symmetrical
along the ridge Steel deck

Eave strut
C section bracing

Ridge
C section

C section for
discrete bracing

Clip angle Structural bolts

Purlin

ANCHORAGE OF PURLIN BRACING (ANTI-ROLL SAFEGUARD)

If no discrete bracing line is used, anchorage is required at each purlin support and
must be designed to resist in-plane forces. In certain instances, anti-roll clips may
also be necessary.

Purlin Anti-roll angle Purlin

Structural
fastener
Structural
fastener
Anti-roll
stiffener

Structural
bolts

Structural
bolts

If one or more discrete bracing lines are used between purlin supports, the supports
must be designed to resist in-plane forces as explained in the paragraph above.
Substantial anchorage is required for the discrete bracing line at each eave and
ridge end. The applied load on each line can be calculated according to standard
CSA S136-16 section I6.4.

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 Lateral stability of purlins
Purlin

(1) Fastener
(1) Fastener

Single Single
angle brace Angle cross angle brace
(every other span) braces (every other span)

Note:
The purlin bracing is installed the same way regardless of the secondary member
type being used, including C and Z sections, struts, angles, etc.

CALCULATION EXAMPLE
Snow load = 50 psf (2.4 kPa)
W ind (d
ow nwa
rd) = 12
.5 ps f (0
.6 k Pa)

)
(1.0 k Pa 26 ft.-2
ad = 21 ps f in. (8,0
D ead lo 0 0 mm
7 spac e )
s of 3 ft
.-7 in. (1
,10 0 m
m)

Ridge
C section

Z section W ind (u
plift) =
25 p s f
(1.2 k P
a)

2
12

Single span of L x = 19 ft.-8 in. (6,000 mm) with a 3 ft.-7 in. (1,100 mm) spacing
between Z sections. There are eight purlins [seven spaces of 3 ft.-7 in. (1,100 mm)]
per building slope with a roof pitch of 2:12 (angle of a = 9.46 degrees). The sloped
length of one side is 26 ft.-1 in. (8,000 mm) with 12 in. (300 mm) between the ridge
and the last section.
Loads Imperial Metric
dead load (dl) = 21.0 psf 1.0 kPa
snow load (sl) = 50.0 psf 2.4 kPa
gross wind downward load (wd) = 12.5 psf 0.6 kPa
gross wind uplift load (wu) = 25.0 psf 1.2 kPa

Step 1: Calculation of Z section wn and wt loads wn

Imperial Metric
wn dl = dl cos(a) × spacing 74.2 lb./ft. 1.09 kN/m
wn sl = sl [cos(a)]2 × spacing 174.3 lb./ft. 2.57 kN/m
wn wd = wd × spacing 44.8 lb./ft. 0.66 kN/m
wn wu = wu × spacing −89.6 lb./ft. −1.32 kN/m

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 Lateral stability of purlins

Imperial Metric
wt
wt dl = dl sin(a) × spacing 12.4 lb./ft. 0.18 kN/m
wt sl = sl cos(a) sin(a) × spacing 29.1 lb./ft. 0.43 kN/m

Step 2: Load combinations according to the 2015 National Building Code (NBC)
Gravity Imperial Metric
1.25 wn dl + 1.5 wn sl + 0.4 wn wd = 372.1 lb./ft. 5.48 kN/m
1.25 wn dl + 0.5 wn sl + 1.4 wn wd = 242.6 lb./ft. 3.57 kN/m
wnf = 372.1 lb./ft. 5.48 kN/m
wt f = 1.25 wt dl + 1.5 wt sl = 59.2 lb./ft. 0.87 kN/m

Uplift Imperial Metric

wnf(−) = 0.9 wn dl + 1.4 wn wu = −58.7 lb./ft. −0.87 kN/m

Step 3: Calculation of member internal forces

Single span Imperial Metric
Mfx = wnf × L2x /8 17.99 kip·ft. 24.66 kN·m
Mfy = wt f × L2t /8 0.72 kip·ft. 0.98 kN·m
Mf(−) = wnf(−) × L2x /8 −2.84 kip·ft. −3.92 kN·m
Vf = wnf × L x /2 3.66 kip 16.44 kN
Lt is the maximum distance between discrete bracings. According to the Canam
table, one row of discrete bracing is required at midspan.
Therefore, Lt = 9 ft.−10 in. (3,000 mm).

Step 4: Preliminary choice of a section

Section choice: 356Z76-326M (1400Z300-128)
Assumption: The standing seam roof, with connections at 24 in. (610 mm) c/c,
provides partial lateral support of the Z section’s compression flange.
Calculation of the positive moment
Canam table values Imperial Metric
Lt = 10 ft. 3,000 mm
Mu = 22.64 kip·ft. 31.66 kN·m
Mrx = Mu 22.64 kip·ft. 31.66 kN·m
Mry = 0.9 SyFy 4.99 kip·ft. 6.77 kN·m

Interaction equation Imperial Metric

Mfx /Mrx +Mfy/Mry = 0.94 < 1 0.92 < 1
ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE
Calculation of the negative moment
Canam table values Imperial Metric
Lt = 10 ft. 3,000 mm
Mr(−) = 22.64 kip·ft. 31.66 kN·m

Interaction Equation Imperial Metric

Mf(−) / Mr(−) = 0.13 < 1 0.12 < 1
ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE

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 Lateral stability of purlins

Calculation of shear
Canam table values Imperial Metric
Vr = 20.79 kip 92.48 kN

Interaction equation Imperial Metric

Vf / Vr = 0.18 < 1 0.18 < 1
ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE
Calculation of web crippling with 4 in. (100 mm) of bearing
Canam table values Imperial Metric
Pr = 5.50 kip 24.46 kN

Interaction equation Imperial Metric

Vf / Pr = 0.67 < 1 0.67 < 1
ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE

Reinforcement between the bearing and the support in the section’s web is not
required.
Calculation of deflection
Imperial Metric
180 x 5 (0.9 wn sl + 0.75 wn wd) x L 3x
Ix
min.(L/180) = = 16.58 in.4 7.00 × 106 mm4
384 x E

The Ix inertia of section 356Z76-326M is 77.4 in.4 (32.2 × 106 mm4), which is greater
than the minimum inertia.
Section 356Z76-326M is acceptable.

Step 5: Design of the row of bracing members and the ridge connection
As per Discrete bracing load coefficient table on page 16:
L x = 20 ft. (6,000 mm)
Roof slope = 2:12 pitch and one bracing line
Coefficient = 1.454 (0.438) / section / 1.0 kip/ft. (1.0 kN/m).
The factored vertical load is given by:

Imperial Metric
w vf = [1.25 wn dl + 1.5 wn sl] / cos(a) = 0.36 kip/ft. 5.29 kN/m

The axial load of eight sloped sections can then be calculated as follows:

Imperial Metric
Coefficient × 8 purlins × w vf = 4.2 kip / 18.5 kN /
bracing line bracing line
The discrete bracing line and the ridge beam must be designed to transfer the load
calculated above. Since the pitch is no greater than 2:12, welded angles with cross
bridging can be used as lateral restraints. The cross bridging will be placed at every
three spacings. Other types of lateral restraints may be used as shown previously.

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 Lateral stability of purlins

DISCRETE BRACING LOAD COEFFICIENTS

Coefficients presented in the tables on pages 12 to 19 are based on CSA S136-16
standard, Equation I6.4.1-2 shown below:

{[( 𝛼 cos 𝜃 - (C4) sin (𝜃)

] }
C2 Ixy L
Pi=(C1) Wpi )
1,000 Ix d
+ (C3)
(m + 0.25 b) t
d2

Where
Wpi = wi L
wi = Distributed gravity load per unit length
L = Purlin span length
m = Distance from shear center to mid-plane of web (m = 0 for Z sections)
b = Top flange width of purlin
t = Purlin thickness
𝛼 = + 1 for top flange facing in the up-slope direction
- 1 for top flange facing in the down-slope direction
𝜃 = Angle between vertical and plane of purlin web

Coefficients for equation I6.4.1-2 (CSA S136-16)

Standing seam, single span

Bracing Line C1 C2 C3 C4
0 = support only 0.5 8.3 28 0.61
1 = mid-point 1.0 7.5 15 0.62
2 = one-third point 0.5 7.3 21 0.73

Coefficients for equation I6.4.1-2 (CSA S136-16)

Through fastened, single span

Bracing Line C1 C2 C3 C4
0 = support only 0.5 8.2 33 0.99
1 = mid-point 1.0 7.6 44 0.96
2 = one-third point 0.5 7.8 42 0.98

Notes:
Lateral stiffness of restraints shall satisfy the minimum stiffness requirements of
Equation I6.4.1-7
Tables on pages 12 to 19 are valid only for the following conditions:
- Single span
- Standing seam roof
- Top flange facing up-slope direction
See section I6.4 (CSA S136-16) for more information and other conditions not shown
in tables.

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 Lateral stability of purlins

C Sections on 2:12 pitch

METRIC

dire ction
Discrete bracing load coefficients (Pn) – Standing seam roof cing up -slope
Top flange fa
at 9.46 degrees
Single span

Span (mm) 3,000 3,000 3,000 4,500 4,500 4,500 6,000 6,000 6,000 7,500 7,500 7,500

Bracing line 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
Section

152S70-144M -0.006 -0.151 -0.072 -0.009 -0.227 -0.108 -0.012 -0.302 -0.143 -0.015 -0.378 -0.179

152S70-181M 0.029 -0.113 -0.045 0.044 -0.170 -0.068 0.058 -0.227 -0.091 0.073 -0.283 -0.113

152S70-218M 0.064 -0.076 -0.019 0.096 -0.114 -0.029 0.128 -0.152 -0.038 0.160 -0.190 -0.048

152S70-254M 0.099 -0.039 0.007 0.148 -0.058 0.010 0.197 -0.078 0.014 0.247 -0.097 0.017

152S70-290M 0.133 -0.002 0.032 0.199 -0.003 0.049 0.266 -0.005 0.065 0.332 -0.006 0.081

152S70-326M 0.167 0.034 0.058 0.250 0.051 0.087 0.333 0.068 0.116 0.417 0.085 0.145

203S70-144M -0.074 -0.223 -0.122 -0.110 -0.335 -0.184 -0.147 -0.447 -0.245 -0.184 -0.558 -0.306

203S70-181M -0.055 -0.203 -0.108 -0.082 -0.305 -0.162 -0.110 -0.407 -0.217 -0.137 -0.508 -0.271

203S70-218M -0.036 -0.183 -0.094 -0.054 -0.275 -0.142 -0.072 -0.367 -0.189 -0.091 -0.459 -0.236

203S70-254M -0.018 -0.164 -0.081 -0.027 -0.246 -0.121 -0.036 -0.327 -0.161 -0.045 -0.409 -0.201

203S70-290M 0.000 -0.144 -0.067 0.001 -0.216 -0.100 0.001 -0.289 -0.134 0.001 -0.361 -0.167

203S70-326M 0.018 -0.125 -0.053 0.027 -0.187 -0.080 0.037 -0.250 -0.107 0.046 -0.312 -0.134

229S89-181M -0.056 -0.204 -0.109 -0.083 -0.306 -0.163 -0.111 -0.408 -0.218 -0.139 -0.510 -0.272

229S89-218M -0.037 -0.184 -0.095 -0.056 -0.276 -0.142 -0.074 -0.369 -0.190 -0.093 -0.461 -0.237

229S89-254M -0.019 -0.165 -0.081 -0.028 -0.247 -0.122 -0.037 -0.329 -0.162 -0.047 -0.411 -0.203

229S89-290M 0.000 -0.145 -0.068 -0.001 -0.218 -0.101 -0.001 -0.290 -0.135 -0.001 -0.363 -0.169

229S89-326M 0.018 -0.126 -0.054 0.026 -0.189 -0.081 0.035 -0.251 -0.108 0.044 -0.314 -0.135

254S89-144M -0.090 -0.241 -0.135 -0.135 -0.361 -0.202 -0.180 -0.482 -0.269 -0.225 -0.602 -0.337

254S89-181M -0.075 -0.225 -0.124 -0.113 -0.338 -0.185 -0.150 -0.450 -0.247 -0.188 -0.563 -0.309

254S89-218M -0.060 -0.209 -0.113 -0.091 -0.314 -0.169 -0.121 -0.419 -0.225 -0.151 -0.523 -0.281

254S89-254M -0.046 -0.194 -0.102 -0.069 -0.291 -0.152 -0.092 -0.387 -0.203 -0.115 -0.484 -0.254

254S89-290M -0.031 -0.178 -0.091 -0.047 -0.267 -0.136 -0.063 -0.356 -0.181 -0.078 -0.446 -0.227

254S89-326M -0.017 -0.163 -0.080 -0.026 -0.244 -0.120 -0.034 -0.326 -0.160 -0.043 -0.407 -0.200

305S89-181M -0.100 -0.252 -0.142 -0.150 -0.378 -0.213 -0.200 -0.504 -0.284 -0.250 -0.630 -0.356

305S89-218M -0.090 -0.241 -0.135 -0.135 -0.362 -0.202 -0.180 -0.483 -0.270 -0.226 -0.603 -0.337

305S89-254M -0.080 -0.231 -0.128 -0.121 -0.346 -0.191 -0.161 -0.462 -0.255 -0.201 -0.577 -0.319

305S89-290M -0.071 -0.220 -0.120 -0.106 -0.331 -0.180 -0.142 -0.441 -0.241 -0.177 -0.551 -0.301

305S89-326M -0.061 -0.210 -0.113 -0.092 -0.315 -0.170 -0.122 -0.420 -0.226 -0.153 -0.526 -0.283

356S89-218M -0.108 -0.260 -0.148 -0.162 -0.390 -0.222 -0.215 -0.520 -0.296 -0.269 -0.650 -0.370

356S89-254M -0.101 -0.253 -0.143 -0.151 -0.379 -0.214 -0.202 -0.505 -0.286 -0.252 -0.631 -0.357

356S89-290M -0.094 -0.245 -0.138 -0.141 -0.368 -0.206 -0.188 -0.490 -0.275 -0.235 -0.613 -0.344

356S89-326M -0.087 -0.238 -0.133 -0.131 -0.357 -0.199 -0.174 -0.476 -0.265 -0.218 -0.595 -0.331

Pn = load coefficient per purlin for 1 kN/m of factored vertical load per discrete bracing line (positive when restraint is required to prevent purlins from translating in the
up-slope roof direction).
Cumulative axial load in bracing line (kN) = number of purlins per slope x P n value indicated in the table x factored vertical load per purlin in kN/m.
Please refer to page 40 for former nomenclature of sections.

