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30th EMC SUDDEN QUIZ SOLUTIONS

The document contains solutions to 10 math problems. Problem 1 solves a division problem to get a remainder of 4. Problem 2 calculates the probability that 2 boys will be separated by at most 2 girls when seated randomly as 8/15. Problem 3 finds the least three-digit number that satisfies a given equation as 397.

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Kenneth Rodriguez Herminado
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83 views8 pages

30th EMC SUDDEN QUIZ SOLUTIONS

The document contains solutions to 10 math problems. Problem 1 solves a division problem to get a remainder of 4. Problem 2 calculates the probability that 2 boys will be separated by at most 2 girls when seated randomly as 8/15. Problem 3 finds the least three-digit number that satisfies a given equation as 397.

Uploaded by

Kenneth Rodriguez Herminado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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30th EMC SUDDEN QUIZ SOLUTIONS

Question 1:

What is the remainder when 1698 is divided by 21?

SOLUTION:

Note that 162 ≡ 4(mod 21)

(16¿¿ 2)3 ¿ ≡ 4 3(mod 21)

166 ≡ 1(mod 21)

(16¿¿ 6)16 ¿ ≡ 1(mod 21)

Thus (16¿¿ 6)16 ¿ * 162 ≡ 1(mod 21) * 4(mod 21)

(16¿¿ 6)16 ¿ * 162 ≡ 4(mod 21)

1698 ≡ 4(mod 21)

Therefore the remainder is 4.

Question 2:

8 girls and 2 boys sit in a straight row of chairs. What is the probability that the 2 boys will be separated
by at most 2 girls?

SOLUTION:

Case 1: No girl is between the 2 boys

We should have a block BB (Boy-Boy). If we treat this block as one so we have 9!. Also we will count the
arrangement of the block = 2!

TOTAL: 9!*2!

Case 2: 1 girl is between the 2 boys

We should have a block BGB. If we treat this block as one so we have 8!. From that, we will choose 1 girl
8
from 8 girls = 1 P. Also we will consider the arrangement of the boys = 2!
8
TOTAL: 8!*2!*1 P

Case 3: 2 girls are between the 2 boys


We should have a block BGGB. If we treat this block as one so we have 7!. From that, we will choose 2
8
girls from 8 girls = 2 P. Also we will consider the arrangement of the boys = 2!
8
TOTAL: 7!*2!*2 P

9 !∗2! 8 !∗2!∗81 P 7 !∗2!∗82 P 8


Probablity = + + =
10! 10! 10! 15

Question 3:

Find the least three-digit number that is equal to the sum of its digits plus
twice the product of its digits.

SOLUTION:

Let N = 100x + 10y + z be the three digit number

100x + 10y + z = x + y + z + 2xyz

99x + 9y = 2xyz

99 x+ 9 y
=z
2 xy

To minimize N, let x = 1

99+9 y
=z
2y

99+9 y
Note that is decreasing for y = 9
2y

99+91
is approximately 10
18

Thus z cannot be a one digit number

Let x = 2

192+ 9 y
=z
4y

For y = 9

192+ 9 y
=z
4y
273
= z which is approximately 9 but not 9 thus z cannot be a one digit number
36

For x = 3

297+9 y
which z will satisfy. By systematic trial and error, N = 397
6y

Question 4:

Find a polynomial equation wherein it's coefficients are integers and it's degree is at minimum such that x
=5+ √3 6
SOLUTION:

X–5= √3 6
( x−5)3 = 6

x 3 - 15 x 2 + 75x – 125 = 6

x 3 - 15 x 2 + 75x – 131 = 0

Therefore we have x 3 - 15 x 2 + 75x – 131 = 0 as the equation.

Question 5:

Let f: N -> N be a function such that

(i) f(2) = 2
(ii) f(mn) = f(m)*f(n) for all m,n natural numbers
(iii) if m, n are natural numbers with m< n, then f(m) < f(n)

find f(1) and f(3)

SOLUTION:

Let m = n = 2

f(2*2) = f(2)*f(2) = 4

f(4) = 4
since f(m) and f(n) are natural numbers (also m and n)

f(2) < f(3) < f(4) by (iii) condition

2 < f(3) < 4

Therefore by (iii) condition

f(3) = 3

This time let m = n = 1

f(1) = [f (1)]2

f(1) [f(1) – 1] = 0

f(1) = 0, 1 but f(1) should be a natural number

thus f(1) = 1 only

Question 6:

The base of a triangle is 15. Two line segments are draw parallel to the base, intersecting the other two
sides and dividing the triangle into three closed regions of equal areas. Find the lengths of these two
parallel segments.

