AP Calculus AB

Unit 7 Independent Practice Book:

More Integration, More Accumulation of Change, and
Average Value

AP Calculus AB-HN – MTH472

Spring 2021
Adlai E. Stevenson High School
Mathematics Division
Teachers: Ms. Koehl, Ms. Ladenburger, Mr. Johnson,
Mr. Richardson, Mr. Goolish
Table of Contents
Section 7.1 – The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Definite Integrals ................................................ 3
Section 7.2 – Integrating Using Substitution ................................................................................................ 6
Section 7.3 – Applying Properties of Definite Integrals ................................................................................. 9
Section 7.4 – Using Accumulation Functions and Definite Integrals in Applied Contexts ........................... 12
Section 7.5 – Finding the Average Value of a Function Over an Interval .................................................... 15
Section 7.6 – The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Accumulation Functions................................... 18
Section 7.7 – FRQs .................................................................................................................................... 22

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Section 7.1 – The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Definite Integrals

ENDURING UNDERSTANDING

Recognizing opportunities to apply knowledge of geometry and mathematical rules can simplify integration.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE

Evaluate definite integrals analytically An antiderivative of a function f is a function g whose derivative

using the Fundamental Theorem of is f.
Calculus.

If a function f is continuous on an interval containing a, the

function defined by is an antiderivative of f

for x in the interval.

If f is continuous on the interval and F is an antiderivative

of f, then .

Evaluate the following.

1. 2.

3. 4.

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5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

11.

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12.

13. Determine the area of the region bounded by and the x–axis.

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Section 7.2 – Integrating Using Substitution

ENDURING UNDERSTANDING

Recognizing opportunities to apply knowledge of geometry and mathematical rules can simplify integration.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE

For integrands requiring substitution or Substitution of variables is a technique for finding

rearrangements into equivalent forms: antiderivatives.
(a) Determine indefinite integrals
(b) Evaluate definite integrals For a definite integral, substitution of variables requires
corresponding changes to the limits of integration.

1. Complete the table by identifying the u and du for the given indefinite integrals.

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2. Evaluate the following indefinite integrals.

a. b.

c. d.

e. f.

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3. Evaluate each definite integral.

a. b.

c. d.

e. f.

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Section 7.3 – Applying Properties of Definite Integrals

ENDURING UNDERSTANDING

Recognizing opportunities to apply knowledge of geometry and mathematical rules can simplify integration.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE

Calculate a definite integral using areas and In some cases, a definite integral can be evaluated by using
properties of definite integrals. geometry and the connection between the definite integral and
area.

Properties of definite integrals include the integral of a constant

times a function, the integral of a sum of two functions, reversal
of limits of integration, and the integral of a function over
adjacent intervals.

The definition of the definite integral may be extended to

functions with removable or jump discontinuities.

1. If and , then determine

2. If and , then determine

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3. If , , and , then determine the value of

4. The graph of a function f is shown where ….

Place the values of A, B, and C in order from greatest to smallest in value.

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5. Given is an odd function and is an even function and

a. b.

c. d.

e.

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Section 7.4 – Using Accumulation Functions and Definite Integrals in Applied
Contexts

ENDURING UNDERSTANDING

Definite integrals allow us to solve problems involving the accumulation of change over an interval.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE

Interpret the meaning of a definite integral A function defined as an integral represents an accumulation of
in accumulation problems. a rate of change.

Determine net change using definite The definite integral of the rate of change of a quantity over an
integrals in applied contexts. interval gives the net change of that quantity over that interval.

The definite integral can be used to express information about

accumulation and net change in many applied contexts.

1. Water is pumped into a tank at a rate of 𝑟(𝑡) = 30(1 − 𝑒 −0.16𝑡 ) gallons per minute, where t is the
number of minutes since the pump was turned on.

a. Determine the amount of water pumped into the tank after the first 15 minutes.

b. If the tank holds 1220 gallons after 20 minutes, how much water is in the tank after 30 minutes?

c. If the tank holds 1220 gallons after 20 minutes, how much water was originally in the tank at t = 0?

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2. A car travels on a straight track. During the time interval seconds, the car’s velocity v, measured
in feet per second, and acceleration a, measured in feet per second per second, are continuous functions.
The table above shows selected values of these functions.

a. Using appropriate units, explain the meaning of in terms of the car’s motion.

b. Approximate the value of using a right sum.

c. Using appropriate units, explain the meaning of in terms of the car’s motion.

d. Approximate the value of using a left sum.