12
 Lateral stability of purlins

C Sections on 2:12 pitch

IMPERIAL
dire ction
Discrete bracing load coefficients (Pn) – Standing seam roof cing up -slope
Top flange fa
at 9.46 degrees
Single span

Span (ft.) 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 20 25 25 25

Bracing line 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
Section

600S275-57 -0.020 -0.504 -0.239 -0.030 -0.755 -0.359 -0.040 -1.007 -0.478 -0.050 -1.259 -0.598

600S275-71 0.097 -0.378 -0.151 0.146 -0.567 -0.226 0.195 -0.755 -0.302 0.243 -0.944 -0.377

600S275-86 0.214 -0.253 -0.064 0.320 -0.380 -0.096 0.427 -0.506 -0.128 0.534 -0.633 -0.159

600S275-100 0.329 -0.130 0.023 0.493 -0.195 0.034 0.658 -0.260 0.045 0.822 -0.324 0.056

600S275-114 0.443 -0.008 0.108 0.664 -0.012 0.162 0.885 -0.015 0.216 1.107 -0.019 0.270

600S275-128 0.556 0.113 0.193 0.833 0.170 0.289 1.111 0.226 0.385 1.389 0.283 0.482

800S275-57 -0.245 -0.745 -0.408 -0.368 -1.117 -0.612 -0.490 -1.489 -0.816 -0.613 -1.862 -1.020

800S275-71 -0.183 -0.678 -0.361 -0.274 -1.016 -0.541 -0.365 -1.355 -0.722 -0.456 -1.694 -0.902

800S275-86 -0.121 -0.611 -0.315 -0.181 -0.917 -0.472 -0.241 -1.223 -0.629 -0.302 -1.528 -0.786

800S275-100 -0.059 -0.546 -0.269 -0.089 -0.819 -0.403 -0.119 -1.092 -0.537 -0.149 -1.364 -0.672

800S275-114 0.001 -0.481 -0.223 0.002 -0.721 -0.335 0.002 -0.962 -0.446 0.003 -1.202 -0.558

800S275-128 0.061 -0.417 -0.178 0.092 -0.625 -0.267 0.122 -0.833 -0.356 0.153 -1.042 -0.445

900S350-71 -0.185 -0.680 -0.363 -0.278 -1.021 -0.544 -0.370 -1.361 -0.726 -0.463 -1.701 -0.907

900S350-86 -0.123 -0.614 -0.317 -0.185 -0.921 -0.475 -0.247 -1.228 -0.633 -0.308 -1.536 -0.791

900S350-100 -0.062 -0.549 -0.271 -0.093 -0.823 -0.406 -0.124 -1.097 -0.541 -0.155 -1.372 -0.676

900S350-114 -0.001 -0.484 -0.225 -0.002 -0.725 -0.338 -0.003 -0.967 -0.450 -0.004 -1.209 -0.563

900S350-128 0.059 -0.419 -0.180 0.088 -0.629 -0.270 0.118 -0.838 -0.360 0.147 -1.048 -0.450

1000S350-57 -0.300 -0.803 -0.449 -0.450 -1.205 -0.673 -0.600 -1.606 -0.898 -0.749 -2.008 -1.122

1000S350-71 -0.250 -0.750 -0.412 -0.376 -1.125 -0.618 -0.501 -1.501 -0.824 -0.626 -1.876 -1.029

1000S350-86 -0.201 -0.698 -0.375 -0.302 -1.047 -0.563 -0.403 -1.396 -0.750 -0.503 -1.744 -0.938

1000S350-100 -0.153 -0.646 -0.339 -0.229 -0.969 -0.508 -0.306 -1.291 -0.677 -0.382 -1.614 -0.846

1000S350-114 -0.105 -0.594 -0.302 -0.157 -0.891 -0.454 -0.209 -1.188 -0.605 -0.262 -1.485 -0.756

1000S350-128 -0.057 -0.543 -0.267 -0.085 -0.814 -0.400 -0.114 -1.086 -0.533 -0.142 -1.357 -0.667

1200S350-71 -0.334 -0.839 -0.474 -0.500 -1.259 -0.711 -0.667 -1.679 -0.948 -0.834 -2.098 -1.185

1200S350-86 -0.301 -0.804 -0.450 -0.451 -1.206 -0.674 -0.602 -1.609 -0.899 -0.752 -2.011 -1.124

1200S350-100 -0.268 -0.769 -0.425 -0.402 -1.154 -0.638 -0.537 -1.539 -0.850 -0.671 -1.924 -1.063

1200S350-114 -0.236 -0.735 -0.401 -0.354 -1.102 -0.602 -0.472 -1.470 -0.802 -0.590 -1.837 -1.003

1200S350-128 -0.204 -0.701 -0.377 -0.306 -1.051 -0.566 -0.408 -1.402 -0.754 -0.510 -1.752 -0.943

1400S350-86 -0.359 -0.867 -0.493 -0.538 -1.300 -0.740 -0.718 -1.733 -0.986 -0.897 -2.167 -1.233

1400S350-100 -0.336 -0.842 -0.476 -0.504 -1.263 -0.714 -0.672 -1.684 -0.952 -0.840 -2.105 -1.190

1400S350-114 -0.313 -0.817 -0.459 -0.470 -1.226 -0.688 -0.626 -1.635 -0.918 -0.783 -2.044 -1.147

1400S350-128 -0.290 -0.793 -0.442 -0.436 -1.190 -0.663 -0.581 -1.586 -0.884 -0.726 -1.983 -1.105

Pn = load coefficient per purlin for 1 kip/ft. of factored vertical load per discrete bracing line (positive when restraint is required to prevent purlins from translating in the
up-slope roof direction).
Cumulative axial load in bracing line (kip) = number of purlins per slope x Pn value indicated in the table x factored vertical load per purlin in kip/ft.
Please refer to page 40 for former nomenclature of sections.

13
 Lateral stability of purlins

C Sections on 4:12 pitch

METRIC

dire ction
Discrete bracing load coefficients (Pn) – Standing seam roof cing up -slope
Top flange fa
at 18.43 degrees
Single span

Span (mm) 3,000 3,000 3,000 4,500 4,500 4,500 6,000 6,000 6,000 7,500 7,500 7,500

Bracing line 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
Section

152S70-144M -0.150 -0.439 -0.242 -0.226 -0.659 -0.363 -0.301 -0.879 -0.484 -0.376 -1.098 -0.605

152S70-181M -0.117 -0.403 -0.217 -0.175 -0.605 -0.325 -0.233 -0.806 -0.433 -0.291 -1.008 -0.542

152S70-218M -0.083 -0.367 -0.192 -0.125 -0.551 -0.287 -0.166 -0.734 -0.383 -0.208 -0.918 -0.479

152S70-254M -0.050 -0.332 -0.167 -0.075 -0.497 -0.250 -0.100 -0.663 -0.333 -0.125 -0.829 -0.417

152S70-290M -0.017 -0.296 -0.142 -0.025 -0.444 -0.213 -0.034 -0.593 -0.284 -0.042 -0.741 -0.355

152S70-326M 0.016 -0.261 -0.118 0.023 -0.392 -0.176 0.031 -0.523 -0.235 0.039 -0.654 -0.294

203S70-144M -0.215 -0.509 -0.291 -0.323 -0.763 -0.436 -0.431 -1.018 -0.582 -0.538 -1.272 -0.727

203S70-181M -0.197 -0.490 -0.277 -0.296 -0.734 -0.416 -0.395 -0.979 -0.555 -0.493 -1.224 -0.693

203S70-218M -0.180 -0.470 -0.264 -0.269 -0.706 -0.396 -0.359 -0.941 -0.528 -0.449 -1.176 -0.660

203S70-254M -0.162 -0.452 -0.251 -0.243 -0.677 -0.376 -0.324 -0.903 -0.501 -0.405 -1.129 -0.627

203S70-290M -0.144 -0.433 -0.238 -0.217 -0.649 -0.356 -0.289 -0.866 -0.475 -0.361 -1.082 -0.594

203S70-326M -0.127 -0.414 -0.225 -0.191 -0.621 -0.337 -0.254 -0.829 -0.449 -0.318 -1.036 -0.561

229S89-181M -0.198 -0.490 -0.278 -0.297 -0.736 -0.417 -0.396 -0.981 -0.556 -0.495 -1.226 -0.695

229S89-218M -0.180 -0.471 -0.264 -0.270 -0.707 -0.397 -0.361 -0.943 -0.529 -0.451 -1.178 -0.661

229S89-254M -0.163 -0.452 -0.251 -0.244 -0.679 -0.377 -0.325 -0.905 -0.502 -0.407 -1.131 -0.628

229S89-290M -0.145 -0.434 -0.238 -0.218 -0.650 -0.357 -0.290 -0.867 -0.476 -0.363 -1.084 -0.595

229S89-326M -0.128 -0.415 -0.225 -0.192 -0.622 -0.338 -0.255 -0.830 -0.450 -0.319 -1.037 -0.563

254S89-144M -0.231 -0.526 -0.303 -0.347 -0.789 -0.454 -0.462 -1.052 -0.605 -0.578 -1.315 -0.757

254S89-181M -0.217 -0.511 -0.292 -0.325 -0.766 -0.438 -0.434 -1.021 -0.584 -0.542 -1.276 -0.730

254S89-218M -0.203 -0.495 -0.281 -0.304 -0.743 -0.422 -0.406 -0.991 -0.563 -0.507 -1.239 -0.703

254S89-254M -0.189 -0.480 -0.271 -0.283 -0.721 -0.406 -0.378 -0.961 -0.542 -0.472 -1.201 -0.677

254S89-290M -0.175 -0.466 -0.260 -0.262 -0.698 -0.391 -0.350 -0.931 -0.521 -0.437 -1.164 -0.651

254S89-326M -0.161 -0.451 -0.250 -0.242 -0.676 -0.375 -0.322 -0.901 -0.500 -0.403 -1.127 -0.625

305S89-181M -0.241 -0.536 -0.310 -0.361 -0.804 -0.465 -0.482 -1.073 -0.620 -0.602 -1.341 -0.775

305S89-218M -0.231 -0.526 -0.303 -0.347 -0.789 -0.454 -0.463 -1.052 -0.606 -0.579 -1.315 -0.757

305S89-254M -0.222 -0.516 -0.296 -0.333 -0.774 -0.444 -0.444 -1.032 -0.592 -0.555 -1.290 -0.740

305S89-290M -0.213 -0.506 -0.289 -0.319 -0.759 -0.433 -0.426 -1.012 -0.578 -0.532 -1.265 -0.722

305S89-326M -0.204 -0.496 -0.282 -0.305 -0.744 -0.423 -0.407 -0.993 -0.564 -0.509 -1.241 -0.705

356S89-218M -0.248 -0.544 -0.315 -0.372 -0.816 -0.473 -0.496 -1.088 -0.631 -0.621 -1.360 -0.789

356S89-254M -0.242 -0.537 -0.310 -0.362 -0.806 -0.466 -0.483 -1.074 -0.621 -0.604 -1.343 -0.776

356S89-290M -0.235 -0.530 -0.306 -0.353 -0.795 -0.458 -0.470 -1.060 -0.611 -0.588 -1.325 -0.764

356S89-326M -0.228 -0.523 -0.301 -0.343 -0.784 -0.451 -0.457 -1.046 -0.601 -0.571 -1.307 -0.752

Pn = load coefficient per purlin for 1 kN/m of factored vertical load per discrete bracing line (positive when restraint is required to prevent purlins from translating in the
up-slope roof direction).
Cumulative axial load in bracing line (kN) = number of purlins per slope x P n value indicated in the table x factored vertical load per purlin in kN/m.
Please refer to page 40 for former nomenclature of sections.

14
 Lateral stability of purlins

C Sections on 4:12 pitch

IMPERIAL
dire ction
Discrete bracing load coefficients (Pn) – Standing seam roof cing up -slope
Top flange fa
at 18.43 degrees
Single span

Span (ft.) 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 20 25 25 25

Bracing line 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
Section

600S275-57 -0.502 -1.465 -0.807 -0.752 -2.197 -1.211 -1.003 -2.929 -1.614 -1.254 -3.662 -2.018

600S275-71 -0.389 -1.344 -0.722 -0.583 -2.015 -1.083 -0.777 -2.687 -1.445 -0.972 -3.359 -1.806

600S275-86 -0.277 -1.224 -0.638 -0.415 -1.836 -0.958 -0.554 -2.448 -1.277 -0.692 -3.059 -1.596

600S275-100 -0.166 -1.105 -0.555 -0.249 -1.658 -0.833 -0.332 -2.210 -1.111 -0.415 -2.763 -1.388

600S275-114 -0.056 -0.988 -0.473 -0.085 -1.482 -0.710 -0.113 -1.975 -0.946 -0.141 -2.469 -1.183

600S275-128 0.052 -0.871 -0.392 0.078 -1.307 -0.588 0.104 -1.743 -0.784 0.130 -2.179 -0.980

800S275-57 -0.718 -1.696 -0.969 -1.077 -2.545 -1.454 -1.436 -3.393 -1.939 -1.795 -4.241 -2.423

800S275-71 -0.658 -1.632 -0.924 -0.987 -2.448 -1.386 -1.316 -3.264 -1.848 -1.645 -4.080 -2.311

800S275-86 -0.598 -1.568 -0.880 -0.898 -2.352 -1.319 -1.197 -3.137 -1.759 -1.496 -3.921 -2.199

800S275-100 -0.539 -1.505 -0.835 -0.809 -2.258 -1.253 -1.079 -3.010 -1.671 -1.349 -3.763 -2.089

800S275-114 -0.481 -1.443 -0.792 -0.722 -2.164 -1.188 -0.962 -2.886 -1.583 -1.203 -3.607 -1.979

800S275-128 -0.424 -1.381 -0.748 -0.635 -2.071 -1.123 -0.847 -2.762 -1.497 -1.059 -3.452 -1.871

900S350-71 -0.660 -1.635 -0.926 -0.990 -2.452 -1.389 -1.321 -3.269 -1.852 -1.651 -4.087 -2.315

900S350-86 -0.601 -1.571 -0.882 -0.901 -2.357 -1.322 -1.202 -3.142 -1.763 -1.502 -3.928 -2.204

900S350-100 -0.542 -1.508 -0.837 -0.813 -2.262 -1.256 -1.084 -3.016 -1.675 -1.355 -3.770 -2.093

900S350-114 -0.484 -1.445 -0.794 -0.725 -2.168 -1.190 -0.967 -2.891 -1.587 -1.209 -3.613 -1.984

900S350-128 -0.426 -1.383 -0.750 -0.639 -2.075 -1.125 -0.851 -2.767 -1.500 -1.064 -3.458 -1.875

1000S350-57 -0.771 -1.753 -1.009 -1.156 -2.629 -1.513 -1.541 -3.506 -2.018 -1.926 -4.382 -2.522

1000S350-71 -0.723 -1.702 -0.973 -1.085 -2.553 -1.460 -1.446 -3.404 -1.946 -1.808 -4.255 -2.433

1000S350-86 -0.676 -1.651 -0.938 -1.014 -2.477 -1.407 -1.352 -3.303 -1.876 -1.690 -4.129 -2.344

1000S350-100 -0.629 -1.601 -0.903 -0.944 -2.402 -1.354 -1.258 -3.203 -1.805 -1.573 -4.003 -2.257

1000S350-114 -0.583 -1.552 -0.868 -0.874 -2.328 -1.302 -1.166 -3.103 -1.736 -1.457 -3.879 -2.170

1000S350-128 -0.537 -1.502 -0.834 -0.805 -2.254 -1.250 -1.074 -3.005 -1.667 -1.342 -3.756 -2.084

1200S350-71 -0.803 -1.788 -1.033 -1.205 -2.681 -1.550 -1.606 -3.575 -2.066 -2.008 -4.469 -2.583

1200S350-86 -0.772 -1.754 -1.009 -1.157 -2.631 -1.514 -1.543 -3.508 -2.019 -1.929 -4.385 -2.524

1200S350-100 -0.740 -1.720 -0.986 -1.110 -2.581 -1.479 -1.481 -3.441 -1.972 -1.851 -4.301 -2.465

1200S350-114 -0.709 -1.687 -0.963 -1.064 -2.531 -1.444 -1.419 -3.374 -1.926 -1.773 -4.218 -2.407

1200S350-128 -0.679 -1.654 -0.940 -1.018 -2.481 -1.410 -1.357 -3.309 -1.880 -1.697 -4.136 -2.350

1400S350-86 -0.827 -1.814 -1.051 -1.241 -2.721 -1.577 -1.655 -3.628 -2.103 -2.069 -4.535 -2.629

1400S350-100 -0.805 -1.790 -1.035 -1.208 -2.685 -1.552 -1.611 -3.580 -2.070 -2.013 -4.475 -2.587

1400S350-114 -0.783 -1.767 -1.018 -1.175 -2.650 -1.528 -1.567 -3.533 -2.037 -1.958 -4.416 -2.546

1400S350-128 -0.762 -1.743 -1.002 -1.142 -2.615 -1.503 -1.523 -3.486 -2.004 -1.904 -4.358 -2.505

Pn = load coefficient per purlin for 1 kip/ft. of factored vertical load per discrete bracing line (positive when restraint is required to prevent purlins from translating in the
up-slope roof direction).
Cumulative axial load in bracing line (kip) = number of purlins per slope x Pn value indicated in the table x factored vertical load per purlin in kip/ft.
Please refer to page 40 for former nomenclature of sections.

