ASSIGNMENT 2

BAR ELEMENT

AE5030 Advanced Finite Element Method

By:

Budi Aji Warsiyanto 23620014

Lecturer:

Dr. Ir. Muhamad Giri Suada

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

2020
1. Problem
The taper bar element illustration is given as in Figure 1-1 and its properties are shown in Table 1-
1. From this information, the deformation value of the bar element can be calculated using analytical and
finite element methods (Abaqus software). In order to support the solution of the finite element method,
setup or modeling views are required. The setup consists of the geometric (coordinates), material property,
load, and mesh.
Table 1-1. Bar structure properties and load applications
Parameter Value
Modulus of elasticity, E 100000 N/mm2
Length, L 1080 mm
Root height, H0 270 mm
Tip height, HL 90 mm
Thickness, t 10 mm
Load, P 10 N

H0 P HL

Figure 1-1. A bar element structure

2. Solution
2.1 Analytical Method
The solutions used to solve the problems are divided into two, namely the analytical method and the
finite element (numerical). Analytical solutions use an equation which is obtained from the relationship
between force (P), stiffness (k), and deformation (δ) or it can be written mathematically as follows:
𝑃=𝑘𝛿
𝐴𝐸 (1)
𝑃= 𝛿
𝐿
However, to determine the deformation of a taper bar element is needed an equation that has a continuous
solution is needed as shown below:
𝐴𝐸
𝑃= 𝑑𝛿 (2)
𝑑𝑥
 To solve equation (2), it is necessary to describe the area variable A using references in Figures 2-1
and 2-2. The value of A is the cross-sectional area of the taper bar element which is different for each length
x so that the value of A can be obtained using equations (3) and (4).

H0 Hx P HL

Figure 2-1. A bar element structure with additional variables

Hx P

dx
Figure 2-2. Bar element discretization

𝐴 = 𝐻(𝑥) . 𝑡 (3)
𝑥 2
𝐻(𝑥) = 𝐻0 − .𝐻
𝐿 3 0
(4)
2𝑥
𝐻(𝑥) = 𝐻0 (1 − )
3𝐿

Next, substitute equation (3) to (2), then equation (5) can provide a solution to get the deformation value.
𝐻(𝑥) . 𝑡. 𝐸
𝑃= 𝑑𝛿
𝑑𝑥
𝑃
𝑑𝛿 = 𝑑𝑥
𝐻(𝑥) . 𝑡. 𝐸 (5)
𝐿 𝐿 𝑳
𝑃 𝑷
∫ 𝑑𝛿 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 → 𝜹 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝐻(𝑥) . 𝑡. 𝐸 𝑯(𝒙) . 𝒕. 𝑬
0 0 𝟎

Analytically, the deformation of the bar structure can be determined using equation (5) as follows:
 𝑳
𝑷
𝜹=∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝑯(𝒙) . 𝒕. 𝑬
𝟎
𝑷. 𝑳 𝟏𝟎 𝑵. 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝜹= →
𝑯(𝒙) . 𝒕. 𝑬 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟐( 𝟐 )
𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (𝟏 − 𝟑 . 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎 𝟐
𝒎𝒎 ) . 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎 . 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵/𝒎𝒎

𝜹 = 𝟔 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝒎

2.2 Numerical Method

The Abaqus application is used as a finite element (numeric) solution to the problem in the bar
element above. Abaqus was chosen because it is one of the advanced applications for analyzing a structure.
The working process using the finite element method application is divided into three, namely pre-
processing, solution, and post-processing. In addition, in the process of operation, several modules are used
to set up numerical modeling of bar elements. The following shows the module used to perform numerical
modeling:
a. Part (geometry)
In this module, the structural model is created based on the dimensions of length L shown in Table
1-1, namely 1080 mm. Figures 2-3 (a), (b), (c), and (d) show the different elements in the bar structure,
namely 2, 5, 10, and 20 elements are created in millimeters (mm) unit. More elements (40, 80, 160, and
540) it is not displayed because the details of the size of the elements are close to each other so that they
appear stacked. The difference of elements is intended to approximate the shape of the bar element
which has a tapered shape. This aims to determine the effect of the number of elements on the
deformation value obtained from the finite element method computation.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
Figure 2-3. Number of elements different in the bar structure: (a) 2, (b) 5, (c) 10, dan (d) 20 element
b. Property
The modulus of elasticity and cross-sectional area (multiplication of H(x) with thickness t) is input on
this module. Figures 2-4 (a), (b), (c), and (d) show the bar element that has inputted its properties so
that it has an area that extends along 𝑥-axis (according to the value of H(x) for each element). The
thickness visualization extends along the 𝑧-axis so that it is not visible on the figure. It is important that
this figure is only an illustration of the result of the profile rendering to show that the model matches the
property intended by the user of the finite element application. This is necessary because the modeling
in this assignment uses bar modeling which is modeled only with lines in the finite element application.
The non-rendered bar structure model is shown in Figure 2-4 (e).

Hx
x
L
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
Figure 2-4. Rendering of (a) 2, (b) 5, (c) 10, (b) 20 elements and (e) non-rendering bar element that
have inputted by the property

c. Step
The step is used to determine the type of simulation, whether static or dynamic. In this assignment,
the static simulation type linear perturbation is used because the force P given has a constant value in
accordance with time and the problem is still in the scope of linear analysis. Figure 2-5 shows the setup
used in this module. "Nlgeom: Off" is chosen because the structure does not experience large
displacement during loading.

