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To Construct A Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit and To Check Its Output Waveform On Oscilloscope Theory Half-Wave Rectifier

The document describes constructing and testing a half-wave rectifier circuit. A half-wave rectifier uses a diode to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) by only allowing one half of the input waveform to pass. The output waveform of a half-wave rectifier is shown to have peaks only during one half of the input cycle, as the diode only conducts during one polarity. By measuring the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope, the rectification process can be observed and analyzed.

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104 views

To Construct A Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit and To Check Its Output Waveform On Oscilloscope Theory Half-Wave Rectifier

The document describes constructing and testing a half-wave rectifier circuit. A half-wave rectifier uses a diode to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) by only allowing one half of the input waveform to pass. The output waveform of a half-wave rectifier is shown to have peaks only during one half of the input cycle, as the diode only conducts during one polarity. By measuring the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope, the rectification process can be observed and analyzed.

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artistryrival
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB #07

TO CONSTRUCT A HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT AND TO CHECK ITS


OUTPUT WAVEFORM ON OSCILLOSCOPE
THEORY
HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER
Rectifier is the diode used in converting AC to DC and this process is rectification. The basic
way of rectification is half-wave rectifier circuit shown in Figure 1. When the secondary voltage
of transformer is positive half period (V AB is +), diode D1 becomes forward bias. Because it
represents very low resistance value toward voltage source, so most of the secondary voltage
appears both sides of load RL . Silicon and germanium are representative forward biased diode.
The step-down range of silicon diode is from 0.5V to 1.0V and that of germanium diode is from
0.2V to 0.6V. Most of step-down is ignored to make the interpretation of circuit simple.
Especially when power supply is very high, forward step-down of diode becomes very small
toward output voltage.

Figure 1(b) explains the action of half-wave rectifier. Note that the fact that output becomes ‘0’
when the voltage of transformer (V AB ) is negative (-). It is because diode becomes a backward
bias (added anode toward cathode). It is the same as open circuit ideally. Average DC voltage ( V
dc
) is the same as 0.318 times ( 0318. =1/ π ) of maximum value. Most of voltage meter displays
average value. So it indicates 0.318 times of maximum voltage toward half-wave rectifier. But
effective value must be used to calculate power. The effective voltage toward half-wave rectifier
circuit is 0.5 times of maximum value.

IN CASE OF HALF-WAVE
This 2 way of displaying voltage may cause some confusion. Fortunately, effective value and
average value is mostly equal in general DC current. Therefore you may not worry about that.
Average current I0 is the current taken by dividing average voltage of load by load resistance.

Step-down is so small in forward bias. But maximum input voltage appears as the step-down of
both sides of diode in backward bias. We call it as Peak Reverse Voltage (PRV). Every diode has
maximum allowable PRV rating which must not be exceeded and when the exceeding is
happens, the factor extinguished. The voltage of diode VAC in Figure 1(b) follows VAB in backward
bias. Therefore diode has very high resistance value. And note that step-down (VAC) is not ‘0’ but
a small positive value. It is a forward step-down of diode and generally it is less than 1V.

APPARATUS:

1. Low-voltage AC power supply


2. One 1N4001 diode
3. Resistance 100Ω
4. Oscilloscope

The diode need not be an exact model 1N4001. Any of the "1N400X" series of rectifying
diodes are suitable for the task
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:
FIGURE -2
PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the diode to the low-voltage AC power supply as shown in a figure. Note
that the resistor uses to limit the current.
2. Connect CH1 of oscilloscope to Input and CH2 to Output/Load Resistance of a circuit.
3. Switch on the oscilloscope and the sinusoidal supply.
4. Sketch the input waveform

INPUT WAVEFORM

5. Measure and record time T, peak voltage Vp and peak to peak voltage Vpp of Input
supply

T= _______________ Vp: _______________ Vpp _______________

6. With the oscilloscope DC. Coupled adjust the time-base and the Y amplifier sensitivity.
7. Sketch the waveform and label it to show the periods when the diode is conducting and
those when it is not. Time T depends upon the frequency of your power supply.
OUTPUT WAVEFORM

8. Measure and record time T and peak voltage Vp of output

T= _______________ Vp: _______________

9. Confirm this Vp should be very nearly equal to the peak voltage of the alternating supply.

CONCULSION:

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