15
 Lateral stability of purlins

Z Sections on 2:12 pitch

METRIC

dire ction
Discrete bracing load coefficients (Pn) – Standing seam roof cing up -slope
Top flange fa
at 9.46 degrees
Single span

Span (mm) 3,000 3,000 3,000 4,500 4,500 4,500 6,000 6,000 6,000 7,500 7,500 7,500

Bracing line 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
Section

152Z76-144M 0.026 -0.025 -0.031 0.133 0.132 0.035 0.302 0.402 0.157 0.534 0.784 0.333

152Z76-181M 0.039 -0.011 -0.022 0.152 0.153 0.050 0.328 0.429 0.176 0.565 0.818 0.357

152Z76-218M 0.052 0.003 -0.012 0.171 0.173 0.064 0.353 0.456 0.195 0.597 0.852 0.381

152Z76-253M 0.065 0.017 -0.002 0.191 0.194 0.079 0.379 0.483 0.214 0.629 0.886 0.405

152Z76-290M 0.078 0.030 0.007 0.210 0.214 0.093 0.404 0.511 0.233 0.661 0.920 0.429

152Z76-326M 0.091 0.044 0.017 0.229 0.235 0.107 0.430 0.538 0.253 0.693 0.954 0.453

203Z76-144M -0.056 -0.156 -0.101 -0.034 -0.145 -0.108 0.020 -0.075 -0.086 0.106 0.054 -0.035

203Z76-181M -0.049 -0.149 -0.095 -0.024 -0.134 -0.100 0.034 -0.060 -0.075 0.124 0.072 -0.022

203Z76-218M -0.041 -0.141 -0.090 -0.013 -0.123 -0.092 0.048 -0.046 -0.065 0.142 0.091 -0.009

203Z76-254M -0.034 -0.133 -0.084 -0.002 -0.111 -0.084 0.062 -0.031 -0.054 0.159 0.109 0.004

203Z76-290M -0.027 -0.126 -0.079 0.008 -0.100 -0.076 0.076 -0.016 -0.043 0.177 0.128 0.017

203Z76-326M -0.020 -0.118 -0.074 0.019 -0.089 -0.068 0.090 -0.001 -0.033 0.194 0.146 0.030

229Z76-181M -0.072 -0.185 -0.114 -0.070 -0.209 -0.139 -0.043 -0.188 -0.141 0.009 -0.122 -0.121

229Z76-218M -0.066 -0.179 -0.110 -0.061 -0.200 -0.132 -0.032 -0.177 -0.133 0.022 -0.108 -0.111

229Z76-254M -0.060 -0.173 -0.106 -0.053 -0.191 -0.126 -0.021 -0.165 -0.124 0.036 -0.093 -0.100

229Z76-290M -0.055 -0.167 -0.102 -0.045 -0.182 -0.120 -0.010 -0.153 -0.116 0.050 -0.079 -0.090

229Z76-326M -0.049 -0.161 -0.097 -0.036 -0.173 -0.113 0.001 -0.142 -0.108 0.064 -0.065 -0.080

254Z76-181M -0.088 -0.210 -0.128 -0.102 -0.262 -0.166 -0.097 -0.278 -0.187 -0.072 -0.259 -0.191

254Z76-218M -0.083 -0.205 -0.125 -0.096 -0.254 -0.161 -0.088 -0.268 -0.180 -0.061 -0.247 -0.182

254Z76-254M -0.079 -0.200 -0.121 -0.089 -0.247 -0.156 -0.079 -0.259 -0.174 -0.050 -0.235 -0.174

254Z76-290M -0.074 -0.195 -0.118 -0.082 -0.240 -0.151 -0.070 -0.250 -0.167 -0.039 -0.224 -0.166

254Z76-326M -0.070 -0.190 -0.114 -0.075 -0.233 -0.146 -0.061 -0.240 -0.160 -0.028 -0.212 -0.157

305Z76-181M -0.109 -0.242 -0.145 -0.144 -0.328 -0.201 -0.166 -0.391 -0.245 -0.175 -0.431 -0.279

305Z76-218M -0.105 -0.239 -0.143 -0.139 -0.323 -0.198 -0.160 -0.385 -0.241 -0.167 -0.423 -0.273

305Z76-254M -0.102 -0.235 -0.141 -0.134 -0.318 -0.194 -0.153 -0.378 -0.236 -0.160 -0.415 -0.267

305Z76-290M -0.099 -0.232 -0.138 -0.129 -0.313 -0.190 -0.147 -0.372 -0.232 -0.152 -0.407 -0.261

305Z76-326M -0.096 -0.229 -0.136 -0.125 -0.309 -0.187 -0.141 -0.365 -0.227 -0.144 -0.399 -0.256

356Z76-181M -0.121 -0.261 -0.155 -0.168 -0.367 -0.221 -0.206 -0.457 -0.280 -0.235 -0.531 -0.330

356Z76-218M -0.118 -0.258 -0.154 -0.164 -0.363 -0.219 -0.201 -0.453 -0.276 -0.229 -0.526 -0.326

356Z76-254M -0.116 -0.256 -0.152 -0.161 -0.360 -0.216 -0.197 -0.448 -0.273 -0.224 -0.520 -0.321

356Z76-290M -0.114 -0.253 -0.150 -0.157 -0.356 -0.214 -0.192 -0.443 -0.269 -0.218 -0.514 -0.317

356Z76-326M -0.111 -0.251 -0.148 -0.154 -0.353 -0.211 -0.188 -0.438 -0.266 -0.212 -0.508 -0.313

Pn = load coefficient per purlin for 1 kN/m of factored vertical load per discrete bracing line (positive when restraint is required to prevent purlins from translating in the
up-slope roof direction).
Cumulative axial load in bracing line (kN) = number of purlins per slope x P n value indicated in the table x factored vertical load per purlin in kN/m.
Please refer to page 40 for former nomenclature of sections.

16
 Lateral stability of purlins

Z Sections on 2:12 pitch

IMPERIAL
dire ction
Discrete bracing load coefficients (Pn) – Standing seam roof cing up -slope
Top flange fa
at 9.46 degrees
Single span

Span (ft.) 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 20 25 25 25

Bracing line 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
Section

600Z300-57 0.094 -0.070 -0.099 0.458 0.467 0.131 1.033 1.387 0.546 1.820 2.689 1.147

600Z300-71 0.137 -0.025 -0.067 0.522 0.536 0.179 1.119 1.478 0.610 1.927 2.802 1.227

600Z300-86 0.180 0.021 -0.034 0.586 0.604 0.227 1.204 1.569 0.674 2.033 2.915 1.307

600Z300-100 0.223 0.067 -0.002 0.651 0.673 0.275 1.289 1.660 0.738 2.139 3.028 1.386

600Z300-114 0.266 0.113 0.030 0.715 0.741 0.323 1.375 1.750 0.802 2.246 3.141 1.466

600Z300-128 0.309 0.159 0.062 0.779 0.809 0.371 1.460 1.841 0.866 2.352 3.254 1.545

800Z300-57 -0.182 -0.514 -0.332 -0.107 -0.470 -0.352 0.079 -0.226 -0.274 0.376 0.219 -0.098

800Z300-71 -0.158 -0.489 -0.314 -0.071 -0.433 -0.325 0.126 -0.176 -0.238 0.435 0.280 -0.054

800Z300-86 -0.134 -0.463 -0.296 -0.036 -0.395 -0.298 0.174 -0.127 -0.203 0.494 0.342 -0.011

800Z300-100 -0.111 -0.438 -0.278 0.000 -0.357 -0.272 0.221 -0.077 -0.168 0.552 0.403 0.033

800Z300-114 -0.087 -0.412 -0.260 0.036 -0.320 -0.245 0.268 -0.027 -0.133 0.611 0.464 0.077

800Z300-128 -0.063 -0.387 -0.242 0.071 -0.282 -0.218 0.315 0.022 -0.097 0.670 0.526 0.121

900Z300-71 -0.236 -0.610 -0.379 -0.227 -0.686 -0.457 -0.133 -0.608 -0.460 0.045 -0.377 -0.389

900Z300-86 -0.217 -0.590 -0.365 -0.199 -0.656 -0.436 -0.096 -0.569 -0.432 0.091 -0.329 -0.355

900Z300-100 -0.198 -0.570 -0.351 -0.171 -0.627 -0.415 -0.059 -0.530 -0.405 0.137 -0.282 -0.320

900Z300-114 -0.179 -0.550 -0.337 -0.143 -0.597 -0.394 -0.022 -0.491 -0.377 0.183 -0.234 -0.286

900Z300-128 -0.161 -0.530 -0.323 -0.115 -0.567 -0.373 0.015 -0.453 -0.349 0.229 -0.186 -0.252

1000Z300-71 -0.291 -0.696 -0.425 -0.336 -0.863 -0.550 -0.316 -0.911 -0.616 -0.228 -0.838 -0.624

1000Z300-86 -0.276 -0.680 -0.413 -0.314 -0.840 -0.533 -0.286 -0.880 -0.593 -0.191 -0.800 -0.596

1000Z300-100 -0.260 -0.663 -0.402 -0.291 -0.816 -0.516 -0.256 -0.848 -0.571 -0.154 -0.761 -0.568

1000Z300-114 -0.245 -0.647 -0.391 -0.268 -0.792 -0.499 -0.226 -0.817 -0.549 -0.117 -0.723 -0.541

1000Z300-128 -0.230 -0.631 -0.379 -0.246 -0.768 -0.482 -0.196 -0.786 -0.527 -0.080 -0.684 -0.513

1200Z300-71 -0.361 -0.804 -0.483 -0.476 -1.089 -0.667 -0.547 -1.295 -0.813 -0.575 -1.422 -0.921

1200Z300-86 -0.350 -0.793 -0.475 -0.460 -1.072 -0.656 -0.527 -1.273 -0.798 -0.550 -1.395 -0.902

1200Z300-100 -0.339 -0.782 -0.467 -0.444 -1.056 -0.644 -0.506 -1.251 -0.783 -0.524 -1.369 -0.883

1200Z300-114 -0.329 -0.771 -0.459 -0.429 -1.039 -0.632 -0.485 -1.230 -0.767 -0.499 -1.343 -0.864

1200Z300-128 -0.318 -0.760 -0.452 -0.413 -1.023 -0.621 -0.464 -1.208 -0.752 -0.473 -1.316 -0.845

1400Z300-71 -0.401 -0.868 -0.517 -0.557 -1.220 -0.736 -0.682 -1.517 -0.928 -0.777 -1.760 -1.094

1400Z300-86 -0.394 -0.860 -0.511 -0.545 -1.208 -0.727 -0.667 -1.502 -0.917 -0.759 -1.741 -1.080

1400Z300-100 -0.386 -0.851 -0.506 -0.534 -1.196 -0.719 -0.652 -1.486 -0.906 -0.740 -1.722 -1.066

1400Z300-114 -0.378 -0.843 -0.500 -0.522 -1.184 -0.710 -0.637 -1.470 -0.895 -0.721 -1.703 -1.052

1400Z300-128 -0.370 -0.835 -0.494 -0.511 -1.172 -0.702 -0.622 -1.454 -0.883 -0.702 -1.683 -1.038

Pn = load coefficient per purlin for 1 kip/ft. of factored vertical load per discrete bracing line (positive when restraint is required to prevent purlins from translating in the
up-slope roof direction).
Cumulative axial load in bracing line (kip) = number of purlins per slope x Pn value indicated in the table x factored vertical load per purlin in kip/ft.
Please refer to page 40 for former nomenclature of sections.

17
 Lateral stability of purlins

Z Sections on 4:12 pitch

METRIC

dire ction
Discrete bracing load coefficients (Pn) – Standing seam roof cing up -slope
Top flange fa
at 18.43 degrees
Single span

Span (mm) 3,000 3,000 3,000 4,500 4,500 4,500 6,000 6,000 6,000 7,500 7,500 7,500

Bracing line 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
Section

152Z76-144M -0.119 -0.318 -0.203 -0.089 -0.314 -0.226 0.001 -0.202 -0.195 0.151 0.019 -0.112

152Z76-181M -0.107 -0.305 -0.194 -0.071 -0.294 -0.212 0.026 -0.176 -0.177 0.182 0.052 -0.089

152Z76-218M -0.095 -0.291 -0.185 -0.052 -0.275 -0.198 0.050 -0.149 -0.159 0.213 0.084 -0.066

152Z76-253M -0.082 -0.278 -0.175 -0.034 -0.255 -0.184 0.075 -0.123 -0.140 0.244 0.117 -0.043

152Z76-290M -0.070 -0.265 -0.166 -0.015 -0.235 -0.170 0.100 -0.097 -0.122 0.274 0.149 -0.020

152Z76-326M -0.058 -0.252 -0.157 0.003 -0.215 -0.156 0.124 -0.071 -0.103 0.305 0.182 0.003

203Z76-144M -0.198 -0.444 -0.270 -0.250 -0.581 -0.363 -0.271 -0.661 -0.429 -0.259 -0.683 -0.467

203Z76-181M -0.191 -0.437 -0.265 -0.240 -0.570 -0.355 -0.257 -0.646 -0.419 -0.242 -0.666 -0.454

203Z76-218M -0.184 -0.430 -0.259 -0.230 -0.559 -0.348 -0.243 -0.632 -0.408 -0.226 -0.648 -0.441

203Z76-254M -0.178 -0.422 -0.254 -0.219 -0.548 -0.340 -0.230 -0.618 -0.398 -0.209 -0.630 -0.429

203Z76-290M -0.171 -0.415 -0.249 -0.209 -0.537 -0.332 -0.216 -0.603 -0.388 -0.192 -0.613 -0.416

203Z76-326M -0.164 -0.408 -0.244 -0.199 -0.527 -0.325 -0.202 -0.589 -0.378 -0.175 -0.595 -0.404

229Z76-181M -0.214 -0.472 -0.283 -0.284 -0.642 -0.393 -0.331 -0.769 -0.482 -0.353 -0.853 -0.549

229Z76-218M -0.208 -0.466 -0.279 -0.276 -0.634 -0.387 -0.320 -0.758 -0.474 -0.340 -0.839 -0.539

229Z76-254M -0.203 -0.460 -0.275 -0.268 -0.625 -0.381 -0.309 -0.747 -0.466 -0.327 -0.825 -0.529

229Z76-290M -0.197 -0.454 -0.271 -0.260 -0.617 -0.375 -0.299 -0.736 -0.458 -0.314 -0.811 -0.520

229Z76-326M -0.192 -0.448 -0.267 -0.252 -0.608 -0.369 -0.288 -0.724 -0.450 -0.300 -0.797 -0.510

254Z76-181M -0.229 -0.496 -0.296 -0.315 -0.693 -0.419 -0.383 -0.855 -0.526 -0.431 -0.984 -0.616

254Z76-218M -0.225 -0.491 -0.293 -0.309 -0.686 -0.415 -0.374 -0.846 -0.520 -0.421 -0.973 -0.608

254Z76-254M -0.220 -0.487 -0.290 -0.302 -0.679 -0.410 -0.366 -0.837 -0.513 -0.410 -0.962 -0.600

254Z76-290M -0.216 -0.482 -0.286 -0.296 -0.672 -0.405 -0.357 -0.828 -0.507 -0.399 -0.951 -0.592

254Z76-326M -0.212 -0.477 -0.283 -0.289 -0.665 -0.400 -0.348 -0.819 -0.500 -0.388 -0.939 -0.584

305Z76-181M -0.249 -0.527 -0.313 -0.355 -0.757 -0.453 -0.449 -0.965 -0.582 -0.530 -1.150 -0.701

305Z76-218M -0.246 -0.524 -0.311 -0.351 -0.752 -0.450 -0.443 -0.958 -0.578 -0.523 -1.142 -0.695

305Z76-254M -0.243 -0.520 -0.308 -0.346 -0.747 -0.446 -0.437 -0.952 -0.573 -0.515 -1.135 -0.690

305Z76-290M -0.240 -0.517 -0.306 -0.342 -0.743 -0.443 -0.431 -0.946 -0.569 -0.508 -1.127 -0.684

305Z76-326M -0.237 -0.514 -0.304 -0.337 -0.738 -0.440 -0.425 -0.940 -0.565 -0.501 -1.119 -0.679

356Z76-181M -0.261 -0.545 -0.323 -0.378 -0.794 -0.473 -0.487 -1.028 -0.615 -0.588 -1.246 -0.750

356Z76-218M -0.259 -0.543 -0.321 -0.375 -0.791 -0.470 -0.483 -1.023 -0.612 -0.582 -1.241 -0.746

356Z76-254M -0.256 -0.540 -0.319 -0.372 -0.787 -0.468 -0.479 -1.019 -0.609 -0.577 -1.235 -0.742

356Z76-290M -0.254 -0.538 -0.318 -0.368 -0.784 -0.465 -0.474 -1.014 -0.605 -0.571 -1.230 -0.738

356Z76-326M -0.252 -0.536 -0.316 -0.365 -0.780 -0.463 -0.470 -1.010 -0.602 -0.566 -1.224 -0.734

Pn = load coefficient per purlin for 1 kN/m of factored vertical load per discrete bracing line (positive when restraint is required to prevent purlins from translating in the
up-slope roof direction).
Cumulative axial load in bracing line (kN) = number of purlins per slope x P n value indicated in the table x factored vertical load per purlin in kN/m.
Please refer to page 40 for former nomenclature of sections.