Figure 2-5. Setup in the module step

d. Load
Figure 2-6 (a) shows the bar element that has applied boundary conditions and loads in the form of
concentrated force (CF). Figures 2-6 (b) and (c) show the boundary condition (ENCASTRE) setup,
respectively, which holds all tangential (U) and rotational (UR) displacements and loads used.
BC P

(a)

(b) (c)
Figure 2-6. Setup on "Module Load": (a) illustration of bar elements that have applied boundary
conditions, (b) boundary conditions, and (c) load

e. Mesh
The mesh module is used to define the mesh setup, such as the size or number and type (structured,
unstructured) of the elements. In this assignment, because the bar elements are modeled with a one-
dimensional line, only the size or number of elements can be determined. Figures 2-7 (a), (b), (c), and
(d) show the difference of element and node numbers on an element bar. A larger number of elements
are not displayed because the node and element labels are too many so that appears stacked. The
coordinates of each node from Figure 2-7 are shown in Table 2-1 based on the difference of elements
is created in the Part module (see Figure 2-3 and attachment for details).

node element

(a)

(b)
 (c)

(d)
Figure 2-7. The number of elements and nodes in the bar structure: (a) 2, (b) 5, (c) 10, and (b) 20
elements

Table 2-1. The coordinates for each node in the 10 and 20 element bar structures
10 elements 20 elements
Coordinate Coordinate Coordinate Coordinate
Node Node Node Node
(x, y) (x, y) (x, y) (x, y)
1 (0, 0) 7 (648, 0) 1 (0, 0) 12 (594, 0)
2 (108, 0) 8 (756, 0) 2 (54, 0) 13 (648, 0)
3 (216, 0) 9 (864, 0) 3 (108, 0) 14 (702, 0)
4 (324, 0) 10 (972, 0) 4 (162, 0) 15 (756, 0)
5 (432, 0) 11 (1080, 0) 5 (216, 0) 16 (810, 0)
6 (540, 0) 6 (270, 0) 17 (864, 0)
7 (324, 0) 18 (918, 0)
8 (378, 0) 19 (972, 0)
9 (432, 0) 20 (1026, 0)
10 (486, 0) 21 (1080, 0)
11 (540, 0)

f. Job
The job module is used to perform the computation process (running) modeling that has been created.
Figure 2-8 shows the job manager in the Abaqus application.

Figure 2-8. Job manager

2.2.1 Results
The simulation results are maximum deformation in the 𝑥-direction (U1) which is displayed in the
form of visualization and curves (graphs) are plotted based on the difference in the number of elements.
Figure 2-9 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) shows the deformation value of the bar structure based on
the color gradient and the difference in the number of elements, namely 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 540
elements, respectively. The color gradient is described by blue which indicates the minimum deformation
value and progressively increases to red which indicates the maximum deformation value. Table 2-2 and
Figure 2-10 shows the comparison of the maximum deformation values for different elements. It can be
seen that more elements provide a maximum deformation value that is closer to the value calculated using
the analytical method (minimum error).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)
 (g)

(h)
Figure 2-9. Visualization of the deformation of the bar structure for (a) 2, (b) 5, (c) 10, (d) 20, (e) 40, (f)
80, (g) 160, and (h) 540 elements

Table 2-2. Comparison of the maximum deformation values between the analytical and finite element
method based on the difference of element numbers
Element Deformation maximum (mm)
numbers Analytical Finite element Error (%)
2 90.00E-06 50.00
5 74.62E-06 24.37
10 70.09E-06 16.82
20 67.96E-06 13.27
60.00E-06
40 66.93E-06 11.55
80 66.42E-06 10.70
160 66.17E-06 10.28
540 65.99E-06 9.98

1 x 10-6
90
Finite element
85
Deformation (mm)

Analytical
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Element numbers
Figure 2-10. The maximum deformation values between the analytical and finite element method based
on the difference of element numbers
ATTACHMENT
The mesh coordinates for the varying number of elements will be different. The following is the data
for the creating of the bar structure geometry with a different number of elements:
• Two (2) element

Node Coordinate (x, y) H(x) (mm) A(x) (mm2)

1 0, 0
180 1800
2 540, 0
3 1080, 0 90 900

• Five (5) element

Coordinate H(x) A(x) Coordinate H(x) A(x)

Node Node
(x, y) (mm) (mm2) (x, y) (mm) (mm2)
1 0, 0 4 648, 0 162 1620
234 2340
2 216, 0 5 864, 0 126 1260
3 432, 0 198 1980 6 1080, 0 90 900

• Ten (10) element

Coordinate H(x) A(x) Coordinate H(x) A(x)

Node Node
(x, y) (mm) (mm2) (x, y) (mm) (mm2)
1 0, 0 7 648, 0 162 1620
252 2520
2 108, 0 8 756, 0 144 1440
3 216, 0 234 2340 9 864, 0 126 1260
4 324, 0 216 2160 10 972, 0 108 1080
5 432, 0 198 1980 11 1080, 0 90 900
6 540, 0 180 1800

• Twenty (20) element

Coordinate H(x) A(x) Coordinate H(x) A(x)

Node Node
(x, y) (mm) (mm2) (x, y) (mm) (mm2)
1 0, 0 12 594, 0 171 1710
261 2610
2 54, 0 13 648, 0 162 1620
3 108, 0 252 2520 14 702, 0 153 1530
4 162, 0 243 2430 15 756, 0 144 1440
5 216, 0 234 2340 16 810, 0 135 1350
6 270, 0 225 2250 17 864, 0 126 1260
7 324, 0 216 2160 18 918, 0 117 1170
8 378, 0 207 2070 19 972, 0 108 1080
 9 432, 0 198 1980 20 1026, 0 99 990
10 486, 0 189 1890 21 1080, 0 90 900
11 540, 0 180 1800

