BHS Math

Summer Bridge
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 Solve Multi-Step Equations using inverse operations

HINTS & NOTES

 Remember to solve equations or inequalities you MUST maintain balance (what you do to one side of the
equation has to be done to the other side of the equation).
 Don’t forget to FLIP the inequality sign if you multiply or divide by a negative when solving inequalities.
 Inverse Operations:
o Addition and Subtraction
o Multiplication and Division
 Don’t forget your integer operation rules. Use your calculator to check your work!
 Test taking strategy: If all else fails, PLUG And CHUG, substitute each answer choice into the equation
until you find the one that works!
Graphing Inequalities
 The symbols: The dots:
o <  is less than o <  open dot / circle
o >  is greater than o >  open dot / circle
o ≤  is less than or equal to o ≤  closed dot
o ≥  is greater than or equal to o ≥  closed dot
 Shade the part of the number line that contains the numbers that make the inequality true. Pick a
number and check it in the inequality…if it’s a true statement, shade it!; if it’s not true, shade the other
side.
Properties
 Distributive Property
 Identity Properties
 Inverse Properties

PRACTICE
1. What is the solution of this equation? 4. Which graph best represents the solution to
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝟔𝟔 𝟕𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
≥ 𝒙𝒙 + ?
3 𝟖𝟖 𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐
A. − C. 1
2
3
B. −1 D.
2

2. What value of x makes this equation true?

𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝟖𝟖 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔

A. 36 C. 16
B. 17 D. 9

𝒏𝒏+𝟒𝟒
3. What is the solution to − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏?
𝟐𝟐

A. n = 4 C. n = 16
B. n = 14 D. n = 28
 Solving Multi-Step Equations
Continue

PRACTICE
5. What is the solution to this inequality? 9. The first six steps used to solve an equation are
𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 ≥ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 + 𝟒𝟒 shown.
E. −3 ≥ 𝑥𝑥
F. −3 ≤ 𝑥𝑥
G. 7 ≥ 𝑥𝑥
H. 7 ≤ 𝑥𝑥

6. Solve this inequality for x. Between which two steps does the zero property of
𝒙𝒙 multiplication justify the work?
𝟐𝟐 < + 𝟓𝟓
𝟒𝟒 E. Steps 2 and 3
F. Steps 3 and 4
G. Steps 4 and 5
H. Steps 5 and 6

10. Eric solved the equation 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 as shown.

7. Identify each equation that illustrates the
commutative property of multiplication.

What property justifies Eric’s work from Step 2 to Step

3?

11. Which is one value of the set of x that makes the

following true?
8. Martha wrote the first step in solving an equation. −𝟔𝟔 > −4𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
E. -21
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + (𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 F. -5
Step 1: (𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + 𝒙𝒙) + 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 G. -10
H. -21
Which property justifies this step?
E. Associative property of multiplication
F. Commutative property of addition
G. Associative property of addition
H. Distributive property
 Graph Linear Equations
HINTS & NOTES
 Testing strategies:
o If given a table with coordinates to match with a graph, draw a graph on scratch paper and plot
the points and then choose the graph that matches!
o If given a graph and asked to choose a table that matches, write down all the points in the graph
and then choose the table that matches!

PRACTICE
1. Which line appears to contain both ordered pairs 3. Which graph appears to contain all the ordered
shown in this table? pairs in this relation?

2. Which line appears to be a graph of the equation 4. Alana is creating a table of values to graph the
shown? equation 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝟗𝟗.
𝒚𝒚 = −𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏
What is the missing y-value?
E. -5
F. -1
G. 1
H. 5

5. Using the graph of the line, fill in the missing values

in each ordered pair in the table: -6, -2, 0, 2, 4
 Domain and Range, independent variable, or dependent variable in a given situation.
HINTS & NOTES
 Domain: All the VALUES of x, or the independent variable.
 Range: All the VALUES of y, or the dependent variable.
 Independent Variable: “I Change”; usually associated with the x-axis.
 Dependent Variable: This depends on the independent variable; usually associated with the y-axis.

PRACTICE

1. What is the range of this relation? 5. What is the range of 𝒚𝒚 = −𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏 for the domain
of {2, 8}?