18
 Lateral stability of purlins

Z Sections on 4:12 pitch

IMPERIAL
dire ction
Discrete bracing load coefficients (Pn) – Standing seam roof cing up -slope
Top flange fa
at 18.43 degrees
Single span

Span (ft.) 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 20 25 25 25

Bracing line 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
Section

600Z300-57 -0.392 -1.048 -0.672 -0.283 -1.021 -0.740 0.029 -0.626 -0.629 0.545 0.135 -0.339

600Z300-71 -0.351 -1.004 -0.641 -0.221 -0.955 -0.694 0.111 -0.539 -0.568 0.647 0.244 -0.263

600Z300-86 -0.309 -0.960 -0.610 -0.159 -0.889 -0.647 0.194 -0.452 -0.506 0.750 0.353 -0.186

600Z300-100 -0.268 -0.916 -0.579 -0.098 -0.823 -0.601 0.276 -0.364 -0.445 0.852 0.461 -0.110

600Z300-114 -0.227 -0.872 -0.548 -0.036 -0.758 -0.555 0.358 -0.277 -0.383 0.954 0.570 -0.033

600Z300-128 -0.186 -0.828 -0.517 0.026 -0.692 -0.509 0.440 -0.190 -0.322 1.057 0.678 0.043

800Z300-57 -0.658 -1.475 -0.896 -0.826 -1.923 -1.204 -0.888 -2.178 -1.417 -0.844 -2.240 -1.537

800Z300-71 -0.635 -1.450 -0.879 -0.792 -1.887 -1.178 -0.843 -2.130 -1.383 -0.787 -2.181 -1.495

800Z300-86 -0.612 -1.426 -0.862 -0.758 -1.850 -1.153 -0.797 -2.082 -1.350 -0.731 -2.122 -1.453

800Z300-100 -0.589 -1.401 -0.845 -0.723 -1.814 -1.127 -0.752 -2.035 -1.316 -0.674 -2.063 -1.411

800Z300-114 -0.566 -1.377 -0.828 -0.689 -1.778 -1.101 -0.707 -1.987 -1.282 -0.618 -2.004 -1.369

800Z300-128 -0.542 -1.353 -0.810 -0.655 -1.742 -1.076 -0.661 -1.939 -1.248 -0.562 -1.945 -1.327

900Z300-71 -0.709 -1.567 -0.942 -0.942 -2.130 -1.305 -1.093 -2.545 -1.597 -1.162 -2.814 -1.817

900Z300-86 -0.691 -1.548 -0.928 -0.915 -2.102 -1.285 -1.057 -2.508 -1.570 -1.118 -2.768 -1.784

900Z300-100 -0.673 -1.529 -0.915 -0.888 -2.073 -1.265 -1.021 -2.471 -1.543 -1.074 -2.722 -1.751

900Z300-114 -0.655 -1.510 -0.901 -0.861 -2.045 -1.245 -0.985 -2.433 -1.517 -1.029 -2.675 -1.718

900Z300-128 -0.637 -1.490 -0.887 -0.834 -2.016 -1.224 -0.950 -2.396 -1.490 -0.985 -2.629 -1.685

1000Z300-71 -0.762 -1.649 -0.986 -1.047 -2.301 -1.394 -1.268 -2.837 -1.746 -1.425 -3.257 -2.043

1000Z300-86 -0.747 -1.634 -0.975 -1.025 -2.278 -1.378 -1.239 -2.807 -1.725 -1.389 -3.220 -2.016

1000Z300-100 -0.733 -1.618 -0.964 -1.003 -2.255 -1.362 -1.210 -2.776 -1.704 -1.354 -3.183 -1.989

1000Z300-114 -0.718 -1.603 -0.953 -0.982 -2.232 -1.345 -1.182 -2.746 -1.682 -1.318 -3.146 -1.963

1000Z300-128 -0.703 -1.587 -0.942 -0.960 -2.209 -1.329 -1.153 -2.716 -1.661 -1.282 -3.109 -1.936

1200Z300-71 -0.829 -1.754 -1.042 -1.181 -2.518 -1.508 -1.491 -3.206 -1.936 -1.759 -3.818 -2.329

1200Z300-86 -0.819 -1.743 -1.034 -1.166 -2.502 -1.496 -1.471 -3.185 -1.922 -1.734 -3.793 -2.310

1200Z300-100 -0.809 -1.732 -1.027 -1.151 -2.486 -1.485 -1.451 -3.164 -1.907 -1.710 -3.767 -2.292

1200Z300-114 -0.799 -1.722 -1.019 -1.136 -2.470 -1.474 -1.431 -3.144 -1.892 -1.685 -3.742 -2.274

1200Z300-128 -0.788 -1.711 -1.011 -1.120 -2.454 -1.463 -1.411 -3.123 -1.877 -1.661 -3.717 -2.256

1400Z300-71 -0.868 -1.815 -1.075 -1.259 -2.644 -1.574 -1.621 -3.420 -2.047 -1.953 -4.144 -2.495

1400Z300-86 -0.861 -1.807 -1.069 -1.248 -2.632 -1.565 -1.606 -3.405 -2.036 -1.935 -4.125 -2.482

1400Z300-100 -0.853 -1.799 -1.063 -1.237 -2.620 -1.557 -1.591 -3.390 -2.025 -1.917 -4.107 -2.468

1400Z300-114 -0.846 -1.791 -1.058 -1.226 -2.609 -1.549 -1.577 -3.375 -2.015 -1.899 -4.088 -2.455

1400Z300-128 -0.839 -1.783 -1.052 -1.215 -2.597 -1.541 -1.562 -3.359 -2.004 -1.881 -4.070 -2.442

Pn = load coefficient per purlin for 1 kip/ft. of factored vertical load per discrete bracing line (positive when restraint is required to prevent purlins from translating in the
up-slope roof direction).
Cumulative axial load in bracing line (kip) = number of purlins per slope x Pn value indicated in the table x factored vertical load per purlin in kip/ft.
Please refer to page 40 for former nomenclature of sections.

19
 C Sections

C SECTION PROPERTIES
METRIC

Dimensions
d = section depth
b = flange width
h = lip length
t = steel thickness
C.G. = center of gravity
S.C. = shear center
r = inside bend radius = 3.2 mm

Properties
Ix eff. = effective moment of inertia about axis X-X at maximum compressive stress = 0.6 Fy
Sx eff. = effective elastic section modulus about axis X-X
r x = radius of gyration about axis X-X
Iy = gross moment of inertia about axis Y-Y
Sy eff. = effective elastic section modulus about axis Y-Y
r y = radius of gyration about axis Y-Y
J = St. Venant torsion constant
Cw = warping constant
Ag = gross area of section
x = distance from exterior fiber of web to center of gravity
xo = distance from shear center to center of gravity

Example
152S70-144M
152 = section depth (mm)
S = nomenclature
70 = flange width (mm)
144 = minimum steel thickness, i.e. 95% of the design thickness (10 -2 mm)
M = International System of Units (SI) designation (metric)

20
 C Sections

Section Dimension Property

d b h t I x eff. Sx eff. rx Iy S y eff. ry J Cw Ag x xo

Former
No. Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Gage x10 6 x10 3 x10 6 x10 3 x10 9
mm mm mm mm mm 4 mm 3 mm mm 4 mm 3 mm mm 4 mm 6 mm 2 mm mm

1 152S70-144M C152x4.3 152.4 69.9 25.4 1.52 16 1.84 22.06 60.89 0.37 7.46 27.09 389 2.04 503 24.41 59.30

2 152S70-181M C152x5.2 152.4 69.9 25.4 1.91 14 2.30 28.68 60.71 0.45 9.44 26.91 756 2.48 625 24.41 58.86

3 152S70-218M C152x6.0 152.4 69.9 25.4 2.29 13 2.73 35.86 60.52 0.53 11.38 26.74 1,300 2.90 746 24.41 58.41

4 152S70-254M C152x7.0 152.4 69.9 25.4 2.67 12 3.15 41.35 60.34 0.61 13.24 26.57 2,052 3.29 865 24.41 57.97

5 152S70-290M C152x8.3 152.4 69.9 25.4 3.05 11 3.56 46.70 60.16 0.69 15.03 26.40 3,045 3.66 983 24.41 57.52

6 152S70-326M C152x8.9 152.4 69.9 25.4 3.43 10 3.96 51.92 59.97 0.76 16.65 26.23 4,311 4.00 1,100 24.41 57.07

7 203S70-144M C203x5.1 203.2 69.9 25.4 1.52 16 3.59 32.58 79.26 0.41 7.51 26.47 449 3.60 580 21.25 53.32

8 203S70-181M C203x6.0 203.2 69.9 25.4 1.91 14 4.51 42.24 79.05 0.50 9.52 26.29 873 4.40 722 21.26 52.89

9 203S70-218M C203x7.0 203.2 69.9 25.4 2.29 13 5.36 52.76 78.85 0.59 11.50 26.11 1,502 5.15 862 21.27 52.46

10 203S70-254M C203x8.0 203.2 69.9 25.4 2.67 12 6.19 60.94 78.65 0.67 13.42 25.94 2,373 5.86 1,001 21.28 52.03

11 203S70-290M C203x9.1 203.2 69.9 25.4 3.05 11 7.00 68.94 78.45 0.76 15.27 25.76 3,525 6.53 1,138 21.29 51.60

12 203S70-326M C203x10.6 203.2 69.9 25.4 3.43 10 7.80 76.78 78.25 0.83 17.04 25.59 4,994 7.17 1,274 21.30 51.17

13 229S89-181M C229x6.8 228.6 88.9 25.4 1.91 14 6.73 52.42 90.41 0.92 13.44 33.02 1,020 9.82 843 26.97 66.63

14 229S89-218M C229x8.0 228.6 88.9 25.4 2.29 13 8.20 63.38 90.21 1.09 16.33 32.84 1,755 11.55 1,007 26.98 66.19

15 229S89-254M C229x9.4 228.6 88.9 25.4 2.67 12 9.48 76.11 90.01 1.25 19.16 32.66 2,775 13.19 1,170 26.98 65.75

16 229S89-290M C229x10.7 228.6 88.9 25.4 3.05 11 10.74 89.95 89.81 1.40 21.93 32.48 4,124 14.77 1,332 26.98 65.31

17 229S89-326M C229x11.9 228.6 88.9 25.4 3.43 10 11.98 101.80 89.62 1.56 24.62 32.30 5,847 16.27 1,492 26.99 64.87

18 254S89-144M C254x5.7 254.0 88.9 25.4 1.52 16 6.77 43.21 99.59 0.77 10.57 32.83 554 10.03 716 25.55 64.39

19 254S89-181M C254x7.0 254.0 88.9 25.4 1.91 14 8.60 60.37 99.39 0.95 13.47 32.64 1,078 12.29 891 25.56 63.95

20 254S89-218M C254x8.6 254.0 88.9 25.4 2.29 13 10.48 73.19 99.18 1.12 16.37 32.46 1,856 14.46 1,065 25.57 63.52

21 254S89-254M C254x10.0 254.0 88.9 25.4 2.67 12 12.13 87.77 98.98 1.29 19.23 32.28 2,935 16.54 1,238 25.58 63.09

22 254S89-290M C254x11.3 254.0 88.9 25.4 3.05 11 13.75 103.64 98.77 1.45 22.02 32.10 4,364 18.52 1,409 25.58 62.66

23 254S89-326M C254x12.7 254.0 88.9 25.4 3.43 10 15.34 117.31 98.57 1.61 24.73 31.92 6,189 20.42 1,579 25.59 62.22

24 305S89-181M C305x8.0 304.8 88.9 25.4 1.91 14 13.20 71.59 116.94 1.00 13.51 31.86 1,195 18.28 988 23.15 59.27

25 305S89-218M C305x9.5 304.8 88.9 25.4 2.29 13 16.09 94.32 116.72 1.19 16.43 31.67 2,058 21.52 1,182 23.17 58.85

26 305S89-254M C305x11 304.8 88.9 25.4 2.67 12 18.64 112.85 116.50 1.36 19.32 31.49 3,256 24.64 1,373 23.18 58.44

27 305S89-290M C305x12.5 304.8 88.9 25.4 3.05 11 21.15 133.00 116.28 1.53 22.15 31.31 4,844 27.62 1,564 23.20 58.02

28 305S89-326M C305x14.0 304.8 88.9 25.4 3.43 10 23.61 150.55 116.06 1.70 24.90 31.12 6,871 30.48 1,753 23.22 57.60

29 356S89-218M C356x10.4 355.6 88.9 25.4 2.29 13 23.23 108.67 133.82 1.24 16.48 30.87 2,260 30.30 1,298 21.20 54.89

30 356S89-254M C356x12.1 355.6 88.9 25.4 2.67 12 26.93 140.25 133.58 1.42 19.38 30.69 3,578 34.71 1,509 21.22 54.48

31 356S89-290M C356x13.8 355.6 88.9 25.4 3.05 11 30.56 165.02 133.34 1.60 22.24 30.50 5,323 38.94 1,719 21.25 54.08

32 356S89-326M C356x15.5 355.6 88.9 25.4 3.43 10 34.15 186.78 133.11 1.77 25.02 30.32 7,554 43.00 1,927 21.28 53.68

21
 C Sections

SELECTION TABLE
Resistance
METRIC

Fy = steel yield strength = 345 MPa

Vr = factored shear strength Distortional
Br int. = factored web crippling strength with 102 mm of interior support Section Web crippling
buckling
Br ext.= factored web crippling strength with 102 mm of exterior support
Mr = factored moment resistance considering lateral and distortional No. Nomenclature
Vr Br ext. Br int. Mr

buckling kN kN kN kN·m

Design assumptions 1 152S70-144M 19.4 6.0 10.8 6.27

• The values in the table have been calculated according to Limit States 2 152S70-181M 33.7 9.0 16.9 8.40
Design (LSD) and CSA S136-16 standard for cold-formed steel.
3 152S70-218M 48.5 12.7 24.3 10.60
• Shaded Mr values indicates that distortional buckling may govern the
design for the given section if the compression flange is not restrained 4 152S70-254M 60.3 16.8 33.0 12.82

against distortional buckling. 5 152S70-290M 68.5 21.5 43.0 14.49

• The design engineer shall determine the cases when distortional buckling 6 152S70-326M 76.5 26.7 54.2 16.11
is applicable.
7 203S70-144M 14.3 5.7 10.6 8.63
• Rotational rigidity of the sheathing is neglected (kϕ = 0) and moment
gradient factor has been conservatively set to 1 (ß= 1) for the calculation of 8 203S70-181M 28.1 8.7 16.6 11.64
the distortional buckling resistance. 9 203S70-218M 48.5 12.3 24.0 14.80
• The web crippling resistance is calculated with one flange loading condition. 10 203S70-254M 66.1 16.4 32.6 18.04
• The shear resistance is taken as the minimum between the elastic 11 203S70-290M 86.3 20.9 42.4 21.32
resistance (Fy) of the gross section and the plastic resistance (Fu)
of the net section. 12 203S70-326M 107.8 26.0 53.5 23.82

• The net section for shear is taken with: 13 229S89-181M 24.9 8.6 16.5 14.07

− 2 bolt holes of 14 mm diameter for section depth d < 203 mm 14 229S89-218M 43.1 12.1 23.8 18.02
− 3 bolt holes of 14 mm diameter for section depth d ≥ 203 mm
15 229S89-254M 66.1 16.1 32.4 22.14
Example – Wall girt selection
16 229S89-290M 86.3 20.7 42.2 26.39
Single span: 7,500 mm
17 229S89-326M 109.2 25.7 53.3 30.72
Girt spacing: 1,600 mm
Positive external wind pressure: 0.38 + 0.32 = 0.70 kPa 18 254S89-144M 11.4 5.5 10.4 11.56
Negative external wind pressure: 0.28 + 0.32 = 0.60 kPa
19 254S89-181M 22.3 8.5 16.4 15.76
Two rows of discrete bracing are used to prevent the section from buckling
at a third of the span. 20 254S89-218M 38.6 11.9 23.7 20.23
Metal siding is fixed to the exterior flange at 300 mm c/c. The cladding is
21 254S89-254M 61.5 15.9 32.2 24.92
considered to prevent distortional buckling and lateral-torsional buckling.
Deflections are limited to span / 180 considering the wall composition. 22 254S89-290M 86.3 20.4 42.0 29.76

Positive w f = 1.4 x 0.70 kPa x 1.6 m = 1.57 kN/m 23 254S89-326M 109.2 25.4 53.0 34.72
Negative w f = 1.4 x 0.60 kPa x 1.6 m = 1.34 kN/m
Mf+ = 1.57 kN/m x (7.5 m)2 / 8 = 11.04 kN•m 24 305S89-181M 18.4 8.2 16.2 19.10

Mf- = 1.34 kN/m x (7.5 m)2 / 8 = 9.45 kN•m 25 305S89-218M 31.9 11.6 23.4 24.63
Vf = 1.57 kN/m x 7.5 m / 2 = 5.89 kN
26 305S89-254M 50.8 15.6 31.9 30.47
Imin. (deflection < span / 180) = 180 x 5 x 0.75 x 1.12 kN/m x (7,500 mm)3
384 x 203,000 MPa 27 305S89-290M 76.1 20.0 41.6 36.55

Imin. = 4.1 x 106 mm4 28 305S89-326M 108.6 24.9 52.5 42.81

The Properties table lists many sections with a value of Ix greater than Imin. 29 356S89-218M 27.2 11.3 23.2 28.91
203S70-254M Ix = 6.19 x 106 mm4
229S89-181M Ix = 6.73 x 106 mm4 30 356S89-254M 43.3 15.2 31.6 35.90

254S89-144M Ix = 6.77 x 106 mm4 31 356S89-290M 64.8 19.6 41.2 43.23

The sections can be verified with the use of the selection tables: 32 356S89-326M 92.5 24.5 52.1 50.84
Mr+ = Mr @ 0 m > Mf+
Mr- = min. (Mr flexural-torsional @ 2.5m, Mr distortional buckling) > Mf-
The discrete bracings must be connected to the section according to
standard S136-16.
Vr > Vf
Pr> Vf  except for 254S89-144M
If this section is chosen, the connection to the support must be made by
bolting the web in order to prevent web crippling over the support.

