RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE i

SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
ON CANCEL CULTURE

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School

Rizal Technological University, Pasig City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Senior High School

AUTENCIO, KYLA L.
DELOS SANTOS, PRECIOUS M.
ISON, GENREE L.
SALANDANAN, JESUSA MAY E.
SILERIO, JOHN MICHAEL

December 2020
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture,

prepared and submitted by AUTENCIO, KYLA L., DELOS SANTOS, PRECIOUS M.,
ISON, GENREE L., SALANDANAN, JESUSA MAY E., SILERIO, JOHN MICHAEL
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Senior High School, has been
examined and is hereby recommended for Oral Examination.

_______________ DR. ANTONIO D. ANTONIO

Date Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High School with a
grade of _______________.

DR. KRISTOFFER M. MORADA

Chairman

PROF. AIVIE MAY R. MORADA PROF. JEROMEI FAYE B. ILLUT

Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Senior High
School.

_______________ PROF. ELLA D. ARAGON

Date Principal, SHS
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We, the researchers, would like to extend and express our deepest gratitude

and whole-hearted appreciation to the following individuals for the inspiration,

encouragement and other forms of assistance and support in the completion of the

study. We are grateful for the trust deposited in our work and for the motivation given

along this research. Their support was, without a doubt, crucial in our dedication on

this research on Cancel Culture.

DR. ANTONIO D. ANTONIO, our Research Adviser, for his patience and for

giving us assistance, comments and suggestions for the improvement of the study,

especially with the data for our hypothesis testing;

PROF. JEROMEI FAE B. ILLUT, our Class Adviser and also a member in the

panel of examiners, for her unending support and encouragement throughout the

study, especially for her best efforts to motivate us;

PROF. AIVIE MAY R. MORADA, our professor in certain subjects and also a

member in the panel of examiners in this research, who checks on us from time to

time and for her encouragement and support;

DR. KRISTOFFER M. MORADA, the Senior High School Vice Principal and

the Chairman of the panel of examiners as well;

MS. JOANNA E. SALANDANAN, for accommodating our inquiries and for

assisting us with our study and for her useful reminders that strengthened our study

that undoubtedly helped us in the fulfillment of this research;

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE iv

To our FAMILY AND FRIENDS, for the consistent support and motivation that

we needed the most as we study and especially for helping us spread our Google

Forms survey link to reach as many people that we need to be our respondents;

To the RESPONDENTS, who had been part of this study, for their time and

active cooperation with our online survey to provide us data that we need;

To our fellow classmates from PSHS-02-301, for the camaraderie showed

during the course of this research;

And above all, to ALMIGHTY GOD, who blessed the researchers with the gifts

of wisdom, strength, unconditional love and guidance throughout their hard work in

conducting the study.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE v

ABSTRACT

Predominantly, cancel culture is a socio-cultural phenomenon where the public

calls out some people in social media who are often famous individuals because of

the things that they said or done which are inappropriate, offensive, or unacceptable

behaviour or remarks. In connection, this study set its sight on asserting the socio-

cultural vantage point of senior high school students in consideration to the subject

matter. Moreover, the researchers utilize the descriptive-survey method by

orchestrating an online survey through Google forms in order to congregate the

needed data using a five-point Likert scale to distinguish the views of each participant

in relevance to the subject.

Into the bargain, the sequel of this research unveil that the bulk of the

respondents are female Grade 12 students from the STEM strand and that the

average use of Facebook is 3 hours 1 minute or beyond. Also, the respondents are

undecided with most of the statements that are associated to the nature of the matter.

However, they agree to the articulations regarding of how it affects the socio-cultural

perspectives of people negatively. In addition, they strongly agree to the affirmations

about the subject being a powerful instrument but can be ineffective and that they

embrace different opinions to be nurtured.

Withal, it concludes that there is a momentous distinction between the socio-

cultural perspectives of the respondents with reckon to the nature of the topic when

their gender and used social media apps are considered, and to its personal impacts

when the used social media app is pondered.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE vi

Furthermore, the researchers recommend that if the future researchers are

going to conduct the related topic which is cancel culture, they can go along with the

succeeding directions in order to effectuate better outturn: have a longer duration of

the survey period; use a better and enhanced research instrument; and take time and

do further studies about the topic.

Keywords: Cancel culture and Socio-Cultural Perspectives

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................................................. ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... iii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... vi

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... viii

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xi

CHAPTER

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction ........................................................................................... 1

Conceptual Framework ......................................................................... 2

Statement of the Problem ..................................................................... 3

Hypotheses ........................................................................................... 4

Significance of the study ....................................................................... 4

Scope and Delimitation of the Study ..................................................... 5

Definition of Terms ................................................................................ 5

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

‘Cancel Culture’ Defined ........................................................................ 8

Genesis of Cancel Culture ............................................................... 11

Claims on Cancel Culture ...................................................................... 14

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE viii

Horizon on How all Cultures Cancel ................................................ 15

Censoring of Open Debate and Freedom of Expression ................. 16

How Internet exacerbated Cancel Culture ........................................ 18

Celebrities: easy to target, hard to actually cancel ........................... 23

Cancel Culture on both sides: Right and Left Spectrum ................... 27

Socio-cultural Perspectives of Notable Personalities ….......................... 32

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Method Used ........................................................................ 37

Population Frame and Sampling Scheme ............................................. 37

Description of the Respondents ............................................................ 38

Research Instrument ............................................................................. 38

Data Gathering Procedures .................................................................. 39

Statistical Analysis of Data .................................................................... 39

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Demographic Profile of the Respondents ............................................. 41

Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

as Influenced by its Nature ................................................................... 44

Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

as Influenced by its Personal Impacts .................................................. 50

Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

as Influenced by its Social Impacts ...................................................... 52

Differences in Socio-Cultural Perspectives

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE ix

on Cancel Culture with respect to Gender,

Grade Level, Strand, Average Time of Social
Media Usage, and Social Media App Used........................................... 55

V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings ............................................................................. 84

Conclusions ........................................................................................... 88

Recommendations ................................................................................. 90

REFERENCES ...................................................................................... 92

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Survey Questionnaire …..……………………........................ 98

Appendix B. Survey Questionnaire through Google Forms ...................... 98

Appendix C. Survey Responses in Respondent Profile ............................ 108

Appendix D. Survey Responses in Cancel Culture’s Nature .................... 110

Appendix E. Survey Responses in Cancel Culture’s Personal Impacts.... 110

Appendix F. Survey Responses in Cancel Culture’s Social Impacts…..... 116

CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................. 118

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Respondents According to Gender

Table 2. Respondents According to Grade Level

Table 3. Respondents According to Strand

Table 4. Respondents According to Average Time of Social Media Usage

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE x

Table 5. Respondents According to Used Social Media Apps

Table 6. Obtained Frequency and Weighted Mean of the Respondents’ Socio-

Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as influenced by its Nature

Table 7. Obtained Frequency and Weighted Mean of Socio-Cultural Perspectives on

Cancel Culture and its Personal Impacts to the Respondents

Table 8. Obtained Frequency and Weighted Mean of Socio-Cultural Perspectives on

Cancel Culture as influenced by its Social Impacts to the Respondents

Table 9. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Nature with respect to Gender

Table 10. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Gender

Table 11. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Gender

Table 12. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Nature with respect to Grade Level

Table 13. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Grade Level

Table 14. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Grade Level

Table 15. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Nature with respect to Strand

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE xi

Table 16. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Strand

Table 17. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Strand

Table 18. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Nature with respect to Average Time of Social Media

Usage

Table 19. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Average Time of Social

Media Usage

Table 20. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Average Time of Social

Media Usage

Table 21. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Nature with respect to Used Social Media App

Table 22. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Used Social Media App

Table 23. Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Used Social Media App

Table 24. Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

with respect to Gender

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE xii

Table 25. Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

with respect to Grade Level

Table 26. Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

with respect to Strand

Table 27. Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

with respect to Average Time of Social Media Usage

Table 28. Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

with respect to Used Social Media App

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 2. Left and Right Spectrum

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the introduction, statement of the problem, theoretical

framework, scope and delimitations, significance of the study and definition of terms

that introduces the study to be made.

Introduction

In the Social Media world, there’s this new phenomenon that netizens seem to

perform— that became the most controversial ideas on the internet. The thing with

Cancel culture is that it has no definite meaning to it and it can be seen differently by

people, if one is the victim of the so-called cancellation, they would say that cancel

culture is a dangerous trend that the generation is executing. Other people might think

Cancel Culture is just another way to make a person take accountability for their

actions. According to Marissa Chin from BURO, a purveyor of cancel culture will say

they are doing it for the greater good of society. But the danger in that is they become

the self-appointed gatekeepers of social and moral purity. They decide what is

offensive and what's not, speaking on behalf of the community that is affected—even

if said community doesn't have a problem with it.

Cancel Culture is a form of social and cultural boycott. The goal isn’t restoration

or even analysis; it’s excommunication (Herzog, 2019). “Cancelling” follows a familiar

pattern; A person with a title does or says something offensive. It will result in a public

backlash, often fueled by politically progressive social media, ensues.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 2

Then come the calls to cancel the person — that is, to effectively end their career or

revoke their cultural cachet, through boycotts of their work. With the rise of social

media where everything is documented and scrutinized, acts of racism, colorism,

sexism and others it won’t just be disregarded that easily.

We conducted this study to know how aware today’s generation is of this newly

risen phenomenon called Cancel Culture and to deeply understand people's socio-

cultural perspective to the said happening.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 3

In this study, the researchers will make use of this conceptual framework to firmly

make conceptual distinctions and to organize ideas, as well as to get a comprehensive

understanding from this visual representation of the relationships between the key

concepts to be studied. The framework shows the connection between the

respondents’ age, gender, and average time of social media usage and their socio-

cultural perspectives regarding with the Cancel Culture. It also presents Cancel

Culture’s nature, its effect on our society and culture, and its personal and social

impact towards the respondents. As we can see from the figure above, the influence

of cancel culture among respondents, and the profile of respondents are not directly

related to the ‘Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture.’ This is because those

two are dependent on the Cancel Culture itself, as its outline is where our survey

questionnaire will be based and that will determine the influence of cancel culture

among respondents and the correlation when the profile of respondents are

considered in the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture gathered.

Statement of the Problem

"Cancel Culture." Perhaps it’s a term you’ve never heard before, but it isn’t a new

phenomenon; it’s merely become more popular and easier to spot with the rise of

social media. This research aims to dig deeper on the awareness and opinions of the

respondents regarding the said internet phenomenon. This study will mainly identify

the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture. It will be sought to answer the

following:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following?

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 4

1.1. gender

1.2. grade level

1.3. strand

1.4. average time of social media usage

1.5. used social media app

2. To what extent do Cancel Culture influence the socio-cultural perspectives among

the respondents in terms of:

2.1. its nature

2.2. its personal impact

2.3. its social impact

3. Is there a significant difference in the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture

gathered among the respondents when their profile is considered?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel

culture gathered among the respondents when their profile is considered.

Significance of the Study

The researchers give credence to the findings of this study which mainly focuses

on different socio-cultural perspective on cancel culture will be significant to the

netizens, government, and future researchers. The (a) netizens are the main

characters of cancel culture as they play a big part on how cancel culture affects the

socio-cultural perspective of every one of them. Moreover, this will help them be aware

of the impact of every cancel they do to a certain individual or group.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 5

Thus, they will realize their actions and might rethink about it. Meanwhile, the (b)

government will be enlightened on how their people behaves and why they cancel.

Furthermore, they can take action about these behavior for they will be well aware of

the factors and impacts of it. Lastly, the (c) future researchers will benefit from the

data presented for it may be used as reference data in conducting new research or in

evaluating other related findings. In addition, this will also serve as a background,

guide, or an overview of the different socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study mainly focuses on determining the socio-cultural perspective on cancel

culture of the Senior Highschool students of both Grade 11 and 12 from different

schools and different strands. The respondents are chosen through purposive

sampling. The online survey to be conducted online is Likert five-scale survey which

makes use of google form as its platform.

Definition of Terms

Cancel Culture. A socio-cultural phenomenon where the public calls out some people

in social media (often social influencers, celebrities, and politicians) that said an

inappropriate, offensive, or unacceptable behavior or remarks.

Conservatism. A political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, stressing

established institutions, and preferring gradual development to abrupt change

(Merriam Webster).
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 6

Gen Zs. short for Generation Z, the generation of people born in the late 1990s and

early 2000s

Ideological spectrum. Also known as political spectrum, it refers to the range of

political positions or opinions that exist from the progressive left wing to the

conservative right wing.

Left. In politics, left refers to people and groups that have liberal views.

Liberalism. A political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual,

parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or

economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human

endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties

(Dictionary.com).

Likert Scale. A psychometric scale commonly involved in research that employs

questionnaires. It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey

research (Wikipedia)

Millennials. People that are born in the millennial years ranging from 1980s or 1990s.

Mob mentality. Also called as herd mentality, it describes how humans adopt

behaviors, buy merchandise, and follow trends based on their circle of influence. It

explains how one's point of view can be easily altered by those around them (Inpathy

Bulletin).
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 7

Ostracism. exclusion by general consent from common privileges or social

acceptance or a method of temporary banishment by popular vote without trial or

special accusation practiced in ancient Greece (Vocabulary.com)

Phenomenon. a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one

whose cause or explanation is in question

Populism. any of various, often antiestablishment or anti-intellectual political

movements or philosophies that offer unorthodox solutions or policies and appeal to

the common person rather than according with traditional party or partisan ideologies

(Dictionary.com)

Purposive Sampling. a non-probability sampling technique where researchers would

have one or more specific predefined groups that they are seeking

Right. In politics, right refers to people or groups that have conservative views

Sexist. relating to, involving, or fostering sexism, or attitudes and behavior toward

someone based on the person's gender (Dictionary.com)

Socio-Cultural Perspective. a theory used in fields such as psychology and is used to

describe awareness of circumstances surrounding individuals and how their behaviors

are affected specifically by their surroundings, social and cultural factors

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 8

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes the review of related literature which presents the works of

different authors and researchers which are relevant to the study presented. The

literature review for the present study was organized according to the themes that

emerged from data analysis.

‘Cancel Culture’ Defined

Cancel Culture has been defined differently by many people, especially by

journalists and intellectuals. For example, McDermott (2019) defined it as “a form of

ostracism in which someone is thrust out of social or professional circles – either online

on social media, in the real world, or both.” On the other hand, Merriam-Webster

(2020) defined Cancel Culture as “to stop giving support to that person. The act of

canceling could entail boycotting an actor’s movies or no longer reading or promoting

a writer’s works. The reason for cancellation can vary, but it usually is due to the

person in question having expressed an objectionable opinion, or having conducted

themselves in a way that is unacceptable, so that continuing to patronize that person’s

work leaves a bitter taste.” Meanwhile, Greenspan (2020) defined it as “the

phenomenon of frequent public pile-ons criticizing a person, business, movement, or

idea.”

Cancel Culture can also be defined as the response of an evil individual when

they are shown to be wrong. They will call on their followers to report the social media

accounts of the person or group that did the criticizing rather than discussing the

criticism or showing by evidence where the criticism is incorrect (Urban Dictionary,

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 9

2020). Dictionary.com (2020) on the other hand, described it as “the popular practice

of withdrawing support for (canceling) public figures and companies after they have

done or said something considered objectionable or offensive,” and something that is

“being performed on social media in the form of group shaming.” Cancel Culture is

described to as “publicly shaming people for bad tweets, opinions or past

transgressions, usually” (O'Reilly, 2019).

Even though cancelling someone can also become synonymous with boycotting

and calling out, Bunch (2020) made a distinction between the words “calling out,”

“boycotting,” and “cancelling.” Calling out is “criticizing an individual or organization

publicly, usually on social media. Calling out can be a useful tactic when calling in

fails, or when the problematic individual or company is too powerful or removed from

you (e.g., a celebrity or, say, Netflix) to be called in.” While boycotting was described

as “withholding financial support from a company in order to force change within that

company’s policies or practices. Once demands have been met, support is resumed.”

And cancelling is “a collective attempt at ruining the reputation and livelihood of an

individual or organization in response to a problematic or harmful action or opinion”

(Bunch, 2020). While Mahan (2019) contrasted Call Out Culture and Cancel Culture

by defining the former as “a form of public shaming which occurs on social media

(usually Twitter) that aims to hold people accountable by calling attention to behavior

that is deemed problematic,” while the latter is “a form of boycott in which someone,

typically a celeb, has shared a questionable opinion, or again, has had problematic

behavior called out on social media.”

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 10

Professor Anne H. Hudley, expert of African American culture and linguistics at

the University oof California, Santa Barbara, described Cancel Culture as “the

withdrawal of financial support, political support, social, economic support, often in

pop culture in the form of attention of a particular media star, a political figure, a

business figure, and withdrawing publicly your support in a way that informs other

people that should withdraw their support as well. The second definition, that is

silencing something or somebody, and they overlap, but it's a little bit different because

one is more about withdrawing your attention and the other is actively seeking to stop

someone else from speaking" (Brito, 2020). Meanwhile, Limos (2020) defined

cancelling someone as “to bring to nothingness, to destroy” that “involves boycotting

and online shaming someone or something in order to punish them.” Psychologist

Upthal Dholakia described cancelling as “an individual's volitional act of publicly

rejecting and actively pursuing harm against a perceived transgressor. There are two

parties in every canceling episode: the person who cancels (the canceler) and the

entity — person, group, or organization that is canceled” (Dholakia, 2020). On the

other hand, Mintz (2020) characterized Cancel Culture where “those offended by the

comments of another party become denounced online by those who object to the

behavior,” and defined as “a form of social and cultural boycott driven by “groupthink”

meaning the intolerance of others with a point of view that diverges from group norms.”

Last but not the least, Goldsbrough (2020) said that “to cancel someone is to reject

them, to ignore, to publicly oppose their views or actions and to deprive them of time

and attention – and, sometimes, their ability to make a living.”

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 11

Genesis of Cancel Culture

It is unclear when and where exactly the term “Cancel Culture” emerged

into the public consciousness. But the earliest usage of the word “cancelling” as

pertaining to a person came, ironically, from a misogynistic joke in a 1991 film

New Jack City. In a particular scene, American actor Wesley Snipe’s character

Nino Brown broke up with his girlfriend because she cannot stand the violence he

is causing, by saying “Cancel that b*tch, I’ll buy another one” (Romano, 2020).

Jumping into early 2010s, the culture of calling out celebrities has also its roots

from Tumblr blogs like Your Fave is Problematic where fandoms discuss how their

celebrity idols are imperfect (Greenspan, 2020).

On the other hand, American rapper Lil Wayne referenced Snipe’s quote

from New Jack City in his 2010 song “I’m Single” where in his lyrics, he sang

“Yeah, I’m single / n***a had to cancel that b*tch like Nino.” But the popularity of

the word “cancelled” gained traction when a December 2014 episode of VH1

reality show Love and Hip-Hop: New York was aired, where a cast member Cisco

Rosado told his love interest Diamond Strawberry during a fight, “You’re

cancelled” (Romano, 2020). According to Goldsbrough (2020), since the airing of

that episode, the term “cancelled” became trending among the Black community

in Twitter. For example, Twitter user @jessstar4 said in her tweet “Meg loves

orange. She's cancelled.” While user @scotty2thotty_ tweeted “ima start telling

people "you're canceled, out my face."