E. {1, 2, 4, 6}
F. {1, 2, 4, 5}
G. {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}
H. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
6. Determine the independent and dependent
variable in each situation.
c) Sarah has hired a contractor to replace the
2. What is the greatest value in the range of 𝒚𝒚 = windows in her house. The more people that
−𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝟑𝟑 for the domain {-2, 0, 1, 3}? work, the less time it takes to install the
E. 3 windows.
F. 8
G. 13
H. 18

3. Which relation has a domain of {3, 5, 8}? d) Leon sells ice cream cones in the park. He has
E. {(5, 1), (3, 4), (8, 2), (3, 3)} observed that when the outside temperature
F. {(3, 2), (5, 1), (8, 3), (1, 4)} exceeds ninety degrees, he sells more ice
G. {(2, 8), (1, 3), (3, 5)} cream cones.
H. {(3, 8), (5, 3), (3, 5)}

4. What are the domain and range of this function?

7. A team from the Department of Public Works is

painting lines on the freeway. The number of hours
needed to finish the project depends on the length of
the road that needs to be lined.

h = the number of hours needed

r = the length of the road

Which is the independent variable?

 DECIMALS, PERCENTAGES, FRACTIONs

HINTS & NOTES

HINTS & NOTES
 To write a number in scientific notation, you write the
Hownumber as two factors.
to simplify numeric expressions:
o Move the decimal to the left or right to make a factor between 1 and 10.
o The exponent will be the number of places that you moved the decimal. G
 Example: 25,000,000 = 2.5 x 107 E
 Example: .000345 = 3.4 x 10-4
MD
 To write a number in standard form, you move the decimal point to the left or right as many places as the
AS
exponent indicates. Put 0 in any space.
o Example: 3.4 x 105 = 340,000
Step 1: Perform operations with
o Example: 5.8 x 10-3 = .0058
grouping symbols (parenthesis and
 Steps for ordering numbers:
o Change all of the numbers to decimals.
brackets).
o Remember to look for the order that the questions asks. (L →G or G→L)
 Step (top
To change a fraction to a decimal → divide the numerator 2: Simplify exponents.
number) by the denominator (bottom
number).
Step 3: Perform all multiplication and
 Example: = 0.375 division (in order from left to right)
 To change a percent to a decimal →move the decimal two places to the left
Step 4: Perform all addition and
o Example: 78% = 0.78
subtraction (in order from left to right).
 Ascending means…

 Descending means…

PRACTICE
1. Identify each number between 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 and 4. Which list is ordered from least to greatest?
1 3
195%. A. , , 30%, 3 × 10−2
3 5

1.8 × 101 7 18.5 7 3 1

1 B. , , 30%, 3 × 10−2
8 4 5 3

1 3
C. 3 × 10−2 , 30%, ,
3 5
2. What is 102,000,000 expressed in scientific 1 3
notation? D. , 30%, 3 × 10−2 ,
3 5
A. 1.02 x 109
B. 1.02 x 108 5. Arrange the numbers from greatest to least.
C. 1.02 x 107
D. 1.02 x 106 9.1 × 102 918% 1830 920.0
2
3. Which statement is true?
A. 0.09 >
6. Arrange the numbers from least to greatest.
B. 6% < 0.09 65% 2 6.04 × 10−1 6.40
C. < 8.0 x 10-3 3

D. 8.0 x 10-3 > 6%

 Order of Operations with Numbers

HINTS & NOTES

 How to simplify numeric expressions:
P  Perform operations with Parenthesis
E  Simplify Exponents
MD  Perform all Multiplication and Division (in order from left to right)
AS  Perform all Addition and Subtraction (in order from left to right)

PRACTICE

7. According to the order of operations, which 11. What is the value of the expression shown?
operation should be performed first to simplify the |−𝟒𝟒 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐|
+ √𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
expression? 𝟖𝟖
12 + 2 • 52 – 1

A. 12 + 2
B. 5–1
C. 2 • 52
D. 52
12. What is the value of 4(6 + 2)2?
8. Which value is equivalent to ? A. 64
B. 160
C. 256
A. 2 D. 1,024
B. 14
C. 16
D. 30 13. Identify each expression that is equivalent to 24.

9. What is the value of (4 – 2)2 + 4 -1? 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐

A. 7 𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑 ∙ 𝟑𝟑
B. 9
C. 15 (𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑) ∙ 𝟒𝟒
D. 17
𝟒𝟒 + 𝟒𝟒 ∙ 𝟓𝟓
10. What is the value of the expression shown? 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 ÷ 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟔𝟔
√𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
+ |−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝟔𝟔|
𝟓𝟓
14. According to the order of operations, what should
be performed first to simplify the expression.
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ÷ 𝟔𝟔 + 𝟑𝟑 ∙ 𝟐𝟐