22
 C Sections

Lateral-torsional buckling
M r (kN·m) unsupported length (mm) Nomenclature
(imperial)
0 1,500 1,800 2,100 2,400 2,700 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000

6.84 6.84 6.61 6.30 5.95 5.54 5.07 4.16 3.27 2.62 2.16 1.81 1.55 1.34 1.18 1.05 0.94 600S275-57

8.90 8.90 8.66 8.34 7.84 7.28 6.58 5.29 4.13 3.33 2.76 2.33 2.01 1.75 1.55 1.39 1.25 600S275-71

11.13 11.13 10.67 10.08 9.41 8.67 7.86 6.38 5.02 4.08 3.40 2.90 2.52 2.21 1.97 1.78 1.61 600S275-86

12.83 12.83 12.30 11.62 10.87 10.04 9.14 7.51 5.96 4.88 4.10 3.52 3.08 2.73 2.44 2.21 2.02 600S275-100

14.49 14.49 13.89 13.14 12.31 11.40 10.42 8.67 6.96 5.75 4.86 4.20 3.70 3.29 2.97 2.70 2.48 600S275-114

16.11 16.11 15.45 14.63 13.73 12.76 11.72 9.87 8.03 6.67 5.69 4.95 4.37 3.91 3.54 3.24 2.98 600S275-128

10.11 10.11 9.69 9.20 8.63 7.97 7.22 5.77 4.49 3.58 2.93 2.45 2.08 1.80 1.57 1.39 1.24 800S275-57

13.11 13.10 12.67 12.12 11.33 10.40 9.28 7.23 5.60 4.49 3.70 3.11 2.66 2.31 2.03 1.80 1.62 800S275-71

16.37 16.34 15.54 14.61 13.54 12.36 11.05 8.66 6.75 5.44 4.50 3.81 3.28 2.86 2.53 2.26 2.04 800S275-86

18.91 18.86 17.93 16.86 15.64 14.29 12.82 10.12 7.93 6.43 5.36 4.56 3.94 3.46 3.08 2.77 2.51 800S275-100

21.39 21.32 20.28 19.07 17.71 16.21 14.58 11.61 9.16 7.48 6.27 5.36 4.67 4.12 3.69 3.33 3.03 800S275-114

23.82 23.73 22.57 21.24 19.75 18.11 16.35 13.16 10.45 8.58 7.23 6.23 5.45 4.84 4.35 3.94 3.61 800S275-128

16.26 16.26 16.26 15.79 15.21 14.54 13.79 12.34 10.62 8.81 7.20 6.01 5.10 4.39 3.83 3.38 3.01 900S350-71

19.66 19.66 19.66 19.08 18.36 17.54 16.68 15.25 13.17 10.57 8.67 7.26 6.19 5.35 4.69 4.15 3.71 900S350-86

23.61 23.61 23.61 23.01 22.28 21.46 20.29 18.13 15.33 12.36 10.18 8.56 7.32 6.36 5.60 4.98 4.47 900S350-100

27.91 27.91 27.91 26.98 25.91 24.72 23.44 20.79 17.50 14.19 11.73 9.91 8.52 7.44 6.57 5.87 5.29 900S350-114

31.58 31.58 31.58 30.57 29.43 28.18 26.50 23.28 19.71 16.08 13.35 11.33 9.79 8.58 7.61 6.83 6.18 900S350-128

13.41 13.41 13.41 13.11 12.74 12.32 11.84 10.91 9.37 7.68 6.42 5.42 4.58 3.93 3.41 2.99 2.65 1000S350-57

18.73 18.73 18.73 18.22 17.52 16.73 15.84 14.13 12.09 9.97 8.13 6.78 5.75 4.94 4.30 3.79 3.37 1000S350-71

22.71 22.71 22.71 21.99 21.13 20.16 19.15 17.44 14.91 11.93 9.76 8.16 6.94 5.99 5.24 4.63 4.13 1000S350-86

27.23 27.23 27.23 26.48 25.61 24.63 23.24 20.69 17.33 13.91 11.43 9.59 8.19 7.10 6.23 5.53 4.95 1000S350-100

32.15 32.15 32.14 31.02 29.75 28.36 26.85 23.67 19.76 15.93 13.14 11.07 9.49 8.26 7.28 6.48 5.83 1000S350-114

36.39 36.39 36.36 35.15 33.80 32.33 30.31 26.48 22.21 17.99 14.90 12.60 10.85 9.48 8.39 7.50 6.77 1000S350-128

22.21 22.21 22.20 21.72 21.15 20.50 19.76 17.91 15.16 12.38 10.09 8.39 7.10 6.09 5.29 4.65 4.12 1200S350-71

29.26 29.26 29.22 28.23 27.08 25.77 24.43 22.08 18.55 14.77 12.07 10.06 8.53 7.35 6.40 5.64 5.02 1200S350-86

35.01 35.01 34.94 33.92 32.73 31.36 29.51 26.11 21.51 17.17 14.06 11.76 10.01 8.64 7.55 6.68 5.96 1200S350-100

41.26 41.26 41.14 39.65 37.96 36.10 34.07 29.72 24.45 19.58 16.09 13.49 11.52 9.98 8.76 7.77 6.96 1200S350-114

46.71 46.71 46.54 44.93 43.13 41.15 38.38 33.21 27.41 22.02 18.15 15.28 13.09 11.39 10.03 8.93 8.02 1200S350-128

33.72 33.72 33.64 32.88 32.00 31.00 30.11 27.01 22.36 17.77 14.49 12.06 10.21 8.77 7.63 6.70 5.95 1400S350-86

43.51 43.51 43.34 42.00 40.45 38.62 36.24 31.87 25.86 20.60 16.83 14.04 11.92 10.27 8.95 7.89 7.03 1400S350-100

51.20 51.20 50.91 49.00 46.84 44.44 41.84 36.14 29.35 23.43 19.19 16.05 13.67 11.81 10.33 9.13 8.15 1400S350-114

57.95 57.95 57.59 55.52 53.20 50.57 47.01 40.34 32.82 26.27 21.58 18.10 15.46 13.39 11.75 10.43 9.34 1400S350-128

23
 C Sections

C SECTION PROPERTIES
IMPERIAL

Dimensions
d = section depth
b = flange width
h = lip length
t = steel thickness
C.G. = center of gravity
S.C. = shear center
r = inside bend radius = 0.13 in.

Properties
Ix eff. = effective moment of inertia about axis X-X at maximum compressive stress = 0.6 Fy
Sx eff. = effective elastic section modulus about axis X-X
r x = radius of gyration about axis X-X
Iy = gross moment of inertia about axis Y-Y
Sy eff. = effective elastic section modulus about axis Y-Y
r y = radius of gyration about axis Y-Y
J = St. Venant torsion constant
Cw = warping constant
Ag = gross area of section
x = distance from exterior fiber of web to center of gravity
xo = distance from shear center to center of gravity

Example
600S275-57
600 = section depth (10 -2 in.)
S = nomenclature
275 = flange width (10 -2 in.)
57 = minimum steel thickness, i.e. 95% of the design thickness (10 -3 in.)

24
 C Sections

Section Dimension Property

d b h t I x eff. Sx eff. rx Iy S y eff. ry J Cw Ag x xo

Former
No. Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Gage x10ˉ³
in. in. in. in. in. 4 in. 3 in. in. 4 in. 3 in. in. 4 in. 6 in. 2 in. in.

1 600S275-57 C6x2.9 6.00 2.75 1.00 0.060 16 4.41 1.35 2.40 0.89 0.46 1.07 0.94 7.58 0.78 0.96 2.33

2 600S275-71 C6x3.5 6.00 2.75 1.00 0.075 14 5.54 1.75 2.39 1.09 0.58 1.06 1.82 9.23 0.97 0.96 2.32

3 600S275-86 C6x4.0 6.00 2.75 1.00 0.090 13 6.57 2.19 2.38 1.28 0.69 1.05 3.12 10.78 1.16 0.96 2.30

4 600S275-100 C6x4.7 6.00 2.75 1.00 0.105 12 7.57 2.52 2.38 1.47 0.81 1.05 4.93 12.25 1.34 0.96 2.28

5 600S275-114 C6x5.6 6.00 2.75 1.00 0.120 11 8.55 2.85 2.37 1.65 0.92 1.04 7.32 13.62 1.52 0.96 2.26

6 600S275-128 C6x6.0 6.00 2.75 1.00 0.135 10 9.50 3.17 2.36 1.82 1.02 1.03 10.36 14.91 1.70 0.96 2.25

7 800S275-57 C8x3.4 8.00 2.75 1.00 0.060 16 8.63 1.99 3.12 0.98 0.46 1.04 1.08 13.42 0.90 0.84 2.10

8 800S275-71 C8x4.0 8.00 2.75 1.00 0.075 14 10.84 2.58 3.11 1.20 0.58 1.04 2.10 16.37 1.12 0.84 2.08

9 800S275-86 C8x4.7 8.00 2.75 1.00 0.090 13 12.88 3.22 3.10 1.41 0.70 1.03 3.61 19.17 1.34 0.84 2.07

10 800S275-100 C8x5.4 8.00 2.75 1.00 0.105 12 14.87 3.72 3.10 1.62 0.82 1.02 5.70 21.82 1.55 0.84 2.05

11 800S275-114 C8x6.1 8.00 2.75 1.00 0.120 11 16.83 4.21 3.09 1.81 0.93 1.01 8.47 24.32 1.76 0.84 2.03

12 800S275-128 C8x7.1 8.00 2.75 1.00 0.135 10 18.74 4.69 3.08 2.00 1.04 1.01 12.00 26.69 1.97 0.84 2.01

13 900S350-71 C9x4.6 9.00 3.50 1.00 0.075 14 16.16 3.20 3.56 2.21 0.82 1.30 2.45 36.57 1.31 1.06 2.62

14 900S350-86 C9x5.4 9.00 3.50 1.00 0.090 13 19.69 3.87 3.55 2.61 1.00 1.29 4.22 42.99 1.56 1.06 2.61

15 900S350-100 C9x6.3 9.00 3.50 1.00 0.105 12 22.78 4.64 3.54 3.00 1.17 1.29 6.67 49.14 1.81 1.06 2.59

16 900S350-114 C9x7.2 9.00 3.50 1.00 0.120 11 25.81 5.49 3.54 3.37 1.34 1.28 9.91 55.00 2.06 1.06 2.57

17 900S350-128 C9x8.0 9.00 3.50 1.00 0.135 10 28.79 6.21 3.53 3.74 1.50 1.27 14.05 60.60 2.31 1.06 2.55

18 1000S350-57 C10x3.8 10.00 3.50 1.00 0.060 16 16.25 2.64 3.92 1.85 0.64 1.29 1.33 37.36 1.11 1.01 2.53

19 1000S350-71 C10x4.7 10.00 3.50 1.00 0.075 14 20.66 3.68 3.91 2.28 0.82 1.29 2.59 45.78 1.38 1.01 2.52

20 1000S350-86 C10x5.8 10.00 3.50 1.00 0.090 13 25.18 4.47 3.90 2.70 1.00 1.28 4.46 53.86 1.65 1.01 2.50

21 1000S350-100 C10x6.7 10.00 3.50 1.00 0.105 12 29.14 5.36 3.90 3.10 1.17 1.27 7.05 61.59 1.92 1.01 2.48

22 1000S350-114 C10x7.6 10.00 3.50 1.00 0.120 11 33.03 6.32 3.89 3.49 1.34 1.26 10.48 68.98 2.18 1.01 2.47

23 1000S350-128 C10x8.5 10.00 3.50 1.00 0.135 10 36.86 7.16 3.88 3.87 1.51 1.26 14.87 76.05 2.45 1.01 2.45

24 1200S350-71 C12x5.4 12.00 3.50 1.00 0.075 14 31.72 4.37 4.60 2.41 0.82 1.25 2.87 68.07 1.53 0.91 2.33

25 1200S350-86 C12x6.4 12.00 3.50 1.00 0.090 13 38.66 5.76 4.60 2.85 1.00 1.25 4.94 80.15 1.83 0.91 2.32

26 1200S350-100 C12x7.4 12.00 3.50 1.00 0.105 12 44.78 6.89 4.59 3.27 1.18 1.24 7.82 91.74 2.13 0.91 2.30

27 1200S350-114 C12x8.4 12.00 3.50 1.00 0.120 11 50.80 8.12 4.58 3.68 1.35 1.23 11.64 102.86 2.42 0.91 2.28

28 1200S350-128 C12x9.4 12.00 3.50 1.00 0.135 10 56.73 9.19 4.57 4.08 1.52 1.23 16.51 113.51 2.72 0.91 2.27

29 1400S350-86 C14x7.0 14.00 3.50 1.00 0.090 13 55.80 6.63 5.27 2.97 1.01 1.22 5.43 112.83 2.01 0.83 2.16

30 1400S350-100 C14x8.1 14.00 3.50 1.00 0.105 12 64.69 8.56 5.26 3.41 1.18 1.21 8.60 129.24 2.34 0.84 2.15

31 1400S350-114 C14x9.3 14.00 3.50 1.00 0.120 11 73.43 10.07 5.25 3.84 1.36 1.20 12.79 145.00 2.66 0.84 2.13

32 1400S350-128 C14x10.4 14.00 3.50 1.00 0.135 10 82.04 11.40 5.24 4.26 1.53 1.19 18.15 160.11 2.99 0.84 2.11

25
 C Sections

SELECTION TABLE
IMPERIAL

Resistance
Distortional
Section Web crippling
Fy = steel yield strength = 50 ksi buckling

Vr = factored shear strength

Vr Br ext. Br int. Mr
Br int. = factored web crippling strength with 4 in. of interior support No. Nomenclature
kip kip kip kip·ft.
Br ext.= factored web crippling strength with 4 in. of exterior support
Mr = factored moment resistance considering lateral and distortional buckling 1 600S275-57 4.37 1.34 2.42 4.62
Design assumptions 2 600S275-71 7.58 2.03 3.80 6.19
• The values in the table have been calculated according to Limit States Design 3 600S275-86 10.91 2.85 5.47 7.82
(LSD) and CSA S136-16 standard for cold-formed steel.
4 600S275-100 13.56 3.78 7.42 9.46
• Shaded Mr values indicates that distortional buckling may govern the design for
the given section if the compression flange is not restrained against distortional 5 600S275-114 15.39 4.83 9.66 10.69
buckling.
6 600S275-128 17.20 6.00 12.17 11.88
• The design engineer shall determine the cases when distortional buckling is
7 800S275-57 3.22 1.29 2.38 6.36
applicable.
8 800S275-71 6.32 1.96 3.74 8.59
• Rotational rigidity of the sheathing is neglected (kϕ = 0) and moment gradient
factor has been conservatively set to 1 (ß= 1) for the calculation of the 9 800S275-86 10.91 2.76 5.39 10.92
distortional buckling resistance.
10 800S275-100 14.85 3.68 7.33 13.31
• The web crippling resistance is calculated with one flange loading condition.
11 800S275-114 19.40 4.71 9.54 15.73
• The shear resistance is taken as the minimum between the elastic resistance (Fy)
12 800S275-128 24.24 5.85 12.04 17.57
of the gross section and the plastic resistance (Fu) of the net section.
• The net section for shear is taken with: 13 900S350-71 5.59 1.93 3.71 10.37

− 2 bolt holes of 9/16 in. diameter for section depth d < 8 in. 14 900S350-86 9.69 2.72 5.36 13.29

− 3 bolt holes of 9/16 in. diameter for section depth d ≥ 8 in. 15 900S350-100 14.85 3.63 7.28 16.33
Example – Wall girt selection 16 900S350-114 19.40 4.65 9.49 19.46
Single span: 25 ft. 17 900S350-128 24.55 5.78 11.97 22.66
Girt spacing: 5 ft.
Positive external wind pressure: 8.0 + 6.6 = 14.6 psf 18 1000S350-57 2.55 1.24 2.34 8.53
Negative external wind pressure: 5.9 + 6.6 = 12.5 psf 19 1000S350-71 5.01 1.90 3.69 11.62
Two rows of discrete bracing are used to prevent the section from buckling at a
third of the span. 20 1000S350-86 8.68 2.68 5.32 14.92
Metal siding is fixed to the exterior flange at 12 in. c/c. The cladding is considered 21 1000S350-100 13.82 3.58 7.24 18.38
to prevent distortional buckling and lateral-torsional buckling.
Deflections are limited to span / 180 considering the wall composition. 22 1000S350-114 19.40 4.60 9.44 21.95