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3. Water is pumped into an underground tank at a constant rate of 8 gallons per minute. Water leaks from the
tank at a rate of gallons per minute, for . At time , the tank contains 30 gallons of
water.

a. How many gallons leaked out of the tank in the first 3 minutes.

b. What is the volume of the water in the tank after 15 minutes?

4. A particle moves along the y–axis where its position is defined by y(t) , measured in centimeters, and
its velocity is defined by v(t) , in cm per second.

a. Set up an integral(s) expression and use it to find the particle’s change in position over the first 6
seconds.

b. Set up an integral(s) expression and use it to find the position at t = 4 seconds, if

c. Set up an integral(s) and find the position at t = 6 seconds, if at 4 seconds, the particle is 6 cm above the
origin.

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Section 7.5 – Finding the Average Value of a Function Over an Interval

ENDURING UNDERSTANDING

Definite integrals allow us to solve problems involving the accumulation of change over an interval.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE

Determine the average value of a function The average value of a continuous function f over an interval
using definite integrals.
is .

1. Determine the average value of in the first quadrant.

2. A particle moves along the x–axis with a velocity defined by .

a. Determine the average velocity of the particle over

b. Determine the average acceleration of the particle over

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3. Let f (x) be the function that is defined for all real numbers x and that has the following properties.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

a. Determine the function .

b. Determine the average value of over

5. If the average value of the continuous function f (x) on the interval [–2, 4] is equal to 12, what is the value

of ?

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6. The table above gives a person’s cholesterol levels at different times during a 10-week treatment
period. Approximate the average cholesterol level over the 10-week period using a trapezoidal sum with
three sub-intervals shown in the table.

7. The graph of the function h is shown in the figure. Which of the following has the greatest value.

A. The average value of h over [–3, 2].

B. The average rate of change of h over [–3, 2].

C.

D.

E.

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Section 7.6 – The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Accumulation Functions

ENDURING UNDERSTANDING

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects differentiation and integration.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE

Represent accumulation functions using The definite integral can be used to define new functions.
definite integrals.

If f is a continuous function on an interval containing a, then

where x is in the interval.

1. Given the function

a. Evaluate

b. Evaluate .

c. Write the equation of the tangent line at

d. Determine the intervals over which g(x) is increasing. Justify.

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2. Given for

a. Evaluate the following.

b. Write the equation of the tangent line at x = –2.

3. Given where f (t) is defined in the graph shown from , as shown.

Determine the absolute extrema of F(x) over the interval.

Show all work and justify your answer.

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4. Given where f (t) is defined in the graph shown from , as shown.

The graph is composed of two line segments and a semi–circle.

a. Determine F(4)

b. Write the equation of the line tangent to F(x)

at .

c. Determine all points of inflection to the graph of F(x). Justify your answer.

d. Over what interval(s) is F(x) concave up.

Justify your answer.

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5. Given for where f (t) is shown in the graph.

a. Determine the domain of g(x).

b. Determine absolute extrema of g ( x )

over its domain. Justify your answer.

c. Determine the intervals over which the graph of g ( x ) is concave up over its domain.
Find the point(s) of inflection. Justify your answer.

d. Sketch the graph of g ( x ) .

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Section 7.7 – FRQs
(Calculator Required)
1. The tide removes sand from Sandy Point Beach at a rate modeled by the function R, given by

A pumping station adds sand to the beach at a rate modeled by the function S, given by

Both R(t) and S(t) have units of cubic yards per hour and t is measured in hours for
At time , the beach contains 2500 cubic yards of sand.

(a) How much sand will the tide remove from the beach during this 6-hour period?
Indicate units of measure.

(b) Write an expression for Y(t), the total number of cubic yards of sand on the beach at time t.

(c) Find the rate at which the total amount of sand on the beach is changing at time t = 4.

(d) For , at what time t is the amount of sand on the beach a minimum? What is the minimum
value? Justify your answer.

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2. The graph of the differentiable function f on the closed interval is shown in the figure.
The graph of f has a horizontal tangent line at .

Let

(a) Find

(b) On what intervals is g decreasing? Justify your answer.

(c) On what intervals is the graph of g concave down? Justify your answer.

(d) Find the trapezoidal approximation of using six subintervals of length

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