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 12

Another is when user @badbyecozette responded to a Buzzfeed UK article about

Ed Sheeran saying that Nicki Minaj’s VMAs race argument is “redundant,” she

said “Ed is canceled and deleted.” User @themochalisa tweeted on September

2015, saying, “Travis Scott is homophobic trash. His music is cancelled... He's

cancelled guys!! If u still like him plz unfollow me” (Romano, 2020).

Although “cancelling” had its earlier roots in popular culture, the emergence

of the term “Cancel Culture” itself is arguably more recent. Greenspan (2020) said

that one of the first usage of the term came from a tweet from American author,

TV critic, and assistant professor at Old Dominion University Myles McNutt, where

he used the phrase in February 2014 pertaining to the cancellation of some TV

series. "It's unfortunate how renew/cancel culture has made 'not renewed early'

read as canceled — 'wait and see until pilots come in' is normal," McNutt tweeted.

Even though the term itself is relatively new, the culture of socially cancelling

someone arose within the Black community and signifies Black empowerment

movements as far as the civil rights boycotts during the 1950s and 1960s.

Professor of African American culture and linguistics in University of California,

Santa Barbara, Anne Charity Hudley said to Vox, “While the terminology of cancel

culture may be new and most applicable to social media through Black Twitter, in

particular, the concept of being canceled is not new to black culture.” She also

described cancelling as “a survival skill as old as the Southern black use of the

boycott” (Romano, 2020).

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 13

Between 2016 and 2017, Cancel Culture, as an internet phenomenon,

attracted the public eye in social media, mainly because of the rise of the #MeToo

Movement, where women confessed about the sexual assault and harassment

that they experienced from their workplaces and industries, especially in the

entertainment industry. Cancel Culture became a tool to hold accountability to

Hollywood entities like the producer Harvey Weinstein (who was sentenced to 23

years in jail for rape and sexual assaults), financier Jeffrey Epstein (who died

inside his jail while waiting for his trial for sex trafficking in 2019), actor Kevin

Spacey (where his Tv series House of Cards was cancelled from airing because

of his sexual offenses), and comedian Louis CK (who had a successful return in

stand-up comedy in 2018 despite of his admission of sexual misconducts)

(Goldsbrough, 2020).

Meanwhile, Greenspan (2020) added that Insider conducted a research

where they discovered that there are fewer than 100 tweets and threads on Twitter

with the phrase “Cancel Culture” before the year 2018. They also found out that

most Twitter users who used the term “Cancel Culture” referred to that phrase in

a negative connotation. For example, user @brownskinangel tweeted on

November 2017, saying, “Cancel culture is SO toxic, you can't even learn from

your mistakes anymore because you're not even allowed to make any. And most

of the time people don't even f*cking care about the ACTUAL issues they're just

searching for f*cking rts. And that's the f*cked up part”.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 14

Within 2020, Cancel Culture also became an instrument for the rebirth of

the Black Live Matter Movement (BLM) after the murder of George Floyd in the

hands of two Minneapolis police officers on May 2020. Protesters in USA and

around the world began a massive campaign of toppling down and vandalizing

the statues of some racist historical figures such as Confederate generals and

slave holders like Robert E. Lee (Burnett, 2020), colonizers like Italian explorer

and slave-holder Christopher Columbus (Brito, 2020), and British imperialist Cecil

Rhodes (Mohdin, Adams, & Quinn, 2020). Despite of being vilified and

antagonized by the ring-wing media, BLM Movement still endures and its Cancel

Culture by calling out racist remarks on social media will never go away for now

(Malik, 2020).

Claims on Cancel Culture

Cancel Culture is one of the more complicated trends to hit the internet recently.

Some argue that it’s too harsh, others argue that it just doesn’t have any real

consequences. With the varied usage and wide debate around the term, it's

reasonable to ask where it came from and how it became a part of everyday speech.

So, what exactly is Cancel Culture? What do people talk about when they hear about

"cancel culture." If you toss a simple question such as “What is this cancel culture

thing, anyway?” into the seething waters of the internet, they’re contradictory because

the phenomenon is complicated, but not complicated enough to as we discuss

sweeping claims about the subject.

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 15

Horizon on How all Cultures Cancel

Cancel culture is a modern internet phenomenon where a person is ejected

from influence or fame by questionable actions. Basically, it is an intriguing

phenomenon that makes people wonder how it works; by what means, extent,

what do they cancel and why is it on trend today.

“Narcissists make up the majority of the people who engage in cancel

culture, and others who do this would include immature individuals”

(Great Debate Community, 2020).

Moreover, narcissists and immature individuals do cancel culture for they often

cancel a person or a group of people to shut them up. Often, this happens to

people with great influences such as celebrities, vloggers, authors or other well-

known figures in different fields. For the reason that their opinions are valuable to

the netizens because they are influential people. Additionally, to cancel someone

(usually a celebrity or other well-known figure) means to stop giving support to

that person which means being cancelled can truly affect an individual’s life

because often those support is their foundation to keep going (Merriam Webster,

2020). To add on to that, cancel culture has gone too far because it seems like

being cancelled is a message to kill yourself. In connection, cancel culture has

gone too far that even the two rivals which are Barack Obama and Donald Trump

agreed to it which is a very rare incident (StaffReports, 2020). Also, as reported in

YouGov, “Most Americans say cancel culture is a big problem” (Ballard, 2020).
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 16

Into the bargain, cancel culture is a trend these days because of how it

affects people. There are five reasons why people love it which are the following:

increases social status, reduces the social status of enemies, strengthens social

bonds, forces enemies to reveal themselves, and produces fast rewards

(Henderson, 2019). First, it increases social status for it creates new opportunities

to move up by taking others down or what we call crab mentality. Second, it

reduces the social status of enemies because broadcasting the bad behaviors of

others makes them lose social rank and the one who broadcasted it climbs up the

ladder. Third, it strengthens social bonds for it brings people closer together by

broadcasting misdeed of others because it is more fun for them. Fourth, it forces

enemies to reveal themselves for rallying around a morally ambiguous

transgression and seeing how people react permits the recruitment of assenters

and the targeting of dissenters. Lastly, it produces fast rewards for the reason that

it has social rewards of status.

Censoring of Open Debate and Freedom of Expression

According to Berkowitz (2020), ‘Cancelling: it’s not just for plans and

subscriptions anymore”. This is because even a person or a group of people with

great influences are being cancelled today. Moreover, people cancel someone

they disagree with about a certain topic. In short, it is about putting a lid on a

person’s mouth whose opinion is not accepted or is offending by the society’s

perspective.
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 17

Primarily, many things in this world is in disguise but one of the most

dangerous is around us, and this is what we call cancel culture. Due to the fact

that it is a mask to bend rights for it sees itself as a form of right to cancel but

cancel other people’s rights. Moreover, freedom of speech is one of our basic

human rights but is now being violated. The reason for this is the panel (Nesrine

Malik, Jonathan Freedland, Zoe Williams, and Samuel Moyn) stated that free

speech is under threat from cancel culture that even four writers signed an open

letter that ignited a heated discussion on the limits of political debate. Just as Moyn

(2020) said “Abuse of power to cancel is why I signed the letter” because recent

abuse and overuse of power to ban and cancel have sometimes hurt the

continuing normalizations of truths people care about.

“With Cancel Culture, we don’t have the right to freedom of expression

and speech because now we have to worry about sensitive people

being offended and it’s so ridiculous” (Musgrove, 2020).

Furthermore, this phenomenon greatly affects well-known figures who have

been deprived of freedom of speech because it makes them lose self confidence

in their selves and reason to live. It seems as if there’s no compassion from JK

Rowling to Taylor Swift, women are cancel culture’s biggest victims. In addition,

JK Rowling said “I was shaking all over and really dizzy, and I thought: “I’ll just

jump in front of the next train’,’ she says. “I had this overwhelming need to make

everything stop”. Also, Taylor Swift said that being cancelled after her row with

Kim Kardashian was a very isolating experience (Pointer, 2020).

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 18

However, despite of all things that are happening today due to cancel

culture be reminded that no one can please all living creature and things in this

world. Not all things can go the way people wanted. “Stop being so overly

sensitive and build a thicker skin. When someone tries to offend me through

racist rhetoric, it doesn’t even phase me anymore because I am used to it. Truth

is, you are going to be offended sometime during your lifetime. If someone

disagrees with you, be willing to have an engaging conversation with them

because you gain more knowledge and learn from it…

It’s better to live in a society where everyone can freely speak their

mind than one where people’s voices are silenced” (Musgrove, 2020).

How Internet exacerbated Cancel Culture

Under the rule of the internet there’s no leaving the village: Everywhere is

the same place, and so is every time. You can be canceled for something you

said in a crowd of complete strangers, if one of them uploads the video, or for a

joke that came out wrong if you happened to make it on social media, or for

something you said or did a long time ago if the internet remembers (Douthat,

2020).

“Social media is overrun by Cancel culture. Cancel culture is harsh,

and it has become a negative trend in society through the influence of

social media. I would go as far to say that it is a toxic concept and

reaps more harm than good” (Shank, 2020).

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 19

The concept of cancel culture deals with “canceling” public figures, brands or

individuals that have done or said something offensive or deemed wrong by

society. Cancel culture is thriving in this season of life and has surfaced on almost

every social media platform in some way. As it is most notably seen on social

media platforms, the temptation to jump on the bandwagon of group shaming has

become much easier. After all, someone who participates in cancel culture can do

it through the click of their keyboard or the tap of their phone. This leads to the

question of if pointing out the flaws of others is wrong if done behind the mask of

social media.

“While social media is seen as a powerful tool to expose wrongdoing

or even crimes, the acts of calling out and canceling may be

ineffective ways to hold a person accountable. Because more often

than not, calling out and canceling turn into cyberbullying—shaming

a person and judging him or her as someone with no chance of

redemption. This is what’s causing social media users’ mental health

to deteriorate” (Segismundo, 2019).

With social media’s rise, our social interaction has gone online. But even on social

media, rejection is still a powerful way of showing disapproval. In fact, it’s so

frequently used online, it has even earned a name for itself – cancel culture (Lobo,

2020) . So, what exactly is Cancel culture? Cancelling involves rejecting or

cancelling a person/brand/entity either on social media or in the real world. Twitter,

especially, is infamous for Cancel culture. Hashtags such as #CancelX and,

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 20

#Xthepartyisover are common. The original objective of cancel culture may have

been an endeavor for justice, as well as the accountability of

persons/brands/entities and what they stood for. However, the consumer voice

now seems to have devolved into armchair activism (slacktivism), where

consumers with a mob mentality mete out quick, and harsh judgements –

sometimes even bordering on hate.

In the age of social media stardom and an obsession with becoming “viral,”

seemingly everyone is trying their luck at their own 15 minutes of fame. But is it

all it is cracked up to be? With the rise of social media applications and more users

than ever becoming “influencers,” creators are faced with an unprecedented form

of social scrutiny and potential career annihilation that might be more horrifying

than the age-old internet trolls: cancel culture. Cancel culture can be loosely

defined as a movement to hold those with public platforms, either on social media

or in real life, accountable for problematic or offensive behavior (Rizvi, 2020) . This

usually entails large groups of users coming together to call out and question the

problematic subject, aka “canceling” them, and essentially force the person to

accept the consequences of their actions. But due to the virality of social media,

this preemptive consideration is lost. With enough digging into someone’s past,

anyone has the potential to be canceled, and all it takes is one tweet, post or

thread to start a wildfire that will continue to burn indefinitely. At that point, it is no

longer about critiquing behavior or asking for an apology, but feeding into hype

and hate in the name of “canceling” someone.

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 21

After all, if you’re going to cancel someone for their actions, calling them

out for it is the next natural step in the process. With the rise of social media where

everything is documented and scrutinized, acts of racism, colorism, sexism and

the like just won’t fly like they used to. Too often, marginalized communities

suffered in silence with their oppression. But platforms such as Twitter have

allowed for a more democratized space in which POCs could now freely express

their views (with more impact) without waiting for their privileged counterparts to

catch wind. Now, POCs can let "Twitter do their thing" and the Karens will be

effectively brought down (the woman above got fired from her job and had her dog

taken away from her). Don't forget the number of celebrities and being cancelled

for their racist acts such as Jimmy Kimmel and Jimmy Fallon’s blackface, JK

Rowling’s anti-trans tweets and more (Chin, 2020).

Getting "canceled" frequently plays out the same way: A person — whether

famous or not — says or does something controversial and the backlash on social

media follows swiftly. Whether the public punishment corresponds to the act that

sparked it may be up for debate, but the growing number of such incidents has

fueled controversy over what's become known as "cancel culture."

Critics of cancel culture say the process stifles free expression,

inhibits the exchange of ideas and keeps people from straying from

their comfort zones. Others, however, argue that it has empowered

people to challenge the status quo and demand accountability from

those in positions of power or wealth (Brito, 2020).

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 22

Admittedly, there are plenty of reasons that a celebrity or influential individual

needs to be looked down on. There is simply no excuse for racial, homophobic,

sexist, or discriminatory talk and actions. Those instances should warrant a badge

of shame. Unfortunately, the cancel culture we are experiencing today isn’t like

that. Instead of a majority agreement that something is inherently wrong, the more

vocal group is the one dictating what is right and what is wrong (DeBos, 2019) .

What happens when a decade-old racist tweet is uncovered from someone that

has turned their life around and not made the same mistake since? Does that

person deserve to be put to shame for the actions of their past when there is

nothing that can be done about it? What about a restaurant chain that closes one

day a week because of its religious views? Does the chain deserve the scorn of

public because its owners take a stand for something they believe in?

At its core, cancel culture is nothing more than a breeding ground for

toxicity that hides behind a facade of moral righteousness. It is far too easy to hide

behind a screen and put someone down with a series of hashtags. Ultimately, this

leads to a mob mentality of shouting activists that somehow seem to lose a rational

voice for their arguments. Perhaps that’s why the problem of #canceling someone

has gotten out of hand so quickly.

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 23

Celebrities: easy to target, hard to actually cancel

The phrase — a surprisingly recent creation — has become ubiquitous in

pop culture and reached the highest halls of power, used to describe

"cancellations" large and small. On one end of the spectrum are people like Bill

Cosby, Harvey Weinstein, and R. Kelly who were canceled by the public before

their sex-crimes trials. On the other end are everyday people like David Shor, who

faced criticism on Twitter after he tweeted a study from an academic journal

questioning the political consequences of violent and peaceful protests. Shor, who

tweeted the link during the George Floyd protests, was fired, though the company

has said it wasn't over the tweet. Despite the seemingly positive intentions of many

cancellations — to "demand greater accountability from public figures," as

Merriam-Webster's evaluation of the phrase notes — people tend to call out

cancel culture itself as a negative movement, suggesting that the consequences

of cancellation are too harsh in minor instances or represent rushed judgment in

complicated situations.

Google Trends data indicates that there was almost no search interest in

the phrase "cancel culture" until the second half of 2018 and early 2019. The

most search interest came in July of this year (Greenspan, 2020).

The comedian Kevin Hart faced intense online backlash in the fall of 2018 when

his homophobic tweets resurfaced after he was chosen to host the 2019 Oscars.

Ellen DeGeneres and others defended Hart, who said he shouldn't be judged

based on a statement he made years ago.

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 24

In the end, Hart stepped down from the hosting gig and refused to issue another

apology. He later blamed cancel culture. Though much of the media attention was

critical of Hart, he has since found wide-ranging career success. The issue with

cancel culture: if it doesn’t work, does it even exist? Is there really a point to

“bringing down” these über rich celebrities and public figures if a few months of

public shaming is nothing but a slap on the wrist to them? The reality is that a lot

of them will still remain untouchable to cancel culture. Instead, there must be a

better way to carry out societal change (Chin, 2020).

Cancellation, in the terms it is culturally viewed in, does not exist. Famous

people with controversial opinions mostly get to carry on as they were; careers

are not destroyed. As American journalist Jessica Valenti wrote earlier in July, “At

the end of the day, ‘cancel culture’ is a term full of sound and fury, signifying

nothing… facing consequences for what you say and do is not a free speech

violation.” The powerful hold onto their power. The only real cost is having to listen

to what others have to say. This is not about a social issue, a culture war, or even

an open letter. It’s about how, even with a louder voice online, a mass of powerless

people remains no match for the voice of a powerful one. Dynamics may shift, but

oppressed groups (such as trans and black people) remain the losers in this battle.

The individuals and institutions who wield power remain the same (Manavis,

2020). Since the #MeToo hashtag went viral in 2017, more women have spoken

out about their experiences with sexual harassment and assault.

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 25

While many people have applauded this movement, some men now say they fear

even casual interactions with women will get them canceled. Only that’s not what’s

happening. While some powerful men may not have the status they once did, they

have hardly been canceled (Hagi, 2019) . 2019 is highlighted as a year where

cancel culture really started to take off. Vox News writes that

“In 2019 alone, the list of people who’ve faced being canceled

included alleged sexual predators like R. Kelly; entertainers like

Kanye West, Scarlett Johansson, and Gina Rodriguez, who all had

offensive foot-in-mouth moments; and comedians like Kevin Hart and

Shane Gillis, who each faced public backlash after social media users

unearthed homophobic and racist jokes they’d made in the past.”

This list shows the complexity of cancel culture and ultimately its full extent. It is

understandable if people wish to cancel someone who has been alleged to be an

egregious sexual predator. It gets a bit more problematic when people start

digging through old tweets or attacking comedians for making jokes or attack a

popstar for supporting the wrong political party. This is what delineates what may

be reasonable attacks on misbehaving individuals and a culture that encourages

divisiveness and cruelty.

Actually, ending someone’s career through the power of public backlash is

easier said than done. Few entertainers or other public figures have truly been

canceled — that is, they haven’t had their careers totally shut down by negative

criticism on the internet (Romano, 2020).

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 26

Alison Roman was placed on a temporary hiatus from the Times following a

controversial social media argument she had with Chrissy Teigen, but her

popularity continues unabated and her latest cookbook is currently a No. 1

Amazon bestseller. And following her most recent transphobic screed in June,

sales of Rowling’s books actually increased tremendously in her home country of

Great Britain.

“The King of YouTube,” also known as Shane Dawson, was canceled when

videos of him making racist, pedophilia and bestiality-type jokes and again when

people came back to his videos before he belittled other online creators like James

Charles for money resurfaced. However, his cancelation never stuck because his

fans would keep returning to his series. Television host and comedian, Ellen

DeGeneres, was canceled for being mean — allegations range from bad fan

encounters, firing someone for looking her in the eye and playing favorites with

where she extended a helping hand, down to executive producers of her show

being racist and committing sexual misconduct (Tidwell & Jack, 2020).

The entire cancel culture conversation, including the debate over whether

or not it exists at all, has largely missed a crucial point. While celebrities,

successful artists, and other too-big-to-fail types can survive a cancellation (or

even seek one out as a means of drumming up publicity), the rest of us are trapped

in an increasingly deranged surveillance state fueled by the disappearance of our

most essential resource: trust (Rosenfield, 2019) .

