2.

Define Leadership
Leadership means taking a company and its employees in a direction based upon a vision.
Leaders see the big picture and never lose sight of their goal. Good leaders manage others
by inspiring them. In today’s world, true leaders know their business and the capabilities of
their employees, analyze current trends, and steer their business on the right course. Some
people who are managers are not leaders. They may focus on specific tasks to make sure
work gets done, but they may not be visionaries or inspire others. Leaders also make sure
that the basic operations of an organization are running smoothly. That could involve
making sure office duties get done; handling records management; and planning,
organizing, and running meetings.

Leadership berarti membawa sebuah perusahaan dan pegawainya di suatu jalan

berdasarkan visi. Pemimpin melihat gambaran besar dan tidak pernah kehilangan focus dari
tujuannya. Pemimpin yang baik mengatur yang lain dengan menginspirasi mereka.
Pemimpin sejati tahu bisnis mereka dan kemampuan para karyawan, menganalisis tren
terbaru, dan memwaba bisnis mereka kea rah yang benar. Beberaoa orang yang merupakan
manager bukanlah pemimpin. Mereka focus pada tugas khusus, memeriksa pekerjaan
terselesaikan, tetapi mereka bisa jadi tidak visioner untuk menginspirasi yang lainnya.
Pemimpin juga harus memastikan operasi dasar sebuah organisasi berjalan lancer. Itu bisa
termasuk memastikan kerjaan kantor selesai, memegang laporan manajemen dan
perencaraan, pengatur dan menjalankan rapat.

3. Describe the qualities of leadership

Motivation
Motivation has three different components. One involvesinspiring others. Good leadershave
the ability to motivate others to meet goals. Some do this by inspiring them with their
energy, enthusiasm, and charisma as well as their personal efforts.
Another component is initiative. Initiative is the ability to act and make decisions without
the help or advice of others. People with initiative do not wait to be told what to do.
Initiative is an important quality of entrepreneurs and good leaders. Generally, it involves
taking risks. Most important, motivation means having a goal. A true leader is motivated by
a vision and uses it to inspire others.

Motivasi terdiri dari 3 komponen berbeda. 1. Menginspirasi orang lain. Pemimpin yang baik
memiliki kemampuan untuk memotivasi yang lainnya untuk mencapai tuujuan. Beberapa
melakukan ini dengan energy, antusias, dan karismanya. 2. Inisiatif. Inisiatif adalah
kemampuan mengambil keputusan tanpa bantuan atau nasihat orang lain. Seseorang
dengan inisiatif tidak menunggu untuk diberi tahu apa yang harus dilakukan. Secara umum,
itu termasuk mengambil resiko. Yang paling penting, motivasi berarti memiliki tujuan.
Pemimpin sejati termotivasi oleh leader dan menggunakannya untuk menginspirasi orang
lain.
Confidence
Being self-confi dent means knowing what to do and taking action. Self-assurance makes
others feel confident in their leader’s abilities. The more others are
Convinced that their leader knows what to do, the more confidence they will have in him or
her. You could get advice from your workers, but you need to make the fi nal decision. If
your decision turns out to be wrong, you must take responsibility for
it. People have confi dence in a leader who is willing to make decisions and learn from them.

Percaya diri
Menjadi percaya diri berarti tahu apa yang akan dilakukan dan melakukannya. Kepercayaan
kpd diri sendiri membuat orang lain merasa percaya kpd kemampuan pemimpinnya.
Communication Skills
A leader must be good at human relations. Human relations is the study of how people
interact in the workplace and how communication can be improved. To deal with some
human relations problems, leaders have to apply conflict resolution techniques. Good
communication also involves mentoring. A mentor is a trusted counselor or guide. Mentors
usually have more experience than the people they counsel. They should also be good
listeners. Leaders need to listen to people to be informed about What they are doing, and
what their strengths and weaknesses are. As mentors, leaders can better understand
employees and their needs. This is especially important when working with teams and trying
to increase productivity. Leaders must also communicate the types of behavior that are
considered acceptable at the organization.

Kemampuan berkomunikasi
HR adalah studi bagaimana orang2 berinteraksi di tempat kerja dan bgmn komunikasi dapat
berkembang.
Mentor adalah konselor terpercaya. Biasanya punya pengalaman lebih dari orang yang
mereka beri nasiha/saran.
Integrity
Integrity is an adherence to a code of ethical values such as honesty, loyalty, and fairness.
Integrity is the most highly valued quality in a leader. Leaders need to set a good example
and follow standards. If they are willing to sacrifice the quality of their Product to make a
bigger profit, people are not going to have much faith in their vision.

Integritas adalah ketaatan kpd nilai/kode etik spt kejujuran, kesetiaan, dan keadilan.
Integritas adalah kualitas yg paling berharga dalam seorang pemimpin. Pemimpin harus
menjadi contoh yang baik.

4. Name at least three ways in which an individual can develop leadership skills.
• through reading books, watching videos, and taking courses on leadership.
• by working with someone who has leadership ability and studying what he or she does.
• by joining a club, a team, a drama group, or a community organization.
• by taking initiative at school, at work, or in club activities.

-membaca buku, menonton video, mengikuti kursus kepemimpinan.

-bekerja dengan seseorang yang memiliki kemampuan memimpin & mempelajari apa yang
dia lakukan
-bergabung dengan klub, tim, kelompok, komunitas organisasi.
-mengambil inisiatif di sekolah, tempat kerja, atau kegiatan klub.
5. Identify and describe the autocratic, democratic, and free-rein leadership styles
Autocratic Leadership
An autocratic leadership style is one in which one person runs everything and makes all
decisions without consulting others. When autocratic leaders give orders, they expect them
to be obeyed without question. Autocratic leaders assume others must have decisions made
for them and that workers have to be watched all the time. A major problem that autocratic
leaders face is that many people do not like to work for them. Autocratic leadership is useful
in situations in which it is important to obey orders without question. Firefi ghters, combat
troops, and police offi cers have autocratic leadership.