A. 10 + 18
B. 6+3
C. 3∙2
D. 18 ÷ 6
 THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM
HINTS & NOTES
 Natural: “counting numbers”; 1, 2, 3, … Real
Rational
 Whole: the Natural numbers plus 0; 0, 1, 2, 3, …
Integers
 Integers: Whole numbers and their opposites; …, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, …
Whole
 Rational: Numbers that can be written as a ratio; decimals end or Irrational
repeat; ½, ¼, 5, -2, 0 Natural
 Irrational: Decimals that never end and never repeat; √13, π
 Subset – smaller or more specific group within a set
o Example: The Integers are a subset of the Rational Numbers
 “Contained in” – EVERYTHING is a subset of the bigger group
o Example: The Natural numbers are completely contained in the Whole numbers

PRACTICE
1. Which of the following does not contain the 5. Which number in this list is NOT an integer?
number 24? 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
, −𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟐 , √𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐, −𝟒𝟒. 𝟖𝟖
𝟒𝟒
12
A. Integers A.
4
B. Whole Numbers B. −42
C. Natural Numbers C. √25
D. Irrational Numbers D. −4.8

2. Which of the following is not a rational number? 6. Which number is an irrational number?
A. −√9
A. -0.75 B. −10
B. 0 C. 5.499
C. D. √17
D.
7. Which of the following sets of numbers contain the
𝟏𝟏
3. What subset of the real number system is number − ?
𝟑𝟑
completely contained in the Whole Numbers?
Integers Real Numbers
A. Natural
B. Integer Rational Numbers Whole Numbers
C. Rational
D. Irrational Irrational Numbers Natural Numbers

4. The set of whole numbers is not a subset of -

8. Identify each classification of the real number
A. irrational numbers system that can describe the set of numbers shown.
B. integers �−√𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑, 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑%, 𝟐𝟐�
C. rational numbers
D. real numbers Real Natural

Whole Integer

Irrational Rational
 PROPORTIONS PERCENTS DECIMAL

HINTS & NOTES

 Set up a proportion with two equal fractions with similar information, cross multiply and divide to solve
the equation.

 Percent Proportion 
 Change a percent to a decimal and multiply: Move the decimal place two places to the left.
o Ex: 5.5% is 0.055 or 1% is 0.01
 Tax: Find the % tax in $ by MULTIPLYING the $ times the % as a decimal. ADD to original amount.
 Tip: Find the % tip in $ by MULTIPLYING the $ times the % as a decimal. ADD to original amount.
 Mark-Up: Find the % mark-up in $ by MULTIPLYING the $ times the % as a decimal. ADD to original
amount.
 Sales/Discount: Find the % in $ by MULTIPLYING the $ times the % as a decimal. SUBTRACT from the
original amount
 Interest: I = prt, where p is the _______ amount ($), r is the ______ (%), and t is the _______ (years).
 Checkbook Vocabulary:
o Credit/Deposit = ________
o Debit/Withdraw = ________
 Percent Increase/Decrease (change):
o new value - old value x 100
old value

PRACTICE

1. Manuel can paint 5 pictures in 12.5 hours. At this 3.

rate, which proportion can be used to find p, the
number of pictures Manuel can paint in 8 hours?

A.

B.

C.

D.

2. Xavier saved money to purchase a bike that 4. A librarian knows that 45% of the books currently
originally cost $250, not including tax. The store checked out will NOT be returned on the due date.
discounted the bike by 20%. What is the discounted The library has a total of 5,040 books. How many of
price he will pay for the bike, not including tax? the library’s books will be returned on the due date?

A. $200 B. $230 C. $270 D. $280

 Proportions continued

PRACTICE
5. At a water park, $8 buys 15 tickets. Sue is going to 10. Susan’s checkbook had a balance of $22.05 on
spend $96 on tickets. How many tickets will her $96 April 1. On April 5, she wrote a check for $106.30 to
buy? the auto repair shop. On April 7, she wrote a check in
A. 12 the amount of $310.00 for rent. On April 9, her dad
B. 18 sent her $95.00 to deposit into her account. What is
C. 120 the balance of Susan’s account after this deposit?
D. 180

6. Dora bought a total of 48 cupcakes. Each cupcake

cost $0.55, including tax. Of the cupcakes she
𝟑𝟑
bought, were vanilla cupcakes. What was the total
𝟖𝟖
cost of only the vanilla cupcakes?
11. Jane bought a new sweater. It was priced at
A. $6.60
$32.00 and there was a 25% discount. Jane gave the
B. $9.90
cashier $40. What was her change?
C. $16.50
D. $26.40