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 27

Cancel Culture on both sides: Right and Left Spectrum

There are practical, as well as philosophical, consequences to cancelling

on the Left. One is to energize the popular and political backlash against “political

correctness” that the Right is trying, with some success, to stir up. Another is to

inhibit wider discussion of issues by making even liberals worry about wandering

too closely to the latest boundary line. Human gender differences, for example,

are amazingly complex. They are overwhelmingly socially constructed, but should

researchers shy away from exploring the genetics and biology of gender for

concern about being canceled? On the other hand, can a discursive community

move the consensus about values and about appropriate comment without

cancelling the laggards? Are the PC casualties the distasteful but necessary cost

of, say, freeing the sexually nonconforming from stigma and pain or getting

colorblind application of the law? I think not. Much progressive change has

happened without it, including, for examples, the widespread acceptance of same-

sex relationships and the expansion of health care. A loss of progressive

momentum, as well as a loss of principle, looms with too much censorship on the

Left (Fischer, 2020).

A number of public thinkers are pining for a culture capable of hosting

spirited debate in a neutral “marketplace” of ideas. In this vision, intellectual

exchange is unencumbered by personal attacks or harsh judgment or, indeed—

to preserve freedom of inquiry—the risk of professional consequences. And at the

moment, many intellectuals seem most focused on curbing these “illiberal”

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 28

tendencies on the left. The left, they say, have declared certain ideas off-limits for

debate, dismissing those who want to debate them with insults or social

opprobrium or even calls for firing. This leftist speech, the lament goes, is having

a “chilling effect,” impeding the free flow of ideas, and making good thinkers

hesitant and risk-averse. If you espouse the wrong position, you may pay with an

internet pile-on or even your livelihood.

This sounds like a nightmarish state of affairs indeed. But there’s something

crucial missing in these analyses, which grow vague and blame “the present

climate” when they draw their comparisons to Orwell’s 1984. To hear them say it,

it’s this climate that is responsible for unjust firings, even more than the actual

employers. This climate is angry. This climate won’t be reasoned with. But what I

think is largely responsible for this phenomenon they’re observing—without

understanding—is Twitter. And the internet at large. And how years of arguing on

social platforms, mixed with the incentives that they supply, has distorted not just

the way most of us talk about things but also the way we manage ideological

dissent. In short: Political discourse has been warped less because of “cancel

culture” or “illiberalism” than by the way social media platforms have been

poisoned, like wells, that poison us in turn (Loofbourow, 2020).

It is often the case that those who are the least entitled to complain

about something do so the loudest. So, it is with conservatives and

so-called "cancel culture" — firing or de-platforming individuals

because of their views (Dalmia, 2020).

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 29

Hardly a day goes by when some conservative somewhere doesn't warn

Americans that the lefty "cancel crew will come for you" or that a "new purge"

reminiscent of "Stalin" is underway from which "no one is safe." But those

conservatives need to take a deep breath and mind their own house. When it

comes to the politically correct left, liberals are themselves rising to defend old-

fashioned tolerance, showing that a free marketplace of ideas when left to its own

devices can regulate itself.

To be sure, it is an open question, as notes Ross Douthat, The New York

Times' uber thoughtful conservative columnist and no friend of the woke left,

whether the progressive camp's new censoriousness towards real or imagined

disrespect toward marginalized groups would necessarily be more illiberal than

the old Protestant consensus they seek to replace. Even liberal polities firmly

committed to protecting free speech, after all, impose cultural limits on what ideas

they admit in respectable company. And it is inevitable that an ethnically and

religiously homogeneous society with one dominant group would draw the lines

very differently from a more diverse one. Indeed, as more women and minorities

enter the public space, they'll question old rules of social interaction. Many norms

that were previously acceptable would no longer be so — and vice versa.

The opposite of intolerance used to be tolerance. But as ideology has

given way to identity, it has become intolerance of intolerance instead.

On platforms like twitter, a posturing left exists in unwitting symbiosis

with the angry right (Glaser, 2019).

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 30

Now, as debate has moved online, ideology has given way to identity. The battle

of ideas has become a fight for recognition. Agonism has been replaced by

antagonism. A hyper-sensitivity has taken hold that manifests as aggression.

These fights are about who is allowed to exist—and who becomes what the

Stalinists used to call an “unperson.” Despite cyber-utopian promises of openness

and freedom, progressives find themselves whispering in corridors. The offence-

givers and offence-takers imagine themselves as enemies, but in truth they live in

symbiosis. The word “outrage” is an auto-antonym: it refers to both cause and

response. “Cancel culture” on the left is the mirror image of right-wing populism.

Democracy entails grimy compromise, the accommodation of objectionable

views. But populism posits a division between an authentic “us” and an illegitimate

“them.” In Nigel Farage’s referendum victory speech, the 48 per cent who plumped

for Remain were written out of the demos, distinguished from the triumphant “real

people.” Meanwhile, just as populism undermines democracy, “cancel culture”

undoes the tolerance that ensures we don’t end up in hell.

Political correctness made the valid point that reality is partly constructed

by language. But combined with the internet it has indeed gone mad. It has

spawned the illusion that purity is attainable. It’s as if we have given up on trying

to improve the real world and instead just try to build perfect linguistic worlds,

unmuddied by human error. Cancellation is the false hope that we can erase those

we don’t like. The online zone of enforced hygiene becomes instead a sewer of

animosity. Amid the left’s Twitter micro-wars, its real enemy—neoliberal

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 31

hegemony—remains safely out of view. While black, queer, transsexual and

feminist folk bicker, powerful white dudes carry on running the world. The all-

important factor missing from these is context. The very organizations we rely on

to establish context—universities, publishers and the media—are cowed not only

by the “liberal elite” slur of the philistine right, but also by the left’s indignation

about “privilege.” The irony is that nobody, however passionate, is going to win an

argument this way. If you try to cancel disagreement, you start seeing it

everywhere. Like Stalin’s proliferating “traitors,” there will soon be no right-thinking

people left.

Though those behind cancel culture would be on the far-left side of

the ideological and political spectrum, the effect of what they are doing

is the very opposite of liberal (Stonestreet & Morris, 2020).

Free speech and open debate, long-claimed values of classic liberalism, are

stifled, not by a political oppression that so many feared, but by mob-like tactics.

A number of high-profile thinkers (153 to be exact), many of whom would sit on

the left of the spectrum, expressed their collective concern over cancel culture. In

a letter published by Harper's Magazine, this group of authors, journalists,

academics and artists warn of cancel culture's "intolerant climate" and reaffirm the

value of open and civil debate. The group includes some of the brightest stars in

the progressive firmament: Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling; left-wing linguist and

philosopher Noam Chomsky; author of "The Handmaid's Tale" Margaret Atwood;

feminist Gloria Steinem; "Satanic Verses" author Salman Rushdie; New York
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 32

Times columnist Michelle Goldberg, journalist Malcolm Gladwell; and the

magazine's president, John MacArthur. The letter condemns "intolerance of

opposing views," the far left's "vogue for public shaming and ostracism" and its

"tendency to dissolve complex policy issues in a blinding moral certainty."

Cancel culture is a recent phenomenon that has its roots in history and

human nature. One of the triumphs of the Classical Liberal tradition that stems

from the Enlightenment, the Dutch Golden Age, the American Founding, and so

on is the advent of a culture of intellectual toleration. Free speech and debate are

new as well as fragile developments. It wasn’t that long ago where people could

be killed, tortured, or ostracized for beliefs they held. Even today, much with all of

the founding principles of freedom, we are still working to fully realize those ideas

such as free speech. Cancel culture and political correctness will not take us into

a progressive age of inclusiveness; they will take us back to the age of domination

and conflict (Yang, 2020).

Socio-cultural Perspectives of Notable Personalities

Despite of being a popular trend on social media in the recent years, Cancel

Culture has been condemned and criticized by celebrities, politicians, journalists,

academics, and other public figures who are more vulnerable to be cancelled. For

example, Harper’s Magazine (2020) wrote an open letter for netizens who support

Cancel Culture titled “A Letter on Justice and Open Debate” where 152 celebrities and

academics signed as a support for advocating tolerance and intellectual discussion

regarding social issues instead of cancelling them.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 33

British author and philanthropist JK Rowling, one of the celebrities who signed

Harper’s Letter and a latest target of cancellation for her allegedly transphobic tweets,

denounced Cancel Culture, together with other 151 signatories, by saying, “While we

have come to expect this on the radical right, censoriousness is also spreading more

widely in our culture: an intolerance of opposing views, a vogue for public shaming

and ostracism, and the tendency to dissolve complex policy issues in a blinding moral

certainty” (Harper's Magazine, 2020).

American linguist and cognitive scientist Noam Chomsky, one of the signatories

and an avid defender of free speech, once said, “If you believe in freedom of speech,

you believe in freedom of speech for views you don’t like. Goebbels was in favor of

free speech for views he liked. So was Stalin. If you’re really in favor of free speech,

then you’re in favor of freedom of speech for precisely the views you despise.

Otherwise, you’re not in favor of free speech” (Edwards, 2020). While Anglo-Indian

author Salman Rushdie, Chomsky’s fellow signatory and known for having death

threats from Muslims and a fatwa from Ayatollah Khomeini in 1989 for “insulting Islam”

in his novel “The Satanic Verses,” said, “‘I’ve always seen democracy as a public

square in which everyone is arguing... The ability to have the argument is what I would

call freedom because in countries that are authoritarian the first thing rulers try to do

is to shut down that argument” (Showbusiness Reporter for the Daily Mail, 2020).

Meanwhile, British comedian and actor Ricky Gervais called out Cancel Culture

by saying, “If it is choosing not to watch a comedian because you don’t like them,

that’s everyone’s right. But when people are trying to get someone fired because they
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 34

don’t like their opinion about something that’s nothing to do with their job, that’s what

I call cancel culture and that’s not cool.” He also added that, “everyone’s allowed to

call you an a******e, everyone’s allowed to stop watching your stuff, everyone’s

allowed to burn your DVDs, but you shouldn’t have to go to court for saying a joke that

someone didn’t like. And that’s what we get dangerously close to. If you don’t agree

to someone’s right to say something you don’t agree with, you don’t agree with

freedom of speech” (Lougher, 2020).

On the other hand, American comedian and satirist Bill Maher said that Cancel

Culture has gotten out of hand that people have to cancel God. In his New Rule

segment in his show Real Time with Bill Maher, he said that he supported the toppling

down of Confederate statues, but condemned the tearing down of former US

presidents Ulysses Grant and Abraham Lincoln, and defended presidents George

Washington and Thomas Jefferson, who are both slave-owners, saying that they are

just a product of their own time. “If being a product of your time is no longer an excuse,

what I have to say about this guy?” Maher said, at which point a painting of Jesus

Christ appeared on screen. “The Confederacy used the Bible to justify their cause

because it has plenty of passages from both testaments to back them up. ‘Slaves,

obey your earthly masters.’ ‘Slaves, be obedient to your human masters.’ ‘Slaves,

submit yourself to your masters.' You see a pattern? If we’re gonna be consistent, I

think we’re gonna have to cancel God. Jesus himself says at one point in the Bible,

‘The servant who knows the Master’s will and does not do what the Master wants, will

be beaten with many blows.’ Thanks, Son of God.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 35

Would you let those words slide if it was somebody’s tweet today? Jesus did heal a

slave once, but not to free him — to get him back working. Because this is how slavery

was back then. They didn’t see it as a problem because no one did. And if you had

been back there, you wouldn’t have either. You’re not better than Jesus or Ulysses S.

Grant, you just came later,” he added (Lincoln & Owen, 2020).

South African comedian and commentator Trevor Noah shared his concerns

about Cancel Culture on The Hollywood Reporter and said, "I just don’t think it’s

healthy for us to berate and destroy people for who they were versus who they are

because ‘are’ is more important. And that’s the problem I have with the ‘cancel culture’

a lot of the time — you condemn people to only being that forever. What’s the value

of atoning if it doesn’t mean you’re welcomed back into society?” (Marie, 2019).

When it comes to politics, Cancel Culture also has its own criticisms both from the

liberal and conservative spectrum. Former US president Barack Obama said that “This

idea of purity and you’re never compromised and you’re always politically ‘woke’ and

all that stuff. You should get over that quickly,” and then added that the calling out

culture from the Woke Left is “not activism. That’s not bringing about change” (Rueb

& Taylor, 2020). The current US president Donald Trump also denounced Cancel

Culture at his Republican National Convention speech, saying, “The goal of cancel

culture is to make decent Americans live in fear of being fired, expelled, shamed,

humiliated and driven from society as we know it," and even equating it to

“totalitarianism” (Santucci, 2020).

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 36

In his segment of his show Last Week Tonight about public shaming, British comedian

and commentator John Oliver said that public shaming, something that is a large part

of Cancel Culture, can completely destroy people’s live, if misdirected. While

highlighting its negative effects, Oliver also said that he is not entirely denouncing

public shaming. “You may be expecting me to say that all public shaming is bad, but I

don’t actually think that. When it’s well-directed, a lot of good can come out of it. If

someone is caught doing something racist or a powerful person is behaving badly, it

can increase accountability,” he said (Friedersdorf, 2019).

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 37

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology that will be used in the study with the

following parts; the research method used, population frame and sampling scheme,

description of respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedure, and

statistical analysis of data.

Research Method Used

This study seeks to determine the socio-cultural perspectives of senior high school

students in regards to cancel culture. This brings the researchers to use a descriptive-

survey method. This is a quantitative research method that attempts to collect

quantifiable information for statistical analysis of the population sample. Descriptive-

survey research uses surveys to gather data about varying subjects and this data aims to

know the extent to which different conditions can be obtained among these subjects. The

researchers will be conducting an online survey through google forms to gather the

needed data using a five-point Likert scale to determine what really are the views of each

participant in relation to cancel culture.

Population Frame and Sampling Scheme

Since this study aims to determine the socio-cultural perspectives of Senior High

School students, from various schools and universities that have active social media

accounts, in regards to cancel culture. The researchers used purposive sampling as

their sampling technique. In purposive sampling, researchers sample with a purpose

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 38

in mind and would have one or more specific predefined groups they are seeking –

which are Senior High School Students. As in all quantitative studies, increasing the

sample size increases the statistical power of the sample, which is why the target

population would be as much as the researchers can.

Description of Respondents

The respondents of this study are randomly selected senior high school students

from distinct schools or universities and strands. They are the respondents for we

want to determine their socio-cultural perspectives on this topic; due to the fact that,

they are part of the millennials or generation Z which are more likely to be aware or

knowledgeable about this trending phenomenon. They are described according to

their demographic profile such as gender (male or female), grade level (Grade 11 or

12), strand (ABM, HUMMS, STEM, GAS, TECH-VOC, Sports Track, or Arts and

Design Track), average time of social media usage, and used social media usage.

Lastly, they ascertained the impact – personally and socially – of cancel culture today.

Research Instrument

The Likert five-point scale through google form was the principal instrument used

in this study. Whereas, the questions are presented in statement-format which are

then divided into four parts. These parts are outlined based on the questions that our

study seeks to answer; as stated in the statement of the problem in Chapter 1, which

are; (1) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of their gender, age, and

average time of social media usage; (2) To what extent do Cancel Culture influence
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 39

the socio-cultural perspectives among the respondents in terms of its nature, its

personal impact and its social impact; and (3) Is there a significant difference in the

socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture gathered among the respondents when

their profile is considered?

Data Gathering Procedure

In gathering the needed data, the researchers first asked for the approval of the

professor in charge from Rizal Technological University Senior High School to allow

us to conduct an online survey. Then we went on to select participants through

purposive sampling from different strands in either Grade 11 or Grade 12. For better

results, the researchers made sure that the guideline for selecting participants, which

is that they must be available and all so willing to participate, was followed and that

this study was explained concisely for them to be well-oriented. Also, for an organized

manner of collecting data, the researchers allocated the tasks assigned for each

member of the group accordingly.

Statistical Analysis of Data

In this process of presenting and interpreting of numerical data, the researchers

used descriptive statistics to present data in a manageable form. Descriptive statistics

are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study and it provides simple

summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics

analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data. Since we

are using a five-point Likert scale in our survey, we cannot use the mean as a measure
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 40

of central tendency as it has no meaning (i.e. what is the average of Strongly agree

and disagree?). The most appropriate measure of it is the mode, the most frequent

responses, or the median. For the computations of the gathered data, statistics used

are frequency, average, weighted mean, grand mean, and for the null hypothesis

testing: the p-value and anova. The analysis to be made by the researchers are then

tallied through Excel and was also be presented through tables for better visual

presentation and interpretation.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 41

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter includes the outcome of the study. The results are presented by the

researchers using table diagrams. Researchers are to interpret and describe the

significance of our findings in light of what was already known about the topic being

researched and to explain any new understanding or insights that emerged as a result

of our study of the problem.

Demographic Profile of the Respondents

The following tables presents the demographic profile of the respondents who

took part in this research. After 10 days of survey period, the researchers were able

to garner a total of 289 respondents in their survey through Google forms. The

demographic profile of the respondents were generally Senior High School students

and their profile in terms of Gender, Grade Level, Strand, Average time of social media

usage, and Most used social media app are presented, analyzed, and interpreted

below.
Table 1
Respondents According to Gender
Gender Frequency Percent Rank
Male 129 44.64 2
Female 160 55.36 1
Total 289 100.00

Table 1 shows respondents according to gender. Out of 289 respondents, 160 are

females which is 55.36% of the total. While for males there are 129 respondents which

is 44.64% of the total. Therefore, most of the respondents according to gender are

females.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 42

Table 2
Respondents According to Grade Level
Grade Level Frequency Percent Rank
Grade 11 58 20.07 2
Grade 12 231 79.93 1
Total 289 100.00

Table 2 shows respondents according to grade level. Out of 289 respondents, 58

are Grade 11 which is 20.07% of the total. While for Grade 12 there are 231

respondents which is 79.93% of the total. Therefore, most of the respondents

according to grade level are Grade 12.

Table 3
Respondents According to Strand
Strand Frequency Percent Rank
HUMSS 88 30.45 2
STEM 99 34.26 1
ABM 45 15.57 3
GAS 16 5.54 5
TVL 39 13.49 4
Sports Track 1 0.35 6
Arts and Design Track 1 0.35 6
Total 289 100.00

Table 3 shows respondents according to strand. Out of 289 respondents, 88 of

them are from HUMSS which is 30.45% of the total also 99 of them are from STEM

which is 34.26% of the total. While 45 of them are from ABM which is 15.57% of the

total also 39 of them is from TVL which is 13.49% of the total. Then 16 of them are

from GAS which is 5.54% of the total. For Sports Track and Art and Design Track,

both of them have 1 respondent which is 0.35% of the total. Therefore, most of the

respondents according to strand are from STEM and the least respondents are both

from Sport Track and Art and Design.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 43

Table 4
Respondents According to Average Time of Social Media Usage
Average Time Frequency Percent Rank
2 hours 1 min and/or Less 40 13.84 2
2 hours 1 min to 3 hours 39 13.49 3
3 hours 1 minute and above 210 72.66 1
Total 289 100.00

Table 4 shows respondents according to average time of social media usage. Out

of 289 respondents, 40 of them used social media within 2 hours 1 min and/or less

which is 13.84% of the total. While 39 of them used social media within 2 hours 1 min

to 3 hours which is 13.49% of the total. Then 210 of respondents used social media

within 3 hours 1 min and above which is 72.66% of the total. Therefore, respondents

according to average time of social media usage, most of them used social media

within 3 hours 1 min and above.

