ARCHITECTURE

CONSERVATION
WOOD

MITAKSHI CHOUHAN
M.ARCH
CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
01. INTRODUCTION
GLOBAL EMERGENCE
● Wood has been one f the most popular ● Neolithic longhouse is one such example
building materials since the dawn of ● Was a long, narrow timber dwelling built
civilization by the first farmers in Europe beginning
● Colosseum , numerous grandioso gothic period of 5000 to 6000 BC
cathedrals , and the gorgeous roads of ● LARGEST FREESTANDING
ancient rome , wood hasn’t survived much
STRUCTURE IN THE WORLD
throughout the centuries
● The internal infrastructure of many
gorgeous building is still furnished with
wood
● Wood might be one of the most
aesthetically pleasing material around and
is relatively easy to work with , it's not
known for its durability.
LONG HOUSE
● Europe
● Germany
● Americas
● Asia
● Taiwan
● Borneo
● Siberut
● Vietnam
● Nepal
● In STONE AGE man starting
making tools.
● They were made from natural
materials as animal bones ,
stone and wood
● BRONZE AGE allowed the
tools to be more durable and less
brittle .
● Metal saw brought on
advancements when working
with wood
● Wattle and daub , a combination
of woven strips and other
adhesive materials has been used
to build walls for at least 6,000
years
● IRON AGE the main building
material was the mud brick
which still required the use of
wood the bricks were formed in
wooden moulds .
● The iron age saw more
advancement in wood work
● The introduction of timber crane
during the ROMAN EMPIRE
allowed men to lift much larger
weights to higher heights
● MIDDLE AGE carpenters were
considered to be among the most
skilled craftsmen
● The construction of every
building required wood
● The WATER MILL invented
during RENAISSANCE (14th-
17th century ) had a hugely
positive impact
● The technique called TIMBER
FRAMING was first developed
by ROMANS in 50AD
● Timber framing was reaching its
heights with impressive
structure HAMMER BEAM
ROOF OF WESTMINSTER
HALL
● In china temples are usually built with
TIMBER FRAME on top of a stone
base
● NANCHAN TEMPLE (wutai)
● The BUDDHIST TEMPLE HORYU-
JI IS COMPOSED OF SEVERAL
BUILDINGS.
● Its five story wood and stucco pagoda ,
originally built in 607 , stands out as
the oldest wooden construction in the
world.
● It is more than 1.,400 years old
EMERGENCE IN INDIA
● In india the first evidence of wood can be
seen from River valley civilization .
● In forms of wheels and temples
construction
● In temples we can find the evidence of wood
carving
● Wood carving is one of the oldest arts
WOOD CARVING
● The traditional of wood carving has existed in INDIA from ANCIENT TIMES .
● The early wood carved temples bear witness to the crafts.
● Monuments like ASHOKA’S PALACE at pataliputra , and the magnificent
temple at BODH GAYA are fine examples
● The carvers of MADURAI , TAMIL NADU known as ASARI-S .
● Examples can be seen from different regions of india from KASHMIR to
GUJARAT to PUNJAB to RAJASTHAN , BENGAL , KARNATAKA ,
ASSAM and other states .
● Working on a delicate wood as WALNUT to make floral design .
● Ahmedabad we can find evidences of finest ornamental carving of balconies in
old homes
● Himachal pradesh has a fine tradition in temple wood carving .
● A rare sight is the cluster of temples with flat roofs and rising sikharas , the
intricate etchings on the pillars and the doors with a flavour of the Basohli style.
● India has long been admired for its architecture
that is a marvelous confluence of technology , art
and craftsmanship.
● India is dotted with wooden structures that have ★ RUMTEK MONASTERY , SIKKIM
been around for over a century and yet standing ➔ One of the sacred pilgrimage centers for Buddhists
strong to this day . ➔ Built in 1730, by the ninth karmapa ,
★ HIDIMBA TEMPLE, MANALI
➔ Mostly called as the Dhungiri temple in manali . this ➔ A fine example of tibetan monastic art, it has exquisitely carved
temples of four wooden stories . wood work .
➔ the temple was erected in 1533 . ★ VISHRAMBAUG WADA , PUNE
➔ The unadorned walls of mud are covered with ➔ It is a fine mansion situated at central pune , was the residence
stonework in construct with the wooden doorway, of Peshwa Bajirao II
which is elaborately decorated with miniature
➔ The 20,000 sq ft wada is famous for its fine entrance and the
depictions of goddess , attendants , animals and
stylized folitation balcony with carved woodwork.
★ KOOTHAMBALAM TEMPLE THEATER , ➔ It was built in 1807 AD
KERALA
➔ This temple theater is made of wood because kerala
has a vast track of wooden area and quality wood is
available in plenty .
KATH KUNI ARCHITECTURE
● Construction techniques prevalent in the
isolated hills of northern india , especially in
the region of HIMACHAL PRADESH .
● It is a traditional techniques that uses
altering layers of long thick wooden logs
and stone masonry, held in place usually
without using mortar .
● Most of the oldest temples, in the region are
built using this ancient system .
TEST
● COMPRESSION TEST
● TENSION TEST
● BENDING TEST

The strength of wood can also be measured

using a three-point bend test. The width
(w) and height (h) of wood samples are
measured, and the specimens are placed in
the three-point bend testing apparatus with
the height of the wood orientated vertically
in the apparatus.
COMMON ISSUES WITH WOOD CONSTRUCTION
● Woods and wood products are fairly simple 1. Moisture related issues
engineering materials. 2. Building site environment related issues
● The conception, design, and construction 3. Wood creep under load
process are fraught with problems if proper 4. Improper material protection at the job site
measures are not considered. 5. Fire retardant related problems
● In using wood in its many forms and with 6. Decay and
its unique inherent characteristics, there are 7. Termites
problem areas which seem to present easily
overlooked.
WOOD A GOOD BUILDING MATERIAL
● Tensile strength ● Beauty
Relatively lightweight material With the wide variety of species available ,
It can support its own weight better, which wood presents an incredible range of
allows for larger spaces and fewer aesthetics options
necessary supports in some building designs
● Wood is renewable
● Electrical and heat resistance ● Wood enhances energy efficiency
● Sound absorption
● Wood is biodegradable
Woods acoustics properties is ideal for
minimizing echo in living or office spaces