MUSLIM UNIVERSITY OF MOROGORO

FACULTY: LAW AND SHARIAH

COURSE TITLE: COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR LAWYERS II

COURSE CODE: EL 114

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: DR. MNYASENGA

NATURE OF THE WORK: GROUP ASSIGNMENT

SUBMISSION DATE: /07/2020

S/N NAMES OF STUDENT REG. NO

1 ELIZABETH.O.OTUNGE MUM2019-04-04284

2 BAKARI.H.KIROSA MUM2019-04-04015

3 SADIQ.H.RANDAN MUM2019-04-05009

4 HAMIS.S.ABDALLAH MUM2019-04-04474

5 ALAWIYA.S.SULEIMAN MUM2019-04-04009

6 MARYAM.M.SHAMTE MUM2019-04-04593

7 MWANAJUMA.A.RAMADHAN MUM2019-04-04041

8 NAYLA.ZAHOR.ALI MUM2019-04-04042

9 SAIDA.M.MABERA MUM2019-04-04073

10 KHADIJA.JUMA.MAGOMA MUM2019-04-05037

QUESTION. DISUSS THE BARRIERS OF EFFECTIVE READING AND THE CLUES TO OVER COME THEM.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Meaning of the term reading
 1.2 Types of reading
1.3 Meaning of effective reading

2.0 MAIN BODY

2.1 barriers of effective reading
2.1.1 Lack of attention by a reader
2.1.2 Poor sight
2.1.3 Weak vocabulary
2.1.4 Inadequate pre-reading preparation
2.1.5 Social political and cultural differences between a writer and a reader
2.1.6 Lack of grammatical and linguistic competence
2.1.7 Lack of motivation
2.1.8 Lack of concentration
2.2 The clues to overcome effective reading

2.2.1 Start reading early

2.2.2 Skim

2.2.3 Understand vocabulary

2.2.3 Take notes

2.2.5 Know when to stop

2.2.6 Have a discussion buddy

2.2.7 Read for pleasure

2.2.8 Setting question

3.0 CONCLUTION
 4.0 REFERENCE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 meaning of reading

Reading, is a process of looking at and comprehending the meaning of written or printed matter

by interpreting the characters or symbols of which it is composed. In as far as reading in law is

concerned, it is a process of constructing meaning from a legal text or texts. People read for

meaning and understanding what has been written. Reading is an art form and good readers do

certain things that get them the meaning that the process is designed to extract. From reading

people learn.

1.2 type of reading

Skimming: reading method that involves rapidly moving the eye over a text for the sake of

getting the general picture or main idea about the chapter or passage. Look at titles, subtitles,

headings, topic sentences, conclusion, figures and tables. Skimming helps in several ways such It

helps to understand who is the audience, whether the text is written for professionals, laymen, a

particular target group , what kind of text it is (whether it is a report, letter, article and so on)

Scanning: reading in search of specific details like names, figures, key words etc. Also finding a

source to answer the question at hand entails scan reading. In law, a lecturer can ask a student

during examination to find the name of the judge in a particular case report. One can also be

asked to identify some legal issues in a case report as well as the verdict. The process of finding

the judge’s name, legal issues and verdict in the case report involves scanning.
Intensive reading: reading for high degree of comprehension and retention over a long period of

time. It is a strategy commonly used by students when preparing themselves for examinations. In

intensive reading a reader gets a lot of information or details pertaining to the topic.

Extensive reading: reading for pleasure of reading not focusing on every single detail in the text.

Extensive reading takes place when a reader intends to go through many pages of a written

material like a book or various newspapers. People who read long novels within few days engage

themselves in extensive reading. Extensive reading is useful when one intends to improve the

reading speed, masterly of pronunciation, fluency in speaking, vocabulary and logical thinking.

Critical reading: reading in order to get full understanding and analysing the source. It also

involves examining or analysing the information in the source; that is looking at the strengths

and weaknesses. Critical reading is common in book or article review.