7. Emil bought a camera for $268.26, including tax.

He made a down payment of $12.00 and paid the
balance in 6 equal monthly payments. What was
12. If a pole 9 feet tall casts a shadow of 3 feet, how
Emil’s monthly payment for this camera?
long of a shadow would a 6 foot man cast?
A. $42.71
A. 1 ft
B. $44.71
B. 1.5 ft
C. $46.71
C. 2 ft
D. $56.71
D. 2.5 ft
8. A food company reduced the amount of salt in one
13. Don buys a car for $22,500. Don gets a loan for 5
of their food products from 700 milligrams to 630
years with an interest rate of 3% per year. How much
milligrams. What is the percent decrease in the
total interest will Don pay over the five years?
amount of salt in this food product?
A. $675
A. 10%
B. $3,375
B. 12%
C. $19,125
C. 70%
D. $25,875
D. 90%
14. While shopping at a store, Billy found a $900
9. Kyle caught 9 insects for his science project in the
television that was on sale at a discount rate of 30%.
first week. He caught 13 insects in the second week.
What is the amount of discount?
What is the percent increase in the number of insects
A. $270
Kyle caught from the first week to the second week?
B. $630
Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
C. $870
D. $1170
 SIMPLIFY EXPRESSIONS

HINTS & NOTES

 Substitution: Replace the variable with the appropriate given value. Follow the order of operations.
G  Perform operations with Grouping symbols (parentheses, brackets, absolute value)
E  Simplify Exponents
MD  Perform all Multiplication and Division (in order from left to right)
AS  Perform all Addition and Subtraction (in order from left to right)

PRACTICE

1. What is the value of 3(x2 - 4x) when x =5? 5. What is the value of 𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 + 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒙𝒙 when 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟑𝟑?
A. 5 A. 9
B. 15 B. 18
C. 30 C. 21
D. 55 D. 39

6. If 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐 and 𝒕𝒕 = 𝟒𝟒, what is the value of

2. What is the value of the expression 𝟏𝟏
�𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 − 𝟒𝟒�(𝒕𝒕𝟐𝟐 + 𝟖𝟖)?
𝟖𝟖
5(a + b) - 3(b + c)
A. 12
if a=4,b=3,and c=-2?
B. 4
A. 20
C. -72
B. 18
D. -144
C. 14
D. 9
𝟖𝟖 𝟑𝟑
7. What is the value of 𝒏𝒏𝟑𝟑 when 𝒏𝒏 = ?
𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐
A. 4
B. 6
3. What is the value of the following when b = 2? C. 9
D. 12
3b + 3(b - 4)
b2 - b
8. Identify each expression that has a value of 53
when given the corresponding replacement set.

𝑎𝑎3 + 13𝑏𝑏 when 𝑎𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏𝑏 = 2

1
10𝑏𝑏 2 ∙ + 𝑎𝑎3 when 𝑎𝑎 = 2 and 𝑏𝑏 = 3
2
4. What is the value of 𝟐𝟐(𝟓𝟓 − 𝒂𝒂)𝟐𝟐 + 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 when 𝒂𝒂 = 𝟐𝟐?
A. 16 𝑎𝑎2 + 1 ∙ 𝑏𝑏 2 when 𝑎𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏𝑏 = 6
B. 20 3𝑎𝑎+4𝑏𝑏2
C. 32 2
when 𝑎𝑎 = 2 and 𝑏𝑏 = 5
D. 50
5 + 𝑎𝑎2 ∙ 𝑏𝑏 + 8 when 𝑎𝑎 = 2 and 𝑏𝑏 = 5
 PERFECT SQUARES and ROOTS

HINTS & NOTES

 Perfect Square: is the product of an integer and itself.
Ex.: 52 = 102 = 152 = 122 =

 Square Root: is the base which when multiplied by itself is equal to the original number.
Ex: = = - = =
 Estimating Square Roots: Identify the two consecutive whole numbers between which square root of a
given whole number lies.
Ex.
o Determine the two perfect squares that 21 falls between.
o Take the square root of the two perfect squares
o Answer.
o Example

16 & 25
&
4 & 5

PRACTICE
1. Which of the following numbers is a perfect 5. Place the where it belongs on a number line.
square?
A. 36
B. 28
C. 22
D. 14

2. Between which two whole numbers is ?

6. What is −√𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑?
A. 32 and 34
B. 16 and 17
C. 6 and 7
D. 5 and 6

7. Which pair of numbers are both between 6 and 7?

3. Which number is a perfect square?
A. 2 A. √30 and √42
B. 5 B. √36 and √49
C. 25 C. √37 and √50
D. 52 D. √42 and √48

4. Which has a value between -2 and -3? 8. Which statement best describes √𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓?
A. - A. Exactly 7
B. Exactly 25
B. -
C. Between 7 and 8
C. - D. Between 24 and 26
D. -
 ANGLES AND GEOMETRY

HINTS & NOTES

 Vertical angles: Angles directly opposite that are congruent.