Table 5
Respondents According to Used Social Media Apps
Social Media Apps Frequency Percent Rank
Facebook 200 69.20 1
Twitter 29 10.03 3
Instagram 22 7.61 4
Youtube 34 11.76 2
Other 4 1.38 5
Total 289 100.00

Table 5 shows respondents according to used social media apps. Out of 289

respondents, 200 of them are using Facebook which is 69.20% of the total, while 29

of them are using Twitter which is 10.03% of the total. Then 22 are using Instagram

which is 7.61% of the total also 34 of them are using YouTube which is 11.76% of the

total. And for using the other apps there are 4 respondents which is 1.38% of the total.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 44

Therefore, respondents according to used social media app, most of them are using

Facebook and least of them are using other social media apps.

These are the demographic profile of the respondents and from the survey results

on the respondents’ profile, whereas, females dominated the survey; most of them are

Grade 12 students; most of them are from the strand STEM; most of the respondents

used social media within 3 hours 1min and above and most of them are using

Facebook app.

Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as influenced by its Nature

For this part of the study, the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as

influenced by its Nature are categorized from the survey following the layout of the

topics discussed in Chapter II Review of Related Literature. This nature of cancel

culture – particularly the claims about it – influenced the socio-cultural perspectives of

the respondents on this newly emerging phenomenon, ‘Cancel Culture.’ The

perspectives gathered from the survey are presented, analyzed, and interpreted in the

following:

Table 6
Obtained Frequency and Weighted Mean of the Respondents'
Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as influenced by its Nature
Socio-Cultural Perspectives on
f
Cancel Culture as influenced by
its Nature 1 2 3 4 5 W VI Rank
I have heard of the term "Cancel
65 70 79 32 43 2.72 Undecided 4
Culture" before.
I know what the term "Cancel
61 79 61 42 46 2.77 Agree 2
culture" means.
I've probably done it without
24 69 104 51 41 3.06 Undecided 1
knowing it.
Horizon on how all cultures cancel
Cancel culture is a powerful tool
that can be used to hold public 59 108 80 28 14 2.41 Agree 8
accountability.
Cancel Culture is an intriguing
phenomenon that makes people
wonder how it works; by what 61 122 78 24 4 2.27 Agree 10
means, extent, what do they cancel
and why is it on trend today.
Censoring open debate and freedom of expression
 Cancel Culture as influenced by 1
its Nature 2 3 4 5 W VI Rank
I have heard ofitsthe Nature
term "Cancel 1 2 3 4 5 W VI Rank
65 70 79 32 43 2.72 Undecided 4
I have heard
Culture" before.of the term "Cancel
65 70 79 32 43 2.72 Undecided 4
Culture"
I know whatbefore.
the term "Cancel
61 79 61 42 46 2.77 Agree 2
I know means.
culture" what the term "Cancel
61 79 61 42 46 2.77 Agree 2
culture" means.
I've probably done it without
RIZAL
I've
knowing it.TECHNOLOGICAL
probably done it without UNIVERSITY SENIOR
24 69 104 HIGH
51 SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE
41 3.06 Undecided 1 45
24 69 104 51 41 3.06 Undecided 1
knowingon
Horizon it. how all cultures cancel
Horizon
Cancel on how
culture all cultures
is a powerful toolcancel
Cancel
that culture
can be usedistoahold
powerful
publictool 59 108 80 28 14 2.41 Agree 8
that can be used to hold public
accountability. 59 108 80 28 14 2.41 Agree 8
accountability.
Cancel Culture is an intriguing
Cancel Culture
phenomenon thatismakes
an intriguing
people
phenomenon that
wonder how it works; makes people
by what 61 122 78 24 4 2.27 Agree 10
wonder how it works; by what
means, extent, what do they cancel 61 122 78 24 4 2.27 Agree 10
means, extent, what do
and why is it on trend today.they cancel
and why isopen
Censoring it on trend
debatetoday.
and freedom of expression
Censoring
Cancel cultureopen
makesdebate
the and freedom of expression
Cancel culture makes
borderline between genuinely the
borderline between genuinely
offensive speech or actions and 57 109 96 17 10 2.36 Agree 9
offensive
merely speech
innocent or actions and
mistakes 57 109 96 17 10 2.36 Agree 9
merely innocent
indistinguishable. mistakes
indistinguishable.
Cancel Culture sees itself as a form
ofCancel
right toCulture
cancel sees
but ititself as a form
cancels
of right to cancel but it cancels
83 96 80 22 8 2.22 Agree 11
other people's rights and seems as
83 96 80 22 8 2.22 Agree 11
if other people's
it's a form rightsbullying.
of cyber and seems as
Howif it'sinternet
a form of cyber bullying.
exacerbated cancel cultutre
How media
Social internet exacerbated
is overrun cancel cultutre
by Cancel
Social media is overrun by Cancel
85 88 77 32 7 2.27 Agree 10
culture.
85 88 77 32 7 2.27 Agree 10
culture.
Social media is seen as a powerful
Social
tool mediawrongdoing
to expose is seen as aorpowerful
even
Strongly
crimes, the actswrongdoing
tool to expose of calling out even 108
orand 91 62 19 9 2.07 12
Strongly
Agree
crimes, the acts of calling out
canceling may be ineffective ways and 108 91 62 19 9 2.07 12
Agree
canceling may be ineffective
to hold a person accountable. ways
to hold a person
Celebrities: easy accountable.
to target, hard to actually cancel
Ending someone’s
Celebrities: easycareer, like hard
to target, for to actually cancel
Ending
some someone’s
celebrities, career,
through thelike for
power
ofsome
publiccelebrities,
backlash orthrough
culturetheof power 49 91 103 30 16 2.56 Undecided 6
of public backlash
cancelling, is easier or culture
said than of 49 91 103 30 16 2.56 Undecided 6
cancelling, is easier said than
done.
done.
Celebrities, successful artists, and
Celebrities,
other successful
too-big-to-fail typesartists,
can and 40 77 103 51 18 2.76 Undecided 3
other too-big-to-fail
survive a cancellationtypes can 40 77 103 51 18 2.76 Undecided 3
survive a cancellation
Cancel culture on both sides: Right and Left Spectrum
Cancel
Cancel culture
Culture is on both
often sides: Right and Left Spectrum
associated
Cancel
with Culture
liberals insteadis often
of associated 29 93 130 28 9 2.64 Undecided 5
with liberals instead of
conservatives. 29 93 130 28 9 2.64 Undecided 5
conservatives.
Cancel culture and political
Cancel culture
correctness andtake
will not political
us into a
correctnessage
progressive willofnot take us into a
inclusiveness; 45 107 88 39 10 2.52 Agree 7
progressive
they age
will take us of inclusiveness;
back to the age of 45 107 88 39 10 2.52 Agree 7
they will take
domination andus back to the age of
conflict.
domination and conflict.
G 2.51 Agree
G 2.51 Agree
Legend: f = frequency W = Weighted Mean VI = Verbal Interpretation G = Grand Mean
Legend: f = frequency W = Weighted Mean VI = Verbal Interpretation G= Grand Mean
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 46

Table 6 shows the obtained frequency and weighted mean of the respondents’

socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its nature. In the survey,

the researchers started with three statements to determine respondents' knowledge

or awareness about its definition or background. From first statement, “I have heard

of the term ‘Cancel Culture’ before”, most respondents, particularly a total of 79 with

a weighted mean of 2.72, resulted in an undecided response. While, in “I know what

the term “Cancel Culture” means” most respondents, particularly a total of 79 out of

289, with a weighted mean of 2.77, responded that they agree with it. On the other

hand, “I’ve probably done it without knowing it” which set a record of most respondents

answering the same, with a total of 104, with a weighted mean of 3.06, responded that

they were undecided. From this data the researchers interpret that, most of them are

undecided with the instance that they haven’t heard the term; most of them agree, but

not strongly agree, that they know what it means; and that majority of them are

undecided whether they have done ‘canceling’ without consciously knowing that they

are doing it. With this, the researchers analyzed that most people indeed don’t have

a definite knowledge or background about cancel culture.

In the survey, after the first three questions, we then provided a short and brief

definition and background of Cancel Culture. So, in the following statement-formatted

questions, the respondents now know what this phenomenon is.

Moving on, with the Horizon on How all Cultures Cancel, the table shows that

most respondents agree, though not strongly, to the claim that all cultures cancel; the

question is for what, how widely, and through what means. With “Cancel culture is a
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 47

powerful tool that can be used to hold public accountability”, respondents with a total

of 108 and a weighted mean of 2.41 responded that they agree. Also, with “Cancel

Culture is an intriguing phenomenon that makes people wonder how it works; by what

means, extent, what do they cancel and why is it on trend today”, respondents agree

too, particularly with a total of 122 out of 289, with a weighted mean of 2.27. Therefore,

we can say that people are indeed intrigued about how cancel culture works and are

positive that it can be used to hold public accountability.

Then, we have cancel culture: censoring open debate and freedom of

expression. Like the previous topic on cancel culture, respondents also agree, but not

strongly, that not only cancellation isn’t exactly about free speech, but it also is more

than that. With “Cancel culture makes the borderline between genuinely offensive

speech or actions and merely innocent mistakes indistinguishable”, most respondents

with a total of 109 out of 289, with a weighted mean of 2.36, agreed. As well as in

“Cancel Culture sees itself as a form of right to cancel but it cancels other people's

rights and seems as if it's a form of cyber bullying”, most respondents, particularly 96

of them, with a weighted mean of 2.22, agreed to it too. Adding to this, the next

greatest number of respondents strongly agreed, specifically 83 out of 289 of them.

From this, researchers analyzed that respondents are aware of the borderline

between cancel culture unclear, whether it’s only a mere mistake or purposely

offensive, they agreed that cancel culture is a form of right to cancel other people’s

rights and seems as if it’s a form of cyberbullying.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 48

Next, with How Internet exacerbated Cancel Culture, respondents got a record

of a strongly agreed response for the first time throughout the survey. Most

respondents share the same perspective to the claim that the internet has changed

the way we cancel, and extended cancellation’s reach. With “Social media is overrun

by Cancel culture”, respondents with a weighted mean of 2.27, agreed to it, particularly

88 of them, just 3 numbers greater than those 85 out of 289 who strongly agreed.

While, with “Social media is seen as a powerful tool to expose wrongdoing or even

crimes, the acts of calling out and canceling may be ineffective ways to hold a person

accountable”, most respondents strongly agreed with a weighted mean of 2.07,

specifically 108 out of 289 of them. Therefore, most respondents think that social

media is the main platform of Cancel Culture and that it is a tool to expose people with

crimes though canceling can be an ineffective way to hold a person accountable.

Getting more inside cancel culture itself, in this part, the focus gets into

celebrities, the people who are most linked to this phenomenon. They are the easiest

people to target, but the hardest people to actually cancel. In this section of the survey,

respondents are undecided, with a mean of 2.56 in “Ending someone’s career, like for

some celebrities, through the power of public backlash or culture of cancelling, is

easier said than done” and a mean of 2.76 in “Celebrities, successful artists, and other

too-big-to-fail types can survive a cancellation”, which both had 103 out of 289

responses. Therefore, respondents are unsure Therefore, we can say that whether

celebrities' careers can be at stake if targeted by Cancel Culture.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 49

Lastly, the study now views cancel culture in a political perspective, considering

both sides: The Right-Conservatism and Left-Liberalism spectrum. In “Cancel Culture

is often associated with liberals instead of conservatives”, the respondents, with a

weighted mean of 264, responded as undecided, specifically 130 out 289 of them.

While in “Cancel culture and political correctness will not take us into a progressive

age of inclusiveness; they will take us back to the age of domination and conflict”,

respondents with a weighted mean of 2.52 agreed and 107 of them did. Therefore,

respondents aren’t sure if cancel culture is more associated with conservatives or

liberals, but are sure that the cancel culture will not help us progress into inclusivity

but rather take us back to domination and conflict.

All in all, this table shows that majority of the 289 respondents, shares

perspectives in regards to “cancel culture,” since responses ranges more from ‘Agree’

to ‘Undecided', and somehow ‘Strongly Agree’. Majority of them knows what the term

“cancel culture” is, they agreed that it can be a tool to hold accountability to someone,

that it is a form of cyberbullying, social media is a platform for cancelling but agreed

that the act of cancelling can be an ineffective way to hold accountability and it also

holds us back to enter the new era of inclusiveness. Most of them are undecided on

having heard of the term before, on doing it without knowing it, on whether celebrities

can survive society cancelling them and ruining their careers or not, and on which side

of the political spectrum is cancel culture more associated into. There is one

perspective on cancel culture that most respondents see the same way, and it is that

social media is a powerful tool to expose people in this phenomenon, Cancel Culture.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 50

Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

as influenced by its Personal Impacts

Table 7
Obtained Frequency and Weighted Mean of Socio-Cultural Perspectives
on Cancel Culture as influenced by its Personal Impacts to the Respondents
Socio-Cultural Perspectives on
f
Cancel Culture as influenced by
its Personal Impacts to the
1 2 3 4 5 W VI Rank
Respondents

I am willing to engage with

someone who has a different
Strongly
opinion to gain more knowledge 144 68 51 18 8 1.89 4
Agree
and learn from it instead of shutting
opinions I disagree with.

I still support and follow my favorite

notable personalities even though
19 55 105 58 52 3.24 Undecided 1
they said and done something
inappropriate and offensive.

I am easily offended of social

issues may it be discrimination, 39 74 101 49 26 2.82 Undecided 2
Due to this
politics, existing
religion andphenomenon,
the like. I
became more cautious to speak up 88 90 69 29 13 2.27 Agree 3
G 2.55 Undecided
Legend: f = frequency W = Weighted Mean VI = Verbal Interpretation G = Grand Mean

Table 7 presents the Personal and Social Impacts of Cancel Culture on the Socio-

Cultural Perspectives of the Respondents. Alongside Cancel Culture’s nature, we

have four articulations in order to modify personal impacts of respondents’ socio-

cultural perspectives on cancel culture. From the articulation, “I am willing to engage

with someone who has a different opinion to gain more knowledge and learn from it

instead of shutting opinions I disagree with,” most respondents, in particular a total of

144, with a weighted mean of 1.89 resulted in a strongly agreed response.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 51

While in the articulation, “I still support and follow my favorite notable personalities

even though they have said and done something inappropriate and offensive,” most

respondents, specifically a total of 105, with a weighted mean of 3.24; this ranked first

on the survey which resulted in an undecided response. On the other hand, coming

from the articulation “I am easily offended of social issues may it be discrimination,

politics, religion and the like,” the majority of respondents, particularly a sum of 101,

with a weighted mean of 2.82 generate in an undecided response. Nevertheless, out

of the articulation, “Due to this existing phenomenon, I became more cautious to speak

up about my opinions on social media,” greatest in quantity of the respondents,

distinctly a grand total of 90, with a weighted mean of 2.27, which developed in an

agreed response.

Therefore, we can conclude that the greatest number of the respondents are not

sure if they still support notable personalities even if they have done or said something

offensive and inappropriate or they are easily offended by social issues. However,

they agree that they became more cautious to speak up about their opinions on Social

Media; and strongly agree that they do not shut opinions they disagree with instead

they engage with it and gain knowledge from it.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 52

Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture

as influenced by its Social Impacts
Table 8
Obtained Frequency and Weighted Mean of Socio-Cultural Perspectives
on Cancel Culture as influenced by its Social Impacts to the Respondents
Socio-Cultural Perspectives on f
Cancel Culture as influenced by
its Social Impacts to the 1 2 3 4 5 W VI Rank
Respondents

Cancelling someone boosts the

feeling of moral superiority and self-
54 75 98 35 27 2.67 Undecided 1
righteousness to the one who is
doing the cancelling.

Cancel culture has been incredibly

effective at combating sexism,
60 86 92 36 15 2.52 Undecided 2
racism, or any other type of abuse
or harmful wrongdoing to others.

Cancel culture for some people is

just jumping to the bandwagon of
93 99 70 21 6 2.13 Agree 4
'cancelling', not actually giving
much thought about the issue itself.

At its core, cancel culture is

nothing more than a breeding
79 92 85 27 6 2.27 Agree 3
ground for toxicity that hides behind
a façade of moral righteousness.

G 2.40 Undecided
Legend: f = frequency W = Weighted Mean VI = Verbal Interpretation G = Grand Mean

Next, Table 8 reveals the Social Impacts of Cancel Culture on the Socio-Cultural

Perspectives of the Respondents. With regards to Cancel Culture’s Impacts, we have

four affirmations in order to assert respondents’ socio-cultural perspectives on cancel

culture. Originating from the affirmation, “Cancelling someone boosts the feeling of

moral superiority and self-righteousness to the one who is doing the cancelling,” the

bulk of respondents, notably a sum total of 98, as well as a weighted mean of 2.67

that ensue in an undecided response.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 53

Whereas, deriving from the affirmation, “Cancel culture has been incredibly effective

at combating sexism, racism, or any other type of abuse or harmful wrongdoing to

others,” the greatest in degree of the respondents, markedly the entirety of 92, along

with a weighted mean of 2.52, that emerge in an undecided response. Having said

that, for the affirmation, “Cancel culture for some people is just jumping to the

bandwagon of ‘cancelling', not actually giving much thought about the issue itself,” a

large part of the respondents, especially a sum of 99, in company with a weighted

mean of 2.13, emanate in an agreed response. On the flip side, of the affirmation, “At

its core, cancel culture is nothing more than a breeding ground for toxicity that hides

behind a facade of moral righteousness,” a great number of respondents, particularly

a comprehensive total of 92, accompanied by a weighted mean of 2.27, which

produced an agreed response.

Thus, we can infer that most of the respondents are not certain if cancelling

someone would boost their moral superiority and self-righteousness. Also, if cancel

culture has been effective in terms of fighting discrimination to others. Meanwhile, they

agree that some people are just jumping to the bandwagon of cancelling without giving

it a second thought and it is just a breeding ground for toxicity.

In totality, we can come to an end that nearly all of the 289 respondents do not

have confidence on the impacts of cancel culture in their socio-cultural perspectives.

This is due to the fact that the statement, “I still support and follow my favorite notable

personalities even though they have said and done something inappropriate and

offensive,” ranked first which resulted in an undecided response.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 54

On the other hand, the statement, “I am willing to engage with someone who has a

different opinion to gain more knowledge and learn from it instead of shutting opinions

I disagree with,” ranked last among all the statements and outturn in a strongly agreed

response. This proves that the undecided responses have a greater weighted mean

than the agreed and strongly agreed responses. To expound, they are not clear if they

still support personalities that did something wrong, they are easily offended by social

issues, their feeling of moral superiority and self-righteousness is boosted by

cancelling someone, and it has been effective at fighting discriminations. In addition,

as said above that they strongly agree with the statement that ranked first; and agreed

that they became more cautious to speak up about their opinions on social media,

cancel culture is a breeding ground for toxicity, and it is a bandwagon that people jump

into without thinking. Lastly, the grand mean of all the statements from Personal and

Social Impacts is 2.48 that elicit an undecided response.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 55

Differences in Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture with respect to

Gender, Grade Level, Strand, Average Time of Social Media Usage, and Social
Media App Used

The following tables present the results of testing the hypothesis researchers

made at the start of the study. It was a null hypothesis saying that “There is no

significant difference in the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture gathered

among the respondents when their profile is considered.” Statements in the survey

that is ought to determine the Socio-cultural perspectives of the respondents in Cancel

Culture is subjected to each of their Profile.