Kepemimpinan Otokratik
Satu orang menjalankan semuanya, dan mengambil seluruh keputusan tanpa berkonsultasi
dengan yang lain. Leader memberi perintah, harus dituruti tanpa pertanyaan.
Leader berasumsi yg lain harus punya keputusan & pekerjaan diawasi sepanjang waktu.
Major problem, banyak orang tidak suka bekerja untuk mereka.
Democratic Leadership
Democratic leadership is a style in which managers work with employees to make decisions.
Everyone meets, discusses a situation, and listens to each other’s opinions. New ideas are
encouraged in such workplace environments. Democratic leaders still make the final
decisions, but they might explain their reasons for making them. A democratic leader
assumes that people have ideas and are inclined to contribute.

Kepemimpinan demokratis
Manager bekerja dg pegawai u/ mengambil keputusan. Semua orang bertemu, berdiskusi,
mendengarkan opini satu sama lain. Ide baru didukung di lingkungan kerja spt ini. Pemimpin
tetap mengambil keputusan final, tetapi menjelaskan alasan untuk keputusan itu. Pemimpin
berasusi orang2 punya ide dan punya kecenderungan untuk berkontribusi.

Free-Rein Leadership
Free-rein leadership requires the leader to set goals for managers and employees and then
leave them alone to get the job done. This style places the most trust and confidence in
workers. Another name for this type of leadership style is hands-off leadership.
Free-rein leaders deal with broader decision making. They have to be available to answer
questions and resolve problems. Giving managers and employees the power to run things
and make decisions is called delegating. There are several reasons for a leader to delegate:
• The managers do not have time to do everything.
• The managers can focus on more important work.
• Employees have more ownership of the production process.
• Employees have a chance to develop their own potential.
Membutuhkan pemimpin untuk menetapkan tujuan bagi manajer dan karyawan lalu
membiarkan mereka untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaannya. Style ini menempatkan
kepercayaan diri para pekerja. Nama lainnya hands-off leadership.
Leaders terlibat dengan pengambilan keputusan yang lebih luas. Mereka harus bisa
menjawab pertanyan dan menyelesaikan masalah. Memberikan manajer dan pegawai
kekuatan untuk menjalankan pekerjaan dan mengambil keputusan disebut delegating. Ada
beberapa alasan utk leader untuk mendelegasikan :
-manajer tidak punya waktu untuk menjalankan semuanya
-manajger berfokus untuk pekerjaan yg lebih penting
-pegawai punya lebih banyak kepemilikan dlm proses produksi.
-pegawai punya kesempatan untuk mengembangkan potensi mereka sendiri.
6. Describe the self-managed team approach and the two ways in which such an
approach is organized.
Self-managed teams are work groups that supervise themselves. With these teams, the
manager’s role is replaced by the team leader’s role.
Self-Managed Teams
The use of the self-managed team approach started in Japan and came to the United States
in the l980s. U.S. companies had emphasized people working as individuals on separate
jobs. Japanese companies had stressed people working in teams and making decisions as a
group. The Japanese method was such a success that American companies also started
using it. In a self-managed team, the leader is a team player rather than a boss. A team
leader makes decisions with the team rather than alone. This person learns a range of jobs
instead of just one. The team usually works on a single project, such as designing a video
game. This way the project is more goal- oriented rather than task-oriented.

Tim yang dikelola sendiri mengawasi diri mereka sendiri. Dengan tim ini, peran manajer
digantikan pemimpin tim.
Dalam self managed team, pemimpin adalah seperti pemain tim daripada boss. Tim leader
mengambil keputusan bersama2 timnya. Tim biasaya mengerjakan projek tunggal.
Lebih kpd goal daripada task oriented.

The Organization of Self-Managed Teams

Self-managed teams are organized in two ways: (1) the team selects one team leader, or (2)
each team member employs specialized skills, but there is no team leader. The first type of
self-managed team appoints a team leader. A team leader is not so much a manager as a
team captain. If you are a team leader, your job is not to give orders but to motivate your
team and get the members to work toward a shared goal. Team members usually evaluate
each other’s performance. The theory behind self-managed teams is that the whole is
greater than the sum of its parts. Self-managed teams have many
advantages:
• They are more goal-oriented than task-oriented.
• Team members have a chance to learn each other’s job and obtain new skills.
• Team members learn to participate and cooperate.
• Self-managed teams learn to solve their own problems. The disadvantage of self-managed
teams is that some people do not have the skills and initiative to work together
productively.
Self managed teams diatur dg du acara. 1. Tim memilih seorang pemimpin. 2. Setiap
member dlm tim menampilkan kemampuan mereka, tetapi tidak ada pemimpin kelompok.
Tipe pertama ada team leader. Tugasnya bukan memberi perintah kpd yang lain, tapi
memotivasi tim dan memastikan member bekerja u/ mencapai tujuan. Tim member
biasanya mengevaliasi kerja satu sama lain. Teori dibalik self managed teams memiliki
banyak keuntungan.
-lebih goals oriented drpd task oriented
-anggota tim punya kesempatan mempelajari pekerjaan satu sama lain dan mempelajari
keahlian baru
-anggota tim belajar bagaimana berpartisipasi dan bekerja sama.
-belajar menyelesaikan masalah sendiri.

Kerugian s.m.t bbrp orang tidak punya kemampuan dan inisiatif u/ bekerja sama dg
produktif