 Complementary angles: Two Angles are Complementary if they add up to ______ degrees (a Right
Angle). Complementary think Corner.

 Supplementary angles: Two angles are Supplementary if they add up to ________ degrees (straight line).
Supplementary think Straight Line.

 Reflex angles: Angles that measure between 180 and 360 degrees.

 Adjacent angles: any two non-overlapping angles that share a common side and a common vertex.

PRACTICE

1. In which diagram do <1 and <2 appear to be 2. Which pair of angles is supplementary?
vertical angles?
 ANGLES CONTINUED….

PRACTICE

3. Which of the following could be the 7. Which statement is true?

measurements of two supplementary angles?
A. 7⁰ and 83⁰
B. 83⁰ and 83⁰
C. 97⁰ and 83⁰
D. 117⁰ and 83⁰

4. Look at the angles.

A. Angle 2 and angle 4 are vertical angles.

B. Angle 3 and angle 6 are complementary angles.
C. Angle 1 and angle 2 are supplementary angles.
D. Angle 1 and angle 5 are complementary angles.

Identify each angle that is adjacent to Angle 2. 8. Which is the closest to the measure of <WXY?

Angle 1 Angle 3 Angle 4 Angle 5

5. In this figure, 𝒎𝒎 < 1 = (15𝒙𝒙 − 𝟓𝟓)⁰ and 𝒎𝒎 <

2 = (10𝒙𝒙 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑)⁰.

A. 45⁰
B. 55⁰
C. 135⁰
D. 145⁰
What is 𝒎𝒎 < 1?
A. 31⁰ 9. In the figure shown,
B. 65⁰ 𝒎𝒎 < 1 = (4𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)⁰ and 𝒎𝒎 < 2 = (6𝒙𝒙 + 𝟖𝟖)⁰.
C. 85⁰
D. 115⁰

6. Label each angle with its measure.

127⁰
What is m < 1?
A. 20⁰
B. 40⁰
C. 50⁰
D. 76⁰
 VOLUME

HINTS & NOTES

 Volume is the number of unit cubes, or cubic units, needed to fill a solid figure. (filling a box)
o Formulas:
Rectangular Prism: V = lwh
Where:
Triangular Prism: V = Bh
V = volume
Cylinder: V = πr 2h
1 SA = surface area
Cone: V = πr 2h B = area of the base
3
1
Pyramid: V = Bh l = length or slant height
3
w = width
 Surface Area is the sum of the areas of its surfaces. (wrapping a box) h = height
o Formulas: r = radius
Rectangular Prism: SA = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh p = perimeter of the base
Triangular Prism: SA = hp + 2B
Cylinder: SA = 2πrh + 2πr 2
Cone: SA = πrl + πr 2
Pyramid: SA = ½l p + B

PRACTICE
1. What is the volume of a square-based pyramid 3. The volume of a square-based pyramid is 588 cubic
with base side lengths of 16 meters, a slant height of inches. The height of this pyramid is 9 inches. What is
17 meters, and a height of 15 meters? the area of the base of this pyramid?

A. 1280 m3
B. 1360 m3
C. 1450 m3
D. 2040 m3
4. What is the total surface area and volume of this
2. Which is the closest to the surface area of the cone prism?
with dimensions as shown?

Surface Area =
Volume =

A. 66 sq in.
B. 75 sq in. 5. Which is closest to the volume of this cylinder?
C. 113 sq in.
A. 15.7 in3
D. 207 sq in.
B. 19.7 in3
C. 31.4 in3
D. 78.5 in3
 VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA CONTINUED….

PRACTICE

6. What is the surface area of a rectangular prism 9. Josh has two rectangular prisms. The length of the
with the dimensions shown? second prism is 10 times the length of the first prism.
The heights and widths of the two prisms are the
same. Which best describes the volume of the second
prism?
A. The volume is 10 times the volume of the first
prism.
B. The volume is 30 times the volume of the first
A. 7 sq in. prism.
B. 14 sq in. C. The volume is 100 times the volume of the first
C. 18 sq in. prism.
D. 25 sq in. D. The volume is 1,000 times the volume of the
first prism.

7. What is the volume of the cube?

10. If a rectangular prism has a length of 3 feet, a
width of 4 feet, and a height of 5 feet and you double
the width, what will happen to the volume and
surface area?

