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Chapter 22: Hydrocarbon Compounds: Lesson 22.2: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. Alkenes contain one or more double bonds and are named using the root of the parent alkane plus the suffix -ene. The carbons in the double bond are given the lowest possible numbers. Alkynes contain one or more triple bonds and are named like alkenes but with the suffix -yne. Introduction of a double or triple bond does not dramatically change the physical properties of hydrocarbons due to weak van der Waals forces still being the major attraction between molecules.

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72 views

Chapter 22: Hydrocarbon Compounds: Lesson 22.2: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. Alkenes contain one or more double bonds and are named using the root of the parent alkane plus the suffix -ene. The carbons in the double bond are given the lowest possible numbers. Alkynes contain one or more triple bonds and are named like alkenes but with the suffix -yne. Introduction of a double or triple bond does not dramatically change the physical properties of hydrocarbons due to weak van der Waals forces still being the major attraction between molecules.

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KM10 khalid
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 22: Hydrocarbon Compounds


Lesson 22.2: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

- An organic compound that contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom is
called a saturated compound.
- Alkanes are saturated compounds because the only bonds in alkanes are single covalent bonds.
- An organic compound that contains double or triple carbon-carbon bonds is called an
unsaturated compound.
- An alkene CnH2n is a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double covalent
bonds.
- A carbon-carbon double bond is shown in structural formulas as two parallel lines.
- At least one carbon-carbon bond in an alkene is a double covalent bond.Other bonds may be
single carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
- To name an alkene by the IUPAC system:
1. find the longest chain in the molecule that contains the double bond. This chain is the parent
alkene. It has the root name of the alkane with the same number of carbons plus the ending -
ene.
2. The chain is numbered so that the carbon atoms of the double bond have the lowest possible
numbers.
3. Substituents on the chain are named and numbered(according the same direction so that the
double bond have the lowest possible numbers) in the same way they are for alkanes.

- A hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds is called an alkyne
CnH2n-2.
- A carbon-carbon triple bond is shown in structural formulas as three parallel lines. At least one
carbon-carbon bond in an alkyne is a triple covalent bond. Other bonds may be single or double
carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
- Like alkenes, alkynes are unsaturated compounds.
- The simplest alkyne is ethyne C2H2 which has the common name acetylene.
- Acetylene is the fuel burned in oxyacetylene torches used for welding.

Mr. Mohamed Elhassan Cell phone: 0537145737 Chemistry


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- Like alkanes, the major attractions between alkenes and alkynes are weak van der Waals forces.
As a result, the introduction of a double or triple bond into a hydrocarbon does not have a
dramatic effect on physical properties such as boiling point.

Mr. Mohamed Elhassan Cell phone: 0537145737 Chemistry

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