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Hektoen Enteric Agar (HEA) : S Indicator: Ferric Ammonium Citrate (Producing Black Precipitate Due

Hektoen Enteric Agar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, and Salmonella-Shigella Agar are selective and differential media used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella species from stool specimens. Each medium contains specific compounds to inhibit unwanted bacteria, indicate metabolic reactions, and allow colonies of Salmonella, Shigella, and other enteric bacteria to appear in distinct colors or morphologies. Serotyping uses antibodies to identify specific Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli strains based on their cell surface antigen composition.

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307 views3 pages

Hektoen Enteric Agar (HEA) : S Indicator: Ferric Ammonium Citrate (Producing Black Precipitate Due

Hektoen Enteric Agar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, and Salmonella-Shigella Agar are selective and differential media used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella species from stool specimens. Each medium contains specific compounds to inhibit unwanted bacteria, indicate metabolic reactions, and allow colonies of Salmonella, Shigella, and other enteric bacteria to appear in distinct colors or morphologies. Serotyping uses antibodies to identify specific Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli strains based on their cell surface antigen composition.

Uploaded by

guerlain sagun
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Hektoen Enteric Agar (HEA)

 Contains bile salt, bromthymol blue, salicin, lactose, and sucrose.


 Selective due to bile salt and bromthymol blue
 Differential part: due to salicin, lactose, and sucrose in order to
determine the fermentation process/patterns.
 Bile salt and dye inhibit the growth of other Gram-negative bacilli to
promote the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella.
 pH indicator (and inhibitor): bromthymol blue
 H2S indicator: ferric ammonium citrate (producing black precipitate due
to ferric and hydrogen sulfide reaction)
 Lactose-fermenting: yellow colonies (with black center for C. fleundii)
 Non-lactose-fermenting: blue-green colonies (green with black center for Proteus)
 Non-enteric pathogens: orange to pinkish-orange colonies

Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar


 Useful for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from heavily
contaminated specimens (e.g. stool).
 Contains lactose, sucrose, xylose, lysine, and sodium deoxycholate.
 pH indicator: phenol red
 H2S indicator: Sodium thiosulfate (as sulfide source) and ferric ammonium
sulfate (as iron source) creating a black precipitate as a production of
hydrogen sulfide.
 Shigella- pink to red colonies
 Salmonella- pink to red colonies with black centers.
 Other enterobacteria- yellow (E. Coli) to red colonies

Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) or Levine Medium


 Contains eosin Y, methylene blue, lactose, and sucrose.
 pH indicator: eosin and methylene blue, particular indicator for E. coli
 E. coli- exhibits green metallic sheen; other LF exhibit purple color.
 NLF: colorless colonies
 Other coliforms- pink colonies

Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA)


 Differentiates Salmonella and Shigella spp. from other enteric bacteria.
 Bile salts and brilliant green dye inhibit Gram positive and some LF found
in stool specimens.
 SSA is mainly used in differentiating these two, but there are also other
organisms that can grow in SSA such as
 CHO source: lactose
 pH indicator: neutral red
 H2S indicator: sodium thiosulfate and ferric ammonium citrate
 Salmonella- colorless or pink colonies with black centers
 Shigella- colorless or pink colonies without black centers

Serotyping
 Identifies strains (serovars or serotypes) of bacteria that differ in their
antigenic composition (Somatic O, flagellar H, capsular K antigens)
 Commonly tested organism: Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli O157:H7
(Enterohemorrhagic E. coli)
 Preferred medium for testing: 5% Sheep BA
 Uses specific monoclonal antibodies directed against specific antigens
found in the strains and agglutination indicating positive reaction.

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