A. 144 m3
B. 432 m3
C. 864 m3
D. 1,728 m3

11. Two triangular prisms show have bases with the

8. Raymond needs to cover the entire surface are of
same area.
this square-based pyramid with paper.

What is the minimum amount of paper he will need? The Volume of prism N can be found by multiplying
A. 276 sq ft the volume of prism M by what scale factor?
1
B. 408 sq ft A.
5
C. 528 sq ft B. 3
D. 672 sq ft C. 5
D. 8
 TRANSFORMATIONS

HINTS & NOTES

 A transformation is a change in the position, shape, or size of a figure.
o The original figure you start with is called a pre-image.
o The figure you end with is called the image.

 There are 4 types of transformations:

o Rotations are transformations that turn a figure about a fixed point called the center of rotation.
The angle of rotation is the number of degrees the figure rotates.
o Reflections are transformations that flip a figure over a line. This line is called the line of
reflection.
o Translations are transformations that move each point of a figure the same distance in the same
direction.
o Dilations are transformations that create similar figures of larger or smaller sizes. The ratio of the
pre-image and the image is called the scale factor.
 A dilation with a scale factor greater than 1 is called an enlargement.
 A dilation with a scale factor less than 1 is called a reduction.

PRACTICE
1. Which grid shows only a translation of the shaded 3. Dwight drew a line segment on a coordinate grid.
polygon to create the unshaded polygon? He plans to reflect the line segment over the y-axis.
Graph the new line segment.

2. One piece of stained glass is transformed three 4. A figure was rotated 180⁰ clockwise about the
times. origin.

What transformation was used to create this section

of stained glass window?
A. Translation Which is most likely the new figure?
B. Reflection
C. Rotation
D. Dilation

A. B. C.
 TRANSFORMATIONS CONTINUED….

PRACTICE
5. What are the new coordinates of point B after 7. What type of transformation has occurred?
∆𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 is translated 2 units down and 3 units to the
left?

A. Dilation
B. Rotation
C. Reflection
D. Translation

8. What type of transformation has occurred?

6. Dilate the pre-image using a scale factor of 3.
Draw the new image.

A. Translation
B. Reflection across the y-axis
C. Reflection across the x-axis
D. Rotation 90⁰ clockwise around the origin

9. Look at the transformation of polygon A to polygon

A’. Polygon A was rotated counterclockwise how
many degrees?
 PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

HINTS & NOTES

 Pythagorean Theorem: leg2 + leg2 = hypotenuse2
 Can only be applied to right triangles.
 The hypotenuse of a right triangle is always opposite the right angle.
 The longest side of a right triangle is always the hypotenuse. The legs
of a right triangle are always adjacent (next to) the right angle; they
form the right angle.
 Three numbers will form a right triangle if 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑐𝑐 2 and c is the
biggest number.

PRACTICE
1. Which group of three side lengths could form a 4. For the rectangle shown, which equation can be
right triangle? used to find the value of x?
A. 5 ft, 12 ft, 13 ft A. (𝑥𝑥 + 5)2 = 122
B. 7 ft, 11 ft, 14 ft B. 52 + 𝑥𝑥 2 = 122
C. 15 ft, 20 ft, 22 ft C. 52 + 122 = 𝑥𝑥 2
D. 18 ft, 34 ft, 39 ft D. 5 + 12 = 𝑥𝑥 2

2. Which of the following equations is represented

by the figure? 5. A wire connects to the top of a flagpole to the
ground as shown.

A. 32 + 42 = 72 Which is the closest to the height, h, of the flagpole?

B. 32 + 42 = 52 A. 3.2 m
C. 32 + 52 = 82 B. 5.0 m
D. 42 + 52 = 92 C. 8.7 m
D. 11.2 m
3. These triangles are not drawn to scale. Which
triangle is a right triangle? 6. Mr. Malone plans to construct a walkway through
his rectangular garden, as shown in the drawing.

A. C.

What is the closest value of w?

B. D.
A. 22 ft B. 21 ft C. 15 ft D. 11 ft
 AREA & PERIMETER OF COMPOUND SHAPES

HINTS & NOTES

 Perimeter of a polygon is the distance around the figure.
 The area of any composite figure is based upon knowing how to find the area of the composite parts such
as triangles and rectangles.
 An estimate of the area of a composite figure can be made by subdividing the polygon into triangles,
rectangles, squares, trapezoids and semicircles, estimating their areas, and adding the areas together.
 Remember to use your formula sheet if you don’t remember the area and perimeter formulas!

PRACTICE
1. What is the area of this polygon? 4. Calculate the area and perimeter of the following
shape.

A. 77 sq cm
B. 86 sq cm
C. 96 sq cm 5. Find the area of the shaded region.
D. 108 sq cm

2. This figure is formed by a square and an isosceles

trapezoid.
What is the perimeter of
this figure?
A. 19 in.
B. 34 in.
C. 39 in.
D. 44 in.