Table 9
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Nature with respect to Gender
Nature t df p-value α Decision Remark
1. I have heard of the term
2.658 287 .008 0.05 Reject H₀ Significant
"Cancel Culture" before.
2. I know what the term "Cancel
2.717 287 .007 0.05 Reject H₀ Significant
culture" means.
3. I've probably done it without
-.633 287 .527 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
knowing it.
4. Cancel culture is a powerful
tool that can be used to hold 2.106 287 .036 0.05 Reject H₀ Significant
public accountability.
5. Cancel Culture is an
intriguing phenomenon that
makes people wonder how it
2.645 287 .009 0.05 Reject H₀ Significant
works; by what means, extent,
what do they cancel and why is
it on trend today.
6. Cancel culture makes the
borderline between genuinely
offensive speech or actions 1.829 287 .068 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and merely innocent mistakes
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
cancels other people's rights .227 287 .821 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and seems as if it's a form of
cyber bullying.
8. Social media is overrun by
.619 287 .536 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Cancel culture.
9. Social media is seen as a
powerful tool to expose
wrongdoing or even crimes, the
acts of calling out and 1.620 287 .106 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
canceling may be ineffective
ways to hold a person
accountable.
10. Ending someone's career,
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
cancels other people's rights .227 287 .821 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and seems as if it's a form of
cyber bullying.
8.RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL
Social media is overrun by UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 56
.619 287 .536 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Cancel culture.
9. Social media is seen as a
powerful tool to expose
wrongdoing or even crimes, the
acts of calling out and 1.620 287 .106 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
canceling may be ineffective
ways to hold a person
accountable.
10. Ending someone's career,
like for some celebrities,
through the power of public
.188 287 .851 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
backlash or culture of
cancelling, is easier said than
done.
11. Celebrities, successful
artists, and other too-big-to-fail
-.840 287 .401 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
types can survive a
cancellation.
12. Cancel Culture is often
associated with liberals instead .114 287 .910 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
of conservatives.
13. Cancel culture and political
correctness will not take us into
a progressive age of
inclusiveness; they will take us -1.323 287 .187 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
back to the age of domination
and conflict.

Table 9 conveys the results of the researchers’ hypothesis testing regarding

differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its

nature with respect to gender. The researchers have thirteen affirmations. From the

affirmation “I have heard of the term “Cancel culture” before” with a p-value of .008,

which they rejected the null hypothesis; thus, it is significant. The same with other

affirmations such as: “I know what the term “Cancel culture” means” which the p-value

is .007; “Cancel culture is a powerful tool that can be used to hold Public

accountability” which the p-value is .036. Lastly, “Cancel culture is an intriguing

phenomenon that makes people wonder how it works; by what means, extent, what

do they cancel and why is it on trend Today.” With .009 of p-value.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 57

On the other hand, the remaining affirmations are then remarked as not significant

since they failed to reject the null hypothesis and these include: "I've probably done it

without knowing it." With a p-value of .527; "Cancel culture makes the borderline

between genuinely offensive speech or actions and merely innocent mistakes

indistinguishable." With a p-value of .068; " Cancel Culture sees itself as a form of

right to cancel but it cancels other people's rights and seems as if it's a form of cyber

bullying" with a p-value of .821; " Social media is overrun by Cancel culture." With a

p-value of .536; “Social media is seen as a powerful tool to expose wrongdoing or

even crimes, the acts of calling out and canceling may be ineffective ways to hold a

person accountable.' with a p-value of .106; " Ending someone's career, like for some

celebrities, through the power of public backlash or culture of cancelling, is easier said

than done.' having a p-value of .851; "Celebrities, successful artists, and other too-

big-to-fail types can survive a cancellation." That has a p-value of .401; " Cancel

Culture is often associated with liberals instead of conservatives." Which the p-value

is .910 and lastly " Cancel culture and political correctness will not take us into a

progressive age of inclusiveness; they will take us back to the age of domination and

conflict." With a p-value of .187.

Four of the affirmations that rejected the null hypothesis, therefore had a

significant regarding in differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture

as influenced by its nature with respect to gender. While the remaining nine

affirmations are not significant since they failed to reject the null hypothesis.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 58

Table 10
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Gender
Personal Impacts t df p-value α Decision Remark
14. I am willing to engage with
someone who has a different
opinion to gain more knowledge
and learn from it instead of 2.857 287 .005 0.05 Reject H₀ Significant
shutting opinions I disagree
with.
15. I still support and follow my
favorite notable personalities
even though they said and
done something inappropriate -1.631 287 .104 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and offensive.

16. I am easily offended of

social issues may it be
.806 287 .421 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
discrimination, politics, religion
and the like.
17. Due to this existing
phenomenon, I became more
3.206 287 .001 0.05 Reject H₀ Significant
cautious to speak up about my
opinions on social media.

Table 10 conveys the results of the researchers' hypothesis testing regarding

differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its

personal impacts with respect to gender. With regards to personal impacts, we have

four affirmations. From the affirmation, " I am willing to engage with someone who has

a different opinion to gain more knowledge and learn from it instead of shutting

opinions I disagree with," with a p-value of .005, which remarked as significant since

they rejected the null hypothesis, the same with the affirmation, "Due to this existing

phenomenon, I became more cautious to speak up about my opinions on social

media," which has a p-value of .001. On the other hand, coming from the affirmations

"I still support and follow my favorite notable personalities even though they said and
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 59

done something inappropriate and offensive," with a p-value of .104 and “I am easily

offended of social issues may it be discrimination, politics, religion and the like," with

a p-value of .421, which remarked as not significant since they fail to reject the null

hypothesis.

Two of the affirmations that rejected the null hypothesis, therefore had a significant

regarding in differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as

influenced by its personal impacts with respect to gender. While the remaining two

affirmations are not significant since they failed to reject the null hypothesis.

Table 11
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Gender
Social Impacts t df p-value α Decision Remark
18. Cancelling someone boosts
the feeling of moral superiority
and self-righteousness to the -.403 287 .687 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
one who is doing the
cancelling.
19. Cancel culture has been
incredibly effective at
combating sexism, racism, or 1.335 287 .183 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
any other type of abuse or
harmful wrongdoing to others.
20.Cancel culture for some
people is just jumping to the
bandwagon of 'cancelling', not 2.651 287 .008 0.05 Reject H₀ Significant
actually giving much thought
about the issue itself.
21. At its core, cancel culture is
nothing more than a breeding
ground for toxicity that hides .826 287 .410 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
behind a facade of moral
righteousness.

Table 11 conveys the results of the researchers' hypothesis testing regarding

differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its

social impacts with respect to gender. The researchers have four affirmations with
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 60

regard to social impacts. For the affirmation " Cancelling someone boosts the feeling

of moral superiority and self-righteousness to the one who is doing the cancelling,"

with a p-value of .687, which remarked as not significant since they fail to reject the

null hypothesis. The same with the two other affirmations which are " Cancel culture

has been incredibly effective at combating sexism, racism, or any other type of abuse

or harmful wrongdoing to others," with a p-value of .183 and “At its core, cancel culture

is nothing more than a breeding ground for toxicity that hides behind a facade of moral

righteousness," with a p-value of .410. While from the affirmation " Cancel culture for

some people is just jumping to the bandwagon of 'cancelling', not actually giving much

thought about the issue itself," with a p-value of .008, which is remarked as significant

because they reject the null hypothesis.

One of the affirmations that reject the null hypothesis, therefore has a significant

regarding in differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as

influenced by social impacts with respect to gender. While the remaining three

affirmations are not significant since they failed to reject the null hypothesis.

Table 12
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Nature Impacts with respect to Grade Level
Nature t df p-value α Decision Remark
1. I have heard of the term
.932 287 .352 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
"Cancel Culture" before.
2. I know what the term "Cancel
1.672 287 .096 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
culture" means.
3. I've probably done it without
-1.438 287 .152 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
knowing it.
4. Cancel culture is a powerful
tool that can be used to hold .154 287 .878 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
public accountability.
5. Cancel Culture is an
intriguing phenomenon that
makes people wonder how it
-.071 287 .943 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
works; by what means, extent,
what do they cancel and why is
it on trend today.
6. Cancel culture makes the
borderline between genuinely
 "Cancel Culture" before.
2. I know what the term "Cancel
1.672 287 .096 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
culture" means.
3. I've probably done it without
-1.438 287 .152 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
knowing it.
4. Cancel culture is a powerful
RIZAL
tool TECHNOLOGICAL
that can be used to hold UNIVERSITY
.154 287 SENIOR
.878 HIGH0.05
SCHOOL-Pasig
Fail to Reject City Campus
H₀ Not PAGE
Significant 61
public accountability.
5. Cancel Culture is an
intriguing phenomenon that
makes people wonder how it
-.071 287 .943 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
works; by what means, extent,
what do they cancel and why is
it on trend today.
6. Cancel culture makes the
borderline between genuinely
offensive speech or actions -.101 287 .920 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and merely innocent mistakes
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
cancels other people's rights -.148 287 .882 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and seems as if it's a form of
cyber bullying.
8. Social media is overrun by
-.745 287 .457 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Cancel culture.
9. Social media is seen as a
powerful tool to expose
wrongdoing or even crimes, the
acts of calling out and -.802 287 .423 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
canceling may be ineffective
ways to hold a person
accountable.
10. Ending someone's career,
like for some celebrities,
through the power of public
.067 287 .946 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
backlash or culture of
cancelling, is easier said than
done.
11. Celebrities, successful
artists, and other too-big-to-fail
.544 287 .587 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
types can survive a
cancellation.
12. Cancel Culture is often
associated with liberals instead -.313 287 .755 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
of conservatives.
13. Cancel culture and political
correctness will not take us into
a progressive age of
-.763 287 .446 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
inclusiveness; they will take us
back to the age of domination
and conflict.

Table 12 conveys the results of the researchers' hypothesis testing regarding

differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by

nature with respect to grade level. The researchers have thirteen affirmations.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 62

All of those affirmations are then remarked as not significant since they failed to reject

the null hypothesis. Those affirmations are: “I have heard of the term “Cancel culture”

before” with a p-value of .352; “I know what the term “Cancel culture” means” which

the p-value is .096; "I've probably done it without knowing it" with a p-value of .152;

“Cancel culture is a powerful tool that can be used to hold public accountability” which

the p-value is .878; “Cancel culture is an intriguing phenomenon that makes people

wonder how it works; by what means, extent, what do they cancel and why is it on

trend today” with .943 of p-value; "Cancel culture makes the borderline between

genuinely offensive speech or actions and merely innocent mistakes

indistinguishable" with a p-value of .920; "Cancel Culture sees itself as a form of right

to cancel but it cancels other people's rights and seems as if it's a form of cyber

bullying" with a p-value of .882; “Social media is overrun by Cancel culture" with a p-

value of .457; ”Social media is seen as a powerful tool to expose wrongdoing or even

crimes, the acts of calling out and canceling may be ineffective ways to hold a person

accountable'” with a p-value of .423; "Ending someone's career, like for some

celebrities, through the power of public backlash or culture of cancelling, is easier said

than done” having a p-value of .946; "Celebrities, successful artists, and other too-big-

to-fail types can survive a cancellation," that has a p-value of .587; "Cancel Culture is

often associated with liberals instead of conservatives" which the p-value is .755; and

lastly, "Cancel culture and political correctness will not take us into a progressive age

of inclusiveness; they will take us back to the age of domination and conflict" with a p-

value of .446.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 63

Therefore, all of them are remarked as not significant with regards to differences

on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by nature with

respect to grade level since they failed to reject the null hypothesis.
Table 13
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Grade Level
Personal Impacts t df p-value α Decision Remark
14. I am willing to engage with
someone who has a different
opinion to gain more knowledge
-1.141 287 .255 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and learn from it instead of
shutting opinions I disagree
with.
15. I still support and follow my
favorite notable personalities
even though they said and 2.733 287 .007 0.05 Reject H₀ Significant
done something inappropriate
and offensive.
16. I am easily offended of
social issues may it be
.288 287 .774 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
discrimination, politics, religion
and the like.
17. Due to this existing
phenomenon, I became more
-.863 287 .389 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
cautious to speak up about my
opinions on social media.

Table 13 conveys the results of the researchers' hypothesis testing regarding

differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by

personal impacts with respect to grade level. With regards to personal impacts, we

have four affirmations. From the affirmation, "I still support and follow my favorite

notable personalities even though they said and done something inappropriate and

offensive" with a p-value of .007, which remarked as significant since it rejects the null

hypothesis. On the other hand, the remaining three affirmations are then remarked as

not significant since they failed to reject the null hypothesis.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 64

These affirmations are: "I am willing to engage with someone who has a different

opinion to gain more knowledge and learn from it instead of shutting opinions I

disagree with" with a p-value of .255;

"I am easily offended of social issues may it be discrimination, politics, religion and

the like" with a p-value of .774; and "Due to this existing phenomenon, I became more

cautious to speak up about my opinions on social media" with a p-value of .389.

Therefore, only one of the affirmations remarked as significant since it rejected

the null hypothesis. While the remaining three affirmations are not significant with

regards to differences on the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as

influenced by personal impacts with respect to grade level because they failed to reject

the null hypothesis.

Table 14
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Grade Level
Social Impacts t df p-value α Decision Remark
18. Cancelling someone boosts
the feeling of moral superiority
and self-righteousness to the -.637 287 .525 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
one who is doing the
cancelling.
19. Cancel culture has been
incredibly effective at
combating sexism, racism, or -.252 287 .802 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
any other type of abuse or
harmful wrongdoing to others.
20.Cancel culture for some
people is just jumping to the
bandwagon of 'cancelling', not -1.660 287 .098 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
actually giving much thought
about the issue itself.
21. At its core, cancel culture is
nothing more than a breeding
ground for toxicity that hides -1.813 287 .071 0.05 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
behind a facade of moral
righteousness.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 65

Table 14 presents the results with regards to our hypothesis testing the

differences in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by Social

impacts with respect to grade level. All four (4) affirmations failed to reject the null

hypothesis; hence, they are not significant. These statements include: "Cancelling

boosts the feeling of moral superiority and self-righteousness to the one who is doing

the cancelling." with a p-value of .525; "Cancel culture has been effective at combating

sexism, racism or any other type of abuse or harmful wrongdoings to others." with a

p-value of 0.802; “Cancel culture for some people is just jumping to the bandwagon of

cancelling, not actually giving much thought about the issue itself.” with a p-value of

.098; and “At its core, cancel culture is nothing more than breeding ground of toxicity

that hides behind a facade of moral righteousness” with a p-value of .071. There are

no significant differences in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as

influenced by Social impacts with respect to grade level.

Table 15
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Nature with respect to Strand
Mean
Nature df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
1. I have heard of the term
6 2.610 1.486 .183 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
"Cancel Culture" before.
2. I know what the term "Cancel
6 2.890 1.579 .153 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
culture" means.
3. I've probably done it without
6 1.420 1.080 .374 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
knowing it.
4. Cancel culture is a powerful
tool that can be used to hold 6 .707 .615 .718 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
public accountability.
5. Cancel Culture is an
intriguing phenomenon that
makes people wonder how it
6 1.927 2.274 .037 Reject H₀ Significant
works; by what means, extent,
what do they cancel and why is
it on trend today.
6. Cancel culture makes the
borderline between genuinely
offensive speech or actions 6 .457 .475 .827 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and merely innocent mistakes
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
tool that can be used to hold 6 .707 .615 .718 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
public accountability.
5. Cancel Culture is an
intriguing phenomenon that
makes people wonder how it
6 1.927 2.274 .037 Reject H₀ Significant
works; by what means, extent,
RIZAL
what TECHNOLOGICAL
do they cancel and why is UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 66
it on trend today.
6. Cancel culture makes the
borderline between genuinely
offensive speech or actions 6 .457 .475 .827 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and merely innocent mistakes
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
cancels other people's rights 6 1.508 1.421 .206 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and seems as if it's a form of
cyber bullying.
8. Social media is overrun by
6 2.306 2.041 .060 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Cancel culture.
9. Social media is seen as a
powerful tool to expose
wrongdoing or even crimes, the
acts of calling out and 6 3.827 3.564 .002 Reject H₀ Significant
canceling may be ineffective
ways to hold a person
accountable.
10. Ending someone's career,
like for some celebrities,
through the power of public
6 1.547 1.381 .222 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
backlash or culture of
cancelling, is easier said than
done.
11. Celebrities, successful
artists, and other too-big-to-fail
6 .841 .702 .648 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
types can survive a
cancellation.
12. Cancel Culture is often
associated with liberals instead 6 1.159 1.434 .202 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
of conservatives.
13. Cancel culture and political
correctness will not take us into
a progressive age of
6 .998 .957 .455 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
inclusiveness; they will take us
back to the age of domination
and conflict.

Table 15 presents the results with regards to our hypothesis testing regarding the

differences in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its Nature

with respect to Strand. The statements: “I have heard of the term cancel culture

before” with a p-value of .183, “I know what the term cancel culture means” with a p-

value of .153; “I’ve probably done it without knowing” with a p-value of .374; “Cancel
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 67

culture is a powerful tool that can be used to hold public accountability.” with a p-value

of .718; “Cancel culture makes the borderline between genuinely offensive speech or

actions and merely innocent mistakes indistinguishable.” with a p-value of .827;

“Cancel Culture sees itself as a form of right to cancel but it cancels other people's

rights and seems as if it's a form of cyber bullying.” with a p-value of .206; “Social

media is overrun by Cancel culture.” with a p-value of .060; “Ending someone’s career,

like for some celebrities, through the power of public backlash or culture of cancelling,

is easier said than done.” with a p-value of .222; “Celebrities, successful artists, and

other too-big-to-fail types can survive a cancellation.” with p-value of .648; “Cancel

Culture is often associated with liberals instead of conservatives.” with a p-value of

.202; and “Cancel culture and political correctness will not take us into a progressive

age of inclusiveness; they will take us back to the age of domination and conflict.” with

a p-value of .455. These affirmations failed to reject the null hypothesis.

With these statements, there is therefore no significant difference in social-cultural

perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its Nature with respect to Strand.

Other affirmations including “Cancel Culture is an intriguing phenomenon that makes

people wonder how it works; by what means, extent, what do they cancel and why is

it on trend today.” with a p-value of .037, and “Social media is seen as a powerful tool

to expose wrongdoing or even crimes, the acts of calling out and canceling may be

ineffective ways to hold a person accountable” with a p-value of .002 are then

remarked as significant since they successfully reject the null hypothesis.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 68

Table 16
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Strand
Mean
Personal Impacts df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
14. I am willing to engage with
someone who has a different
opinion to gain more knowledge
6 3.032 2.697 .015 Reject H₀ Significant
and learn from it instead of
shutting opinions I disagree
with.
15. I still support and follow my
favorite notable personalities
even though they said and 6 .960 .722 .632 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Signifcant
done something inappropriate
and offensive.
16. I am easily offended of
social issues may it be
6 2.140 1.671 .128 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Signifcant
discrimination, politics, religion
and the like.
17. Due to this existing
phenomenon, I became more
6 2.764 2.212 .042 Reject H₀ Significant
cautious to speak up about my
opinions on social media.

