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TR Alda

1. The student was asked to calculate the Q values of several alpha and beta decays, and to use given energy values to calculate unknown masses. They provided the detailed working and calculations to arrive at the Q values and mass values requested. 2. For question 4, they were given the maximum kinetic energy of positron emission in the decay of 11C to 11B and asked to use this, along with the known mass of 11B, to calculate the mass of 11C. 3. The response included the relevant nuclear reaction equations, mass values and formulas to systematically work through the calculations in a clear step-by-step manner and arrive at the final answers requested in 3 sentences
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
652 views11 pages

TR Alda

1. The student was asked to calculate the Q values of several alpha and beta decays, and to use given energy values to calculate unknown masses. They provided the detailed working and calculations to arrive at the Q values and mass values requested. 2. For question 4, they were given the maximum kinetic energy of positron emission in the decay of 11C to 11B and asked to use this, along with the known mass of 11B, to calculate the mass of 11C. 3. The response included the relevant nuclear reaction equations, mass values and formulas to systematically work through the calculations in a clear step-by-step manner and arrive at the final answers requested in 3 sentences
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nama : Alda Veronika Panjaitan

NIM : 4183321001

Kelas : Fisika DikC 2018

Mata Kuliah : Pendahuluan Fisika Inti

Soal

1. Find The Q Values of the following decays :


a) 247 Bk → 243 Am+ α
b) 251 Cf → 247Cm+ α
c) 230 T h → 226 Ra+ α
2. The highest energy alpa particle emitted in the decay of 238U to 234Th is 4196±4 keV.
From this information and the known mass of 238U,Compute the mass of 234Th.
3. Compute the Q values for the following β−¿¿ decays :
a) 65∋→ 65Cu
b) 11 Be→ 11 B
c) 193 Os→ 193 Ir
4. The maximum kinetic energy of the positron spectrum emitted in the decay 11C → 11B
is 1.983 ±0.003 MeV . Use this information and the known mass of 11 B to calculate the
mass of 11C
5. Jelaskan Ketidakkekalan Paratis Peluruhan Beta!

Jawaban

1. Find The Q Values of the following decays :


a. 247 Bk → 243 Am+ α
b. 251 Cf → 247Cm+ α
c. 230 T h → 226 Ra+ α

Answer :

The Q value of the decay reaction is expressed as


Q=( m P−m D −m α ) c 2 (taking masses im gram or kilogram)

Q=( mP−mD −mα ) x 931,5 MeV (taking masses im u(atomic mass unit)

So we can answer the question :

a. 247 Bk → 243 Am+ α

The given reaction is

247
❑ Bk → 243❑ Am + 42 He ( α )

Mass of Bk=mP=247,070 u

Mass of Am=m D=243,061 u

Mass of alpa particle=mα =4,003 u

So we can writing,

Q=( m P−m D −m α ) x 931,5 MeV

Q= (247,070−243,061−4,003 ) x 931,5 MeV

Q=( 6 x 10−3 ) x 931,5 MeV

Q=5,589 MeV

b. 251 247 4
❑Cf → ❑Cm + 2He (α )

The given reaction is

251
❑Cf → 247❑Cm + 42He ( α )

Mass of Cf =mP=251,080u

Mass of Am=m D=247 u

Mass of alpa particle=mα =4,003 u


So we can writing,

Q=( m P−m D −m α ) x 931,5 MeV

Q= (251,080−247−4,003 ) x 931,5 MeV

Q= ( 0,077 ) x 931,5 MeV

Q=71,7255 MeV

c. 230 T h → 226 Ra+ α

The given reaction is

230
❑ T h → 226❑ Ra+ 42 He ( α )

Mass of Th=m P =230,033 u

Mass of Am=m D=226,025 u

Mass of alpa particle=m α =4,003 u

So we can writing,

Q=( mP−mD −mα ) x 931,5 MeV

Q= (230,033−226,025−4,003 ) x 931,5 MeV

Q=( 5 x 10−3 ) x 931,5 MeV

Q=4,6575 MeV

2. Dik : 238 234 4


92U → 90T h + 2 He ( α )

DenganQ=4196 ± 4 KeV

dit :mass of T h=… ?