3. The net of square-based pyramid is shown.

6. Spotsylvania County has to pay for maintenance on
the football field. They need to replant sod, which
costs $3.50 per meter squared. How much will it cost
to sod the field?

What is the area of this net?

What is the perimeter of this net?

 SCATTERPLOTS- ASSOCIATION, CORRELATION AND PREDICTIONS

HINTS & NOTES

 Scatterplots: two related sets of data are graphed as points to display correlations (trends).
Positive Trend Negative Trend No Trend

PRACTICE
1. The hourly wages of the 25 employees at a 3. The graph shows the number of text messages two
restaurant are shown. students sent each day for 4 days.

Based on the graph, what is the mean hourly wage of

the 25 employees at this restaurant? Based on the graph, which statement is true?
A. $11.75 B. $9.36 C. $9.00 D. $8.56 A. On Day 2 and Day 3, the total number of text
messages sent by Paul was 4 more than the
total number of text messages sent by Kala.
2. The graph shows Anna’s height on each of her last B. The total number of text messages sent by Kala
five birthdays. was the same as the total number sent by Paul
for these four days.
C. The mean number of text messages Kala sent
on Day 2 and Day 4 was exactly 4.5.
D. Kala sent fewer text messages than Paul on
Day 3 and Day 4 combined.

4. The circle graph displays the items sold at the

football concession stand. The concession stand sold
a total of 450 items. How many more nachos were
purchased than popcorn?

Based on the graph, between which two consecutive

years was the increase in Anna’s height the greatest?
A. Between 8 and 9 years
B. Between 9 and 10 years
C. Between 10 and 11 years
D. Between 11 and 12 years
 SCATTERPLOTS CONTINUED…

PRACTICE

5. The scatterplot shows the relationship between 7. The following scatterplot shows the scores several
Marvin’s age and the time it took him to run a mile. students received in math and music classes last
semester.

Which statement best describes the relationship

between Marvin’s age and the time it takes him to Which statement best describes the relationship in
run a mile? the scatterplot?
A. As Marvin’s age increased, the time it took him A. As the math score decreases, the music score
to run a mile increased. increases.
B. As Marvin’s age increased, the time it took him B. As the math score increases, the music score
to run a mile decreased. decreases.
C. As Marvin’s age increased, the time it took him C. As the math score decreases, the music score
to run a mile remains constant. does not change.
D. There is no relationship between Marvin’s age D. As the math score increases, the music score
and the time it took him to run a mile. increases.

6. Mr. Robert took a survey of his sixth period class 8. Which of these best describes the correlation of
to determine what breeds of dogs the students have data shown on this scatterplot?
as pets. The results are shown in this graph.

What percentage of the dogs owned by Mr. Robert’s

class are a beagle or a terrier?
A. Constant correlation
B. Negative correlation
C. Positive correlation
D. No correlation
 Multiple Representations of Linear relationships

HINTS & NOTES

 You can represent relationships in several ways.
o Manipulatives
o Pictures
o Tables
o Graphs
o Rules
 Remember when you are graphing ordered pairs, you move left or right on the x-axis first,
then up or down on the y-axis.
 Test taking strategies:
 If you have to match a table to an equation, substitute the x and y values until you make a
match.
 If you have to match a table to a graph, be sure to check all ordered pairs you are given.
 If you have to match an equation to a graph, create a table of at least 3 x-values, substitute
them in to get the y-values, then match your ordered pairs to the correct graph.
 If you have to match a graph to an equation, make a list of the ordered pairs from each
graph then substitute them into the equation until you find a match.

PRACTICE
1. Which best represents 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏? 3. Which of these equations represents the table of
values?

E. 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥
F. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 7
G. 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 3
H. 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 6

4. Margaret has $200 in her savings account. She will

deposit $50 into this account each week and will
make no withdrawals. Which table represents this
situation, excluding interest?

2. Which table contains only points that lie on the

𝟐𝟐
line represented by 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟔𝟔?
𝟑𝟑
 Solve Multi-Step Equations using inverse operations

HINTS & NOTES

 Remember to solve equations or inequalities you MUST maintain balance (what you do to one side of the
equation has to be done to the other side of the equation).
 Don’t forget to FLIP the inequality sign if you multiply or divide by a negative when solving inequalities.
 Inverse Operations:
o Addition and Subtraction
o Multiplication and Division
 Don’t forget your integer operation rules. Use your calculator to check your work!
 Test taking strategy: If all else fails, PLUG And CHUG, substitute each answer choice into the equation
until you find the one that works!
Graphing Inequalities
 The symbols: The dots:
o <  is less than o <  open dot / circle
o >  is greater than o >  open dot / circle
o ≤  is less than or equal to o ≤  closed dot
o ≥  is greater than or equal to o ≥  closed dot
 Shade the part of the number line that contains the numbers that make the inequality true. Pick a
number and check it in the inequality…if it’s a true statement, shade it!; if it’s not true, shade the other
side.
Properties
 Distributive Property
 Identity Properties
 Inverse Properties