Table 16 presents the results with regards to our hypothesis testing regarding the

differences in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by Personal

Impacts with respect to Strand. The affirmations, “I still support and follow my favorite

notable personalities even though they said and done something inappropriate and

offensive” with a p-value of .632 and “I am easily offended of social issues may it be

discrimination, politics, religion and the like.” with a p-value of .128, both failed to reject

the null hypothesis therefore there is no significant difference in social-cultural

perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by Personal Impacts with respect to

Strand.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 69

While the affirmations: “I am willing to engage with someone who has a different

opinion to gain more knowledge and learn from it instead of shutting opinions I

disagree with” with a p-value of .015, and “Due to this existing phenomenon, I became

more cautious to speak up about my opinions on social media” with a p-value of .042,

both successfully rejected the null hypothesis thus they are significant.

Table 17
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Strand
Mean
Social Impacts df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
18. Cancelling someone boosts
the feeling of moral superiority
and self-righteousness to the 6 2.471 1.794 .100 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
one who is doing the
cancelling.
19. Cancel culture has been
incredibly effective at
combating sexism, racism, or 6 .811 .655 .686 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
any other type of abuse or
harmful wrongdoing to others.
20.Cancel culture for some
people is just jumping to the
bandwagon of 'cancelling', not 6 3.875 4.002 .001 Reject H₀ Significant
actually giving much thought
about the issue itself.
21. At its core, cancel culture is
nothing more than a breeding
ground for toxicity that hides 6 1.470 1.400 .214 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
behind a facade of moral
righteousness.

Table 17 presents the results with regards to our hypothesis testing regarding the

differences in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by Social

Impacts with respect to Strand. The affirmations: “Cancelling someone boosts the

feeling of moral superiority and self-righteousness to the one who is doing the

cancelling” with a p-value of .100; “Cancel culture has been effective at combating
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 70

sexism, racism or any other type of abuse or harmful wrongdoings to others.” with a

p-value of .686; and “At its core, cancel culture is nothing more than a breeding ground

of toxicity that hides behind a facade of moral righteousness.” with a p-value of .214,

all failed to reject the null hypothesis, we can interpret that there is no significant

difference in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by Social

Impacts with respect to Strand.

While the statement “Cancel culture for some people is just jumping to the

bandwagon of cancelling, not actually giving much thought about the issue itself.” with

a p-value of .001 had successfully reject the null hypothesis hence it’s significant.
Table 18
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Nature with respect to Average Time of Social Media Usage
Mean
Nature df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
1. I have heard of the term
2 3.014 1.708 .183 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
"Cancel Culture" before.
2. I know what the term "Cancel
2 5.589 3.061 .048 Reject H₀ Significant
culture" means.
3. I've probably done it without
2 .114 .086 .918 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
knowing it.
4. Cancel culture is a powerful
tool that can be used to hold 2 1.969 1.737 .178 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
public accountability.
5. Cancel Culture is an
intriguing phenomenon that
makes people wonder how it
2 1.996 2.316 .101 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
works; by what means, extent,
what do they cancel and why is
it on trend today.
6. Cancel culture makes the
borderline between genuinely
offensive speech or actions 2 1.105 1.162 .314 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and merely innocent mistakes
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
cancels other people's rights 2 1.241 1.160 .315 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and seems as if it's a form of
cyber bullying.
8. Social media is overrun by
2 .311 .268 .765 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Cancel culture.
9. Social media is seen as a
powerful tool to expose
wrongdoing or even crimes, the
acts of calling out and 2 2.775 2.479 .086 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
canceling may be ineffective
ways to hold a person
offensive speech or actions 2 1.105 1.162 .314 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and merely innocent mistakes
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
cancels other people's rights 2 1.241 1.160 .315 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
andRIZAL
seemsTECHNOLOGICAL
as if it's a form of UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 71
cyber bullying.
8. Social media is overrun by
2 .311 .268 .765 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Cancel culture.
9. Social media is seen as a
powerful tool to expose
wrongdoing or even crimes, the
acts of calling out and 2 2.775 2.479 .086 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
canceling may be ineffective
ways to hold a person
accountable.
10. Ending someone's career,
like for some celebrities,
through the power of public
2 .599 .528 .590 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
backlash or culture of
cancelling, is easier said than
done.
11. Celebrities, successful
artists, and other too-big-to-fail
2 .874 .733 .482 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
types can survive a
cancellation.
12. Cancel Culture is often
associated with liberals instead 2 .174 .212 .809 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
of conservatives.
13. Cancel culture and political
correctness will not take us into
a progressive age of
2 .807 .773 .463 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
inclusiveness; they will take us
back to the age of domination
and conflict.

Table 18 presents the results with regards to our hypothesis testing regarding the

differences in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its Nature

with respect to Average Time of Social Media Usage. The affirmations: “I have heard

of the term cancel culture before” with a p-value of .183; “I’ve probably done it without

knowing” with a p-value of .918; “Cancel culture is a powerful tool that can be used to

hold public accountability.” with a p-value of .178; “Cancel Culture is an intriguing

phenomenon that makes people wonder how it works; by what means, extent, what

do they cancel and why is it on trend today.” with a p-value of .101; “Cancel culture

makes the borderline between genuinely offensive speech or actions and merely
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 72

innocent mistakes indistinguishable.” with a p-value of .314; “Cancel Culture sees

itself as a form of right to cancel but it cancels other people's rights and seems as if

it's a form of cyber bullying.” with a p-value of .315; “Social media is overrun by Cancel

culture.” with a p-value of .765; “Social media is seen as a powerful tool to expose

wrongdoing or even crimes, the acts of calling out and canceling may be ineffective

ways to hold a person accountable” with a p-value of .086; “Ending someone’s career,

like for some celebrities, through the power of public backlash or culture of cancelling,

is easier said than done.” with a p-value of .590; “Celebrities, successful artists, and

other too-big-to-fail types can survive a cancellation.” with p-value of .482; “Cancel

Culture is often associated with liberals instead of conservatives.” with a p-value of

.809; and lastly, “Cancel culture and political correctness will not take us into a

progressive age of inclusiveness; they will take us back to the age of domination and

conflict.” with a p-value of .463, all failed to reject the null hypothesis consequently

there is no significant difference in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as

influenced by its Nature with respect to Average Time of Social Media Usage.

While the statement; “I know what the term cancel culture means.” with a p-value

of .048 had successfully rejected the null hypothesis therefore it is significant.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 73

Table 19
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as influenced by
its Personal Impacts with respect to Average Time of Social Media Usage
Mean
Personal Impacts df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
14. I am willing to engage with
someone who has a different
opinion to gain more knowledge
2 .916 .785 .457 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and learn from it instead of
shutting opinions I disagree
with.
15. I still support and follow my
favorite notable personalities
even though they said and 2 2.293 1.744 .177 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
done something inappropriate
and offensive.
16. I am easily offended of
social issues may it be
2 .147 .112 .894 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
discrimination, politics, religion
and the like.
17. Due to this existing
phenomenon, I became more
2 3.089 2.436 .089 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
cautious to speak up about my
opinions on social media.

Table 19 presents the results with regards to the hypothesis testing the differences

in social-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by personal impacts

with respect to average time of social media usage. All four statements failed to reject

the null hypothesis; hence, they are not significant. These affirmations are the

following: (a.) “I am willing to engage with someone who has a different opinion to gain

more knowledge and learn from it instead of shutting opinions I disagree with.” with a

mean square of .916, significance level of .785, and p-value of .457; (b.) “I still support

and follow my favorite notable personalities even though they said and done

something inappropriate and offensive.” with a mean square of 2.293, significance

level of 1.744, and p-value of .177; (c.) “I am easily offended of social issues may it

be discrimination, politics, religion, and the like.” with a mean square of .147,
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 74

significance level of .112, and p-value of .894; and (d.) “Due to this existing

phenomenon, I became more cautious to speak up about my opinions on social

media.” with a mean square of 3.089, significance level of 2.436, and .089. Moreover,

all of them have a degree of freedom of two.

Table 20
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture as influenced by
its Social Impacts with respect to Average Time of Social Media Usage
Mean
Social Impacts df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
18. Cancelling someone boosts
the feeling of moral superiority
and self-righteousness to the 2 1.585 1.132 .324 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
one who is doing the
cancelling.
19. Cancel culture has been
incredibly effective at
combating sexism, racism, or 2 1.496 1.218 .297 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
any other type of abuse or
harmful wrongdoing to others.
20.Cancel culture for some
people is just jumping to the
bandwagon of 'cancelling', not 2 .421 .407 .666 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
actually giving much thought
about the issue itself.
21. At its core, cancel culture is
nothing more than a breeding
ground for toxicity that hides 2 1.297 1.227 .295 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
behind a facade of moral
righteousness.

Table 20 shows the outturn with contemplation to the hypothesis examining the

differences in the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its

social impacts with respect to average time of social media usage. Each of the

presentation failed to reject the null hypothesis; therefore, they are not significant.

These utterances are as follows: (a.) “Cancelling someone boosts the feeling of moral

superiority and self-righteousness to the one who is doing the cancelling.” with a mean
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 75

square of 1.585, significance level of 1.132, and p-value of .324; (b.) “Cancel culture

has been incredibly effective at combating sexism, racism, or any other type of abuse

or harmful wrongdoing to others.” with a mean square of 1.496, significance level of

1.218, and p-value of .297; (c.) “Cancel culture for some people is just jumping to the

bandwagon of ‘cancelling’, not actually giving much thought about the issue itself.”

with a mean square of .421, significance level of .407, and p-value of .666; and (d.)

“At its core, cancel culture is nothing more than a breeding ground for toxicity that

hides behind a façade of moral righteousness.” with a mean square of 1.297,

significance level of 1.227, and p-value of .295. Furthermore, every single one of them

possess a degree of freedom of two.

Table 21
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Nature with respect to Used Social Media App
Mean
Nature df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
1. I have heard of the term
3 9.736 5.763 .001 Reject H₀ Significant
"Cancel Culture" before.
2. I know what the term "Cancel
3 11.375 6.492 .000 Reject H₀ Significant
culture" means.
3. I've probably done it without
3 1.437 1.093 .352 Fail to Reject H₀ Significant
knowing it.
4. Cancel culture is a powerful
tool that can be used to hold 3 .789 .691 .558 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
public accountability.
5. Cancel Culture is an
intriguing phenomenon that
makes people wonder how it
3 1.963 2.287 .079 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
works; by what means, extent,
what do they cancel and why is
it on trend today.
6. Cancel culture makes the
borderline between genuinely
offensive speech or actions 3 .383 .400 .753 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and merely innocent mistakes
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
cancels other people's rights 3 4.509 4.358 .005 Reject H₀ Significant
and seems as if it's a form of
cyber bullying.
8. Social media is overrun by
3 2.062 1.801 .147
Cancel culture. Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
9. Social media is seen as a
powerful tool to expose
works; by what means, extent,
what do they cancel and why is
it on trend today.
6. Cancel culture makes the
borderline between genuinely
offensive speech or actions 3 .383 .400 .753 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
andRIZAL
merelyTECHNOLOGICAL
innocent mistakes UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 76
indistinguishable.
7. Cancel Culture sees itself as
a form of right to cancel but it
cancels other people's rights 3 4.509 4.358 .005 Reject H₀ Significant
and seems as if it's a form of
cyber bullying.
8. Social media is overrun by
3 2.062 1.801 .147
Cancel culture. Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
9. Social media is seen as a
powerful tool to expose
wrongdoing or even crimes, the
acts of calling out and 3 .577 .507 .678 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
canceling may be ineffective
ways to hold a person
accountable.
10. Ending someone's career,
like for some celebrities,
through the power of public
3 2.901 2.612 .052 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
backlash or culture of
cancelling, is easier said than
done.
11. Celebrities, successful
artists, and other too-big-to-fail
3 3.364 2.880 .036 Reject H₀ Significant
types can survive a
cancellation.
12. Cancel Culture is often
associated with liberals instead 3 1.175 1.448 .229 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
of conservatives.
13. Cancel culture and political
correctness will not take us into
a progressive age of
3 2.574 2.509 .059 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
inclusiveness; they will take us
back to the age of domination
and conflict.

Table 21 puts forward the outcome with consideration to the hypothesis

assessing the differences in the socio-cultural perspective on cancel culture as

influenced by its nature with respect to used social media app.

Basically, there are four assertions that reject the null hypothesis; thus, they

are significant. These are the successive: (a.) “I have heard of the term ‘Cancel

Culture’ before.” with a mean square of 9.736, significance level of 5.763, and p-value

of 0.001; (b.) “I know what the term ‘Cancel culture’ means.” with a mean square of
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 77

11.375, significance level of 6.492, and p-value of .000; (c.) “Cancel culture sees itself

as a form of right to cancel but it cancel other people’s rights and seems as if it’s a

form of cyber bullying.” with a mean square of 4.509, significance level of 4.358, and

p-value of .005; and (d.) “Celebrities, successful artists, and other too-big-to-fail types

can survive a cancellation.” with a mean square of 3.364, significance level of 2.880,

and p-value of .036.

On the flip side, there are nine proclamations which fail to reject the null

hypothesis which means, they are not significant. These are the ensuing: (a.) “I’ve

probably done it without knowing it.” with a mean square of 1.437, significance level

of 1.093, and p-value of .352. (b.) “Cancel culture is a powerful tool that can be used

to hold public accountability” with a mean square of .789, significance level of .691,

and p-value of .558; (c.) “Cancel culture is an intriguing phenomenon that makes

people wonder how it works; by what means, extent, what do they cancel and why is

it on trend today.” with a mean square of 1.963, significance level of 2.287, and p-

value of .079; (d.) “Cancel culture makes the borderline between genuinely offensive

speech or actions and merely innocent mistakes indistinguishable.” with a mean

square of .383, significance level of .400, and p-value of .753; (e.) “Social media is

overrun by cancel culture.” with a mean square of 2.062, significance level of 1.801,

and p-value of .147; (f.) “Social media is seen as a powerful tool to expose wrongdoing

or even crimes, the acts of calling out and cancelling may be ineffective ways to hold

a person accountable.” with a mean square of .577, significance level of .507, and p-

value of .678; (g.) “Ending someone’s career, like for some celebrities, through the
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 78

power of public backlash or culture of cancelling, is easier said than done.” with a

mean square of 2.901, significance level of 2.612, and p-value of .052; (h.) “Cancel

culture is often associated with liberals instead of conservatives.” with a mean square

of 1.175, significance level of 1.448, and p-value of .229; and (i.) “Cancel culture and

political correctness will not take us into a progressive age of inclusiveness, they will

take us back to the age of domination and conflict.” with a mean square of 2.574,

significance level of 2.509, and p-value of .059. By the same token, all of the thirteen

declarations take in a degree of freedom of three.

Table 22
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Personal Impacts with respect to Used Social Media App
Mean
Personal Impacts df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
14. I am willing to engage with
someone who has a different
opinion to gain more knowledge
3 2.679 2.334 .074 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
and learn from it instead of
shutting opinions I disagree
with.
15. I still support and follow my
favorite notable personalities
even though they said and 3 6.190 4.874 .003 Reject H₀ Significant
done something inappropriate
and offensive.
16. I am easily offended of
social issues may it be
3 1.423 1.097 .351 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
discrimination, politics, religion
and the like.
17. Due to this existing
phenomenon, I became more
3 1.150 .897 .443 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
cautious to speak up about my
opinions on social media.

Table 22 unveils the aftermath with look on to the hypothesis exploring the

differences in the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its

personal impacts with respect to used social media app.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 79

Predominantly, there are three articulations which failed to reject the null

hypothesis; consequently, they are not significant. These are the succeeding: (a.) “I

am willing to engage with someone who has a different opinion to gain more

knowledge and learn from it instead of shutting opinions I disagree with.” with a mean

square of .2.679, significance level of 2.334, and p-value of .074; (b.) “I am easily

offended of social issues may it be discrimination, politics, religion, and the like.” with

a mean square of 1.423, significance level of 1.097, and p-value of .351; and (c.) “Due

to this existing phenomenon, I became more cautious to speak up about my opinions

on social media.” with a mean square of 1.150, significance level of .897, and 443.

On the other hand, there is an account that reject the null hypothesis;

accordingly, it is significant. This report states, “I still support and follow my favorite

notable personalities even though they said and done something inappropriate and

offensive.” with a mean square of 6.190, significance level of 4.874, and p-value of

.003. Into the bargain, all of these disclosures express a degree of freedom of three.

Table 23
Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture
as influenced by its Social Impacts with respect to Used Social Media App
Mean
Social Impacts df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
18. Cancelling someone boosts
the feeling of moral superiority
and self-righteousness to the 3 .340 .241 .868 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
one who is doing the
cancelling.
19. Cancel culture has been
incredibly effective at
combating sexism, racism, or 3 .752 .609 .610 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
any other type of abuse or
harmful wrongdoing to others.
20.Cancel culture for some
people is just jumping to the
bandwagon of 'cancelling', not 3 2.740 2.711 .045 Reject H₀ Significant
actually giving much thought
about the issue itself.
21. At its core, cancel culture is
nothing more than a breeding
ground for toxicity that hides 3 1.589 1.509 .212 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
behind a facade of moral
and self-righteousness to the 3 .340 .241 .868 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
one who is doing the
cancelling.
19. Cancel culture has been
incredibly effective at
combating sexism, racism, or 3 .752 .609 .610 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
RIZAL
any TECHNOLOGICAL
other type of abuse or UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 80
harmful wrongdoing to others.
20.Cancel culture for some
people is just jumping to the
bandwagon of 'cancelling', not 3 2.740 2.711 .045 Reject H₀ Significant
actually giving much thought
about the issue itself.
21. At its core, cancel culture is
nothing more than a breeding
ground for toxicity that hides 3 1.589 1.509 .212 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
behind a facade of moral
righteousness.

Table 23 render the ramification with concern to the hypothesis analyzing the

differences in the socio-cultural perspectives on cancel culture as influenced by its

social impacts with respect to used social media app. Primarily, there are three

asseverations which failed to reject the null hypothesis; so, they are not significant. In

connection, these are the supervening: (a.) “Cancelling someone boosts the feeling

of moral superiority and self-righteousness to the one who is doing the cancelling.”

with a mean square of .340, significance level of .241, and p-value of .868; (b.) “Cancel

culture has been incredibly effective at combating sexism, racism, or any other type

of abuse or harmful wrongdoing to others.” with a mean square of .752, significance

level of .609, and p-value of .610; and (c.) “At its core, cancel culture is nothing more

than a breeding ground for toxicity that hides behind a façade of moral righteousness.”

with a mean square of 1.589, significance level of 1.509, and p-value of .212.

Nevertheless, there is an averment which reject the null hypothesis; ergo, it is

significant. This states that, “Cancel culture for some people is just jumping to the

bandwagon of ‘cancelling’, not actually giving much thought about the issue itself.”

with a mean square of .2.740, significance level of 2.711, and p-value of .045. Withal,

all of these revelations obtain a degree of freedom which is three.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 81

Overall Differences in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives

when Respondents' Profile is Considered

Table 24
Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives
on Cancel Culture with respect to Gender
t df p-value Decision Remark
Nature 2.886 287 .004 Reject H₀ Significant
Personal Impact .748 287 .455 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Social Impact 1.646 287 .101 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant

With regards to the gender of the respondents, Table 24 conveys the overall

difference of their socio-cultural perspectives on Cancel Culture, wherein the

perspectives as influenced by its nature is the only factor that rejects the null

hypothesis, with a p-value of .004, which indicates that it is Significant. The aspects

of personal and social impact, however, are Not Significant, where the former has an

overall p-value of .455, while the latter has .101.

