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Tutorial 0 7 - PHP Basics

This document provides an introduction to PHP basics including: 1. PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language commonly used for web development. PHP code is executed on the server and the plain HTML result is sent to the browser. 2. Basic PHP syntax includes opening and closing PHP tags <?php ?> and using semicolons ; to end statements. Variables do not require declaration and are declared with a $ sign. Strings can be concatenated with . and functions like strlen() and strpos() manipulate strings. 3. The document demonstrates various PHP operators for arithmetic, comparison, and assignment and provides an exercise to create a basic PHP file displaying text variables.

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ABDULLAH BIN AFZAAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
114 views

Tutorial 0 7 - PHP Basics

This document provides an introduction to PHP basics including: 1. PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language commonly used for web development. PHP code is executed on the server and the plain HTML result is sent to the browser. 2. Basic PHP syntax includes opening and closing PHP tags <?php ?> and using semicolons ; to end statements. Variables do not require declaration and are declared with a $ sign. Strings can be concatenated with . and functions like strlen() and strpos() manipulate strings. 3. The document demonstrates various PHP operators for arithmetic, comparison, and assignment and provides an exercise to create a basic PHP file displaying text variables.

Uploaded by

ABDULLAH BIN AFZAAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEHH1016 – Introduction to Internet Technology T07 – PHP Basics

Tutorial 07 – PHP Basics


Table of Contents
Learning Outcomes ........................................................................................................................ 1
1. Introduction of PHP ................................................................................................................ 2
What is a PHP File? ..................................................................................................................... 2
Why PHP? ................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Basic PHP Syntax ..................................................................................................................... 3
First PHP Program....................................................................................................................... 3
Comments in PHP ....................................................................................................................... 3
Variables in PHP ......................................................................................................................... 4
PHP is a Loosely Typed Language ............................................................................................... 4
String Variables in PHP - Concatenation Operator ..................................................................... 4
String Variables in PHP - strlen() function................................................................................... 5
String Variables in PHP – strpos() function ................................................................................. 5
PHP Operators – Arithmetic Operators ...................................................................................... 5
PHP Operators - Comparison Operators ..................................................................................... 6
PHP Operators – Assignment Operators .................................................................................... 6
PHP Exercise ................................................................................................................................... 7

Learning Outcomes
1. Basic PHP Syntax
2. Declare variables
3. Operators

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SEHH1016 – Introduction to Internet Technology T07 – PHP Basics

1. Introduction of PHP
• PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor
• PHP is a server-side scripting
language, like ASP
• PHP scripts are executed on the
server
• PHP is an open source software
• PHP is free to download and use

What is a PHP File?


• PHP files can contain text, HTML tags
and scripts
• PHP code is executed on the server,
and the plain HTML result is sent to
the browser.
• PHP files are returned to the
browser as plain HTML
• PHP files have a file extension of
".php"

Why PHP?
• PHP runs on different platforms (e.g.
Windows, Linux, Unix)
• PHP is compatible with almost all
servers used today (e.g. Apache)
• PHP is FREE to download from the
official PHP resource: www.php.net
• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently
on the server side

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SEHH1016 – Introduction to Internet Technology T07 – PHP Basics

2. Basic PHP Syntax


<?php • A PHP scripting block always starts with <?php and ends
// PHP Comment with ?>.
?> • A PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document.
• On servers with shorthand support enabled you can start a
scripting block with
<? and end with ?>.
• For maximum compatibility, we recommend that you use the
standard form (<?php) rather than the shorthand form.

First PHP Program


[php01_01_helloworld.php] • A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like
an HTML file, and some PHP scripting code.
<html> • Below, we have an example of a simple PHP script
<body> which sends the text "Hello World" to the
<?php browser:
echo "Hello World"; • Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon.
?> The semicolon is a separator and is used to
</body> distinguish one set of instructions from another.
• We have used the echo statement to output the
</html> text "Hello World".
• Note: The file must have a .php extension. If the
file has a .html extension, the PHP code will not be
executed.

Comments in PHP
[php01_02_comment.php] In PHP, we use
• // to make a single-line comment or
<?php • /* and */ to make a large comment
// This is a comment block.
/* This is Comment Block */
?>

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SEHH1016 – Introduction to Internet Technology T07 – PHP Basics
Variables in PHP
• Variables are used for storing a values, like text
<?php strings, numbers or arrays.
$var_name = value; • When a variable is declared, it can be used over
$valid1 = true; and over again in your script.
$1d = false; // invalid • All variables in PHP start with a $ sign symbol.
variable = "no"; • A variable name must start with a letter or an
?> underscore _, can only contain alpha-numeric
characters and underscores (i.e. a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and
_), and should not contain spaces.

PHP is a Loosely Typed Language


• a variable does not need to be declared before being
<?php set.
$txt="Hello World!"; • In the example, you see that you do not have to tell
$x=16; PHP which data type the variable is.
$txt=23; • PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct
?> data type, depending on how they are set.

• In a strongly typed programming language, you have to


declare (define) the type and name of the variable
before using (setting) it.
• In PHP, the variable is declared automatically when you
use it.

String Variables in PHP - Concatenation Operator


php01_03_concatenation.php • The concatenation operator (.) is
<?php used to put two string values
together.
$txt1="Hello World!"; • e.g.
$txt2="What a nice day!";

echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2;

?>

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SEHH1016 – Introduction to Internet Technology T07 – PHP Basics
String Variables in PHP - strlen() function
php01_04_strlen.php
<?php strlen() function
• The strlen() function is used to return
echo strlen("Hello world!"); the length of a string.

?>

String Variables in PHP – strpos() function


php01_05_strpos.php
<?php strpos() function
⚫ The strpos() function is used to search for
echo strpos("Hello world!", character within a string.
"world"); ⚫ If a match is found, this function will
return the position of the first match.
?> ⚫ If no match is found, it will return FALSE.
⚫ Note: string positions start at 0.

PHP Operators – Arithmetic Operators

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SEHH1016 – Introduction to Internet Technology T07 – PHP Basics
PHP Operators - Comparison Operators

PHP Operators – Assignment Operators

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SEHH1016 – Introduction to Internet Technology T07 – PHP Basics

PHP Exercise

1. Use a text editor to type the following. Save the file with name SEHH1016_T7.php, and put
it in the root directory of your Apache Web server. It should be the “htdocs” folder by
default.

<HTML>
<BODY>
<P> First exercise: </P>

<?php
$msg1 = "My first PHP file.<BR>";
$msg2 = "PHP is interesting.";

echo $msg1;
echo $msg2;
?>

</BODY>
</HTML>

2. Start a Web browser. Type in the address bar the URL of your PHP file:
http://localhost/SEHH1016_T7.php. You should now be able to see the two messages
(msg1 and msg2) in the PHP file.

3. Now, in the PHP file, add another variable called “msg3”. Set it with a value “This is a
testing message!”.

4. Modify the PHP file such that the third message is placed below the second message.
View the result using the Web browser.

5. By using another variable called “line”, insert a horizontal line below the three text
messages.

6. Modify the value in “msg2”, so that the font colour of the second message is changed to
blue. (Hint: use the escape character)

7. Save your work and view the result through the Web server with a Web browser.

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