PRACTICE
1. What is the solution of this equation? 4. Which graph best represents the solution to
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝟔𝟔 𝟕𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
≥ 𝒙𝒙 + ?
3 𝟖𝟖 𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐
C. − C. 1
2
3
D. −1 D.
2

2. What value of x makes this equation true?

𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝟖𝟖 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔

C. 36 C. 16
D. 17 D. 9

𝒏𝒏+𝟒𝟒
3. What is the solution to − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏?
𝟐𝟐

C. n = 4 C. n = 16
D. n = 14 D. n = 28
 Solving Multi-Step Equations
Continued…

PRACTICE
5. What is the solution to this inequality? 9. The first six steps used to solve an equation are
𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 ≥ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 + 𝟒𝟒 shown.
A. −3 ≥ 𝑥𝑥
B. −3 ≤ 𝑥𝑥
C. 7 ≥ 𝑥𝑥
D. 7 ≤ 𝑥𝑥

6. Solve this inequality for x. Between which two steps does the zero property of
𝒙𝒙 multiplication justify the work?
𝟐𝟐 < + 𝟓𝟓
𝟒𝟒 A. Steps 2 and 3
B. Steps 3 and 4
C. Steps 4 and 5
D. Steps 5 and 6

10. Eric solved the equation 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 as shown.

7. Identify each equation that illustrates the
commutative property of multiplication.

What property justifies Eric’s work from Step 2 to Step

3?

11. Which is one value of the set of x that makes the

following true?
8. Martha wrote the first step in solving an equation. −𝟔𝟔 > −4𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
A. -21
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + (𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 B. -5
Step 1: (𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + 𝒙𝒙) + 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 C. -10
D. -21
Which property justifies this step?
A. Associative property of multiplication
B. Commutative property of addition
C. Associative property of addition
D. Distributive property
 Graph Linear Equations
HINTS & NOTES
 Testing strategies:
o If given a table with coordinates to match with a graph, draw a graph on scratch paper and plot
the points and then choose the graph that matches!
o If given a graph and asked to choose a table that matches, write down all the points in the graph
and then choose the table that matches!

PRACTICE
1. Which line appears to contain both ordered pairs 3. Which graph appears to contain all the ordered
shown in this table? pairs in this relation?

2. Which line appears to be a graph of the equation 4. Alana is creating a table of values to graph the
shown? equation 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝟗𝟗.
𝒚𝒚 = −𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏
What is the missing y-value?
A. -5
B. -1
C. 1
D. 5

5. Using the graph of the line, fill in the missing values

in each ordered pair in the table: -6, -2, 0, 2, 4
 Domain and Range, independent variable, or dependent variable in a given
situation.
HINTS & NOTES
 Domain: All the VALUES of x, or the independent variable.
 Range: All the VALUES of y, or the dependent variable.
 Independent Variable: “I Change”; usually associated with the x-axis.
 Dependent Variable: This depends on the independent variable; usually associated with the y-axis.

PRACTICE

1. What is the range of this relation? 5. What is the range of 𝒚𝒚 = −𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏 for the domain
of {2, 8}?

A. {1, 2, 4, 6}
B. {1, 2, 4, 5}
C. {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}
D. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
6. Determine the independent and dependent
variable in each situation.
a) Sarah has hired a contractor to replace the
2. What is the greatest value in the range of 𝒚𝒚 = windows in her house. The more people that
−𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝟑𝟑 for the domain {-2, 0, 1, 3}? work, the less time it takes to install the
A. 3 windows.
B. 8
C. 13
D. 18

3. Which relation has a domain of {3, 5, 8}? b) Leon sells ice cream cones in the park. He has
A. {(5, 1), (3, 4), (8, 2), (3, 3)} observed that when the outside temperature
B. {(3, 2), (5, 1), (8, 3), (1, 4)} exceeds ninety degrees, he sells more ice
C. {(2, 8), (1, 3), (3, 5)} cream cones.
D. {(3, 8), (5, 3), (3, 5)}

4. What are the domain and range of this function?

7. A team from the Department of Public Works is

painting lines on the freeway. The number of hours
needed to finish the project depends on the length of
the road that needs to be lined.

h = the number of hours needed

r = the length of the road

Which is the independent variable?