1.3. Meaning of effective reading

Effective reading, means that a reading which requires more active process in order to

understand what is intended by the writer from the text. Effective reading leads to success as it

enhances understanding of written texts and graphics. Effective readers understand better than

ineffective readers.

2.0 MAIN BODY

2.1 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE READING

There are various barriers to effective reading; Konar1 identified the following barriers;

1
Konar (2011:155)
 2.1.1 Lack of attention, by a reader when reading. He/she might be reading but absent

minded or thinking of something else or even doing another activity like listening to music or

writing a message on the phone.

2.1.2 Poor sight such that one fails to see the writings properly, Poor sight might lead to errors

in recording information.

2.1.3 Weak vocabulary, this makes a person fail to understand what is written in case the

writer has used some new vocabulary that a reader is not conversant with and the dictionary is

not around.

2.1.4 Inadequate pre-reading preparation, can lead to poor reading and understanding of the

text. A person is supposed to prepare well in advance for reading and if possible should set some

questions to guide the reading process.

2.1.5 Social-political and cultural differences, between a writer and a reader can also be a

hindrance to reading. If someone knows that the writer belongs to a certain party or follows

certain ideology she or he might not read what the other person has written.

2.1.6 Another factor lack of grammatical and linguistic competence, many people cannot

read effectively because they fail to decrypt grammatical and lexical units of language in the

text .They lack the ability to differentiate and recognize the words, sentences, and expressions,

used in the text. It hampers the process of reading. The reader may stop reading further if he fails

to understand the text grammatically.

2.1.7 Lack of motivation, reading for information and knowledge requires motivation and

disciple. Many people think reading as boring and time consuming task. Lack of proper

motivation and goal may create barrier to reading.

2.1.8 Lack of concentration, if the reader lacks concentration while reading, he just will turn

pages after pages without much comprehension. Reading is psycholinguistic process. It requires

careful attention of the reader.

2.2 CLUES TO OVER COME EFFECTIVE READING

2.2.1 Start reading early; reading in college or university is much easier if you give

yourself as much time as possible. For example, trying to read an entire chapter of a

dense legal system text a day before the corresponding lecture will be difficult and time

consuming.

2.2.2 Understand vocabulary; often if you don’t understand vocabulary in a reading,

you are wasting your time doing the reading. For example, if you don’t know what

Obiter dictum is, you might be completely lost in reading for a legal text. When you

come across unfamiliar vocabulary, make sure you look it up and learn it. If you have to,

write the definition on a notecard and keep it nearby.

2.2.3 Take notes; keep on writing down the main points as you read. This is better than

doing nothing, but it is good to jot down notes on a separate sheet of paper or to type

thoughts in a new document. The notes can help you for quick to revision in the future.

Also, writing notes when reading enhances understanding of what has been written .Some

things you should not is anything important that happens with regard to the subject of the

passage, the subject and thesis of the passage

2.2.4 Know when to stop; if you find that you are getting bored during a reading, stop

for a while. It is better to be mentally fresh for a while readings than to force yourself to

“finish” and retain only the first few pages that you looked at. If this means that you have

to limit yourself to 20 or 30 minutes of reading at a time, so be it. Just make sure that you

are focused during these periods of time and not distracted by a cell phone or Facebook.

If you know that it takes you a long time to get through a reading, start earlier.

2.2.5 Have a discussion buddy; after completing reading assignments, different people

will sometimes have different understandings or interpretations of the materials. For this

reason, it is beneficial for you to find someone else with whom you can discuss reading

assignment outside of class. You may find that you both shed light on different aspects of

reading or you may notice gaps in your understanding of complicated material.

2.1.6. Setting questions; you can also set questions before you start reading. The

questions can guide you what to read and what to ignore during the reading process.

3.0 CONCLUTION

Generally reading is very important to lawyers not only for the lawyers but for the whole

people simply because when person read a lot may improve communication skill ,not

only that but also person can improve knowledge as well as he or she can improve

vocabulary and so on.

REFERENCE

1. Dominic msabila. (2014).Effective communication skill

OTHER INTERNET SOURCE

1. https://www.slideshare

2. https://www.quora.com

3. www.idonline.org