Jawaban:
238
U → 234 4
92 90 T h + 2 He ( α )

mass relatif 238


92U =238,02891u

ma ss relatif 42 He=4,002602u

1 KeV =0,001 MeV

4196 KeV =4,196 MeV

238
U → 234 4
92 90T h + 2 He ( α ) +Q

Q=∆ m ( c2 )

Q=∆ m ( 931,5 MeV )

238
(m ( 92U )−( m ( 234 4
)
90 T h ) + m ( 2 He ) ) x 931,5 MeV =4,196 MeV

238 4,196 MeV


U )−( m ( 234 4
(m ( 92 )
90 T h ) + m ( 2 He ) ) =
931,5 Me V

238
(m ( 92U )−( m ( 234 4
)
90 T h ) + m ( 2 He ) ) =0,00450456253

234
( 238,02891 u−( m ( 90 )
T h ) + 4,002602u ) =0,00450456253

m ( 234
90 T h ) = ( 238,02891u−4,002602 u )−0,00450456253

m ( 234
90 T h ) =234,026308 u−0,00450456253

Jadi mass of ( 234


90 Th ) =234 , 021803 u

1 u=1,66 x 10−27 kg

maka massa ( 234 −27


90 T h ) =234,021803 x 1,66 x 10 kg

massa ( 234 −27


90 T h )=388,476193 x 10 kg
Sehingga diperoleh bahwamassa ( 234 −29
90 Th ) =3 , 88476193 x 10 kg

3. Dik : pel u ru h an Beta ( negatif ) sebagai berikut :

a . 65 65
28 ¿ → 29 Cu

b . 114 Be → 115 B

c . 193 193
76 Os → 77 Ir

Dit :Q padamasing masing Peluru h an Beta ( negatif ) diatas=…?

Jawaban:

Ingat bahwa :

m proton =1,007276u

m elektron =0,00054858u

mneutron =1,008665 u

Misalkan proses peluruhan Beta(negative) seperti berikut :

A
Z X → Z +1AY + −10 β + v´e;m v´e =0

Pada peluruhan Beta(negative) ,

Q= [ m AZ X −m Z+A1Y ] x 931,5 MeV

a . 65 65
28 ¿ → 29 Cu

65
¿ → 65 0
28 29 Cu +−1 β + v́ e

Q= [ m AZ X −m Z+A1Y ] x 931,5 MeV /u

Q= [ massa 65 65
28¿ −massa 29 Cu ] x 931,5 MeV /u

65
28 ¿ memiliki : jumla h proton= jumla h elektron=28 dan Jumla h neutron=65−28=37
massa 65
28 ¿=28 ( m proton ) +28 ( m elektron ) +37 ( m neutron )

massa 65
28 ¿=28 ( 1,007276 u ) +28 ( 0,00054858 u ) +37 ( 1,008665u )

massa 65
28 ¿=28,203728 u+0,01536024 u+ 37,320605u

massa 65
28 ¿=65,5396932 u

65
29 Cu memiliki : jumla h proton= jumla h elektron=29 dan Jumla h neutron=65−29=36

massa 65
29 Cu =28 ( m proton ) +28 ( m elektron ) + 37 ( m neutron )

massa 65
29 Cu =29 ( 1,00727 6u )+ 29 ( 0,00054858u ) +36 ( 1,008665 u )

massa 65
29 Cu =29,211004 u+ 0,01590882u+36,31194 u

massa 65
29 Cu =65,5388528 u

Maka

Q= [ 65,5396932 u−65,5388528 u ] x 931,5 MeV /u

Q=0,7828326 MeV

b . 114 Be → 115 B

11
4 Be → 115B + −10β + v́ e

Q= [ m AZ X −m Z+A1Y ] x 931,5 MeV /u

Q= [ massa 114Be −massa 115 B ] x 931,5 MeV /u

11
4 Be memiliki : jumla h proton= jumla h elektron=4 dan Jumla h neutron=11−4=7

massa 114 Be=4 ( mproton )+ 4 ( m ele k tron ) +7 ( m neutron )

massa 114 Be=4 ( 1,007276 u ) + 4 ( 0,00054858u )+ 7 ( 1,008665u )


massa 114 Be=4,029104 u+0,00219432 u+7,060655 u

massa 114 Be=11,0919533 u

11
5 B memiliki : jumla h proton= jumla h elektron=5 dan Jumla h neutron=11−5=6

massa 115 B=5 ( mproton ) +5 ( melektron ) +37 ( mneutron )

massa 115 B=5 ( 1,007276 u ) +5 ( 0,00054858 u ) +6 ( 1,008665u )