• Forty (40) element

Coordinate H(x) A(x) Coordinate H(x) A(x)

Node Node
(x, y) (mm) (mm2) (x, y) (mm) (mm2)
1 0, 0 22 567, 0 175.5 1755
265.5 2655
2 27, 0 23 594, 0 171 1710
3 54, 0 261 2610 24 621, 0 166.5 1665
4 81, 0 256.5 2565 25 648, 0 162 1620
5 108, 0 252 2520 26 675, 0 157.5 1575
6 135, 0 247.5 2475 27 702, 0 153 1530
7 162, 0 243 2430 28 729, 0 148.5 1485
8 189, 0 238.5 2385 29 756, 0 144 1440
9 216, 0 234 2340 30 783, 0 139.5 1395
10 243, 0 229.5 2295 31 810, 0 135 1350
11 270, 0 225 2250 32 837, 0 130.5 1305
12 297, 0 220.5 2205 33 864, 0 126 1260
13 324, 0 216 2160 34 891, 0 121.5 1215
14 351, 0 211.5 2115 35 918, 0 117 1170
15 378, 0 207 2070 36 945, 0 112.5 1125
16 405, 0 202.5 2025 37 972, 0 108 1080
17 432, 0 198 1980 38 999, 0 103.5 1035
18 459, 0 193.5 1935 39 1026, 0 99 990
19 486, 0 189 1890 40 1053, 0 94.5 945
20 513, 0 184.5 1845 41 1080, 0 90 900
21 540, 0 180 1800

• Eighty (80) element

Coordinate H(x) A(x) Coordinate H(x) A(x)

Node Node
(x, y) (mm) (mm2) (x, y) (mm) (mm2)
1 0, 0 42 553.5, 0 177.75 1777.5
267.75 2677.5
2 13.5, 0 43 567, 0 175.5 1755
3 27, 0 265.5 2655 44 580.5, 0 173.25 1732.5
4 40.5, 0 263.25 2632.5 45 594, 0 171 1710
5 54, 0 261 2610 46 607.5, 0 168.75 1687.5
6 67.5, 0 258.75 2587.5 47 621, 0 166.5 1665
7 81, 0 256.5 2565 48 634.5, 0 164.25 1642.5
8 94.5, 0 254.25 2542.5 49 648, 0 162 1620
9 108, 0 252 2520 50 661.5, 0 159.75 1597.5
 10 121.5, 0 249.75 2497.5 51 675, 0 157.5 1575
11 135, 0 247.5 2475 52 688.5, 0 155.25 1552.5
12 148.5, 0 245.25 2452.5 53 702, 0 153 1530
13 162, 0 243 2430 54 715.5, 0 150.75 1507.5
14 175.5, 0 240.75 2407.5 55 729, 0 148.5 1485
15 189, 0 238.5 2385 56 742.5, 0 146.25 1462.5
16 202.5, 0 236.25 2362.5 57 756, 0 144 1440
17 216, 0 234 2340 58 769.5, 0 141.75 1417.5
18 229.5, 0 231.75 2317.5 59 783, 0 139.5 1395
19 243, 0 229.5 2295 60 796.5, 0 137.25 1372.5
20 256.5, 0 227.25 2272.5 61 810, 0 135 1350
21 270, 0 225 2250 62 823.5, 0 132.75 1327.5
22 283.5, 0 222.75 2227.5 63 837, 0 130.5 1305
23 297, 0 220.5 2205 64 850.5, 0 128.25 1282.5
24 310.5, 0 218.25 2182.5 65 864, 0 126 1260
25 324, 0 216 2160 66 877.5, 0 123.75 1237.5
26 337.5, 0 213.75 2137.5 67 891, 0 121.5 1215
27 351, 0 211.5 2115 68 904.5, 0 119.25 1192.5
28 364.5, 0 209.25 2092.5 69 918, 0 117 1170
29 378, 0 207 2070 70 931.5, 0 114.75 1147.5
30 391.5, 0 204.75 2047.5 71 945, 0 112.5 1125
31 405, 0 202.5 2025 72 958.5, 0 110.25 1102.5
32 418.5, 0 200.25 2002.5 73 972, 0 108 1080
33 432, 0 198 1980 74 985.5, 0 105.75 1057.5
34 445.5, 0 195.75 1957.5 75 999, 0 103.5 1035
35 459, 0 193.5 1935 76 1012.5, 0 101.25 1012.5
36 472.5, 0 191.25 1912.5 77 1026, 0 99 990
37 486, 0 189 1890 78 1039.5, 0 96.75 967.5
38 499.5, 0 186.75 1867.5 79 1053, 0 94.5 945
39 513, 0 184.5 1845 80 1066.5, 0 92.25 922.5
40 526.5, 0 182.25 1822.5 81 1080, 0 90 900
41 540, 0 180 1800

• One hundred and sixty (160) element

Coordinate H(x) A(x) Coordinate H(x) A(x)