Positive w f = 1.4 x 14.6 psf x 5.0 ft. = 102 lb./ft. 23 1000S350-128 24.55 5.72 11.91 25.61
Negative w f = 1.4 x 12.5 psf x 5.0 ft. = 88 lb./ft. 24 1200S350-71 4.14 1.85 3.64 14.09
Mf+ = 0.102 kip/ft. x (25 ft.)2 / 8 = 8.0 kip•ft.
Mf- = 0.088 kip/ft. x (25 ft.)2 / 8 = 6.9 kip•ft. 25 1200S350-86 7.18 2.61 5.26 18.17
Vf = 0.102 kip/ft. x 25 ft. / 2 = 1.28 kip 26 1200S350-100 11.43 3.50 7.17 22.47
3
Imin. (deflection < span / 180) = 180 x 5 x 0.75 x 0.073 kip/ft. x (25 ft.) x 144
27 1200S350-114 17.10 4.50 9.35 26.96
384 x 29,500 ksi
28 1200S350-128 24.41 5.60 11.80 31.58
Imin. = 9.8 in.4
29 1400S350-86 6.12 2.55 5.21 21.32
The Properties table lists many sections with a value of Ix greater than Imin.
800S275-71 Ix = 10.84 in.4 30 1400S350-100 9.74 3.42 7.10 26.48
900S350-71 Ix = 16.16 in.4
31 1400S350-114 14.57 4.41 9.26 31.89
1000S350-57 Ix = 16.25 in.4
32 1400S350-128 20.79 5.50 11.70 37.50
The sections can be verified with the use of the selection tables:
Mr+ = Mr @ 0 ft. > Mf+
Mr- = min. (Mr flexural-torsional @ 8 ft.-4 in., Mr distortional) > Mf-
The discrete bracings must be connected to the section according to standard
S136-16.
Vr > Vf
Pr > Vf except for 1000S350-57
If this section is chosen, the connection to the support must be made by bolting
the web in order to prevent web crippling over the support.
26
 C Sections

Lateral-torsional buckling
M r (kip·ft.) unsupported length (ft.) Nomenclature
(metric)
0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24

5.05 5.05 4.86 4.62 4.35 4.04 3.68 3.28 2.85 2.46 2.14 1.88 1.67 1.34 1.11 0.94 0.81 152S70-144M

6.56 6.56 6.37 6.11 5.74 5.30 4.77 4.19 3.59 3.10 2.70 2.39 2.13 1.73 1.44 1.23 1.07 152S70-181M

8.21 8.21 7.83 7.38 6.87 6.31 5.70 5.04 4.35 3.76 3.30 2.93 2.62 2.15 1.81 1.56 1.36 152S70-218M

9.46 9.46 9.03 8.51 7.94 7.31 6.63 5.90 5.14 4.47 3.94 3.51 3.15 2.61 2.22 1.92 1.69 152S70-254M

10.69 10.69 10.20 9.63 9.00 8.31 7.57 6.79 5.97 5.22 4.62 4.13 3.73 3.11 2.66 2.32 2.06 152S70-290M

11.88 11.88 11.34 10.72 10.04 9.30 8.52 7.69 6.84 6.01 5.35 4.80 4.35 3.66 3.15 2.77 2.47 152S70-326M

7.46 7.43 7.12 6.74 6.31 5.81 5.23 4.58 3.93 3.37 2.92 2.56 2.26 1.81 1.49 1.25 1.07 203S70-144M

9.67 9.63 9.32 8.88 8.27 7.56 6.71 5.78 4.90 4.21 3.66 3.22 2.85 2.30 1.90 1.61 1.39 203S70-181M

12.07 12.01 11.40 10.69 9.88 8.98 7.99 6.92 5.88 5.07 4.42 3.90 3.47 2.82 2.35 2.00 1.74 203S70-218M

13.95 13.86 13.16 12.34 11.42 10.39 9.27 8.06 6.88 5.95 5.21 4.62 4.12 3.38 2.83 2.43 2.12 203S70-254M

15.78 15.67 14.88 13.96 12.93 11.79 10.55 9.23 7.92 6.87 6.04 5.37 4.82 3.97 3.36 2.90 2.55 203S70-290M

17.57 17.44 16.56 15.55 14.42 13.18 11.84 10.42 8.99 7.83 6.91 6.17 5.55 4.61 3.93 3.41 3.01 203S70-326M

11.99 11.99 11.99 11.60 11.16 10.65 10.08 9.44 8.73 7.94 7.20 6.31 5.57 4.45 3.65 3.06 2.61 229S89-181M

14.50 14.50 14.49 14.01 13.47 12.84 12.21 11.57 10.84 9.86 8.62 7.57 6.70 5.38 4.43 3.73 3.20 229S89-218M

17.42 17.42 17.39 16.91 16.36 15.72 14.82 13.86 12.83 11.48 10.06 8.85 7.86 6.34 5.25 4.45 3.83 229S89-254M

20.58 20.58 20.54 19.82 19.00 18.10 17.13 16.00 14.60 13.10 11.53 10.17 9.05 7.34 6.12 5.21 4.51 229S89-290M

23.30 23.30 23.24 22.46 21.59 20.65 19.33 17.90 16.37 14.74 13.04 11.53 10.29 8.39 7.03 6.02 5.24 229S89-326M

9.89 9.89 9.88 9.64 9.36 9.04 8.67 8.26 7.79 7.01 6.20 5.52 4.94 4.02 3.28 2.73 2.31 254S89-144M

13.81 13.81 13.80 13.38 12.86 12.25 11.57 10.82 9.97 9.04 8.15 7.13 6.29 5.02 4.11 3.44 2.93 254S89-181M

16.75 16.75 16.71 16.15 15.50 14.76 14.01 13.25 12.35 11.18 9.74 8.54 7.55 6.05 4.97 4.18 3.57 254S89-218M

20.09 20.09 20.04 19.46 18.80 18.03 16.97 15.84 14.59 12.99 11.34 9.96 8.83 7.11 5.87 4.95 4.26 254S89-254M

23.72 23.72 23.63 22.78 21.82 20.76 19.62 18.25 16.58 14.80 12.96 11.41 10.14 8.20 6.81 5.77 4.98 254S89-290M

26.84 26.84 26.74 25.82 24.80 23.67 22.10 20.40 18.57 16.63 14.62 12.90 11.49 9.34 7.79 6.64 5.76 254S89-326M

16.38 16.38 16.34 15.98 15.54 15.05 14.48 13.74 12.61 11.35 10.13 8.86 7.81 6.22 5.08 4.23 3.59 305S89-181M

21.58 21.58 21.49 20.73 19.86 18.86 17.86 16.82 15.55 13.93 12.08 10.57 9.34 7.46 6.11 5.11 4.35 305S89-218M

25.82 25.82 25.71 24.92 24.03 22.94 21.53 20.02 18.28 16.14 14.02 12.29 10.87 8.71 7.17 6.02 5.15 305S89-254M

30.44 30.44 30.24 29.11 27.83 26.42 24.89 22.99 20.75 18.34 15.96 14.02 12.43 10.00 8.26 6.97 5.98 305S89-290M

34.45 34.45 34.22 33.00 31.63 30.07 27.96 25.67 23.20 20.56 17.93 15.77 14.01 11.32 9.39 7.96 6.87 305S89-326M

24.87 24.87 24.76 24.19 23.51 22.75 22.02 20.65 18.95 16.80 14.53 12.71 11.21 8.93 7.30 6.10 5.18 356S89-218M

32.10 32.10 31.88 30.86 29.68 28.24 26.43 24.49 22.18 19.43 16.83 14.74 13.02 10.41 8.53 7.15 6.09 356S89-254M

37.76 37.76 37.43 35.98 34.33 32.51 30.54 28.02 25.14 22.04 19.12 16.77 14.84 11.90 9.79 8.23 7.04 356S89-290M

42.74 42.74 42.34 40.77 39.01 36.94 34.23 31.27 28.08 24.65 21.42 18.81 16.67 13.41 11.08 9.35 8.03 356S89-326M

27
 Z Sections

Z SECTION PROPERTIES
METRIC

Dimensions
d = section depth
b = flange width
h = lip length
t = steel thickness
C.G. = center of gravity
S.C. = shear center
r = inside bend radius = 3.2 mm

Properties
Ix eff. = effective moment of inertia about axis X-X at maximum compressive stress = 0.6 Fy
Sx eff. = effective elastic section modulus about axis X-X
r x = radius of gyration about axis X-X
Iy = gross moment of inertia about axis Y-Y
Sy eff. = effective elastic section modulus about axis Y-Y
r y = radius of gyration about axis Y-Y
rmin. = radius of gyration about axis Z-Z
J = St. Venant torsion constant
Cw = warping constant
Ag = gross area of section
ϴ = angle between axis Z-Z and Y-Y

Example
152Z76-144M
152 = section depth (mm)
Z = nomenclature
76 = flange width (mm)
144 = minimum steel thickness, i.e. 95% of the design thickness (10 -2 mm)
M = International System of Units (SI) designation (metric)

28
 Z Sections

Section Dimension Property

d b h t I x eff. Sx eff. rx Iy S y eff. ry r min. J Cw Ag θ

Former
No. Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Gage x 10 6 x 10 3 x 10 6 x 10 3 x 10 9
mm mm mm mm mm 4 mm 3 mm mm 4 mm 3 mm mm mm 4 mm 6 mm 2 deg,

1 152Z76-144M Z152x4.5 152.4 76.2 24.1 1.52 16 1.96 21.97 62.20 0.94 8.27 42.18 23.87 407 3.44 526 31.19

2 152Z76-181M Z152x5.4 152.4 76.2 24.1 1.91 14 2.50 28.00 62.03 1.16 9.71 42.03 23.78 792 4.23 655 31.17

3 152Z76-218M Z152x6.4 152.4 76.2 24.1 2.29 13 3.00 34.54 61.86 1.37 12.92 41.88 23.69 1,364 5.00 783 31.15

4 152Z76-253M Z152x7.6 152.4 76.2 24.1 2.67 12 3.46 42.80 61.69 1.58 16.56 41.73 23.60 2,158 5.74 910 31.13

5 152Z76-290M Z152x8.6 152.4 76.2 24.1 3.05 11 3.92 49.77 61.52 1.79 19.54 41.59 23.52 3,209 6.45 1,036 31.11

6 152Z76-326M Z152x9.7 152.4 76.2 24.1 3.43 10 4.37 57.36 61.35 1.99 21.79 41.44 23.43 4,552 7.14 1,161 31.08

7 203Z76-144M Z203x5.1 203.2 76.2 24.1 1.52 16 3.80 31.85 80.75 0.94 8.33 39.38 24.72 467 6.51 603 21.74

8 203Z76-181M Z203x6.3 203.2 76.2 24.1 1.91 14 4.84 41.12 80.57 1.16 9.79 39.23 24.62 909 8.01 752 21.71

9 203Z76-218M Z203x7.3 203.2 76.2 24.1 2.29 13 5.81 50.58 80.39 1.37 12.98 39.08 24.53 1,566 9.48 899 21.67

10 203Z76-254M Z203x8.8 203.2 76.2 24.1 2.67 12 6.73 62.41 80.22 1.59 16.58 38.94 24.44 2,479 10.89 1,045 21.64

11 203Z76-290M Z203x10 203.2 76.2 24.1 3.05 11 7.63 72.57 80.04 1.79 19.54 38.79 24.35 3,688 12.27 1,191 21.60

12 203Z76-326M Z203x11.2 203.2 76.2 24.1 3.43 10 8.52 83.84 79.86 1.99 21.79 38.64 24.26 5,234 13.60 1,336 21.57

13 229Z76-181M Z229x6.6 228.6 76.2 24.1 1.91 14 6.36 48.31 89.55 1.16 9.83 38.03 24.69 968 10.41 800 18.57

14 229Z76-218M Z229x7.7 228.6 76.2 24.1 2.29 13 7.64 59.37 89.37 1.37 13.00 37.88 24.60 1,667 12.32 957 18.54

15 229Z76-254M Z229x9.2 228.6 76.2 24.1 2.67 12 8.85 73.10 89.18 1.59 16.59 37.73 24.51 2,639 14.17 1,113 18.50

16 229Z76-290M Z229x10.6 228.6 76.2 24.1 3.05 11 10.05 84.97 89.00 1.79 19.54 37.59 24.42 3,928 15.97 1,268 18.46

17 229Z76-326M Z229x11.9 228.6 76.2 24.1 3.43 10 11.22 98.20 88.82 1.99 21.79 37.44 24.33 5,576 17.71 1,423 18.43

18 254Z76-181M Z254x6.8 254.0 76.2 24.1 1.91 14 8.14 55.54 98.37 1.16 9.86 36.93 24.64 1,026 13.16 848 16.11

19 254Z76-218M Z254x8.2 254.0 76.2 24.1 2.29 13 9.79 68.66 98.18 1.37 13.02 36.78 24.55 1,768 15.57 1,015 16.07

20 254Z76-254M Z254x9.8 254.0 76.2 24.1 2.67 12 11.34 84.36 97.99 1.59 16.59 36.64 24.46 2,800 17.92 1,181 16.04

21 254Z76-290M Z254x11.2 254.0 76.2 24.1 3.05 11 12.87 98.04 97.81 1.79 19.54 36.49 24.36 4,168 20.20 1,346 16.00

22 254Z76-326M Z254x12.5 254.0 76.2 24.1 3.43 10 14.39 113.30 97.62 1.99 21.79 36.35 24.27 5,917 22.41 1,510 15.97

23 305Z76-181M Z305x7.7 304.8 76.2 24.1 1.91 14 12.53 65.64 115.61 1.16 9.90 34.99 24.36 1,143 19.70 945 12.53

24 305Z76-218M Z305x9.2 304.8 76.2 24.1 2.29 13 15.07 88.74 115.42 1.37 13.05 34.84 24.26 1,971 23.34 1,131 12.50

25 305Z76-254M Z305x10.9 304.8 76.2 24.1 2.67 12 17.48 108.64 115.22 1.59 16.61 34.70 24.17 3,121 26.87 1,316 12.46

26 305Z76-290M Z305x12.4 304.8 76.2 24.1 3.05 11 19.86 126.15 115.03 1.79 19.54 34.56 24.08 4,647 30.31 1,501 12.43

27 305Z76-326M Z305x14 304.8 76.2 24.1 3.43 10 22.21 145.71 114.84 1.99 21.79 34.42 23.99 6,600 33.65 1,684 12.40

28 356Z76-181M Z356x8.5 355.6 76.2 24.1 1.91 14 17.05 71.78 132.44 1.16 9.94 33.32 23.96 1,260 27.68 1,042 10.08

29 356Z76-218M Z356x10.1 355.6 76.2 24.1 2.29 13 20.99 93.19 132.24 1.37 13.07 33.18 23.86 2,173 32.80 1,247 10.05

30 356Z76-254M Z356x11.9 355.6 76.2 24.1 2.67 12 24.75 120.34 132.04 1.59 16.62 33.04 23.77 3,442 37.78 1,452 10.02

31 356Z76-290M Z356x13.6 355.6 76.2 24.1 3.05 11 28.50 144.94 131.84 1.79 19.54 32.90 23.68 5,127 42.62 1,655 9.99

32 356Z76-326M Z356x15.4 355.6 76.2 24.1 3.43 10 32.20 172.77 131.64 1.99 21.80 32.77 23.58 7,283 47.34 1,858 9.96

29
 Z Sections

SELECTION TABLE
METRIC

Resistance Distortional
Section Web crippling
buckling
Fy = steel yield strength = 345 MPa
Vr = factored shear strength Vr Br ext. Br int. Mr
Br int. = factored web crippling strength with 102 mm of interior support No. Nomenclature
kN kN kN kN·m
Br ext.= factored web crippling strength with 102 mm of exterior support
Mr = factored moment resistance considering lateral and distortional 1 152Z76-144M 19.4 6.0 10.8 5.48
buckling
2 152Z76-181M 33.7 9.0 16.9 7.49
Design assumptions
3 152Z76-218M 48.5 12.7 24.3 9.64
• The values in the table have been calculated according to Limit States
Design (LSD) and CSA S136-16 standard for cold-formed steel. 4 152Z76-253M 60.3 16.8 33.0 11.89

• Shaded Mr values indicates that distortional buckling may govern the 5 152Z76-290M 68.5 21.5 43.0 14.23

design for the given section if the compression flange is not restrained 6 152Z76-326M 76.5 26.7 54.2 16.62
against distortional buckling.
7 203Z76-144M 14.3 5.7 10.6 7.46
• The design engineer shall determine the cases when distortional buckling
is applicable. 8 203Z76-181M 28.1 8.7 16.6 10.26