massa 115 B=5,03638 u+0,002729 u+6,05199 u

massa 115 B=11,091099 u

Maka

Q= [ 11,0919533 u−11,091099 u ] x 931,5 MeV /u

Q=0,79578045 MeV

c . 193 193
76 Os → 77 Ir

193
Os → 193 0
76 77 Ir + −1β + v́ e

Q= [ m AZ X −m Z+A1Y ] x 931,5 MeV /u

Q= [ massa 193 193


76 Os −massa 77 Ir ] x 931,5 MeV /u

193
76 Os memiliki : jumla h proton= jumla h elektron=76 dan Jumla h neutron=117

massa 193
76Os =76 ( m proton ) +76 ( melektron )+ 117 ( m neutron )

massa 193
76Os =76 ( 1,007276u ) + 76 ( 0,00054858u )+117 ( 1,008665u )

massa 193
76Os =76,552976 u+0,04169208 u+118,013805 u

massa 193
76Os =194,608473u
193
77 Ir memiliki: jumla h proton= jumla h elektron=77 dan Jumla h neutron=116

massa 193
77 Ir =77 ( m prot on ) +77 ( melektron )+ 116 ( m neutron )

massa 193
77 Ir =77 ( 1,007276 u ) +77 ( 0,00054858 u ) +116 ( 1,008665 u )

massa 193
77 Ir =77,560252u+ 0,04224066 u+117,00514 u

massa 193
77 Ir =194,607633 u

Maka

Q= [ 194,608473 u−194,607633 u ] x 931,5 MeV /u

Q=0,78246 MeV

4. The maximum kinetic energy of the positron spectrum emitted in the decay 11C → 11B is
1.983 ±0.003 MeV . Use this information and the known mass of 11 B to calculate the mass of
11C

Answer :

Given data :

11
C =115B + +10 β + v´e
6

valueof t his is

Q=¿

mass of ( 115B ) =10,811 u

mass of ( +10 β ) =0,0005486 u

E=1983± 0.003 MeV

Maka massa ( 116C ) adalah :

E=∆ m .c 2
2
3 x 10 8 m
1983 MeV =∆ m.
s ( )
1983 MeV =3,17712 x 10−10 Joule

3,17712 x 10−10 Joule


∆ m=
m2
9 x 1016 2
s

∆ m=0,35 x 10−26 kg

∆ m=0,35 x 10−26 x 6,022 x 1026 u

∆ m=2,1077u

11
[m( C ) −( m ( 115B ) +m ( +10 β ) +m ( e ) ) =∆ m
6 ]
m ( 116C )=∆ m+ ( m ( 115 B ) + m ( +10 β ) +m ( e ))

m ( 116C )=2,1077u+ ¿

m ( 116C )=12,9197972 u

5. Jelaskan Ketidakkekalan Paratis Peluruhan Beta!

Jawaban :

Bunyi hukum kekekalan paritas yaitu paritas total sebelum reaksi inti harus sama dengan
paritas total sesudah reaksi inti. Pada peluruhan beta seolah-olah energi tidak kekal. Energi
elektron yang teramati selama peluruhan beta dari nuklida tertentu didapatkan bervariasi secara
kontinu dari 0 hingga harga maksimum K maks yang merupakan karakteristik nuklidanya.
Persamaan untuk energi maksimumnya adalah

Emaks =m 0 c 2 + K maks

Energi hilang terjadi ketika tumbukan antara elektron yang dipancarkan dan elektron
atomik yang mengelilingi inti. Pada peluruhan beta seolah-olah memontum linear dan
momentum sudut tidak kekal. Momentum linear dan momentum sudut didapatkan tidak kekal
dalam peluruhan beta. Dalam peluruhan beta nukilde tertentu arah elektron yang terpancar dan
inti rekoil dapat teramati, ternyata arah tersebut tidak selalu tepat berlawanan seperti yang
diramalkan oleh hukum kekekalan momentum linear. Ketidak kekekalan momentum sudut
diturunkan dari spin ½ dari elektron, proton dan neutron. Peluruhan beta menyangkut  perubahan
neutron nuklir menjadi proton. n= p+e−¿¿  karena spin masing-masing partikel yang tersangkut
adalah 1/2. Reaksi tersebut tidak dapat terjadi jika spin (jadi memontum sudutnya) harus
kekal.Dalam tahun 1934 Fermi telah mengajukan teori peluruhan beta  berdasarkan hipotesisi
Pauli bahwa selain e−¿¿   (elektron) dipancarkan v (anti neutrino) pada peluruhanβ−¿¿  .

Fenomena Peluruhanβ

1. Pemancaran elektron β−¿¿  

2. Pemancaran positron β +¿¿ 

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