Node Node
(x, y) (mm) (mm2) (x, y) (mm) (mm2)
1 0, 0 82 546.75, 0 178.875 1788.75
268.875 2688.75
2 6.75, 0 83 553.5, 0 177.75 1777.5
3 13.5, 0 267.75 2677.5 84 560.25, 0 176.625 1766.25
4 20.25, 0 266.625 2666.25 85 567, 0 175.5 1755
5 27, 0 265.5 2655 86 573.75, 0 174.375 1743.75
6 33.75, 0 264.375 2643.75 87 580.5, 0 173.25 1732.5
7 40.5, 0 263.25 2632.5 88 587.25, 0 172.125 1721.25
 8 47.25, 0 262.125 2621.25 89 594, 0 171 1710
9 54, 0 261 2610 90 600.75, 0 169.875 1698.75
10 60.75, 0 259.875 2598.75 91 607.5, 0 168.75 1687.5
11 67.5, 0 258.75 2587.5 92 614.25, 0 167.625 1676.25
12 74.25, 0 257.625 2576.25 93 621, 0 166.5 1665
13 81, 0 256.5 2565 94 627.75, 0 165.375 1653.75
14 87.75, 0 255.375 2553.75 95 634.5, 0 164.25 1642.5
15 94.5, 0 254.25 2542.5 96 641.25, 0 163.125 1631.25
16 101.25, 0 253.125 2531.25 97 648, 0 162 1620
17 108, 0 252 2520 98 654.75, 0 160.875 1608.75
18 114.75, 0 250.875 2508.75 99 661.5, 0 159.75 1597.5
19 121.5, 0 249.75 2497.5 100 668.25, 0 158.625 1586.25
20 128.25, 0 248.625 2486.25 101 675, 0 157.5 1575
21 135, 0 247.5 2475 102 681.75, 0 156.375 1563.75
22 141.75, 0 246.375 2463.75 103 688.5, 0 155.25 1552.5
23 148.5, 0 245.25 2452.5 104 695.25, 0 154.125 1541.25
24 155.25, 0 244.125 2441.25 105 702, 0 153 1530
25 162, 0 243 2430 106 708.75, 0 151.875 1518.75
26 168.75, 0 241.875 2418.75 107 715.5, 0 150.75 1507.5
27 175.5, 0 240.75 2407.5 108 722.25, 0 149.625 1496.25
28 182.25, 0 239.625 2396.25 109 729, 0 148.5 1485
29 189, 0 238.5 2385 110 735.75, 0 147.375 1473.75
30 195.75, 0 237.375 2373.75 111 742.5, 0 146.25 1462.5
31 202.5, 0 236.25 2362.5 112 749.25, 0 145.125 1451.25
32 209.25, 0 235.125 2351.25 113 756, 0 144 1440
33 216, 0 234 2340 114 762.75, 0 142.875 1428.75
34 222.75, 0 232.875 2328.75 115 769.5, 0 141.75 1417.5
35 229.5, 0 231.75 2317.5 116 776.25, 0 140.625 1406.25
36 236.25, 0 230.625 2306.25 117 783, 0 139.5 1395
37 243, 0 229.5 2295 118 789.75, 0 138.375 1383.75
38 249.75, 0 228.375 2283.75 119 796.5, 0 137.25 1372.5
39 256.5, 0 227.25 2272.5 120 803.25, 0 136.125 1361.25
40 263.25, 0 226.125 2261.25 121 810, 0 135 1350
41 270, 0 225 2250 122 816.75, 0 133.875 1338.75
42 276.75, 0 223.875 2238.75 123 823.5, 0 132.75 1327.5
43 283.5, 0 222.75 2227.5 124 830.25, 0 131.625 1316.25
44 290.25, 0 221.625 2216.25 125 837, 0 130.5 1305
45 297, 0 220.5 2205 126 843.75, 0 129.375 1293.75
46 303.75, 0 219.375 2193.75 127 850.5, 0 128.25 1282.5
47 310.5, 0 218.25 2182.5 128 857.25, 0 127.125 1271.25
48 317.25, 0 217.125 2171.25 129 864, 0 126 1260
49 324, 0 216 2160 130 870.75, 0 124.875 1248.75
50 330.75, 0 214.875 2148.75 131 877.5, 0 123.75 1237.5
51 337.5, 0 213.75 2137.5 132 884.25, 0 122.625 1226.25
52 344.25, 0 212.625 2126.25 133 891, 0 121.5 1215
 53 351, 0 211.5 2115 134 897.75, 0 120.375 1203.75
54 357.75, 0 210.375 2103.75 135 904.5, 0 119.25 1192.5
55 364.5, 0 209.25 2092.5 136 911.25, 0 118.125 1181.25
56 371.25, 0 208.125 2081.25 137 918, 0 117 1170
57 378, 0 207 2070 138 924.75, 0 115.875 1158.75
58 384.75, 0 205.875 2058.75 139 931.5, 0 114.75 1147.5
59 391.5, 0 204.75 2047.5 140 938.25, 0 113.625 1136.25
60 398.25, 0 203.625 2036.25 141 945, 0 112.5 1125
61 405, 0 202.5 2025 142 951.75, 0 111.375 1113.75
62 411.75, 0 201.375 2013.75 143 958.5, 0 110.25 1102.5
63 418.5, 0 200.25 2002.5 144 965.25, 0 109.125 1091.25
64 425.25, 0 199.125 1991.25 145 972, 0 108 1080
65 432, 0 198 1980 146 978.75, 0 106.875 1068.75
66 438.75, 0 196.875 1968.75 147 985.5, 0 105.75 1057.5
67 445.5, 0 195.75 1957.5 148 992.25, 0 104.625 1046.25
68 452.25, 0 194.625 1946.25 149 999, 0 103.5 1035
69 459, 0 193.5 1935 150 1005.75, 0 102.375 1023.75
70 465.75, 0 192.375 1923.75 151 1012.5, 0 101.25 1012.5
71 472.5, 0 191.25 1912.5 152 1019.25, 0 100.125 1001.25
72 479.25, 0 190.125 1901.25 153 1026, 0 99 990
73 486, 0 189 1890 154 1032.75, 0 97.875 978.75
74 492.75, 0 187.875 1878.75 155 1039.5, 0 96.75 967.5
75 499.5, 0 186.75 1867.5 156 1046.25, 0 95.625 956.25
76 506.25, 0 185.625 1856.25 157 1053, 0 94.5 945
77 513, 0 184.5 1845 158 1059.75, 0 93.375 933.75
78 519.75, 0 183.375 1833.75 159 1066.5, 0 92.25 922.5
79 526.5, 0 182.25 1822.5 160 1073.25, 0 91.125 911.25
80 533.25, 0 181.125 1811.25 161 1080, 0 90 900
81 540, 0 180 1800