Table 25
Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives
on Cancel Culture with respect to Grade Level
t df p-value Decision Remark
Nature .371 287 .711 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Personal Impact -.708 287 .480 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Social Impact -.485 287 .628 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant

Meanwhile, Table 25 shows the overall difference of the respondents’ socio-

cultural perspectives on Cancel Culture in regards of their grade level. The results

show that each factor all fails to reject the null hypothesis, which makes them Not

Significant. It is because the aspect of nature only has a total p-value of .711, while

the aspect of personal impact has .480, while the aspect of social impact has .628.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 82

Table 26
Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives
on Cancel Culture with respect to Strand
Mean
df F Sig. Decision Remark
Square
Nature 6 .685 1.605 .146 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Personal Impact 6 .863 2.014 .064 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Social Impact 6 .760 2.013 .064 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant

For the respondents’ strand, Table 26 indicates the overall difference of their

socio-cultural perspectives on Cancel Culture, and like the previous table, all factors

also fail to reject the null hypothesis, which makes them Not Significant. The aspect

of nature has the overall p-value (or significant probability) of .146, while the aspect of

personal impact has .064, while the aspect of social impact also has .064.

Table 27
Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives
on Cancel Culture with respect to Average Time of Social Media Usage
Mean
df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
Nature 2 .717 1.664 .191 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Personal Impact 2 .081 .183 .833 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant
Social Impact 2 .223 .577 .562 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant

On the other hand, Table 27 shows the overall difference of the respondents’

socio-cultural perspectives on Cancel Culture with respect to their average time of

social media usage, where also all of its factors fail to reject the null hypothesis, which

also makes them Not Significant. The aspect of nature has the total p-value of .191,

while the aspect of personal impact has .833, while the aspect of social impact has

.562.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 83

Table 28
Overall Difference in the Socio-Cultural Perspectives
on Cancel Culture with respect to Used Social Media App
Mean
df F p-value Decision Remark
Square
Nature 3 2.648 6.469 .000 Reject H₀ Significant
Personal Impact 3 1.597 3.753 .011 Reject H₀ Significant
Social Impact 3 .298 .772 .511 Fail to Reject H₀ Not Significant

With respect to the most used social media apps by the respondents, Table 28

conveys the overall difference of their socio-cultural perspectives on Cancel Culture,

wherein the perspectives as influenced by its nature and its personal impact both

reject the null hypothesis, which make them Significant. The aspect of nature has the

overall p-value of .000, and the aspect of personal impact has .011. Meanwhile, the

aspect of social impact is the only factor that doesn’t reject the null hypothesis, which

makes it Not Significant, with a total p-value of .511.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 84

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter summarizes the findings of the study that were presented, analyzed,

and interpreted in the previous chapter. This also includes the conclusions derived

from the findings and the recommendations made by the researchers.

Summary of Findings

This research aims to dig deeper on the awareness and opinions of the

respondents regarding Cancel Culture and will mainly identify their perspectives

socially and culturally regarding of the aforementioned internet phenomenon. In order

to achieve this, the researchers conducted an online Likert survey through Google

Forms, which is focused on the nature of Cancel Culture, and its personal and social

impacts to the respondents. Overall, these are the final results that the researchers

gathered:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following?

1.1. gender

The survey shows that 55.36% out of 289 respondents are females (160

respondents), while the remaining 44.64% of respondents are males (129

respondents).

1.2. grade level and strand

The survey shows that 79.93% out of 289 respondents are Grade 12

students (231 respondents), while the remaining 20.07% of respondents are

Grade 11 students (58 respondents). On the other hand, the results also
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 85

indicate that the strand of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

(STEM) got the highest number of respondents, with 99 or 34.26% of total

respondents.

1.3. average time of social media usage and most used app

The survey shows that 72.66% out of 289 respondents have an average

time consumption of social media usage for 3 hours 1 minute and above (210

respondents). Meanwhile, the results also indicate that 69.20% of respondents

answered Facebook as their most frequently used social media app (200

respondents).

2. To what extent do Cancel Culture influence the socio-cultural perspectives among

the respondents in terms of:

2.1. its nature

Basing on the most popular vote in the Likert scale, 79 out of 289

respondents are undecided on whether they have heard of the term “Cancel

culture” before, and also 79 of them agree that they know what that term

means. While 104 of them are undecided on whether they have probably done

it without knowing it.

108 of the respondents agree that Cancel Culture is a powerful tool that

can be used to hold public accountability; while 122 of them also agree that it

is an intriguing phenomenon that makes them wonder how it works and to what

extent.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 86

On the other hand, 109 respondents agree that Cancel Culture makes

the borderline between genuinely offensive speech or action and merely

innocent mistakes indistinguishable; while 96 of them also agree that it sees

itself as a form of right to cancel but cancels other people’s rights as if it is a

form of cyberbullying.

88 respondents agree that social media is overrun by Cancel Culture,

while 108 of them strongly agree that it is seen as a powerful tool to expose

wrongdoings and even crimes but the act of calling out and cancelling may be

ineffective to hold that person accountable.

Meanwhile, 103 out of 289 respondents are undecided on whether

ending a celebrity’s career through public backlash is easy to say but hard to

actually do; and 103 of them are also undecided regarding if celebrities and

successful artists can survive cancellations.

130 of the respondents are undecided on whether Cancel Culture is

often associated with liberals rather than conservatives; while 107 of them

agree that political correctness and cancel culture will take us back into the age

of dominion and conflict instead of taking us forward into the progressive age

of inclusiveness.

2.2. its personal impact

Basing on the most popular vote on the Likert scale, 144 out of 289

respondents strongly agree that they are willing to engage with someone who

has a different opinion to gain more knowledge and learn from it instead of
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 87

shutting them off. While 105 of them are undecided on whether they will still

support and follow their favorites notable personalities even though they said

or done something inappropriate and offensive. 101 of them are also undecided

regarding if they become easily offended when It comes to social issues like

discrimination, politics, religion, and many more. While 90 of them agree that

Cancel Culture made them more cautious to speak up about their opinions on

social media.

2.3. its social impact

Basing on the most popular vote on the Likert scale, 98 out of 289

respondents are undecided on whether cancelling someone boosts the feeling

of moral superiority and self-righteousness to the one who is doing the

cancelling. While 92 of them are also undecided regarding if it has been

incredibly effective at combating sexism, racism, or any other type of abuse or

wrongdoing to others. 99 of them agree that for some people are just jumping

to the bandwagon of “cancelling” while actually not giving much thought about

the issue itself; and 99 of them also agree that Cancel Culture, at its core, is

nothing more than a breeding ground for toxicity that hides behind a façade of

moral righteousness.

3. Is there a significant difference in the socio-cultural perspectives on Cancel Culture

gathered among the respondents when their profile is considered?

Tables 24 to 28 presents the overall results of the hypothesis testing to

determine whether there is or there is not a significant difference on the soio-

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 88

cultural perspectives on Cancel Culture with respect to the data gathered on the

respondents’ profile: gender, grade level, strand, average time of social media

usage, and used social media app. The results show that there is a significant

difference between the socio-cultural perspectives of the respondents on Cancel

Culture regarding its nature, when their gender and used social media app are

considered. As well as with regards to the personal impacts when respondents’

used social media app is considered. Those two factors are the only demographic

profiles that successfully rejected the null hypothesis of the researchers. However,

on the rest of the profiles in their perspectives on Cancel Culture’s nature, and the

personal and social Impacts to the respondents, all of them failed to reject the null

hypothesis and are deemed insignificant.

Conclusion

With this research, the researchers concluded that:

1. Most of the respondents are female, Grade 12 students, from the Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) strand, that frequently uses

Facebook for an average of 3 hours 1 minute or above.

2. Most of the respondents are undecided if they have heard of Cancel Culture

before; if they have probably done it without knowing it; if cancelling celebrities is

easier said than done; if celebrities can survive cancellations; if Cancel Culture is

often associated with liberals instead of conservatives; if they will still support

celebrities that said or done something inappropriate and offensive; if they become
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 89

easily offended when it comes to social issues like discrimination, politics, religion,

and the like; if cancelling someone boosts the feeling of moral superiority and self-

righteousness to the one who is doing the cancelling; and if it has been incredibly

effective at combating sexism, racism, or any other type of abuse or wrongdoing to

others.

Meanwhile, most of them agree that they know what Cancel Culture means; that

is a powerful tool that can be used to hold public accountability; that it is an intriguing

phenomenon that makes them wonder how it works and to what extent; that Cancel

Culture makes the borderline between genuinely offensive speech or action and

merely innocent mistakes indistinguishable; that it sees itself as a form of right to

cancel but cancels other people’s rights as if it is a form of cyberbullying; that social

media is overrun by Cancel Culture; that political correctness and Cancel Culture

will take us back into the age of dominion and conflict instead of taking us forward

into the progressive age of inclusiveness; that Cancel Culture made them more

cautious to speak up about their opinions on social media; that for some people are

just jumping to the bandwagon of “cancelling” while actually not giving much

thought about the issue itself; and that Cancel Culture, at its core, is nothing more

than a breeding ground for toxicity that hides behind a façade of moral

righteousness.

Finally, most of them strongly agree that Cancel Culture is seen as a powerful

tool to expose wrongdoings and even crimes but the act of calling out and

cancelling may be ineffective to hold that person accountable; and that they are
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 90

willing to engage with someone who has a different opinion to gain more knowledge

and learn from it instead of shutting them off.

3. Overall, there is a significant difference between the socio-cultural perspectives of

the respondents on Cancel Culture only with regards to its nature when their gender

and used social media apps are considered, and to its personal impacts when the

used social media app is considered.

Recommendation

To the future researchers of this topic, as the researchers, they would like to

recommend the enhancement of this study by researching thoroughly for more

information regarding Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Cancel Culture. Also, with the

results of this research, they would also like to recommend some instructions to

achieve better results.

• The researchers recommend longer duration of the survey period, because the

longer time allotted for the survey, the more respondents the researchers could

have. And the more respondents there is to this quantitative research, the

better the results are.

• The researchers recommend to use a better and enhanced research

instrument. Researchers think that a face-to-face survey could be more efficient

because the survey is controlled on paper. With that, researchers can

guarantee that everyone they reach out to would take part, unlike in online

survey they are not sure if everyone would.

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 91

• Due to time and availability constraint, the researchers also recommend to take

time and do further studies and about the topic. Since, this research focuses

on “Cancel Culture,” a recent emerging phenomenon, there wouldn’t be as

much credible references to encounter, so invest a lot of time for the topic and

to also seek help if ever that there are professionals or knowledgeable people

about the topic to reach out to.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 92

REFERENCES
Ballard, J. (2020, July 28). "Most Americans say cancel culture is a big problem" YouGov.
Retrieved from today.yougov.com: https://today.yougov.com/topics/entertainment/articles-
reports/2020/07/28/cancel-culture-yahoo-news-poll-
data?fbclid=IwAR1lrDNm9zRVd7x4WUnWqYRYOLwfnied11mqcshbRgxuM_FKrWjbZ2
pSzOg
Berkowitz, J. (2020, June 30). "What it really means to be ‘canceled’ in 2020" Fast
Company. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/90522694/what-it-really-
means-to-be-canceled-
2020?fbclid=IwAR3hWdAeb5_lugXmFCBlZ5dyenOn6UumBblXOWAM2Ik8lMW
vm0OvnjgKvBg
Brito, C. (2020, August 19). "Cancel culture" seems to have started as an internet joke. Now
it's anything but.” CBS News. Retrieved from cbsnews.com:
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cancel-culture-internet-joke-anything-
but/?fbclid=IwAR1tgQ9DCFfikvuNcTV9hkyWr7FIWCCnplYRAUdt3WklARxudM
U_7HzUahs
Brito, C. (2020, September 25). “Dozens of Christopher Columbus statues have been
removed since June.” CBS News. Retrieved from CBS News:
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/christopher-columbus-statue-removed-
cities/?fbclid=IwAR1KkfQ9U54peTrmz5KpOUQtZsaoIXKu9-
YsxVG4D7Q8L7M_d44J1VMHa74
Bunch, E. (2020, July 23). “The Cancel-Culture Glossary for Canceling, Boycotting, Calling
Out, and Calling In.” Well and Good. Retrieved from © 2020 Well+Good LLC:
https://www.wellandgood.com/cancel-culture-
examples/?fbclid=IwAR2l9GO4xqC2UDeGVwgHxc-
4WisxEJvWJoSoPaB8DrBiTfTu0MLyBYYdcJs
Burnett, J. (2020, October 6). “Confederate Statues Come Down Around U.S., But Not
Everywhere.” NPR. Retrieved from
https://www.npr.org/2020/10/06/919193176/confederate-statues-come-down-around-
u-s-but-not-everywhere?fbclid=IwAR3hxclQew0KoxPpsGRN306wO-
JIREfOTbNIYXFWpjx-nMgEiYDsQY35Lko
Chin, M. (2020, August 7). "The real problem with cancel culture: The online trend that
might be causing more problems than ending them." Buro. Retrieved from
buro247.my: https://www.buro247.my/culture/buro-loves/the-real-problem-with-
cancel-culture-the-online-
tr.html?fbclid=IwAR0cpd2PlMITCN1twiKUCG0zhtc6VgQNPGQD7BTxvP3yAOQ
9k2lkCVgrxas
Community, G. D. (2019, February 19). "Cancel Culture" Urban Dictionary. Retrieved from
1999-2020 Urban Dictionary ®:
https://www.urbandictionary.com/author.php?author=greatdebatecommunity
Dalmia, S. (2020, August 10). "Cancel culture and conservative glass houses" The Week. .
Retrieved from The Week Publications Inc. :
https://theweek.com/articles/928464/cancel-culture-conservative-glass-
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 93

houses?fbclid=IwAR3EJn0bFjkWOI4KjjsJqXdUDH64BkP8M9Hyy5xWMMICMZq
FyIe0pt5TlSg
DeBos, C. (2019, November 8). "The problem with ‘cancel’ culture and why it needs to stop"
The Burn In. . Retrieved from The Burn-In: https://www.theburnin.com/thought-
leadership/problem-with-cancel-culture-why-it-needs-to-stop-2019-11/
Dholakia, U. (2020, July 27). “What Is Cancel Culture?” Psychology Today. Retrieved from
psychologytoday.com: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-science-
behind-behavior/202007/what-is-cancel-
culture?fbclid=IwAR1MlvC2ogoYiuztyWdMJyiEYvJIsCMQ7dAwu9U13DHmEIO
QCDToBvGws8A
Dictionary.com. (2020). “Cancel Culture.” Dictionary.com. Retrieved from © 2020
Dictionary.com, LLC: https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/cancel-
culture/?fbclid=IwAR1lrDNm9zRVd7x4WUnWqYRYOLwfnied11mqcshbRgxuM_
FKrWjbZ2pSzOg
Douthat, R. (2020, July 14). "10 Theses About Cancel Culture" The New York Times.
Retrieved from The New York Times Company:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/opinion/cancel-culture-.html
Edwards, E. (2020). “WHAT HAS NOAM CHOMSKY SAID ABOUT ‘CANCEL CULTURE’?
OPEN LETTER EXPLAINED”. Retrieved from HITC: https://www.hitc.com/en-
gb/2020/07/08/noam-chomsky-cancel-
culture/?fbclid=IwAR0npXNkYTLGrMFtH9OzVyEi5Mbxfir-DtcjDP6Hy6PyMF-
0xcf4mewjock
Fischer, C. (2020, July 27). "Is Is Left Cancel Culture Cancelling Left Culture?" Made in
America. Retrieved from
https://madeinamericathebook.wordpress.com/2020/07/27/is-left-cancel-culture-
cancelling-left-
culture/?fbclid=IwAR1hvuxQXIgIwB0tIqQqULffpnb0F7hNJjB1Xh08VqD2FDir0B
bXj6bKlps
Friedersdorf, C. (2019, March 22). “John Oliver’s Weak Case for Callout Culture.”.
Retrieved from The Atlantic:
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/03/john-oliver-call-out-
culture/585505/?fbclid=IwAR28Opj0UDjNEo73PWzpJmTiejrwRypfusSd_Qtld-
CVb3Zk428NFDQxC4g
Glaser, E. (2019, July 23). "With “cancel culture” political correctness has indeed gone
mad" Prospect. . Retrieved from Prospect Magazine:
https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/life/with-cancel-culture-political-correctness-
has-indeed-gone-mad?fbclid=IwAR2EIOrH2iTQGvLuWcYawDPF-j-
3TY05fYSZvQLtIUTXT4itekMAZoM-TLI
Goldsbrough, S. (2020, July 30). “Cancel culture: what is it, and how did it begin?” The
Telegraph. Retrieved from telegraph.co.uk: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-
to-listen-to/cancel-culture-did-begin/?fbclid=IwAR3abeXSNTc6x9V-
blSjOgEsVL2awqSjAipScDNCUouxW8TtilqBq5c_WP0
Greenspan, R. E. (2020, August 6). “How 'cancel culture' quickly became one of the buzziest
and most controversial ideas on the internet.” Insider. Retrieved from insider.com:
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 94

https://www.insider.com/cancel-culture-meaning-history-origin-phrase-used-
negatively-2020-
7?fbclid=IwAR3ufiUBeCFDtwdmwdsHIiMC3lork1NNABPtbAUyHELB7JBoxucQc
tB-NXY
Hagi, S. (2019, November 21). "Cancel Culture Is Not Real—At Least Not in the Way People
Think" Time. Retrieved from TIME USA, LLC.: https://time.com/5735403/cancel-
culture-is-not-real/?fbclid=IwAR0qATwrSPT8JZTzk-
JsGrC1jeRRBZqIMAEJMiU5DhA1jP7WX1EO6ci5RU0
Harper's Magazine. (2020, July 7). “A Letter on Justice and Open Debate” . Retrieved from
Harper's Magazine Foundation: https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-
debate/?fbclid=IwAR1j52kk-
Ph0gK5zpdFnT2QB5oAbUKvJMaodFjlSD7GMCyZGmHUiGluiOoQ
Henderson, R. (2019, December 1). "5 Reasons Why People Love Cancel Culture"
Psychology Today. Retrieved from Psychology Today Sussex Publishers, LLC:
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/after-service/201912/5-reasons-why-
people-love-cancel-culture
Herzog, K. (2019, September 17). "Cancel Culture: What Exactly Is This Thing?" The
Stranger. Retrieved from The Stranger © Index Newspapers LLC:
https://www.thestranger.com/slog/2019/09/17/41416013/cancel-culture-what-exactly-
is-this-
thing?fbclid=IwAR3ufiUBeCFDtwdmwdsHIiMC3lork1NNABPtbAUyHELB7JBoxu
cQctB-NXY
Limos, M. A. (2020, September 9). “What Is Cancel Culture?” Esquire Magazine. Retrieved
from esquiremag.ph: https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/opinion/what-is-cancel-
culture-a00293-20200909-lfrm?fbclid=IwAR2GALJD0Suv2I1dorW6hM4yq-
fb92WoWTPz1eerOLB5aBI2TLVHfxAtEMY
Lincoln, R. A., & Owen, P. (2020, August 14). "Bill Maher Says Cancel Culture Is so Out of
Control ‘We’re Gonna Have to Cancel God’.”. Retrieved from The Wrap:
https://www.thewrap.com/bill-maher-says-cancel-culture-is-so-out-of-control-were-
gonna-have-to-cancel-god/
Lobo, P. (2020, October 12). "The Effect of Cancel Culture on Brands" Research World.
Retrieved from Research World: https://www.researchworld.com/the-effect-of-
cancel-culture-on-brands/
Loofbourow, L. (2020, July 12). "Illiberalism Isn’t to Blame for the Death of Good-Faith
Debate" Slate. Retrieved from The Slate Group: https://slate.com/news-and-
politics/2020/07/illiberalism-cancel-culture-free-speech-internet-
ugh.html?fbclid=IwAR2tuoggMDA_NatL1HMM5rEOg3VgfhYlJHBDwTbw4S6bK
xYjePn2KxbzPPs
Lougher, S. (2020, August 7). “Ricky Gervais calls out celebrity cancel culture: ‘Trying to
get someone fired isn’t cool’.”. Retrieved from Metro:
https://metro.co.uk/2020/08/07/ricky-gervais-calls-celebrity-cancel-culture-trying-
get-someone-fired-isnt-cool-13095977/?fbclid=IwAR1-8-
9IsRvS5bTTEXcRvwN6WgdYDq3qB_TT5Le8dzMbk-GbGTi74IpxqiM
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 95