• Rotational rigidity of the sheathing is neglected (kϕ = 0) and moment 9 203Z76-218M 48.5 12.3 24.0 13.29
gradient factor has been conservatively set to 1 (ß= 1) for the calculation of 10 203Z76-254M 66.1 16.4 32.6 16.49
the distortional buckling resistance.
11 203Z76-290M 86.3 20.9 42.4 19.84
• The web crippling resistance is calculated with one flange loading condition.
12 203Z76-326M 107.8 26.0 53.5 23.31
• The shear resistance is taken as the minimum between the elastic
resistance (Fy) of the gross section and the plastic resistance (Fu) 13 229Z76-181M 24.9 8.6 16.5 11.67
of the net section.
14 229Z76-218M 43.1 12.1 23.8 15.15
• The net section for shear is taken with:
15 229Z76-254M 66.1 16.1 32.4 18.85
− 2 bolt holes of 14 mm diameter for section depth d < 203 mm
16 229Z76-290M 86.3 20.7 42.2 22.74
− 3 bolt holes of 14 mm diameter for section depth d ≥ 203 mm
17 229Z76-326M 109.2 25.7 53.3 26.77
Example – Wall girt selection
18 254Z76-181M 22.3 8.5 16.4 13.07
Single span: 7,500 mm
Girt spacing: 1,600 mm 19 254Z76-218M 38.6 11.9 23.7 17.01
Positive external wind pressure: 0.38 + 0.32 = 0.70 kPa
20 254Z76-254M 61.5 15.9 32.2 21.23
Negative external wind pressure: 0.28 + 0.32 = 0.60 kPa
Two rows of discrete bracing are used to prevent the section from buckling 21 254Z76-290M 86.3 20.4 42.0 25.66
at a third of the span.
22 254Z76-326M 109.2 25.4 53.0 30.28
Metal siding is fixed to the exterior flange at 300 mm c/c. The cladding is
considered to prevent distortional buckling and lateral-torsional buckling. 23 305Z76-181M 18.4 8.2 16.2 15.83
Deflections are limited to span / 180 considering the wall composition.
24 305Z76-218M 31.9 11.6 23.4 20.72
Positive w f = 1.4 x 0.70 kPa x 1.6 m = 1.57 kN/m
Negative w f = 1.4 x 0.60 kPa x 1.6 m = 1.34 kN/m 25 305Z76-254M 50.8 15.6 31.9 25.97

Mf+ = 1.57 kN/m x (7.5 m)2 / 8 = 11.04 kN•m 26 305Z76-290M 76.1 20.0 41.6 31.54
Mf- = 1.34 kN/m x (7.5 m)2 / 8 = 9.45 kN•m
Vf = 1.57 kN/m x 7.5 m / 2 = 5.89 kN 27 305Z76-326M 108.6 24.9 52.5 37.39

Imin. (deflection < span / 180) = 180 x 5 x 0.75 x 1.12 kN/m x (7,500 mm)3 28 356Z76-181M 15.7 8.0 16.0 18.48

384 x 203,000 MPa 29 356Z76-218M 27.2 11.3 23.2 24.31

Imin. = 4.1 x 106 mm4
30 356Z76-254M 43.3 15.2 31.6 30.61
The Properties table lists many sections with a value of Ix greater than Imin.
203Z76-181M Ix = 4.84 x 106 mm4 31 356Z76-290M 64.8 19.6 41.2 37.34
229Z76-181M Ix = 6.36 x 106 mm4 32 356Z76-326M 92.5 24.5 52.1 44.44
254Z76-181M Ix = 8.14 x 106 mm4
The sections can be verified with the use of the selection tables:
Mr+ = Mr @ 0 m > Mf+
Mr- = min. (Mr flexural-torsional @ 2.5m, Mr distortional buckling) > Mf-
The discrete bracings must be connected to the section according to
standard S136-16.
Vr > Vf
Pr> Vf 

30
 Z Sections

Lateral-torsional buckling
M r (kN·m) unsupported length (mm) Nomenclature
(imperial)
0 1,500 1,800 2,100 2,400 2,700 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000

6.82 6.81 6.57 6.28 5.94 5.54 5.09 4.17 3.32 2.65 2.16 1.81 1.54 1.33 1.16 1.02 0.91 600Z300-57

8.69 8.68 8.36 7.97 7.51 6.99 6.52 5.38 4.17 3.34 2.75 2.31 1.97 1.71 1.50 1.33 1.20 600Z300-71

10.72 10.71 10.39 10.01 9.58 8.95 8.23 6.49 5.06 4.07 3.37 2.84 2.44 2.13 1.88 1.68 1.51 600Z300-86

13.28 13.27 12.75 12.15 11.48 10.73 9.64 7.63 5.98 4.84 4.03 3.42 2.96 2.59 2.30 2.07 1.87 600Z300-100

15.44 15.43 14.88 14.26 13.31 12.21 11.01 8.81 6.94 5.66 4.73 4.04 3.51 3.10 2.76 2.49 2.27 600Z300-114

17.80 17.79 16.95 15.98 14.89 13.69 12.39 10.04 7.96 6.52 5.48 4.71 4.12 3.65 3.27 2.96 2.71 600Z300-128

9.88 9.85 9.59 9.11 8.56 7.92 7.18 5.73 4.50 3.58 2.92 2.43 2.05 1.76 1.53 1.35 1.20 800Z300-57

12.76 12.68 12.16 11.54 10.80 9.97 9.23 7.29 5.62 4.48 3.67 3.06 2.60 2.24 1.96 1.73 1.54 800Z300-71

15.69 15.61 15.08 14.45 13.73 12.67 11.46 8.74 6.76 5.41 4.44 3.72 3.18 2.75 2.41 2.14 1.91 800Z300-86

19.36 19.24 18.41 17.46 16.40 15.07 13.32 10.20 7.93 6.36 5.25 4.42 3.79 3.29 2.90 2.58 2.32 800Z300-100

22.52 22.37 21.50 20.51 18.91 17.13 15.18 11.69 9.12 7.35 6.09 5.15 4.43 3.87 3.43 3.06 2.77 800Z300-114

26.01 25.79 24.46 22.91 21.14 19.18 17.04 13.21 10.35 8.38 6.97 5.93 5.12 4.50 4.00 3.59 3.25 800Z300-128

14.99 14.87 14.23 13.47 12.56 11.57 10.66 8.27 6.37 5.07 4.14 3.45 2.93 2.52 2.19 1.93 1.72 900Z300-71

18.42 18.28 17.62 16.85 15.93 14.64 13.11 9.90 7.65 6.10 5.00 4.18 3.56 3.07 2.69 2.38 2.12 900Z300-86

22.68 22.46 21.46 20.30 19.03 17.35 15.22 11.53 8.94 7.16 5.88 4.94 4.22 3.66 3.22 2.85 2.56 900Z300-100

26.36 26.13 25.07 23.81 21.88 19.71 17.33 13.18 10.25 8.24 6.80 5.73 4.92 4.28 3.78 3.37 3.03 900Z300-114

30.47 30.10 28.49 26.60 24.46 22.06 19.43 14.86 11.60 9.36 7.76 6.57 5.66 4.95 4.38 3.92 3.54 900Z300-128

17.23 17.12 16.40 15.49 14.40 13.23 12.12 9.26 7.13 5.67 4.62 3.85 3.26 2.80 2.44 2.14 1.90 1000Z300-71

21.30 21.10 20.30 19.35 18.21 16.68 14.78 11.07 8.54 6.81 5.57 4.65 3.95 3.41 2.97 2.62 2.34 1000Z300-86

26.17 25.85 24.65 23.28 21.75 19.68 17.15 12.88 9.97 7.97 6.54 5.48 4.67 4.04 3.54 3.13 2.80 1000Z300-100

30.42 30.06 28.80 27.25 24.94 22.36 19.51 14.70 11.41 9.15 7.53 6.33 5.42 4.71 4.14 3.68 3.30 1000Z300-114

35.15 34.61 32.69 30.44 27.88 25.01 21.86 16.54 12.88 10.36 8.56 7.23 6.21 5.41 4.78 4.26 3.84 1000Z300-128

20.36 20.16 19.56 18.83 17.93 16.71 15.07 11.29 8.68 6.89 5.61 4.66 3.94 3.38 2.93 2.57 2.28 1200Z300-71

27.53 27.14 26.01 24.68 23.01 20.92 18.15 13.46 10.37 8.25 6.73 5.60 4.75 4.08 3.56 3.13 2.78 1200Z300-86

33.71 33.11 31.46 29.58 27.49 24.50 21.04 15.63 12.06 9.62 7.87 6.57 5.58 4.81 4.20 3.71 3.31 1200Z300-100

39.14 38.48 36.73 34.49 31.35 27.82 23.91 17.80 13.77 11.00 9.03 7.56 6.44 5.57 4.88 4.32 3.87 1200Z300-114

45.21 44.22 41.60 38.54 35.03 31.10 26.76 19.97 15.49 12.41 10.21 8.58 7.34 6.37 5.60 4.97 4.46 1200Z300-128

22.27 21.91 21.06 20.02 18.72 17.53 16.09 12.28 9.71 7.88 6.53 5.48 4.63 3.97 3.44 3.01 2.66 1400Z300-71

28.91 28.53 27.64 26.57 25.03 23.09 19.99 15.23 12.02 9.71 7.91 6.58 5.57 4.78 4.15 3.65 3.23 1400Z300-86

37.33 36.62 35.04 33.23 31.21 27.80 23.93 18.20 14.20 11.30 9.22 7.69 6.52 5.61 4.89 4.30 3.82 1400Z300-100

44.97 44.16 42.46 39.97 36.46 32.44 27.90 20.96 16.18 12.90 10.55 8.82 7.50 6.47 5.65 4.99 4.45 1400Z300-114

53.60 52.24 49.29 45.79 41.72 37.08 31.66 23.47 18.16 14.51 11.90 9.97 8.50 7.35 6.44 5.70 5.10 1400Z300-128

31
 Z Sections

Z SECTION PROPERTIES
IMPERIAL

Dimensions
d = section depth
b = flange width
h = lip length
t = steel thickness
C.G. = center of gravity
S.C. = shear center
r = inside bend radius = 0.13 in.

Properties
Ix eff. = effective moment of inertia about axis X-X at maximum compressive stress = 0.6 Fy
Sx eff. = effective elastic section modulus about axis X-X
r x = radius of gyration about axis X-X
Iy = gross moment of inertia about axis Y-Y
Sy eff. = effective elastic section modulus about axis Y-Y
r y = radius of gyration about axis Y-Y
rmin. = radius of gyration about axis Z-Z
J = St. Venant torsion constant
Cw = warping constant
Ag = gross area of section
ϴ = angle between axis Z-Z and Y-Y

Example
600Z300-57
600 = section depth (10 -2 in.)
Z = nomenclature
300 = flange width (10 -2 in.)
57 = minimum steel thickness, i.e. 95% of the design thickness (10 -3 in.)

32
 Z Sections

Section Dimension Property

d b h t I x eff. Sx eff. rx Iy S y eff. ry r min. J Cw Ag θ

Former
No. Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Gage x10ˉ³
in. in. in. in. in. 4 in. 3 in. in. 4 in. 3 in. in. in. 4 in. 6 in. 2 deg.

1 600Z300-57 Z6x3.0 6.00 3.00 0.95 0.060 16 4.71 1.34 2.45 2.25 0.50 1.66 0.94 0.98 12.81 0.81 31.19

2 600Z300-71 Z6x3.6 6.00 3.00 0.95 0.075 14 6.01 1.71 2.44 2.78 0.59 1.65 0.94 1.90 15.76 1.01 31.17

3 600Z300-86 Z6x4.3 6.00 3.00 0.95 0.090 13 7.20 2.11 2.44 3.30 0.79 1.65 0.93 3.28 18.61 1.21 31.15

4 600Z300-100 Z6x5.1 6.00 3.00 0.95 0.105 12 8.32 2.61 2.43 3.81 1.01 1.64 0.93 5.18 21.36 1.41 31.13

5 600Z300-114 Z6x5.8 6.00 3.00 0.95 0.120 11 9.42 3.04 2.42 4.31 1.19 1.64 0.93 7.71 24.02 1.61 31.11

6 600Z300-128 Z6x6.5 6.00 3.00 0.95 0.135 10 10.50 3.50 2.42 4.79 1.33 1.63 0.92 10.94 26.58 1.80 31.08

7 800Z300-57 Z8x3.4 8.00 3.00 0.95 0.060 16 9.13 1.94 3.18 2.25 0.51 1.55 0.97 1.12 24.23 0.93 21.74

8 800Z300-71 Z8x4.2 8.00 3.00 0.95 0.075 14 11.63 2.51 3.17 2.78 0.60 1.54 0.97 2.18 29.84 1.16 21.71

9 800Z300-86 Z8x4.9 8.00 3.00 0.95 0.090 13 13.96 3.09 3.17 3.30 0.79 1.54 0.97 3.76 35.29 1.39 21.67

10 800Z300-100 Z8x5.9 8.00 3.00 0.95 0.105 12 16.16 3.81 3.16 3.81 1.01 1.53 0.96 5.96 40.57 1.62 21.64

11 800Z300-114 Z8x6.7 8.00 3.00 0.95 0.120 11 18.33 4.43 3.15 4.31 1.19 1.53 0.96 8.86 45.69 1.85 21.60

12 800Z300-128 Z8x7.5 8.00 3.00 0.95 0.135 10 20.46 5.12 3.14 4.79 1.33 1.52 0.96 12.58 50.64 2.07 21.57

13 900Z300-71 Z9x4.4 9.00 3.00 0.95 0.075 14 15.29 2.95 3.53 2.78 0.60 1.50 0.97 2.32 38.78 1.24 18.57

14 900Z300-86 Z9x5.2 9.00 3.00 0.95 0.090 13 18.36 3.62 3.52 3.30 0.79 1.49 0.97 4.01 45.88 1.48 18.54

15 900Z300-100 Z9x6.2 9.00 3.00 0.95 0.105 12 21.27 4.46 3.51 3.81 1.01 1.49 0.96 6.34 52.77 1.73 18.50

16 900Z300-114 Z9x7.1 9.00 3.00 0.95 0.120 11 24.14 5.19 3.50 4.31 1.19 1.48 0.96 9.44 59.46 1.97 18.46

17 900Z300-128 Z9x8.0 9.00 3.00 0.95 0.135 10 26.97 5.99 3.50 4.79 1.33 1.47 0.96 13.40 65.94 2.21 18.43

18 1000Z300-71 Z10x4.6 10.00 3.00 0.95 0.075 14 19.56 3.39 3.87 2.78 0.60 1.45 0.97 2.47 49.00 1.31 16.11

19 1000Z300-86 Z10x5.5 10.00 3.00 0.95 0.090 13 23.51 4.19 3.87 3.30 0.79 1.45 0.97 4.25 58.00 1.57 16.07

20 1000Z300-100 Z10x6.6 10.00 3.00 0.95 0.105 12 27.25 5.15 3.86 3.81 1.01 1.44 0.96 6.73 66.74 1.83 16.04

21 1000Z300-114 Z10x7.5 10.00 3.00 0.95 0.120 11 30.93 5.98 3.85 4.31 1.19 1.44 0.96 10.01 75.23 2.09 16.00

22 1000Z300-128 Z10x8.4 10.00 3.00 0.95 0.135 10 34.57 6.91 3.84 4.79 1.33 1.43 0.96 14.22 83.46 2.34 15.97

23 1200Z300-71 Z12x5.2 12.00 3.00 0.95 0.075 14 30.10 4.01 4.55 2.78 0.60 1.38 0.96 2.75 73.38 1.46 12.53

24 1200Z300-86 Z12x6.2 12.00 3.00 0.95 0.090 13 36.20 5.42 4.54 3.30 0.80 1.37 0.96 4.73 86.91 1.75 12.50

25 1200Z300-100 Z12x7.3 12.00 3.00 0.95 0.105 12 41.99 6.63 4.54 3.81 1.01 1.37 0.95 7.50 100.06 2.04 12.46

26 1200Z300-114 Z12x8.3 12.00 3.00 0.95 0.120 11 47.71 7.70 4.53 4.31 1.19 1.36 0.95 11.16 112.86 2.33 12.43

27 1200Z300-128 Z12x9.4 12.00 3.00 0.95 0.135 10 53.35 8.89 4.52 4.79 1.33 1.36 0.94 15.86 125.29 2.61 12.40

28 1400Z300-71 Z14x5.7 14.00 3.00 0.95 0.075 14 40.96 4.38 5.21 2.78 0.61 1.31 0.94 3.03 103.07 1.61 10.08

29 1400Z300-86 Z14x6.8 14.00 3.00 0.95 0.090 13 50.43 5.69 5.21 3.30 0.80 1.31 0.94 5.22 122.13 1.93 10.05

30 1400Z300-100 Z14x8.0 14.00 3.00 0.95 0.105 12 59.47 7.34 5.20 3.81 1.01 1.30 0.94 8.27 140.68 2.25 10.02

