MAX16840 LED Driver With Integrated MOSFET For MR16 and Other 12V AC Input Lamps
MAX16840 LED Driver With Integrated MOSFET For MR16 and Other 12V AC Input Lamps
MAX16840
12V AC C1 EXT
Applications
COMP SOURCE
MR16 and Other 12V AC or DC Input LED
C4 FB
Lighting Applications GND
R1
R2
Electrical Characteristics
(VIN = 12V; VEXT = VSOURCE = VFB = VGND = 0V; COMP, REFI, and DRAIN = open; TA = TJ = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise
noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2)
VFB vs. DUTY CYCLE FOR BUCK-BOOST IQ vs. TEMPERATURE IQ vs. VIN
210 1.6 2.0
MAX16840 toc03
MAX16840 toc02
MAX16840 toc01
1.4
200
1.2 1.5
190
1.0
VFB (mV)
IQ (mA)
IQ (mA)
0.6
170
0.4 0.5
160
0.2
150 0 0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 35 60 85 110 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
DUTY CYCLE (%) TEMPERATURE (°C) VIN (V)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE ULVOIN vs. TEMPERATURE
300 5.8
MAX16840 toc05
MAX16840 toc04
5.7
250
5.6
VIN RISING AND FALLING
200
5.5
fSW (kHz)
150 5.4
5.3
100
5.2 VIN RISING
50 VIN FALLING
5.1
0 5.0
10 35 60 85 110 10 35 60 85 110
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
MAX16840 toc07
195
190 200
185
180 150
VFB (mV)
VFB (mV)
175
170 100
165
160 50
155
150 0
10 35 60 85 110 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
TEMPERATURE (°C) VREFI (V)
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
DRAIN 1 + 10 SOURCE
DRAIN 2 9 SOURCE
IN 3 MAX16840 8 FB
EXT 4 7 GND
EP
COMP 5 6 REFI
TDFN
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
1, 2 DRAIN Drain of the Internal Switching MOSFET
Input. Connect to LED string anode in boost and buck-boost configuration to get OVP protection
3 IN during open LED. Bypass it with a sufficient capacitor not to allow IN to go below 6.5V in buck
applications.
4 EXT Base Drive for External Bipolar Until Internal Driver Starts Switching for the First Time After Power-Up
Compensation Component Connection for the Switching Stage. Connect a suitable RC network to
5 COMP
ground. This is the output of the gm amplifier
Analog Dimming and Thermal Foldback. The IC sources 50µA current out of this pin. Whenever this
pin voltage is > 1.2V, the FB voltage is regulated to internal 200mV reference. Whenever this pin
6 REFI
voltage < 1.2V, the FB voltage is regulated to VREFI/6. Leave this pin unconnected to disable this
foldback feature.
7 GND Ground
Current-Sense. This pin includes a 5kI/4pF RC filter at its input to average the current information
8 FB
over the switching cycle. Connect this pin directly to SOURCE.
9, 10 SOURCE Source of the Internal Switching MOSFET
Exposed Pad. Connect EP to the ground plane for heatsinking. Do not use the EP as the only
— EP
electrical connection to ground.
Functional Diagram
IN
200mV I0
IN
1/6 I1
5V
LDO + POK
BG UVLO
1.2V S BANDGAP
5V
50µA
EXT
REFI 5kI gm
PWMC
DRAIN
4pF
COMP 0.65V
2VP-P DRIVER
CSLIMIT
OSCILLATOR SOURCE
GND
50ns
FB
BLANKING
IN
BG
OVP
MAX16840
The IC has a control pin, REFI, to program the input External BJT Driver (EXT)
current. The IC regulates the average voltage on FB to EXT is a separate driver for an external npn transistor
200mV if REFI is left open. A control voltage on REFI can that is used to drive an external resistive load when the
be used to control the input current. The average voltage input voltage on IN is below the UVLO. This is useful for
on FB is regulated to VREFI/6, where VREFI is the voltage operation with electronic transformers at low-input volt-
on REFI. The linear control of the FB voltage ceases once ages. The minimum current capability of this pin is 20mA.