• Five hundred and forty (540) element

Coordinate H(x) A(x) Coordinate H(x) A(x)

Node Node
(x, y) (mm) (mm2) (x, y) (mm) (mm2)
1 0, 0 272 542, 0 179.6667 1796.667
269.6667 2696.667
2 2, 0 273 544, 0 179.3333 1793.333
3 4, 0 269.3333 2693.333 274 546, 0 179 1790
4 6, 0 269 2690 275 548, 0 178.6667 1786.667
5 8, 0 268.6667 2686.667 276 550, 0 178.3333 1783.333
6 10, 0 268.3333 2683.333 277 552, 0 178 1780
7 12, 0 268 2680 278 554, 0 177.6667 1776.667
8 14, 0 267.6667 2676.667 279 556, 0 177.3333 1773.333
9 16, 0 267.3333 2673.333 280 558, 0 177 1770
10 18, 0 267 2670 281 560, 0 176.6667 1766.667
11 20, 0 266.6667 2666.667 282 562, 0 176.3333 1763.333
12 22, 0 266.3333 2663.333 283 564, 0 176 1760
13 24, 0 266 2660 284 566, 0 175.6667 1756.667
14 26, 0 265.6667 2656.667 285 568, 0 175.3333 1753.333
15 28, 0 265.3333 2653.333 286 570, 0 175 1750
16 30, 0 265 2650 287 572, 0 174.6667 1746.667
17 32, 0 264.6667 2646.667 288 574, 0 174.3333 1743.333
18 34, 0 264.3333 2643.333 289 576, 0 174 1740
19 36, 0 264 2640 290 578, 0 173.6667 1736.667
20 38, 0 263.6667 2636.667 291 580, 0 173.3333 1733.333
21 40, 0 263.3333 2633.333 292 582, 0 173 1730
22 42, 0 263 2630 293 584, 0 172.6667 1726.667
23 44, 0 262.6667 2626.667 294 586, 0 172.3333 1723.333
24 46, 0 262.3333 2623.333 295 588, 0 172 1720
25 48, 0 262 2620 296 590, 0 171.6667 1716.667
26 50, 0 261.6667 2616.667 297 592, 0 171.3333 1713.333
27 52, 0 261.3333 2613.333 298 594, 0 171 1710
28 54, 0 261 2610 299 596, 0 170.6667 1706.667
29 56, 0 260.6667 2606.667 300 598, 0 170.3333 1703.333
30 58, 0 260.3333 2603.333 301 600, 0 170 1700
31 60, 0 260 2600 302 602, 0 169.6667 1696.667
32 62, 0 259.6667 2596.667 303 604, 0 169.3333 1693.333
33 64, 0 259.3333 2593.333 304 606, 0 169 1690
34 66, 0 259 2590 305 608, 0 168.6667 1686.667
35 68, 0 258.6667 2586.667 306 610, 0 168.3333 1683.333
36 70, 0 258.3333 2583.333 307 612, 0 168 1680
37 72, 0 258 2580 308 614, 0 167.6667 1676.667
38 74, 0 257.6667 2576.667 309 616, 0 167.3333 1673.333
39 76, 0 257.3333 2573.333 310 618, 0 167 1670
40 78, 0 257 2570 311 620, 0 166.6667 1666.667
41 80, 0 256.6667 2566.667 312 622, 0 166.3333 1663.333
42 82, 0 256.3333 2563.333 313 624, 0 166 1660
43 84, 0 256 2560 314 626, 0 165.6667 1656.667
44 86, 0 255.6667 2556.667 315 628, 0 165.3333 1653.333
45 88, 0 255.3333 2553.333 316 630, 0 165 1650
46 90, 0 255 2550 317 632, 0 164.6667 1646.667
47 92, 0 254.6667 2546.667 318 634, 0 164.3333 1643.333
48 94, 0 254.3333 2543.333 319 636, 0 164 1640
49 96, 0 254 2540 320 638, 0 163.6667 1636.667
50 98, 0 253.6667 2536.667 321 640, 0 163.3333 1633.333
51 100, 0 253.3333 2533.333 322 642, 0 163 1630
52 102, 0 253 2530 323 644, 0 162.6667 1626.667
53 104, 0 252.6667 2526.667 324 646, 0 162.3333 1623.333
54 106, 0 252.3333 2523.333 325 648, 0 162 1620
55 108, 0 252 2520 326 650, 0 161.6667 1616.667
 56 110, 0 251.6667 2516.667 327 652, 0 161.3333 1613.333
57 112, 0 251.3333 2513.333 328 654, 0 161 1610
58 114, 0 251 2510 329 656, 0 160.6667 1606.667
59 116, 0 250.6667 2506.667 330 658, 0 160.3333 1603.333
60 118, 0 250.3333 2503.333 331 660, 0 160 1600
61 120, 0 250 2500 332 662, 0 159.6667 1596.667
62 122, 0 249.6667 2496.667 333 664, 0 159.3333 1593.333
63 124, 0 249.3333 2493.333 334 666, 0 159 1590
64 126, 0 249 2490 335 668, 0 158.6667 1586.667
65 128, 0 248.6667 2486.667 336 670, 0 158.3333 1583.333
66 130, 0 248.3333 2483.333 337 672, 0 158 1580
67 132, 0 248 2480 338 674, 0 157.6667 1576.667
68 134, 0 247.6667 2476.667 339 676, 0 157.3333 1573.333