Mahan, L. (2019, August 20). “Youthsplaining: Everything You Need to Know About Cancel
Culture.” Inside Hook. Retrieved from insidehook.com:
https://www.insidehook.com/article/internet/youthsplaining-everything-you-need-to-
know-about-cancel-culture?fbclid=IwAR0-
AtewEbmdZKJKz6fd5WpHb1MmuOWL3t6tnyYndRqwxpLjdv8dK82-a_c
Malik, N. (2020, September 20). “Despite being vilified in the rightwing media, Black Lives
Matter will endure.” The Guardian. Retrieved from Guardian News & Media:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/20/black-lives-matter-
rightwing-media?fbclid=IwAR2c_uOnj7pXjd71b5_2RGpGUI1k54yjbgkjbV-
t8qRE8d540wpK2tFzH3Q
Malik, N., Freedland, J., Williams, Z., & Moyn, S. (2020, July 8). "Is free speech under
threat from 'cancel culture'? Four writers respond" The Guardian. Retrieved from
https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/08/is-free-speech-under-threat-
cancel-culture-writers-
respond?fbclid=IwAR3AgUqZ5w2J8b1KQp8N8zfb6KCjgzQ2c0f3FTali_C66mvaC9
FJzVV6zaM
Manavis, S. (2020, July 16). "Cancel culture does not exist" New Statesman. Retrieved from
https://www.newstatesman.com/science-tech/2020/07/cancel-culture-does-not-
exist?fbclid=IwAR01aZUAgYDv4LZwiQ6AnocqEUCqzr3XDBhPWvqzi_Mpdtk6_
X2AApFaek0
Marie, E. (2019, June 22). “Trevor Noah Discusses The Troubling Effects Of Cancel
Culture.”. Retrieved from HotNewHipHop: https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/trevor-
noah-discusses-the-troubling-effects-of-cancel-culture-
news.83798.html?fbclid=IwAR26SXjJvV1BfcDfXYuhsRQpV4vq6UorxCR7T-
XI1yQwOa_mf1d29Sz-ADY
Mcdermott, J. (2019, November 2). "Those People We Tried to Cancel? They're All Hanging
Out Together." The New York Times. Retrieved from nytimes.com:
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/style/what-is-cancel-
culture.html?fbclid=IwAR3ozSEhtbsg1WiC18-D6CsdhjBczTbABnu-
OZp7v07gEPIiFOeDwP-lUbE
Merriam Webster. (2020, June 18). "What It Means to Get 'Canceled'.” Merriam-Webster.
Retrieved from merriam-webster.com: https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-
play/cancel-culture-words-were-watching
Mintz, S. (2020, August 4). “Diversity of Thought Under Attack by the Cancel Culture.”
Ethic Sage. Retrieved from ethissage.com:
https://www.ethicssage.com/2020/08/diversity-of-thought-under-attack-by-the-
cancel-culture.html?fbclid=IwAR2LQkvtIvxi0LA8Oi8KsVWJ9lBZ_ZZwYh-
qGrkOBj1BcscXrtMdQRH5RT4
Mohdin, A., Adams, R., & Quinn, B. (2020, June 17). “Oxford college backs removal of
Cecil Rhodes statue.” The Guardian. Retrieved from Guardian News & Media:
https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/jun/17/end-of-the-rhodes-cecil-oxford-
college-ditches-controversial-
statue?fbclid=IwAR3GKge96RGQyOuUaDmfMSFQTaHEyRMB4enVTRgu4-
UTB57n5g-2Ydr-Bv0
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 96

Musgrove, B. (2020, July 1). "Cancel Culture Violates Basic Human Rights" Blessing
Musgrove. Retrieved from Medium: https://medium.com/blessing-musgrove/cancel-
culture-violates-basic-human-rights-c6e66b36f1e9
Newsbeat. (2019, August 9). "Taylor Swift: 'Saying you're cancelled is like saying kill
yourself'". Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-
49289430
O'Reilly, S. (2019, February 23). “Cancel Culture.” The Irish Times. Retrieved from
collinsdictionary.com:
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/submission/21377/cancel+culture?fbclid=IwAR0-
AtewEbmdZKJKz6fd5WpHb1MmuOWL3t6tnyYndRqwxpLjdv8dK82-a_c
Pointer, A. (2020, August 2). "'NO COMPASSION' From JK Rowling to Taylor Swift,
women are cancel culture’s biggest victims" The Sun. Retrieved from News Group
Newspapers "The Sun", "Sun", "Sun Online":
https://www.thesun.co.uk/fabulous/12262772/cancel-culture-victims-jk-rowling-
taylor-swift/
Rizvi, R. (2020, September 2). "Rizvi: Cancel culture is nuanced in its impacts" The Daily
Targum. . Retrieved from Targum Publishing Company:
https://dailytargum.com/article/2020/09/rizvi-cancel-culture-is-nuanced-in-its-
impacts?fbclid=IwAR2__gjD8laz0ITsaeHOybO_gLRQhYfKRtk5ajHkF2g5Ik75Mq
EdKBMKRn4
Romano, A. (2020, August 25). "Why we can’t stop fighting about cancel culture" Vox.
Retrieved from © 2020 Vox Media, LLC:
https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/12/30/20879720/what-is-cancel-culture-
explained-history-
debate?fbclid=IwAR03_huEbBEhlkZZGYAGjjni4eRgw_D77e41uMZvGcqfcbE7SI
CdDvjSC30
Rosenfield, K. (2019, October 16). "The Real Problem With Cancel Culture" Tablet
Magazine. Retrieved from Tablet:
https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/real-problem-with-cancel-
culture?fbclid=IwAR3TwsjaahbecfavvzXBbqzY5r6PqSViX5gJrMCJPB28ZGTvKB
BFhBl3x1Y
Rueb, E. S., & Taylor, D. B. (2020, August 10). “Obama on Call-Out Culture: ‘That’s Not
Activism’.”. Retrieved from The New York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/obama-woke-cancel-
culture.html?fbclid=IwAR1W4RjYTnVrU55Cvy7HUZpJPhRpaYsk_mT-
1UaRiWdNlz8cjzmIHnlnra4
Santucci, J. (2020, September 3). “Trump decries 'cancel culture,' but does he participate in
it? He's called for boycotts and punishment for critics.”. Retrieved from USA Today:
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/09/03/trump-decries-cancel-
culture-but-he-has-participated/3451223001/?fbclid=IwAR2A0HHsoPAhyE3-
a84MLCbtTNty7lc0qDW6xzBoMmDB1KtTrJ6hz-6H2_A
Segismundo, A. (2019, October 5). "Stop call-out and cancel culture on social media!"
Lifestyle Inquirer. Retrieved from lifestyle.inquirer.net:
https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/347456/stop-call-out-and-cancel-culture-on-social-media/
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 97

Shank, L. (2020, September 14). "Social Media is Overrun by Cancel Culture" Liberty
Champion. . Retrieved from liberty.edu of Liberty University:
https://www.liberty.edu/champion/2020/09/opinion-social-media-is-overrun-by-
cancel-
culture/?fbclid=IwAR2EzPHyXq8eSYh7EKGwHwwuMNlBJyoSbjAZyB7nmtg1Xz
2_L8rFNV7KdsI
Showbusiness Reporter for the Daily Mail. (2020, August 4). “Author Salman Rushdie warns
that Left-wing 'cancel culture' is a threat to literature and freedom of speech” .
Retrieved from Daily Mail: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-
8593441/Salman-Rushdie-warns-Left-wing-cancel-culture-threat-literature-freedom-
speech.html?fbclid=IwAR1-8-
9IsRvS5bTTEXcRvwN6WgdYDq3qB_TT5Le8dzMbk-GbGTi74IpxqiM
StaffReports. (2020, July 30). "Has cancel culture gone too far?" The Tribune. Retrieved
from tribtown.com:
http://www.tribtown.com/2020/07/31/has_cancel_culture_gone_too_far/?fbclid=IwA
R3ozSEhtbsg1WiC18-D6CsdhjBczTbABnu-OZp7v07gEPIiFOeDwP-lUbE
Stonestreet, J., & Morris, S. (2020, July 18). "BreakPoint: Big-name liberals reject cancel
culture, but why?" Times Free Press. Retrieved from Chattanooga Times Free Press,
Inc.:
https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/life/entertainment/story/2020/jul/18/breakpoint
-big-name-liberals-reject-cancel-
culture/527666/?fbclid=IwAR11RmKWBC6j3HiCA29EEF4ptwJ0DD2V4GvFzJtuc
QvrRphxndTraLvtsrk
Tidwell, S., & Jack, F. (2020, September 30). "The good, the bad and the dirty: Analyzing
cancel culture and its effects" The State News. Retrieved from
https://statenews.com/article/2020/09/a-look-into-cancel-
culture?ct=content_open&cv=cbox_latest&fbclid=IwAR36Ck8Myp6Kl8q_AK_vaM
FKdhU_Z2esj6T4jDdOKUWiBqXG1kg6zUtGbqI
Urban Dictionary. (2020, February 18). “Cancel Culture.” Urban Dictionary. Retrieved
from 1999-2020 Urban Dictionary ®:
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Cancel%20Culture&fbclid=IwA
R2DpNQb_8IQ54-qPLn1u235qZwykJ63cuRObdCZFv9QOA_zCp_mLueMnLg
Yang, E. (2020, August 18). "The Insidious Political Ends of Cancel Culture" AIER. .
Retrieved from American Institute for Economic Research:
https://www.aier.org/article/the-insidious-political-ends-of-cancel-
culture/?fbclid=IwAR0RRXgZK7gEl3WMP3cKtWc8J2DOzUpE8gGadEfFkAiMjW
zm0TzesOVs0ZA
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 98

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Survey Questionnaire

Dear Respondents,
Good day! Just for a quick trivia, Google Trends data indicates that there was almost no search interest in the
phrase "cancel culture" until the second half of 2018 and early 2019. The most search interest came in July just this year.
Upon reading this, have you become curious as to what 'cancel culture' really is? Maybe you're doing it without even knowing
that what you are doing is actually 'cancelling'? We are from Rizal Technological University - Pasig Campus, Senior High
School Grade 12 HUMSS PSHS-02-301A. The purpose of this study is to determine the socio-cultural perspectives on
cancel culture of the Senior Highschool students. Complete the respondent’s profile. Rest assured that your information will
be confidential. Then, fill in the table that follows.

Part I. Respondent’s Profile

Direction: Put a check on the space provided for your corresponding profile.

Gender: __Male __Female Average Time of Social Media Usage:

Grade Level: ___ Grade 11 ___ 2 hrs 1 min and/or less ____ 2 hours 1 min to 3 hours
___ Grade 12 _____ 3 hrs 1 min and above
Strand: ___ HUMSS ___ STEM
___ ABM ___ GAS Used Social Media Apps (Choose one):
___ TVL ___ Sports ___ Facebook ___ Twitter ___ Instagram ___ Youtube
___ Arts and Design

Part II.
Direction: Put a check inside the box for your corresponding answers.

Strongly Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

SA A N D SD
PERSPECTIVES ON CANCEL CULTURE
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Nature
1. I have heard of the term “Cancel Culture” before
2. I know what the term “Cancel Culture” means.
3. I’ve probably done it without knowing it.
Cancel culture is a powerful tool that can be used to hold public
4.
accountability.
Cancel Culture is an intriguing phenomenon that makes people
5. wonder how it works; by what means, extent, what do they cancel
and why is it on trend today.
Cancel culture makes the borderline between genuinely
6. offensive speech or actions and merely innocent mistakes
indistinguishable.
Cancel Culture sees itself as a form of right to cancel but it
7. cancels other people's rights and seems as if it's a form of cyber
bullying.
8. Social media is overrun by Cancel culture.
Social media is seen as a powerful tool to expose wrongdoing or
9. even crimes, the acts of calling out and canceling may be
ineffective ways to hold a person accountable.

Ending someone’s career, like for some celebrities, through the

10. power of public backlash or culture of cancelling, is easier said
than done.
Celebrities, successful artists, and other too-big-to-fail types can
11.
survive a cancellation.
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 99
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 100

Appendix B. Survey Questionnaire through Google Forms

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 101
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 102
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 103
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 104
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 105
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 106
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 107
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 108

Appendix C. Survey Responses in Respondent Profile

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 109
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 110

Appendix D. Survey Responses in Cancel Culture’s Nature

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 111
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 112
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 113
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 114

Appendix E. Survey Responses in Cancel Culture’s Personal Impact

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 115
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 116

Appendix F. Survey Responses in Cancel Culture’s Social Impact

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 117
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 118

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Autencio, Kyla L.

Address: Blk. 2 Glass St. Brgy. San Andres
Floodway Cainta Rizal
Contact Number: 09267751013
Gmail Address: [email protected]
Personal Information
Date of Birth: April 26, 2003
Place of Birth: Dasmarinas, Cavite
Age: 17 years old
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Born-Again Christian
Educational Background
Elementary: San Miguel Elementary School (2009-2015)
Junior High School: Sagad High School (2015-2019), APEC Schools (2016-2017)
Senior High School: Rizal Technological University Pasig (2019-2021)
Achievements: Top 1 Kinder *With Honor (Top 1) Grade 9
Top 3 Grade 5 *With Honor (Top 4) Grade 10
Top 3 Grade 6 *Jazz Chant Champion Grade 10
With Honor (Top 8) Grade 8
Organizations: Music Club
Skills and Hobbies: Writing Songs and Singing
Playing Instruments (bass, electric and acoustic guitar, piano, drums)
Drawing
Reading self-help books
Martial arts
“I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge."

Autencio, Kyla L.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 119

Name: Delos Santos, Precious M.

Address: 412 Sanga St. Palingon Tipas Taguig
Contact Number: 09202920770
Gmail Address: [email protected]
Personal Information
Date of Birth: July 10, 2002
Place of Birth: Marikina
Age: 18 years old
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Christian
Educational Background
Elementary: St. Vincent learning Center Grade 1 (2010-2011)
Tipas Elementary School Grade 2-6 (2011-2015)
Junior High School: Gen. Ricardo Papa Memorial High School Grade 7-10 (2015-2019)
Senior High School: Rizal Technological University Pasig (2019-2021)
Achievements: Junior high school graduated with honors
Leadership award
Organizations: Supreme Student Government (Grade 10)
Skills and Hobbies: Watching anime and studying Japanese Language

“I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge."

Delos Santos, Precious M.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 120

Name: Ison, Genree L.

Address: 37# Daang Hari St., Tuktukan, Taguig
City
Contact Number: 09085138527
Gmail Address: [email protected]
Personal Information
Date of Birth: August 11, 2002
Place of Birth: Taguig
Age: 18 years old
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Born-Again Christian
Educational Background
Elementary: Taguig Elementary School (2009-2015)
Junior High School: Gen. Ricardo Papa Memorial High School Grade 7-10 (2015-2019)
Senior High School: Rizal Technological University Pasig (2019-2021)
Achievements: With Honors- Grade 5
With Honors- Grade 8 to Grade 10
Leadership Award
Organizations: Social Science Club- P.I.O (Grade 9)
Grade 10 Representative
Skills and Hobbies: Listening to any kinds of music genre and watching any videos on the
internet.

“I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge."

Ison, Genree L.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 121

Name: Salandanan, Jesusa May E.

Address: #09 Salandanan St., Pinagbuhatan,
Pasig City
Contact Number: 09491277278
Gmail Address: [email protected]
Personal Information
Date of Birth: May 29, 2003
Place of Birth: Pasig
Age: 17 years old
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Educational Background
Elementary: St. Joseph's Children's Center, Ursuline Missionaries of the Sacred
Heart (2007-2008), Pasig Catholic College (2008-2011)
Escuela Catholica De San Sebastian (2011-2015)
Junior High School: Pasig Community School Foundation Inc. (2015-2020)
Senior High School: Rizal Technological University Pasig (2019-2021)
Achievements: Top 7 (Grade 3), Top 6 (Grade 4), 4th Honorable Mention (Grade 6)
First Honors (Grade 7), First Honors (Grade 8), With High Honors
(Grade 9), With Highest Honors (Grade 10), Rank 3 (Grade 11)
Organizations: Student Council President, Youth of Marriage Encounter Community,
Lector and Commentator (San Sebastian Parish),
Sining Biswal Rizalia Pasig Campus Member
Skills and Hobbies: Watching movies or series, Listening to music, Playing mobile games,
Surfing the internet, Drawing (Graphite, Charcoal, Pen and Ink, Color
Pencil, Calligraphy), Designing, Organizing, Digital Literacy

“I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge."

Salandanan, Jesusa May E.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 122

Name: Silerio, John Michael

Address: Blk. 29, Genesis St., Sitio Lambak,
Brgy. San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
Contact Number: 09998189299
Gmail Address: [email protected]
Personal Information
Date of Birth: October 16, 2002
Place of Birth: Makati
Age: 18 years old
Sex: Male
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: None (Atheism)
Educational Background
Elementary: San Juan Elementary School (2009-2015)
Junior High School: Manuel I. Santos Memorial National High School (2015-2019)
Senior High School: Rizal Technological University Pasig (2019-2021)
Achievements: With Honor (Top 5) Grade 7
With Honor (Top 10) Grade 8
With High Honor (Top 1) Grade 9
With High Honor (Valedictorian) Grade 10
Discipline Awardee in Social Sciences
Organizations: Araling Panlipunan Club (President)
Youth Environment in Schools Organization (Vice President Internal)
Ang Lambak Filipino School Paper (Editor-in-Chief)
Skills and Hobbies: Reading Books and Articles about History, Philosophy, Science,
Politics, and Religion; Writing Books, Pamphlets, and Blogs; Surfing
the Internet; Historical Researching; Watching Movies; Listening to
Music (Classical and Rock); Editing Videos and Infographics

“I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge."

Silerio, John Michael

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL-Pasig City Campus PAGE 123