31 1400Z300-114 Z14x9.1 14.00 3.00 0.95 0.120 11 68.47 8.85 5.19 4.31 1.19 1.30 0.93 12.32 158.73 2.57 9.99

32 1400Z300-128 Z14x10.3 14.00 3.00 0.95 0.135 10 77.36 10.54 5.18 4.79 1.33 1.29 0.93 17.50 176.29 2.88 9.96

33
 Z Sections

SELECTION TABLE
IMPERIAL

Resistance
Distortional
Fy = steel yield strength = 50 ksi Section Web crippling
buckling
Vr = factored shear strength
Br int. = factored web crippling strength with 4 in. of interior support No. Nomenclature
Vr Br ext. Br int. Mr

Br ext.= factored web crippling strength with 4 in. of exterior support kip kip kip kip·ft.
Mr = factored moment resistance considering lateral and distortional
1 600Z300-57 4.37 1.34 2.42 4.04
buckling
2 600Z300-71 7.58 2.03 3.80 5.52
Design assumptions
3 600Z300-86 10.91 2.85 5.47 7.11
• The values in the table have been calculated according to Limit States
Design (LSD) and CSA S136-16 standard for cold-formed steel. 4 600Z300-100 13.56 3.78 7.42 8.77

• Shaded Mr values indicates that distortional buckling may govern the 5 600Z300-114 15.39 4.83 9.66 10.49
design for the given section if the compression flange is not restrained
against distortional buckling. 6 600Z300-128 17.20 6.00 12.17 12.26

• The design engineer shall determine the cases when distortional buckling 7 800Z300-57 3.22 1.29 2.38 5.50

is applicable. 8 800Z300-71 6.32 1.96 3.74 7.57

• Rotational rigidity of the sheathing is neglected (kϕ = 0) and moment 9 800Z300-86 10.91 2.76 5.39 9.80
gradient factor has been conservatively set to 1 (ß= 1) for the calculation of
the distortional buckling resistance. 10 800Z300-100 14.85 3.68 7.33 12.17

• The web crippling resistance is calculated with one flange loading condition. 11 800Z300-114 19.40 4.71 9.54 14.64

• The shear resistance is taken as the minimum between the elastic 12 800Z300-128 24.24 5.85 12.04 17.19
resistance (Fy) of the gross section and the plastic resistance (Fu) 13 900Z300-71 5.59 1.93 3.71 8.60
of the net section.
14 900Z300-86 9.69 2.72 5.36 11.17
• The net section for shear is taken with:
15 900Z300-100 14.85 3.63 7.28 13.90
− 2 bolt holes of 9/16 in. diameter for section depth d < 8 in.
− 3 bolt holes of 9/16 in. diameter for section depth d ≥ 8 in. 16 900Z300-114 19.40 4.65 9.49 16.77

Example – Wall girt selection 17 900Z300-128 24.55 5.78 11.97 19.75

Single span: 25 ft. 18 1000Z300-71 5.01 1.90 3.69 9.64

Girt spacing: 5 ft.
19 1000Z300-86 8.68 2.68 5.32 12.55
Positive external wind pressure: 8.0 + 6.6 = 14.6 psf
Negative external wind pressure: 5.9 + 6.6 = 12.5 psf 20 1000Z300-100 13.82 3.58 7.24 15.66
Two rows of discrete bracing are used to prevent the section from buckling
21 1000Z300-114 19.40 4.60 9.44 18.93
at a third of the span.
Metal siding is fixed to the exterior flange at 12 in. c/c. The cladding is 22 1000Z300-128 24.55 5.72 11.91 22.34
considered to prevent distortional buckling and lateral-torsional buckling.
23 1200Z300-71 4.14 1.85 3.64 11.68
Deflections are limited to span / 180 considering the wall composition.
24 1200Z300-86 7.18 2.61 5.26 15.28
Positive w f = 1.4 x 14.6 psf x 5.0 ft. = 102 lb./ft.
Negative w f = 1.4 x 12.5 psf x 5.0 ft. = 88 lb./ft. 25 1200Z300-100 11.43 3.50 7.17 19.16
Mf+ = 0.102 kip/ft. x (25 ft.)2 / 8 = 8.0 kip•ft.
Mf- = 0.088 kip/ft. x (25 ft.)2 / 8 = 6.9 kip•ft. 26 1200Z300-114 17.10 4.50 9.35 23.27

Vf = 0.102 kip/ft. x 25 ft. / 2 = 1.28 kip 27 1200Z300-128 24.41 5.60 11.80 27.58
3
Imin. (deflection < span / 180) = 180 x 5 x 0.75 x 0.073 kip/ft. x (25 ft.) x 144 28 1400Z300-71 3.53 1.80 3.60 13.63
384 x 29,500 ksi
29 1400Z300-86 6.12 2.55 5.21 17.93
Imin. = 9.8 in.4
30 1400Z300-100 9.74 3.42 7.10 22.58
The Properties table lists many sections with a value of Ix greater than Imin.
800Z300-71 Ix = 11.63 in.4 31 1400Z300-114 14.57 4.41 9.26 27.55
900Z300-71 Ix = 15.29 in.4 32 1400Z300-128 20.79 5.50 11.70 32.78
1000Z300-71 Ix = 19.56 in.4
The sections can be verified with the use of the selection tables:
Mr+ = Mr @ 0 ft. > Mf+
Mr- = min. (Mr flexural-torsional @ 8 ft.-4 in., Mr distortional) > Mf-
The discrete bracings must be connected to the section according to
standard S136-16.
Vr > Vf
Pr > Vf

34
 Z Sections

Lateral-torsional buckling
M r (kip·ft.) unsupported length (ft.) Nomenclature
(metric)
0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24

5.03 5.01 4.83 4.60 4.34 4.04 3.69 3.29 2.86 2.49 2.16 1.89 1.67 1.34 1.10 0.92 0.79 152Z76-144M

6.41 6.39 6.14 5.84 5.49 5.09 4.75 4.31 3.65 3.13 2.72 2.39 2.12 1.71 1.41 1.19 1.03 152Z76-181M

7.90 7.88 7.64 7.35 7.02 6.53 5.98 5.19 4.41 3.80 3.31 2.92 2.60 2.11 1.75 1.49 1.29 152Z76-218M

9.79 9.76 9.36 8.91 8.40 7.80 6.97 6.08 5.19 4.49 3.93 3.47 3.10 2.53 2.12 1.82 1.58 152Z76-253M

11.39 11.35 10.93 10.46 9.72 8.88 7.97 7.00 6.01 5.21 4.57 4.06 3.64 2.99 2.53 2.18 1.91 152Z76-290M

13.13 13.07 12.43 11.70 10.87 9.96 8.98 7.93 6.86 5.97 5.26 4.68 4.21 3.49 2.96 2.57 2.26 152Z76-326M

7.29 7.25 7.04 6.68 6.26 5.77 5.20 4.55 3.92 3.38 2.93 2.56 2.26 1.80 1.47 1.23 1.04 203Z76-144M

9.41 9.33 8.93 8.46 7.89 7.28 6.72 5.85 4.93 4.22 3.66 3.21 2.84 2.27 1.86 1.56 1.33 203Z76-181M

11.58 11.49 11.08 10.60 10.04 9.23 8.26 7.00 5.92 5.08 4.41 3.87 3.43 2.76 2.28 1.92 1.65 203Z76-218M

14.28 14.14 13.51 12.79 11.99 10.94 9.61 8.17 6.92 5.95 5.18 4.56 4.05 3.27 2.72 2.30 1.99 203Z76-254M

16.61 16.46 15.79 15.00 13.79 12.44 10.95 9.35 7.94 6.84 5.97 5.27 4.69 3.82 3.18 2.71 2.35 203Z76-290M

19.19 18.95 17.94 16.76 15.42 13.93 12.30 10.55 8.98 7.77 6.80 6.01 5.37 4.39 3.68 3.16 2.75 203Z76-326M

11.06 10.93 10.45 9.86 9.17 8.44 7.75 6.64 5.60 4.79 4.15 3.63 3.20 2.56 2.10 1.75 1.49 229Z76-181M

13.59 13.45 12.95 12.36 11.63 10.66 9.44 7.93 6.70 5.74 4.98 4.37 3.86 3.10 2.55 2.14 1.83 229Z76-218M

16.73 16.51 15.75 14.88 13.91 12.58 10.96 9.24 7.82 6.71 5.83 5.13 4.55 3.66 3.03 2.56 2.20 229Z76-254M

19.44 19.21 18.41 17.41 15.94 14.30 12.48 10.55 8.95 7.70 6.71 5.91 5.25 4.25 3.53 3.00 2.59 229Z76-290M

22.47 22.12 20.89 19.45 17.82 16.00 14.01 11.88 10.10 8.71 7.60 6.71 5.98 4.86 4.06 3.47 3.01 229Z76-326M

12.71 12.60 12.04 11.34 10.51 9.64 8.78 7.44 6.27 5.36 4.64 4.05 3.58 2.85 2.33 1.95 1.66 254Z76-181M

15.71 15.52 14.91 14.19 13.29 12.13 10.62 8.88 7.50 6.42 5.56 4.87 4.31 3.45 2.83 2.37 2.02 254Z76-218M

19.31 19.00 18.09 17.05 15.90 14.26 12.33 10.32 8.73 7.49 6.50 5.70 5.05 4.06 3.35 2.82 2.42 254Z76-254M

22.43 22.11 21.14 19.92 18.17 16.20 14.03 11.77 9.97 8.57 7.45 6.55 5.82 4.69 3.89 3.29 2.83 254Z76-290M

25.93 25.43 23.96 22.25 20.31 18.13 15.73 13.23 11.23 9.67 8.43 7.43 6.61 5.35 4.45 3.79 3.28 254Z76-326M

15.02 14.84 14.38 13.82 13.13 12.17 10.88 9.06 7.63 6.52 5.64 4.92 4.34 3.45 2.82 2.35 1.99 305Z76-181M

20.31 19.95 19.10 18.09 16.78 15.20 13.02 10.80 9.11 7.79 6.74 5.90 5.21 4.15 3.40 2.84 2.42 305Z76-218M

24.86 24.33 23.08 21.65 20.07 17.72 15.09 12.54 10.58 9.06 7.86 6.88 6.08 4.87 4.00 3.35 2.86 305Z76-254M

28.87 28.28 26.96 25.19 22.80 20.12 17.15 14.27 12.06 10.34 8.98 7.88 6.98 5.60 4.62 3.89 3.33 305Z76-290M

33.35 32.47 30.48 28.15 25.49 22.50 19.20 16.00 13.54 11.63 10.11 8.89 7.89 6.36 5.26 4.45 3.83 305Z76-326M

16.43 16.12 15.47 14.67 13.67 12.81 11.56 9.77 8.38 7.28 6.39 5.65 5.04 4.06 3.31 2.75 2.33 356Z76-181M

21.33 20.99 20.32 19.50 18.29 16.78 14.34 12.12 10.39 9.01 7.90 6.94 6.12 4.88 3.98 3.32 2.82 356Z76-218M

27.54 26.92 25.73 24.35 22.72 20.11 17.17 14.50 12.41 10.67 9.24 8.08 7.14 5.70 4.67 3.90 3.32 356Z76-254M

33.17 32.48 31.19 29.21 26.54 23.47 20.00 16.81 14.19 12.15 10.53 9.23 8.16 6.53 5.37 4.51 3.85 356Z76-290M

39.54 38.37 36.13 33.46 30.36 26.82 22.64 18.82 15.90 13.64 11.84 10.39 9.20 7.39 6.09 5.13 4.40 356Z76-326M

35
 Standard features

ASSEMBLY HOLES

FABRICATION MARKS

36
 Standard features

SAG ROD HOLES

OVERLAPPING Z SECTIONS
OVERLAPPING JOINTS FOR SECTIONS ≤ 8¼ IN. (210 MM)

OVERLAPPING JOINTS FOR SECTIONS > 8¼ IN. (210 MM)

37
 Connection details and accessories

INTERIOR GIRT TO COLUMN CONNECTION DETAILS

38
 Connection details and accessories

EXTERIOR GIRT TO CORNER COLUMN CONNECTION

DETAILS

INTERIOR GIRT TO CORNER COLUMN CONNECTION

DETAILS

39
 Nomenclature

NOMENCLATURE CONCORDANCE (NEW VS. FORMER)

C Section Z Section

Metric Imperial Metric Imperial

Former Former Former Former
Nomenclature Nomenclature Nomenclature Nomenclature
nomenclature nomenclature nomenclature nomenclature

152S70-144M C152x4.3 600S275-57 C6x2.9 152Z76-144M Z152x4.5 600Z300-57 Z6x3.0

152S70-181M C152x5.2 600S275-71 C6x3.5 152Z76-181M Z152x5.4 600Z300-71 Z6x3.6

152S70-218M C152x6.0 600S275-86 C6x4.0 152Z76-218M Z152x6.4 600Z300-86 Z6x4.3

152S70-254M C152x7.0 600S275-100 C6x4.7 152Z76-253M Z152x7.6 600Z300-100 Z6x5.1

152S70-290M C152x8.3 600S275-114 C6x5.6 152Z76-290M Z152x8.6 600Z300-114 Z6x5.8

152S70-326M C152x8.9 600S275-128 C6x6.0 152Z76-326M Z152x9.7 600Z300-128 Z6x6.5

203S70-144M C203x5.1 800S275-57 C8x3.4 203Z76-144M Z203x5.1 800Z300-57 Z8x3.4

203S70-181M C203x6.0 800S275-71 C8x4.0 203Z76-181M Z203x6.3 800Z300-71 Z8x4.2

203S70-218M C203x7.0 800S275-86 C8x4.7 203Z76-218M Z203x7.3 800Z300-86 Z8x4.9

203S70-254M C203x8.0 800S275-100 C8x5.4 203Z76-254M Z203x8.8 800Z300-100 Z8x5.9

203S70-290M C203x9.1 800S275-114 C8x6.1 203Z76-290M Z203x10 800Z300-114 Z8x6.7

203S70-326M C203x10.6 800S275-128 C8x7.1 203Z76-326M Z203x11.2 800Z300-128 Z8x7.5

229S89-181M C229x6.8 900S350-71 C9x4.6 229Z76-181M Z229x6.6 900Z300-71 Z9x4.4

229S89-218M C229x8.0 900S350-86 C9x5.4 229Z76-218M Z229x7.7 900Z300-86 Z9x5.2

229S89-254M C229x9.4 900S350-100 C9x6.3 229Z76-254M Z229x9.2 900Z300-100 Z9x6.2

229S89-290M C229x10.7 900S350-114 C9x7.2 229Z76-290M Z229x10.6 900Z300-114 Z9x7.1

229S89-326M C229x11.9 900S350-128 C9x8.0 229Z76-326M Z229x11.9 900Z300-128 Z9x8.0

254S89-144M C254x5.7 1000S350-57 C10x3.8 254Z76-181M Z254x6.8 1000Z300-71 Z10x4.6

254S89-181M C254x7.0 1000S350-71 C10x4.7 254Z76-218M Z254x8.2 1000Z300-86 Z10x5.5

254S89-218M C254x8.6 1000S350-86 C10x5.8 254Z76-254M Z254x9.8 1000Z300-100 Z10x6.6

254S89-254M C254x10.0 1000S350-100 C10x6.7 254Z76-290M Z254x11.2 1000Z300-114 Z10x7.5

254S89-290M C254x11.3 1000S350-114 C10x7.6 254Z76-326M Z254x12.5 1000Z300-128 Z10x8.4

254S89-326M C254x12.7 1000S350-128 C10x8.5 305Z76-181M Z305x7.7 1200Z300-71 Z12x5.2

305S89-181M C305x8.0 1200S350-71 C12x5.4 305Z76-218M Z305x9.2 1200Z300-86 Z12x6.2

305S89-218M C305x9.5 1200S350-86 C12x6.4 305Z76-254M Z305x10.9 1200Z300-100 Z12x7.3

305S89-254M C305x11 1200S350-100 C12x7.4 305Z76-290M Z305x12.4 1200Z300-114 Z12x8.3

305S89-290M C305x12.5 1200S350-114 C12x8.4 305Z76-326M Z305x14 1200Z300-128 Z12x9.4

305S89-326M C305x14.0 1200S350-128 C12x9.4 356Z76-181M Z356x8.5 1400Z300-71 Z14x5.7

356S89-218M C356x10.4 1400S350-86 C14x7.0 356Z76-218M Z356x10.1 1400Z300-86 Z14x6.8

356S89-254M C356x12.1 1400S350-100 C14x8.1 356Z76-254M Z356x11.9 1400Z300-100 Z14x8.0

356S89-290M C356x13.8 1400S350-114 C14x9.3 356Z76-290M Z356x13.6 1400Z300-114 Z14x9.1

356S89-326M C356x15.5 1400S350-128 C14x10.4 356Z76-326M Z356x15.4 1400Z300-128 Z14x10.3

40
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