69 136, 0 247.3333 2473.333 340 678, 0 157 1570
70 138, 0 247 2470 341 680, 0 156.6667 1566.667
71 140, 0 246.6667 2466.667 342 682, 0 156.3333 1563.333
72 142, 0 246.3333 2463.333 343 684, 0 156 1560
73 144, 0 246 2460 344 686, 0 155.6667 1556.667
74 146, 0 245.6667 2456.667 345 688, 0 155.3333 1553.333
75 148, 0 245.3333 2453.333 346 690, 0 155 1550
76 150, 0 245 2450 347 692, 0 154.6667 1546.667
77 152, 0 244.6667 2446.667 348 694, 0 154.3333 1543.333
78 154, 0 244.3333 2443.333 349 696, 0 154 1540
79 156, 0 244 2440 350 698, 0 153.6667 1536.667
80 158, 0 243.6667 2436.667 351 700, 0 153.3333 1533.333
81 160, 0 243.3333 2433.333 352 702, 0 153 1530
82 162, 0 243 2430 353 704, 0 152.6667 1526.667
83 164, 0 242.6667 2426.667 354 706, 0 152.3333 1523.333
84 166, 0 242.3333 2423.333 355 708, 0 152 1520
85 168, 0 242 2420 356 710, 0 151.6667 1516.667
86 170, 0 241.6667 2416.667 357 712, 0 151.3333 1513.333
87 172, 0 241.3333 2413.333 358 714, 0 151 1510
88 174, 0 241 2410 359 716, 0 150.6667 1506.667
89 176, 0 240.6667 2406.667 360 718, 0 150.3333 1503.333
90 178, 0 240.3333 2403.333 361 720, 0 150 1500
91 180, 0 240 2400 362 722, 0 149.6667 1496.667
92 182, 0 239.6667 2396.667 363 724, 0 149.3333 1493.333
93 184, 0 239.3333 2393.333 364 726, 0 149 1490
94 186, 0 239 2390 365 728, 0 148.6667 1486.667
95 188, 0 238.6667 2386.667 366 730, 0 148.3333 1483.333
96 190, 0 238.3333 2383.333 367 732, 0 148 1480
97 192, 0 238 2380 368 734, 0 147.6667 1476.667
98 194, 0 237.6667 2376.667 369 736, 0 147.3333 1473.333
99 196, 0 237.3333 2373.333 370 738, 0 147 1470
100 198, 0 237 2370 371 740, 0 146.6667 1466.667
101 200, 0 236.6667 2366.667 372 742, 0 146.3333 1463.333
102 202, 0 236.3333 2363.333 373 744, 0 146 1460
103 204, 0 236 2360 374 746, 0 145.6667 1456.667
104 206, 0 235.6667 2356.667 375 748, 0 145.3333 1453.333
105 208, 0 235.3333 2353.333 376 750, 0 145 1450
106 210, 0 235 2350 377 752, 0 144.6667 1446.667
107 212, 0 234.6667 2346.667 378 754, 0 144.3333 1443.333
108 214, 0 234.3333 2343.333 379 756, 0 144 1440
109 216, 0 234 2340 380 758, 0 143.6667 1436.667
110 218, 0 233.6667 2336.667 381 760, 0 143.3333 1433.333
111 220, 0 233.3333 2333.333 382 762, 0 143 1430
112 222, 0 233 2330 383 764, 0 142.6667 1426.667
113 224, 0 232.6667 2326.667 384 766, 0 142.3333 1423.333
114 226, 0 232.3333 2323.333 385 768, 0 142 1420
115 228, 0 232 2320 386 770, 0 141.6667 1416.667
116 230, 0 231.6667 2316.667 387 772, 0 141.3333 1413.333
117 232, 0 231.3333 2313.333 388 774, 0 141 1410
118 234, 0 231 2310 389 776, 0 140.6667 1406.667
119 236, 0 230.6667 2306.667 390 778, 0 140.3333 1403.333
120 238, 0 230.3333 2303.333 391 780, 0 140 1400
121 240, 0 230 2300 392 782, 0 139.6667 1396.667
122 242, 0 229.6667 2296.667 393 784, 0 139.3333 1393.333
123 244, 0 229.3333 2293.333 394 786, 0 139 1390
124 246, 0 229 2290 395 788, 0 138.6667 1386.667
125 248, 0 228.6667 2286.667 396 790, 0 138.3333 1383.333
126 250, 0 228.3333 2283.333 397 792, 0 138 1380
127 252, 0 228 2280 398 794, 0 137.6667 1376.667
128 254, 0 227.6667 2276.667 399 796, 0 137.3333 1373.333
129 256, 0 227.3333 2273.333 400 798, 0 137 1370
130 258, 0 227 2270 401 800, 0 136.6667 1366.667
131 260, 0 226.6667 2266.667 402 802, 0 136.3333 1363.333
132 262, 0 226.3333 2263.333 403 804, 0 136 1360
133 264, 0 226 2260 404 806, 0 135.6667 1356.667
134 266, 0 225.6667 2256.667 405 808, 0 135.3333 1353.333
135 268, 0 225.3333 2253.333 406 810, 0 135 1350