the voltage on REFI exceeds 1.2V. Once the voltage
increases beyond 1.2V, the voltage on FB is regulated Internal Switching MOSFET
to 200mV. REFI has an internal current source of 50FA The IC has an integrated switching MOSFET with a maxi-
and the voltage on REFI can also be set with a resistor to mum RDSON of 0.2I at +125NC. The typical RDSON at
ground on REFI. This pin can also be used with an NTC +25NC is 0.1I. This allows the IC to be used in a boost
resistor on the pin to achieve thermal foldback. LED driver for power levels up to 20W and for buck-boost
applications in MR16s for power levels up to 7W. The
The IC has a separate EXT pin that can be used to guar-
maximum voltage rating of the MOSFET is 48V opera-
antee that there is a kick-start of current at turn-on for
tion. The drain of the internal MOSFET is connected to
low-input voltages for proper operation with electronic
the DRAIN pin and the source of the internal MOSFET is
transformers. EXT drives an external npn transistor. Once
connected to the SOURCE pin.
the regulator MOSFET switches for the first time, after the
IN voltage has passed the 5.5V UVLO threshold, EXT is Current Sense (FB)
pulled to ground and the external npn transistor is turned The source of the internal MOSFET is connected to
off. SOURCE, so a current-sense resistor must be connected
Internal Oscillator between SOURCE and ground and the current informa-
tion is read by FB, so SOURCE must be connected to FB.
The IC has an internal oscillator with a fixed switching
The set point of the current is determined by REFI. If REFI
frequency of 300kHz.
is left open, the average current-sense voltage on FB is
Input Voltage (IN) regulated by the IC’s control loop to 200mV. There is a
The IC is powered by the voltage on IN. The operat- separate peak-limit comparator that terminates switching
ing voltage range on IN is from 6.5V to 48V. An internal every cycle if the voltage on FB exceeds 650mV. This
UVLO is set at 5.6V. Below 5.4V, there is no switching comparator has a leading-edge blanking time of 50ns.
of the internal power MOSFET and the gate driver for Control Loop
the MOSFET is low. The typical hysteresis of the UVLO
The IC uses an average current-mode control scheme
threshold is 200mV. There is an internal LDO of 5V that is
to regulate the input current (Figure 1). The control loop
used to power all the internal circuitry and the gate driver
regulates the average voltage on FB. An internal RC filter
for the internal switching MOSFET. An internal overvolt-
removes current spikes appearing on this pin. Additional
age protection on IN stops switching once the voltage on
filtering can be added if necessary. The current-regula-
IN exceeds 46V. The switching of the internal MOSFET
tion loop consists of the current-sense resistor RCS, the
ceases once the rising voltage on IN exceeds 46V and
RC filter shown in Figure 1, the transconductance error
stays off until the voltage on IN drops by 1.2V from the
amplifier (gm), an oscillator providing the 300kHz ramp,
OVP threshold of 46V.
the control voltage on the positive input of the gm ampli-
fier, and the PWM comparator (PWMC).
L1 LED+
INPUT
COMP
MAX16840
CONTROL
RCF VOLTAGE
CP CZ gm
PWMC DRIVER
2VP-P SOURCE
5kI FB
10pF RCS
L2 D1 LED+
R3 DRAIN
L1 BD1 REFI IN
MAX16840 C3
12V AC C1 EXT
LED-
COMP SOURCE
C4
FB
GND
R1
R2
Applications information peak current in the inductor occurs at the peak of the
highest input voltage. The P-P ripple at this input voltage
Boost Configuration
is ∆IL. The highest input voltage is 13.2V AC, which is
In MR16 and other 12V AC input applications, the boost 10% higher than the typical value.