SOLUTION: (Recommended to draw the figure)

Let ABC be the triangle and PQ is parallel to BC (P is on AB and Q is on AC) and MN is also parallel to BC
but above PQ (M is on AB and N is on AC).

If [ANM] = [MNQP] = [PQCB]

Thus [AQP]: [ABC] = 1:3 from that we should have

MN: BC = 1:√ 3. If BC = 15 thus MN = 5√ 3

From the equality above:

[AQP]: [ABC] = 2:3 from that we should have

PQ: AB = √ 2:√ 3 thus PQ = 5√ 6

Therefore, the parallel lines have length 5√ 3 and 5 √ 6.


Question 7:

Find all natural number n such that (8n + 5)/(15n + 8) is reducible.

Let gcd((8n + 5), (15n + 8)) = a

Thus a|(8n + 5) and a|(15n + 8)

First a|(8n + 5)

Note that a|15*(8n + 5) = a|(120n + 75) ----eq(1)

Second a|(15n + 8)

Note that a|8*(15n + 8) = a|(120n + 64) ----eq(2)

Thus eq(1) – eq(2):

a|11

therefore 8n + 5 = 11k for any natural number k

thus n = 9 + 11k (Use of Diophantine and systematic trial and error)

Question 8:

Find the number of nonnegative integer solutions of the equation:

5a + b + c + d = 14

SOLUTION

Case 1: if a = 0 then

b + c + d = 14

thus we have C(16, 14) = 120

Case 2: If a = 1 then the given equation becomes

b+c+d=9

thus we have C(11, 9) = 55

Case 3: If a = 2 then the given equation becomes

b+c+d=4

thus we have C(6, 4) = 15

Therefore integer solutions = 120 + 55 + 15 = 190


Lemma:

If x1 + x2 + … + xn = r, then the number of nonnegative integer solution of this one is C(r + n – 1, r).
(TO BE PROVEN..I WILL PRESENT THE PROOF ON THIS ONE)

Question 9:

A man launches his boat from point A on a bank of a straight river, 3 km wide and wants to reach point B
8km downstream on the opposite bank, as quickly as possible. He could row his boat directly across the
river to point C and then run to B or he could row directly to B or he could row to some point D between
C and B and then run to B. If he coulf row 6km/h and run 8km/h, where should he land to reach B as
soon as possible. (The speed of water is negligable)

SOLUTION:

Let x be the distance from C to D, then the running distance DB = 8 – x. By Pythagorean Theorem gives
distance
the rowing distance as AD = √ x 2+ 9. Note that time = rate

Then the rowing time =


√ x 2 +9 . and running time = 8−z , so the total time T as a function of x is
6 8

T(x) =
√ x 2 +9 . + 8−z with domain [0, 8]
6 8

x. 1
T’(x) = 2 -
6 √ x +9 8

Since x ≥ 0 we have T’(x) = 0

x. 1
2 - =0
6 √ x +9 8

4x = 3 √ x2 +9

7 x 2 = 81

9 9
x= note that this is the minimum since T(0) and T(8) are larger that T( )
√7 √7
9
Therefore he should be km from C
√7

Question 10

A water tank has shape of an inverted circular cone with base radius = 2m and height = 4m. If the water
is being pumped into the tank at a rate of 2m^3/min find the rate at which the water level is rising when
the water is 3m deep in m/min.

SOLUTION:

dV dh
Given = 2 and we are asked to find when h = 3
dt dt

1 2
V= πr h
3
r 2 h
Using similarities, = => r =
h 4 2

The expression for V becomes

1 h 2 π 3
V= π( ) h = h
3 2 12

Now we can differentiate each side with respect to t:

dV π 2 dh dh 4 dV
= h thus =
dt 4 dt dt π h 2 dt

dV
Substituting h = 3 and =2we have
dt

dh 4 8
= *2 =
dt π (3)2 9π

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