136 270, 0 225 2250 407 812, 0 134.6667 1346.667
137 272, 0 224.6667 2246.667 408 814, 0 134.3333 1343.333
138 274, 0 224.3333 2243.333 409 816, 0 134 1340
139 276, 0 224 2240 410 818, 0 133.6667 1336.667
140 278, 0 223.6667 2236.667 411 820, 0 133.3333 1333.333
141 280, 0 223.3333 2233.333 412 822, 0 133 1330
142 282, 0 223 2230 413 824, 0 132.6667 1326.667
143 284, 0 222.6667 2226.667 414 826, 0 132.3333 1323.333
144 286, 0 222.3333 2223.333 415 828, 0 132 1320
145 288, 0 222 2220 416 830, 0 131.6667 1316.667
146 290, 0 221.6667 2216.667 417 832, 0 131.3333 1313.333
147 292, 0 221.3333 2213.333 418 834, 0 131 1310
148 294, 0 221 2210 419 836, 0 130.6667 1306.667
149 296, 0 220.6667 2206.667 420 838, 0 130.3333 1303.333
150 298, 0 220.3333 2203.333 421 840, 0 130 1300
151 300, 0 220 2200 422 842, 0 129.6667 1296.667
152 302, 0 219.6667 2196.667 423 844, 0 129.3333 1293.333
153 304, 0 219.3333 2193.333 424 846, 0 129 1290
154 306, 0 219 2190 425 848, 0 128.6667 1286.667
155 308, 0 218.6667 2186.667 426 850, 0 128.3333 1283.333
156 310, 0 218.3333 2183.333 427 852, 0 128 1280
157 312, 0 218 2180 428 854, 0 127.6667 1276.667
158 314, 0 217.6667 2176.667 429 856, 0 127.3333 1273.333
159 316, 0 217.3333 2173.333 430 858, 0 127 1270
160 318, 0 217 2170 431 860, 0 126.6667 1266.667
161 320, 0 216.6667 2166.667 432 862, 0 126.3333 1263.333
162 322, 0 216.3333 2163.333 433 864, 0 126 1260
163 324, 0 216 2160 434 866, 0 125.6667 1256.667
164 326, 0 215.6667 2156.667 435 868, 0 125.3333 1253.333
165 328, 0 215.3333 2153.333 436 870, 0 125 1250
166 330, 0 215 2150 437 872, 0 124.6667 1246.667
167 332, 0 214.6667 2146.667 438 874, 0 124.3333 1243.333
168 334, 0 214.3333 2143.333 439 876, 0 124 1240
169 336, 0 214 2140 440 878, 0 123.6667 1236.667
170 338, 0 213.6667 2136.667 441 880, 0 123.3333 1233.333
171 340, 0 213.3333 2133.333 442 882, 0 123 1230
172 342, 0 213 2130 443 884, 0 122.6667 1226.667
173 344, 0 212.6667 2126.667 444 886, 0 122.3333 1223.333
174 346, 0 212.3333 2123.333 445 888, 0 122 1220
175 348, 0 212 2120 446 890, 0 121.6667 1216.667
176 350, 0 211.6667 2116.667 447 892, 0 121.3333 1213.333
177 352, 0 211.3333 2113.333 448 894, 0 121 1210
178 354, 0 211 2110 449 896, 0 120.6667 1206.667
179 356, 0 210.6667 2106.667 450 898, 0 120.3333 1203.333
180 358, 0 210.3333 2103.333 451 900, 0 120 1200
181 360, 0 210 2100 452 902, 0 119.6667 1196.667
182 362, 0 209.6667 2096.667 453 904, 0 119.3333 1193.333
183 364, 0 209.3333 2093.333 454 906, 0 119 1190
184 366, 0 209 2090 455 908, 0 118.6667 1186.667
185 368, 0 208.6667 2086.667 456 910, 0 118.3333 1183.333
186 370, 0 208.3333 2083.333 457 912, 0 118 1180
187 372, 0 208 2080 458 914, 0 117.6667 1176.667
188 374, 0 207.6667 2076.667 459 916, 0 117.3333 1173.333
189 376, 0 207.3333 2073.333 460 918, 0 117 1170
190 378, 0 207 2070 461 920, 0 116.6667 1166.667
191 380, 0 206.6667 2066.667 462 922, 0 116.3333 1163.333
192 382, 0 206.3333 2063.333 463 924, 0 116 1160
193 384, 0 206 2060 464 926, 0 115.6667 1156.667
194 386, 0 205.6667 2056.667 465 928, 0 115.3333 1153.333
195 388, 0 205.3333 2053.333 466 930, 0 115 1150
196 390, 0 205 2050 467 932, 0 114.6667 1146.667
197 392, 0 204.6667 2046.667 468 934, 0 114.3333 1143.333
198 394, 0 204.3333 2043.333 469 936, 0 114 1140
199 396, 0 204 2040 470 938, 0 113.6667 1136.667
200 398, 0 203.6667 2036.667 471 940, 0 113.3333 1133.333
201 400, 0 203.3333 2033.333 472 942, 0 113 1130
202 402, 0 203 2030 473 944, 0 112.6667 1126.667
203 404, 0 202.6667 2026.667 474 946, 0 112.3333 1123.333