configuration is used when the LED string voltage
exceeds 18V. This means that, in general, if the number The peak current in the inductor is:
of LEDs in series in the application is greater than or IPK = IIN + 0.5∆IL
equal to 6 LEDs, the IC can be used in the boost con- The output voltage of the LED string is given by VLED. As
figuration to provide the best efficiency. Figure 2 shows a a first-order approximation, the LED voltage is assumed
boost MR16 application. The number of LEDs can range constant. The duty cycle at the peak of the input voltage
from 6 to 10 LEDs. The maximum voltage across the LED is therefore:
string should not exceed 40V. 13.2V × 2 18.66V
In the boost configuration, the current in the inductor is D MIN =1− =1−
VLED VLED
the same as the current in the current-sense resistor R1.
The percentage P-P ripple is typically selected in the 30%
Resistor (R1) to 60% range of the maximum input current. Assuming a
The current in resistor R1 is the same as the current in 60% P-P inductor-current ripple, the maximum inductor
inductor L2. If the desired maximum output power with current is given by:
12V AC at 50Hz or 60Hz is POUT, the input power PIN
IPK = 1.3IINMAX
is given:
The minimum inductor value is given by:
PIN = POUT/n
where n is the efficiency. The input current is given by: 18.66V × D MIN
L MIN =
IIN = PIN/10.8V 0.6IINMAX × 300kHz
Resistor R1 is then given by: where the switching frequency is 300kHz. The saturation
R1 = 0.2V/IIN current of the inductor should be higher than P-P and the
minimum value of the inductor at IP-P should exceed LMIN.
where R1 is in ohms and IIN is in amps.
The temperature of the inductor can be in the +90NC to
Boost Inductor (L2) +100NC range in the application and the losses should
For optimum efficiency, the boost inductor must be oper- be estimated at these elevated temperatures.
ating in continuous-conduction mode. The maximum
LED-
L2 D1 C2
LED+
R3 DRAIN
L1 BD1 REFI IN
MAX16840
12V AC C1 EXT
COMP SOURCE
C4 FB
GND
R1
R2
The output voltage of the LED string is given by VLED. As Output Diode (D1)
a first-order approximation, the LED voltage is assumed A Schottky diode must be used as rectifier diode D1 to
constant. The duty cycle at the peak of the input voltage reduce power dissipation. The voltage rating of diode D1
is, therefore: must be greater than the maximum peak input voltage
13.2V × 2 18.66V plus the maximum output voltage. Choose a diode that
D MIN = 1− =1−
VLED + 13.2V × 2 VLED + 18.66V minimizes dissipation at temperatures in the +90NC to
+100NC range. The diode should be selected to minimize
The percentage P-P ripple is typically selected in the 30% reverse leakage at the maximum output voltage while
to 60% range of the maximum input current. Assuming a minimizing forward losses when the diode is conducting.
60% P-P inductor-current ripple, the maximum inductor
current is given by:
IP-P = 1.3IIN
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (foot-
The minimum inductor value is given by: prints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a
“+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only.
18.66V × D MIN 2 Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the
L MIN =
0.6IIN × 300kHz drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
where the switching frequency is 300kHz. The saturation PACKAGE PACKAGE OUTLINE LAND
current of the inductor should be higher than IP-P and the TYPE CODE NO. PATTERN NO.
minimum value of the inductor at IP-P should exceed LMIN. 10 TDFN-EP T1033+1 21-0137 90-0003
Revision History
REVISION REVISION PAGES
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER DATE CHANGED
0 12/10 Initial release —
1 2/11 Changed minimum temperature to -40°C 1, 2, 3, 8
2 5/11 Added missing dots in Typical Operating Circuit and Figure 3 1, 10
Added missing dots in Typical Operating Circuit and Figure 3 and updated PWMC
3 8/11 1, 8, 10
block in Figure 1
4 1 Updated Benefits and Features section 1
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Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
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