204 406, 0 202.3333 2023.333 475 948, 0 112 1120
205 408, 0 202 2020 476 950, 0 111.6667 1116.667
206 410, 0 201.6667 2016.667 477 952, 0 111.3333 1113.333
207 412, 0 201.3333 2013.333 478 954, 0 111 1110
208 414, 0 201 2010 479 956, 0 110.6667 1106.667
209 416, 0 200.6667 2006.667 480 958, 0 110.3333 1103.333
210 418, 0 200.3333 2003.333 481 960, 0 110 1100
211 420, 0 200 2000 482 962, 0 109.6667 1096.667
212 422, 0 199.6667 1996.667 483 964, 0 109.3333 1093.333
213 424, 0 199.3333 1993.333 484 966, 0 109 1090
214 426, 0 199 1990 485 968, 0 108.6667 1086.667
215 428, 0 198.6667 1986.667 486 970, 0 108.3333 1083.333
216 430, 0 198.3333 1983.333 487 972, 0 108 1080
217 432, 0 198 1980 488 974, 0 107.6667 1076.667
218 434, 0 197.6667 1976.667 489 976, 0 107.3333 1073.333
219 436, 0 197.3333 1973.333 490 978, 0 107 1070
220 438, 0 197 1970 491 980, 0 106.6667 1066.667
221 440, 0 196.6667 1966.667 492 982, 0 106.3333 1063.333
222 442, 0 196.3333 1963.333 493 984, 0 106 1060
223 444, 0 196 1960 494 986, 0 105.6667 1056.667
224 446, 0 195.6667 1956.667 495 988, 0 105.3333 1053.333
225 448, 0 195.3333 1953.333 496 990, 0 105 1050
226 450, 0 195 1950 497 992, 0 104.6667 1046.667
227 452, 0 194.6667 1946.667 498 994, 0 104.3333 1043.333
228 454, 0 194.3333 1943.333 499 996, 0 104 1040
229 456, 0 194 1940 500 998, 0 103.6667 1036.667
230 458, 0 193.6667 1936.667 501 1000, 0 103.3333 1033.333
231 460, 0 193.3333 1933.333 502 1002, 0 103.00 1030.00
232 462, 0 193 1930 503 1004, 0 102.67 1026.67
233 464, 0 192.6667 1926.667 504 1006, 0 102.33 1023.33
234 466, 0 192.3333 1923.333 505 1008, 0 102.00 1020.00
235 468, 0 192 1920 506 1010, 0 101.67 1016.67
236 470, 0 191.6667 1916.667 507 1012, 0 101.33 1013.33
237 472, 0 191.3333 1913.333 508 1014, 0 101.00 1010.00
238 474, 0 191 1910 509 1016, 0 100.67 1006.67
239 476, 0 190.6667 1906.667 510 1018, 0 100.33 1003.33
240 478, 0 190.3333 1903.333 511 1020, 0 100.00 1000.00
241 480, 0 190 1900 512 1022, 0 99.67 996.67
242 482, 0 189.6667 1896.667 513 1024, 0 99.33 993.33
243 484, 0 189.3333 1893.333 514 1026, 0 99.00 990.00
244 486, 0 189 1890 515 1028, 0 98.67 986.67
245 488, 0 188.6667 1886.667 516 1030, 0 98.33 983.33
246 490, 0 188.3333 1883.333 517 1032, 0 98.00 980.00
247 492, 0 188 1880 518 1034, 0 97.67 976.67
248 494, 0 187.6667 1876.667 519 1036, 0 97.33 973.33
249 496, 0 187.3333 1873.333 520 1038, 0 97.00 970.00
250 498, 0 187 1870 521 1040, 0 96.67 966.67
251 500, 0 186.6667 1866.667 522 1042, 0 96.33 963.33
252 502, 0 186.3333 1863.333 523 1044, 0 96.00 960.00
253 504, 0 186 1860 524 1046, 0 95.67 956.67
254 506, 0 185.6667 1856.667 525 1048, 0 95.33 953.33
255 508, 0 185.3333 1853.333 526 1050, 0 95.00 950.00
256 510, 0 185 1850 527 1052, 0 94.67 946.67
257 512, 0 184.6667 1846.667 528 1054, 0 94.33 943.33
258 514, 0 184.3333 1843.333 529 1056, 0 94.00 940.00
259 516, 0 184 1840 530 1058, 0 93.67 936.67
260 518, 0 183.6667 1836.667 531 1060, 0 93.33 933.33
261 520, 0 183.3333 1833.333 532 1062, 0 93.00 930.00
262 522, 0 183 1830 533 1064, 0 92.67 926.67
263 524, 0 182.6667 1826.667 534 1066, 0 92.33 923.33
264 526, 0 182.3333 1823.333 535 1068, 0 92.00 920.00
265 528, 0 182 1820 536 1070, 0 91.67 916.67
266 530, 0 181.6667 1816.667 537 1072, 0 91.33 913.33
267 532, 0 181.3333 1813.333 538 1074, 0 91.00 910.00
268 534, 0 181 1810 539 1076, 0 90.67 906.67
269 536, 0 180.6667 1806.667 540 1078, 0 90.33 903.33
270 538, 0 180.3333 1803.333 541 1080, 0 90.00 900.00
271 540, 0 180 1800